DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction: a New Deal for the Middle East

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction: a New Deal for the Middle East Notes Introduction: A New Deal for the Middle East 1. Memorandum of conversation on Palestine, Foreign Office, April 11, 1944, Lot Files 78D440, Record Group 59, National Archives and Record Administration (hereafter referred to as NARA). 2. “Summary of Opinion and Ideas on International Postwar Problems,” September 9, 1942, Postwar Foreign Policy Files, Welles Papers, folder 1, box 190, Sumner Welles Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library, Hyde Park, New York (hereafter referred to as FDRL). Although this book makes extensive use of primary sources, it also utilizes the last quarter cen- tury of historiography as well as new historiographical methodologies such as decolonization. It has been three decades since the appearance of the two standard accounts of the origins of the United States in the Middle East: Phillip J. Baram’s The Department of State in the Middle East, 1919– 1945 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1978) and Thomas Bryson’s Seeds of Middle East Crisis: The United States Diplomatic Role in the Middle East during World War II (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1981) and The Department of State in the Middle East, 1919–1945 (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1975). Both accounts relied almost exclusively on the State Department’s series Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) without the benefit of the many collections at the US National Archives, FDRL, or archival materials in Britain and the Middle East. Nor did earlier accounts approach the subject of the United States in the Middle East from the per- spective of empire and decolonization. 3. Hans Georg von Mackensen, Ambassador to Rome, to Foreign Ministry Berlin, September 14, 1940, Documents on German Foreign Policy, Series D, 1940–1941, Vol. XI (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1960), 75–76. 4. The Grand Mufti to Adolf Hitler, January 20, 1941, Documents on German Foreign Policy, Series D, 1940–1941, Vol. XI (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1960), 1151–1155. 5. Memorandum by Ernst Woermann, February 4, 1941, Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1941, Vol. XII (Washington: United States Government 156 Notes Printing Office, 1962), 18–19; Ernst Woermann, Director of Political Department, to Paris embassy, February 25, 1941, Documents on German Foreign Policy, Series D, 1941, Vol. XII (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1962), 156–157. 6. Memorandum of conversation with Paul West of the OWI, December 22, 1942, Central Files, 867N.00/614, NARA. 7. “Review of the Situation in Palestine,” by Wallace Murray, February 9, 1940, Central Files, 867N.01/685, NARA; Wallace Murray, “Attitude of Saudi Arabia toward the European War,” April 12, 1940, Central Files, 890F.00/53, NARA. 8. For background on Iraqi national feeing in the 1940s, see Henderson to State, October 4, 1944, with enclosure: “A Personal Note on the History of Popular Feeling in Iraq towards the Allies with Constructive Suggestions,” Central Files, 890G.00/10–444, NARA. See also Bassam Tibi, Arab Nationalism: Between Islam and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1997), 116–117. 9. Wallace Murray memorandum to Sumner Welles, “The Strategic Situation in the Near East,” February 19, 1942, Lot Files 78D440, NARA. 10. “Zionism: A Viewpoint for American Consideration,” Coordinator of Information, December 6, 1941, Central Files, 867N.01/1798, NARA. 11. See also Erez Manela, The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007). 12. Lampson to Ankara, May 20, 1941, FO 371/27071, British National Archives; Knatchbull-Hugessen to Foreign Office, June 2, 1941, FO 371/27074. 13. “Review of the Situation in Palestine,” by Wallace Murray, February 9, 1940, Central Files, 867N.01/685, NARA. 14. Sir Kinahan Cornwallis to Anthony Eden, June 6, 1941, FO 371/27077. 15. William Roger Louis, Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941–1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978). 16. “Need for Over-All American Political Representative in the Near East,” by Paul Alling, May 8, 1942, Lot File 78D440, NARA. 17. Two excellent biographies of Cromer and Curzon have recently appeared, exploring the Middle East in detail. See Roger Owen, Lord Cromer: Victorian Imperialist, Edwardian Proconsul (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004); David Gilmour, Curzon: Imperial Statesman, 1859–1925 (London: John Murray, 2005). 18. Keith Jeffery, “The Second World War,” in Judith Brown and William Roger Louis, eds. The Oxford History of the British Empire: The Twentieth Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 306–307. 19. Churchill to Halifax, November 10, 1940, CAB 120/581; Newton to Eden, January 17, 1941, FO 371/27100. 20. Sir Basil Newton to Lord Halifax, September 28, 1940, FO 371/24559. Notes 157 21. “War Cabinet: Palestine,” Note by the Prime Minister, April 28, 1943, FO 371/35034. 22. Memorandum by Anthony Eden, March 16, 1942, CAB 120/581. 23. “Aide-Memoire: The British Embassy to the Department of State,” September 10, 1943, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1943, Vol. IV, The Near East and Africa (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1964), 989–991 (hereafter referred to as FRUS). 24. “His Majesty’s Government’s Policy in the Middle East,” July 19, 1940, Foreign Office File, FO 371/2807307; “British Views with Respect to Colonies and Dependent Areas,” P document 113, October 2, 1942, Postwar Planning Files, Notter Files, Record Group 59, NARA. 25. “War Cabinet: Palestine,” Note by the Prime Minister, April 28, 1943, FO 371/35034. 26. Cornwallis to Eden, February 24, 1944, FO 371/40134. 27. Memorandum of conversation between Isaiah Bowman and Sir Cosmo Parkinson, February 25, 1943, box 191, folder 4, Postwar Foreign Policy Files, Sumner Welles Papers, FDRL. 28. Sir Maurice Peterson to Haliax, December 22, 1938, FO 371/23202; R. A. Butler to Baggallay, November 8, 1939, FO 371/23202. 29. Thomas A. Bryson, American Diplomatic Relations with the Middle East, 1784–1975 (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1975). 30. “Memorandum for the President,” No. 125, by William J. Donovan, Office of Strategic Services, January 3, 1942, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Papers as President, President’s Secretary’s File, box 147, FDRL. 1 FDR and the End of Empire in the Middle East 1. Baggallay to Mallaby, June 20, 1940, FO 371/24558, British National Archives. 2. P minutes 24, August 29, 1942, Postwar Planning, Notter Files, Record Group 59, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). 3. “Memorandum for the President,” No. 125, by William J. Donovan, Office of Strategic Services, January 3, 1942, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Papers as President, President’s Secretary’s File, box 147, Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library (FDRL), Hyde Park, New York. 4. Smuts to Roosevelt, May 19, 1942, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Papers as President, President’s Secretary’s File, box 51, FDRL. 5. “The Case against Partition, Annex II,” by Anthony Eden, September 15, 1944, FO 371/40137, British National Archives. 6. FDR memorandum for Hopkins, Marshall, King, July 15, 1942, PSF, Safe Files, Hopkins File, box 3, FDRL. 7. “Personal Memorandum in Regard to Situation as of August 1, 1942,” by President Roosevelt, August 3, 1942, PSF, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Papers as President, President’s Secretary’s File, box 51, FDRL. 158 Notes 8. Lloyd Gardner, “FDR and the Colonial Question,” in David Woolner, Warren Kimball, and David Reynolds, eds. FDR’s World: War, Peace, and Legacies (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008); William Roger Louis, Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941–1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978); Christopher Thorne, Allies of a Kind: The United States, Britain, and the War against Japan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979); Warren Kimball, The Juggler: Franklin D. Roosevelt as Wartime Statesman (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991). 9. Rashid Khalidi, Resurrecting Empire: Western Footprints and America’s Perilous Path in the Middle East (Boston: Beacon Press, 2004); D. K. Fieldhouse, Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914–1958 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006); see also David Ryan and Victor Pungong, eds. The United States and Decolonization: Power and Freedom (London: Macmillan, 2000). 10. “His Majesty’s Government’s Policy in the Middle East,” July 19, 1940, Foreign Office File, FO 371/2807307; Sir Basil Newton to Anthony Eden, January 17, 1941, FO 371/27100; Sir Miles Lampson to Foreign Office, May 3, 1941, FO 371/27068. 11. Anthony Eden, “The Case against Partition,” September 15, 1944, FO 371/40137. 12. Peter Sluglett, Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007); Toby Dodge, Inventing Iraq: The Failure of Nation Building and History Denied (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003); Jeremey Salt, The Unmaking of the Middle East: A History of Western Disorder in Arab Lands (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008). 13. David Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East (New York: Owl Books, 1989). 14. Erez Manela, The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007). 15. Churchill to Halifax, November 10, 1940, CAB 120/581. 16. Glen Balfour-Paul, “Britain’s Informal Empire in the Middle East,” in Judith Brown and Wm. Roger Louis, eds. The Oxford History of the British Empire (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999). American views of this indirect British system are revealed in “Machinery by which Great Britain Maintains Control over, or Exerts Influence in, Various Phases of Iraqi National Life,” by Loy Henderson, March 13, 1944, Central Files, 890G.00/695, NARA; and “British Controls in Iraq,” by Richard E. Gnade, February 25, 1944, Central Files, 890G.00/695, NARA. 17. Dodge, Inventing Iraq. 18. “Treaty Obligations of Egypt and Iraq in Event of His Majesty’s Government Engaged in War,” December 1, 1938, CAB 21/1046.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Us Military Assistance to Saudi Arabia, 1942-1964
    DANCE OF SWORDS: U.S. MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO SAUDI ARABIA, 1942-1964 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bruce R. Nardulli, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2002 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Adviser Professor Peter L. Hahn _______________________ Adviser Professor David Stebenne History Graduate Program UMI Number: 3081949 ________________________________________________________ UMI Microform 3081949 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ____________________________________________________________ ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The United States and Saudi Arabia have a long and complex history of security relations. These relations evolved under conditions in which both countries understood and valued the need for cooperation, but also were aware of its limits and the dangers of too close a partnership. U.S. security dealings with Saudi Arabia are an extreme, perhaps unique, case of how security ties unfolded under conditions in which sensitivities to those ties were always a central —oftentimes dominating—consideration. This was especially true in the most delicate area of military assistance. Distinct patterns of behavior by the two countries emerged as a result, patterns that continue to this day. This dissertation examines the first twenty years of the U.S.-Saudi military assistance relationship. It seeks to identify the principal factors responsible for how and why the military assistance process evolved as it did, focusing on the objectives and constraints of both U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 1 SPECIAL AGENTS, SPECIAL THREATS: Creating the Office of the Chief Special Agent, 1914-1933
    CHAPTER 1 SPECIAL AGENTS, SPECIAL THREATS: Creating the Office of the Chief Special Agent, 1914-1933 CHAPTER 1 8 SPECIAL AGENTS, SPECIAL THREATS Creating the Office of the Chief Special Agent, 1914-1933 World War I created a diplomatic security crisis for the United States. Under Secretary of State Joseph C. Grew afterwards would describe the era before the war as “diplomatic serenity – a fool’s paradise.” In retrospect, Grew’s observation indicates more the degree to which World War I altered how U.S. officials perceived diplomatic security than the actual state of pre-war security.1 During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Department had developed an effective set of security measures; however, those measures were developed during a long era of trans-Atlantic peace (there had been no major multi-national wars since Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo in 1814). Moreover, those measures were developed for a nation that was a regional power, not a world power exercising influence in multiple parts of the world. World War I fundamentally altered international politics, global economics, and diplomatic relations and thrust the United States onto the world stage as a key world power. Consequently, U.S. policymakers and diplomats developed a profound sense of insecurity regarding the content of U.S. Government information. The sharp contrast between the pre- and post-World War I eras led U.S. diplomats like Grew to cast the pre-war era in near-idyllic, carefree terms, when in fact the Department had developed several diplomatic security measures to counter acknowledged threats.
    [Show full text]
  • Retirement Planning Shortfalls the First Female Fso the Diplomat's Ethical
    PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION JULY-AUGUST 2013 THE DIPLOMAT’S ETHICAL GROUNDING RETIREMENT PLANNING SHORTFALLS THE FIRST FEMALE FSO FOREIGN July-August 2013 SERVICE Volume 90, No. 7-8 FOCUS ON PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AFSA NEWS Presenting the 2013 AFSA Merit Ethics for the Professional Diplomat / 22 Award Winners / 49 A code of ethics is essential to give diplomatic practitioners guidance State VP: On Becoming Foreign with respect to personal, as well as official, boundaries. Service Policymakers / 50 Here are some components of such a code. Retiree VP: Déjà Vu All Over BY EDWARD MARKS Again / 51 2013-2015 Governing Board The Role of Dissent in National Security, Election Results/ 51 AFSA and Santa Fe Retirees Law and Conscience / 27 Sponsor Symposium / 52 One of three officers to resign from the Foreign Service a decade ago Book Notes: Living Longer, in protest of the Iraq War revisits the ethical implications of that decision. Stronger and Happier / 53 BY ANN WRIGHT 2013 AFSA Awards Winners / 53 AFSA Best Essay Winner: Some My Resignation in Retrospect / 32 Nails, Some Tape / 56 Those of us in the Foreign Service must keep our moral and professional compass PMA Funds AFSA calibrated to that point where integrity and love of country declare, “No further.” Scholarship / 56 BY JOHN BRADY KIESLING 2013 George F. Kennan Award Winner / 57 Sponsors: Supporting New Some Thoughts on Dissent / 36 Arrivals from the Get-Go / 58 All government employees should be free to speak their minds as openly FSYF 2013 Contest and Award as possible without endangering national security—a term regrettably Winners / 59 all too often used as an excuse to shut them up.
    [Show full text]
  • An Historical Study of the Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Yugoslavia from 1943 Until 1949
    N PS ARCHIVE 1966 GREIWE, W. Wi 1 1 iam H. Greiwe AN HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND YUGOSLAVIA FROM 1943 UNTIL 1949. Thesi s G763 - mtttfVKNQXUBRAIW WAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MPWTWIEV CA 93943-5101 AN HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND YUGOSLAVIA FROM 1943 UNTIL 1949 by William H. Greiwe u Submitted to the Faculty of the School of International Service of The American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS LIBRARY NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIF. 93940 AN ABSTRACT of AN HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN~ the united SflUTi53 AriD *j&>&itotk from 1343 Until l949 by William H. Greiwe Submitted to the Faculty of the School of International Service of The American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS September, 1966 The American University Washington, D. C. ABSTRACT The thesis traces the diplomatic history of U. S.- Yugoslav relations from the first United States interest in the Tito-Mihailovic crisis during World War II, until the United States agreed to contribute economic aid to Yugo- slavia in 1949. The periods covered include the gradual movement of Yugoslavia from British sphere to American sphere through American involvement in the Tito-Subasi6 Agreement, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, and the Yalta agreements. Following the end of World War II, diplomatic rela- tions cooled because of the Mihailovic and Stepinac trials, the loss of two American aircraft over Yugoslavia, and the Trieste clashes.
    [Show full text]
  • Summer/Fall 2013
    The Dubliner The Dublin School P.O. Box 522 18 Lehmann Way Dublin, New Hampshire 03444 www.dublinschool.org Address service requested Dubliner Our Mission At Dublin School, we strive to awaken a curiosity for knowledge and a passion for learning. We instill the values of discipline and meaningful work that are necessary for the good of self and community. We respect the individual learning style and unique potential each student brings to our School. With our guidance, Dublin students become men and women who seek truth and act with courage. The Summer/Fall 2013 DublinerThe Magazine of Dublin School Why Sports Matter A New Way with Wood A Nerd’s Eye View SUMMER / FALL 2 0 1 3 1 Dubliner Dublin School Graduation—The Class of 2013 Front row: Jessica Lynne Scharf, Greenfield, NH (University of New Hampshire), Olivia Beatrice Horton-Gregg, Hancock, NH (University of Vermont), Rachel Meredith Coutant, Berwyn, PA (Wells College), Amanda Julia Bartlett, Jaffrey, NH (Lynchburg College), Saioa Ochoa Mendez, Madrid, Spain (Curry College), Xing Xiong, Shenzhen, China (University of Rhode Island), Maria Dolores Espinosa von Wichmann, Madrid, Spain (Art Institute of Boston), Margaret Elliott, Barrington, RI (University of Rhode Island), Elizabeth Takyi, Newark, NJ (Bowdoin College), Emily Marie Beaupré, Cincinnati, OH (Loyola University, Chicago), Alexis Marie Andrus, Spofford, NH (Mt. Holyoke College), Jillian Godard Steele, Rindge/Hancock, NH (Rhode Island School of Design), Stephanie Eve Janetos, Peterborough, NH (University of California, Los Angeles),
    [Show full text]
  • Front Matter
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03126-5 - FDR’s Ambassadors and the Diplomacy of Crisis: From the Rise of Hitler to the End of World War II David Mayers Frontmatter More information FDR’s Ambassadors and the Diplomacy of Crisis What effect did personality and circumstance have on US foreign policy during World War II? This incisive account of US envoys residing in the major belligerent countries – Japan, Germany, Italy, China, France, Great Britain, USSR – highlights the fascinating role played by such diplomats as Joseph Grew, William Dodd, William Bullitt, Joseph Kennedy, and W. Averell Harriman. Between Hitler’s 1933 ascent to power and the 1945 bombing of Nagasaki, US ambassadors sculpted formal policy – occasionally deliberately, other times inadvertently – giving shape and meaning not always intended by FDR or predicted by his principal advisors. From appeasement to the Holocaust and the onset of the Cold War, David Mayers examines the complicated interaction between policy, as conceived in Washington, and implementation on the ground in Europe and Asia. By so doing, he also sheds needed light on the fragility, ambigu- ities, and enduring urgency of diplomacy and its crucial function in inter- national politics. David Mayers teaches at Boston University, where he holds a joint profes- sorship in the History and Political Science departments. His previous books include Cracking the Monolith: US Policy Against the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1949–1955 (1986), George Kennan and the Dilemmas of US Foreign Policy (1988), The Ambassadors and America’s Soviet Policy (1995), Wars and Peace: The Future Americans Envisioned, 1861–1991 (1998), and Dissenting Voices in America’s Rise to Power (2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Mayers Cv Copy 2
    David Mayers Professor History Department, Political Science Department Boston University Work Address Home Address 232 Bay State Road 173 Oliver Road Boston University Newton, MA 02468 Boston, MA 02215 ph. 617-964-5622 ph. 617-353-2543 dmayers@bu. edu Teaching and Research Interests History of U.S. Foreign Relations International History of Europe since 1789 Political Biography Diplomatic Histories of USSR (Russia), China Classical International Relations Theory Education BA, Oberlin College, 1974. St. Catherine’s College, Oxford University, 1974-1975. MA, University of Chicago, 1976. PhD, University of Chicago, 1979. Teaching 1. Boston University, 1989--present. 2. Johns Hopkins University, Nanjing Center (China), Spring Semester 1998. 3. University of California at Santa Cruz, 1980-1988. 4. Kenyon College, 1979-1980. Background Recipient of fellowships from: Oberlin College, Oxford University, University of Chicago, University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (1983-1984, 1985-1986, 1987-1989), Institute for the Study of World Politics 1986, Hoover Institution (Title VIII) at Stanford University 1990, Center for International Studies at University of Southern California (Senior Visiting Scholar) 1991 (declined), John M. Olin Foundation 1991, Boston University 1992, Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 2000, Humanities Foundation of Boston University summer 2006, American Academy in Berlin (Berlin Prize--Haniel Fellow) 2008. Member of Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, 1999-2005. Clare Hall, Cambridge University—Life Member since October 2013. Chair of Political Science Department, Boston University, 2001-2004, 2004-2007, 2015-2018. Member of Management Committee, Transatlantic Studies Association, 2016- 2017. 1 Publications Books: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Akron1185381373.Pdf (1.49
    © 2007 DAVID ZIETSMA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED IMAGINING HEAVEN AND HELL: RELIGION, NATIONAL IDENTITY, AND U.S. FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1930-1953 A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy David Zietsma August, 2007 IMAGINING HEAVEN AND HELL: RELIGION, NATIONAL IDENTITY, AND U.S. FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1930-1953 David Zietsma Dissertation Approved: Accepted: _____________________________ _____________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Walter L. Hixson Dr. Walter L. Hixson _____________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. T. J. Boisseau Dr. Ronald F. Levant _____________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Mary Ann Heiss Dr. George R. Newkome _____________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Brant T. Lee _____________________________ Committee Member Dr. Elizabeth Mancke ii ABSTRACT This dissertation argues that religiously framed narratives of national identity conditioned the United States approach to the world from 1930 to 1953. When the Great Depression called into question U.S. manifest destiny, Americans reified their divine chosenness first through a “good neighbor” national image and later through a narrative imagining the United States as a righteous nation battling evil enemies. During the Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman administrations, competing religious groups/organizations
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    AVERELL HARRIMAN'S MISSION TO MOSCOW V. O. Pechatnov verell Harriman holds a special place in Affairs, V. M. Molotov, to communicate his the ranks of important American diplomats government's desire to appoint Averell Harriman of the twentieth century who represented the new ambassador to Moscow. The visitor Athe U.S. in Moscow, not only thanks to hisinquired whether the customary biographical personal qualities, but also because the years of his sketch would be necessary in this instance. ambassadorship coincide with what was perhaps “Harriman,” replied Molotov, “is well known to the most critical period in Soviet-American the Soviet government and he is also widely relations: the conception of a military and political known among the people of the USSR.”3 *Indeed, * * alliance that came into being in the monumental by this time Harriman had made his mark and was fight against a deadly enemy. Harriman, a welcome figure in Moscow. Roosevelt's trusted emissary, highly esteemed by The history of Harriman's special relations both the Kremlin and Whitehall, became an with the USSR date back to the 1920s and the eyewitness and active participant in political signing of the “Concession Agreement between decisions that were to affect the fate of millions of the Government of the USSR and W. A. Harriman people. Although Harriman's Moscow mission has & Co., Regarding Manganese Deposits in been thoroughly chronicled by the ambassador Chaituri,” the largest transaction of its kind himself,1 and has also been studied by several between the U.S. and Soviet Russia, totaling some Russian and American historians,2 the release of 4 million dollars.
    [Show full text]
  • Dunham, William B
    Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project Foreign Affairs Series WILLIAM B. DUNHAM Date: 1996 Copyright 1999 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Beginnings Economic Warfare Division 1943-1945 Undersecretary for Economic Affairs 1945 Portuguese Affairs 1945-1954 Spanish Affairs 1945-1954 Swiss Benelux Affairs 1954-1956 Embassy The Hague 1956-1960 State-Defense Officer Exchange Program 1960-1963 MEMOIR How Did You Get Here from There? Memoir of a Diplomatic Career The Art of Diplomacy Is Letting the Other Guy Have it Your Way. - Paraphrase of a tag on a SALADA tea bag Beginnings It all began with Auntie Mae and Glen Martner, FDR and The Great Depression, and Professor David Bryn-Jones, when I was a rising teenager in Minneapolis. Growing up in the '20s was a carefree picnic for kids. For me that included, from 1 May to October, many weekends and most of the summer vacation at a cabin in the north woods of Minnesota that my father had designed for a brother and sister who were our closest family friends, the Martners. They had come to Minneapolis after World War I from a farm near Litchfield, Minnesota, and over time became another set of parents for me. It was during those extended periods at their cabin that I became infected with the political bug, foreign and domestic. They had a wide range of friends from a Federal judge to doctors, lawyers, bankers, businessmen and artists to a nearby lumberjack who had built the cabin and the wonderful man who looked after Glen's car.
    [Show full text]
  • J. Franklin Jameson and the Historical Activities of the Federal Government. Alan Harvey Ginsberg Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1973 The iH storian as Lobbyist: J. Franklin Jameson and the Historical Activities of the Federal Government. Alan Harvey Ginsberg Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Ginsberg, Alan Harvey, "The iH storian as Lobbyist: J. Franklin Jameson and the Historical Activities of the Federal Government." (1973). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2393. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2393 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Minutes and Documents of the Cabinet Meetings Of
    A Guide to Minutes and Documents of the Cabinet Meetings of PRESIDENT EISENHOWER (1953-1961) Minutes of Telephone Conversations of JOHN FOSTER DULLES and of CHRISTIAN HERTER (1953-1961) THE PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS SERIES A Guide to Minutes and Documents of the Cabinet Meetings of PRESIDENT EISENHOWER (1953-1961) Minutes of Telephone Conversations of JOHN FOSTER DULLES and of CHRISTIAN HERTER (1953-1961) Edited by Paul Kesaris Joan Gibson A Microfilm Project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA, INC. 5630 Connecticut Avenue Washington, D.C. 20015 Copyright ® 1980 by University Publications of America, Inc. All rights Reserved ISBN 0-89093-355-3 ISBN 0-89093-356-1 Contents REEL INDEX Minutes and Documents of the Cabinet Meetings of President Eisenhower (1953-1961) Preliminary Meetings 1 Cabinet Meetings 1953 1 1954 1 1955 2 1956 2 1957 2 1958 3 1959 3 1960 4 1961 4 REEL INDEX Minutes of Telephone Conversations of John Foster Dulles and of Christian Herter (1953-1961) Note: Because we were requested by the staff of the Eisenhower Library to leave the file order of the minutes unchanged, each individual file of minutes has been filmed in reverse chronological order. Key to Initials 5 John Foster Dulles Telephone Memoranda: December 30, 1952 - May 8, 1959 6 John Foster Dulles Telephone Conversations with the White House: January 21, 1953 - April 15, 1959 36 Christian Herter Telephone Conversations with the White House: January 3, 1959 - January 19, 1961 51 Christian Herter Telephone Memoranda: January 1, 1959 - January 16, 1961 53 Name Index 61 REEL INDEX Minutes and Documents of the Cabinet Meetings of President Eisenhower (1953-1961) The documents of a typical Cabinet meeting are generally filmed in the following order: 1) agenda; 2) minutes; 3) Cabinet reports, records of action, and memoranda to the President.
    [Show full text]