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Msea7orthopteracataluñaresol MONOGRAFÍAS S.E.A. — vol. 7 Primera Edición: Zaragoza, Sepbre., 2002. Título: Revisión de los ortópteros (Insecta: Orthoptera) de Cataluña (España) Autores: David Llucià Pomares. Edita: Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (SEA). Avda. Radio Juventud, 37 50012 – Zaragoza (España) Director de publicaciones: A. Melic [email protected] http://entomologia.rediris.es/sea Maquetación y Diseño: A. Melic Imprime: Gorfi, S.A. c/.Menéndez Pelayo, 4 50009 – Zaragoza (España) I.S.B.N.: 84 – 922495 – 9 – 5 Depósito Legal: Z – 1789 – 94 © Los autores (por la obra) © SEA (por la edición). Queda prohibida la reproducción total o parcial del presente volumen, o de cualquiera de sus partes, por cualquier medio, sin el previo y expreso consentimiento por escrito de los autores y editora. Publicación gratuita para socios SEA (ejercicio 2002). Precio de venta al público: 15 euros (IVA incluido). Gastos de envío no incluidos. Solicitudes: SEA. Revisión de los ortópteros (Insecta: Orthoptera) de Cataluña (España) David LLucià Pomares MONOGRAFÍAS SEA, vol. 7 ZARAGOZA, 2002 a índice I. Introducción.......................................................... 2 II. Visión histórica del estudio de los ortópteros en la región catalana ............... 2 III. Área de estudio ...................................................... 4 IV. Material y métodos ................................................... 7 V. Claves de identificación de los ortópteros de Cataluña y zonas adyacentes ......... 9 VI. Diagnosis faunística.................................................. 37 Familia Tettigoniidae Krauss, 1902 ..................................... 37 Subfamilia Phaneropterinae Kirby, 1904 ............................. 37 Subfamilia Maconeminae Kirby, 1906 .............................. 42 Subfamilia Conocephalinae Kirby, 1906 ............................. 43 Subfamilia Tettigoniinae Uvarov, 1924 .............................. 44 Subfamilia Decticinae Kirby, 1906 ................................. 46 Subfamilia Saginae Stäl, 1874 ..................................... 57 Subfamilia Ephippigerinae Azam, 1901 .............................. 57 Familia Raphidophoridae Kirby, 1833 ................................... 63 Subfamilia Dolichopodinae Beier, 1955 ............................. 63 Familia Gryllidae Bolívar, 1878 ........................................ 64 Subfamilia Gryllinae Saussure, 1893 ................................ 64 Subfamilia Mogoplistinae Blatchley, 1920 ........................... 71 Subfamilia Myrmecophilinae Kirby, 1906 ............................ 72 Subfamilia Trigonidiinae Kirby, 1906 ............................... 72 Subfamilia Oecanthinae Kirby, 1906 ................................ 73 Familia Gryllotalpidae Brunner, 1882 ................................... 74 Familia Tetrigidae Uvarov, 1940 ....................................... 75 Familia Tridactylidae Brunner, 1882 .................................... 78 Familia Pamphagidae Burmeister, 1840 ................................. 79 Subfamilia Akicerinae Dirsh, 1961 ................................. 79 Subfamilia Pamphaginae Burmeister, 1840 ........................... 79 Familia Pyrgomorphidae Brunner, 1893 ................................. 80 Familia Catantopidae Uvarov, 1927 .................................... 81 Subfamilia Catantopinae Uvarov, 1927 .............................. 81 Subfamilia Calliptaminae Harz, 1975 ............................... 83 Subfamilia Eyprepocnemidinae Harz, 1975 .......................... 88 Subfamilia Cyrtacanthacridinae Harz, 1975 .......................... 89 Subfamilia Tropidopolinae Harz, 1975 .............................. 90 Familia Acrididae Werner, 1936 ....................................... 90 Subfamilia Acridinae Uvarov, 1926 ................................. 90 Subfamilia Locustinae Harz, 1975 .................................. 92 Subfamilia Uvarov, 1926 ........................................ 107 VII. Conclusiones ..................................................... 140 Agradecimiento....................................................... 145 Bibliografía .......................................................... 146 Anexo I. Especies de probable presente en la región catalana.................... 152 Anexo II. Especies citadas de la región y no incluidas en el catálogo de los ortópteros de Cataluña................................................. 154 Anexo III. Cuadro Sinóptico de la ortopterofauna catalana ...................... 159 Figuras A-H, 1-428 .................................................... 162 Mapas 1-175......................................................... 206 a Revisión de los ortópteros (Insecta: Orthoptera) de Cataluña 1 Revisión de los ortópteros (Insecta: Orthoptera) de Cataluña (España) David Llucià Pomares c/ S. Jaume 8, casa 1, 08184 Palau Solità i Plegamans (Barcelona) ESPAÑA Resumen: Han transcurrido 100 años desde la publicación del último catálogo de ortópteros de Cataluña (Navàs, 1901). En este tiempo, muchas han sido las aportaciones efectuadas por numerosos especialistas, que de forma dispersa han contribuido a incrementar el conocimiento de esta fauna. Con este trabajo se recopila y actualiza toda esta información, enriqueciéndola con la aportación de más de 2.600 citas inéditas que, en su mayor parte, provienen del estudio de las colecciones del Museo de Zoología de Barcelona y de la del propio autor. Esta puesta al día ha dado como primer resultado una lista de 175 especies y subespecies y 27 subfamilias, cifras que si bien se acercan más a la realidad de lo que debe ser la ortopterofauna catalana, no deben en ningún caso considerarse definitivas. Además se cree probable o muy probable la presencia de otras 25 especies (Anexo I), que habitan en áreas proximas o adyacentes a la región y que en un futuro pueden ser localizadas en su territorio. Para la correcta separación taxonómica de todas estas especies y otras que también son citadas en este estudio (más de 200 en total), se incluyen unas claves dicotómicas ilustradas con 428 figuras que deben facilitar su identificación a cualquier interesado en el grupo. Como novedades más relevantes, se citan por vez primera para la fauna española o ibérica a Antaxius chopardi Morales, 1936, Gomphocerippus rufus Roberts, 1941, y Omocestus petraeus (Brisout, 1855), al tiempo que se amplía a la mitad septentrional de la Península el área de distribución de Chorthippus reissingeri Harz, 1973, stat. n. (se aportan pruebas sobre la nueva identidad taxonómica de esta última especie, realizándose un estudio morfológico que la separa de las especies más próximas del género). Asimismo, se confirma de este mismo ámbito la presencia de Tropidopola cylindrica cylindrica (Marschall, 1836), que se indica de unas pocas localidades de las provincias de Lleida y Huesca (primeras citas paras las regiones de Cataluña y Aragón). Respecto a obras precedentes (Navàs, 1901; Herrera, 1982) el conocimiento faunístico del orden en la región se ve incrementado en un 55 %, incluyéndose un total de 26 especies y tres subfamilias (Myrmecophilinae, Akicerinae y Tropidopolinae) que no habían sido señaladas de su territorio o cuya presencia era muy dudosa y requería confirmación. Por contra, se invalidan las citas pertenecientes a otras 10 especies (Anexo II) por considerarse erróneas, excluyéndose de la ortopterofauna catalana además de estas especies, a Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal, 1775) por no reproducirse y encontrarse únicamente de forma accidental en su territorio. Finalmente, se discute la validez de Antaxius capellei Cazurro, 1888, estableciéndose su sinonimia con Antaxius hispanicus Bolívar, 1877 (=Antaxius capellei Cazurro, 1888, syn. n.) Para la mayor parte de las especies aceptadas como pertenecientes a la ortopterofauna de la región y en forma de comentarios, se incluye información sobre distintos aspectos de su biología (hábitos ecológicos, presencia en altitud, manifestaciones acústicas, ciclo fenológico, etc.), que en muchos casos es novedosa. Asimismo se detallan sus respectivas distribuciones generales, ibéricas y catalanas, quedando estas últimas reflejadas en los correspondientes mapas de distribución con la división comarcal. De la observación de las áreas de ocupación de las distintas especies y de la mayor o menor concentración de referencias en las diferentes zonas de la región se han obtenido, entre otras, las siguientes conclusiones: las especies más extendidas en Cataluña son Calliptamus barbarus barbarus (Costa, 1836), Oedipoda caerulescens caerulescens (Linneo, 1758) y Omocestus rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1821) entre los Caelifera; y Ruspolia nitidula nitidula (Scopoli, 1786), Gryllus campestris Linneo, 1758, y Phaneroptera nana nana Fieber, 1853 entre los Ensifera. Las provincias con mayor diversidad y que, a la vez, el conocimiento que se tiene de su ortopterofauna es más elevado, son Lleida (133 especies) y Barcelona (123 especies); por contra, las zonas en las que sería necesario incrementar los muestreos por estar poco estudiadas, son las del extremo meridional de la región (provincia de Tarragona) y área de la Depresión Central. El interés del conjunto de estos 175 taxones comentados no sólo radica en su alto número, que sitúan a la fauna de ortópteros de Cataluña como la más diversificada de la Península Ibérica (en términos relativos cuanto menos si se observa su extensión) y una de las más ricas del continente europeo, sino y muy especialmente en sus aspectos cualitativos. Así, entre sus representantes se contabilizan 37 endemismos (10 de ellos exclusivos de la
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