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Eiropas Savienības Aizsargājamie Biotopi Latvijā

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Eiropas Savienības Aizsargājamie Biotopi Latvijā EIROPASEIROPAS SAVIENĪBASSAVIENĪBAS AIZSARGĀJAMIEAIZSARGĀJAMIE BIOTOPIBIOTOPI LATVIJĀLATVIJĀ NOTEIKŠANASNOTEIKŠANAS ROKASGRĀMATAROKASGRĀMATA 2.2. PRECIZĒTSPRECIZĒTS IZDEVUMSIZDEVUMS EIROPAS SAVIENĪBAS AIZSARGĀJAMIE LATVIJĀ SAVIENĪBAS BIOTOPI EIROPAS ROKASGRĀMATA SAGATAVOTA: projekta „Metodikas un rokasgrāmatas izstrāde ES nozīmes biotopu noteikšanai dabā” ietvaros, kurš finansēts ar Norvēģijas finanšu instrumenta granta palīdzību no Norvēģijas „Eiropas Savienības aizsargājamie biotopi Latvijā. Noteikšanas rokasgrāmatas” 2. precizētais izdevums izdots ar Latvijas vides aizsardzības fonda atbalstu FSC® F000219 EIROPAS SAVIEnības aizsargāJAMIE BIOTOPI LATvijā NOTEikšanas ROKasgrāmaTA 2. PREcizētS IZDEVUMS Galvenais redaktors: Ainārs Auniņš Autori: Ainārs Auniņš, Liene Auniņa, Baiba Bambe, Lelde Eņģele, Sandra Ikauniece, Ivars Kabucis, Brigita Laime, Viesturs Lārmanis, Ilze Rēriha, Ieva Rove, Solvita Rūsiņa, Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova, Solvita Strāķe Rīga 2013 UDK 502(474.3)(035) EI 720 Galvenais redaktors: Ainārs Auniņš Redkolēģija: Ainārs Auniņš Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova Valda Baroniņa Ivars Kabucis Valodas redaktores: Valda Baroniņa Inese Bernsone Makets: Marta Grīnberga un SIA „E Forma” Konsultanti: Juris Aigars, Madara Alberte, Austra Āboliņa, Valda Baroniņa, Vilnis Bernards, Edgars Dreijers, Laura Grīnberga, Vadims Jermakovs, Mārtiņš Kalniņš, Jānis Kotāns, Vija Kreile, Māris Laiviņš, Vita Līcīte, Aivars Markots, Ilona Mendziņa, Anita Namatēva, Ansis Opmanis, Māra Pakalne, Aivars Petriņš, Alfons Piterāns, Agnese Priede, Ingrīda Puriņa, Agnija Skuja, Jānis Sprūds, Voldemārs Spuņģis, Antra Stīpniece, Ivars Strautnieks, Uvis Suško, Dmitrijs Teļnovs, Andris Urtāns, Vija Znotiņa, Egita Zviedre Grāmatas citēšanas paraugs: Eiropas Savienības aizsargājamie biotopi Latvijā. Noteikšanas rokasgrāmata. 2. papildināts izdevums (2013) A.Auniņa red., Rīga, Latvijas Dabas fonds , Vides aizsardzības un reģionālās attīstības ministrija, 320 lpp. Nodaļas citēšanas paraugs: Auniņa, L. (2013) 7150 Ieplakas purvos. Grām.: Auniņš, A. (red.) Eiropas Savienības aizsargājamie biotopi Latvijā. Noteikšanas rokasgrāmata. 2. papildināts izdevums. Rīga, Latvijas Dabas fonds, Vides aizsardzības un reģionālās attīstības ministrija, 200.–201. lpp. Vāka fotogrāfija: Uvis Suško © Latvijas Dabas fonds un Vides aizsardzības un reģionālās attīstības ministrija, 2013 © Fotogrāfiju un attēlu autori, 2013 Fotogrāfiju un attēlu pārpublicēšana nav atļauta bez autoru piekrišanas. ISBN 978-9934-14-018-1 SaturS Ievads. Ainārs Auniņš ..................................................................................................................................................................6 Biotopu direktīva. Ainārs Auniņš ..................................................................................................................................................6 Natura 2000 Latvijā. Ainārs Auniņš ..............................................................................................................................................8 Biotopu klasifikācijas un interpretācijas zinātniskā un juridiskā bāze. Ainārs Auniņš ................................................................9 Paskaidrojumi biotopa aprakstam .....................................................................................................................................13 Biotopu apraksti. Ainārs Auniņš ...........................................................................................................................................14 Biotopu grupu apraksti. Ainārs Auniņš ......................................................................................................................................14 Biotopu aprakstu struktūra un visiem biotopiem kopīgie principi. Ainārs Auniņš, Viesturs Lārmanis ..................................14 Biotopu kartēšana. Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova .............................................................................................................................21 1. Jūras un iesāļu augteņu biotopi. Ieva Rove .................................................................................................................25 1110 Smilts sēkļi jūrā. Ieva Rove ...............................................................................................................................................30 1150* Lagūnas. Ieva Rove .........................................................................................................................................................32 1170 Akmeņu sēkļi jūrā. Ieva Rove, Solvita Strāķe ..................................................................................................................36 1210 Viengadīgu augu sabiedrības uz sanesumu joslām. Brigita Laime ................................................................................41 1220 Daudzgadīgs augājs akmeņainās pludmalēs. Ieva Rove .................................................................................................45 1230 Jūras stāvkrasti. Ilze Rēriha ..............................................................................................................................................48 1310 Viengadīgu augu sabiedrības dūņainās un zemās smilšainās pludmalēs. Brigita Laime ..............................................52 1630* Piejūras zālāji. Solvita Rūsiņa ........................................................................................................................................55 1640 Smilšainas pludmales ar daudzgadīgu augāju. Ieva Rove ..............................................................................................58 2. Piejūras un iekšzemes kāpu biotopi. Ieva Rove .........................................................................................................63 2110 Embrionālās kāpas. Brigita Laime ...................................................................................................................................70 2120 Priekškāpas. Brigita Laime ...............................................................................................................................................73 2130* Ar lakstaugiem klātas pelēkās kāpas. Brigita Laime .....................................................................................................76 2140* Pelēkās kāpas ar sīkkrūmu audzēm. Ieva Rove ..............................................................................................................80 2170 Pelēkās kāpas ar ložņu kārklu. Brigita Laime ..................................................................................................................84 2180 Mežainas piejūras kāpas. Ieva Rove .................................................................................................................................87 2190 Mitras starpkāpu ieplakas. Ieva Rove ...............................................................................................................................92 2320 Piejūras zemienes smiltāju līdzenumu sausi virsāji. Ieva Rove .......................................................................................97 2330 Klajas iekšzemes kāpas. Ieva Rove .................................................................................................................................101 3. Saldūdeņu biotopi. Lelde Eņģele, Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova ...................................................................................105 3130 Ezeri ar oligotrofām līdz mezotrofām augu sabiedrībām. Lelde Eņģele, Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova .............................108 3140 Ezeri ar mieturaļģu augāju. Lelde Eņģele, Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova ............................................................................112 3 3150 Eitrofi ezeri ar iegrimušo ūdensaugu un peldaugu augāju. Lelde Eņģele, Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova ..........................114 3160 Distrofi ezeri. Lelde Eņģele, Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova ...................................................................................................118 3190* Karsta kritenes. Lelde Eņģele, Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova .............................................................................................120 3260 Upju straujteces un dabiski upju posmi. Lelde Eņģele, Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova ........................................................123 3270 Dūņaini upju krasti ar slāpekli mīlošu viengadīgu pioniersugu augāju. Lelde Eņģele, Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova .......127 4. Virsāju biotopi. Liene Auniņa, Ieva Rove .....................................................................................................................131 4010 Slapji virsāji. Liene Auniņa .............................................................................................................................................137 4030 Sausi virsāji. Ieva Rove ....................................................................................................................................................141 5. Krūmāju biotopi ..................................................................................................................................................................145 5130 Kadiķu audzes zālājos un virsājos. Viesturs Lārmanis ..................................................................................................145 6. Zālāju biotopi. Solvita Rūsiņa .........................................................................................................................................151 6110* Lakstaugu pioniersabiedrības seklās kaļķainās augsnēs. Solvita Rūsiņa
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