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Relevant Data to Understand Migration in the EU REPORT

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Relevant Data to Understand Migration in the EU REPORT www.reminder-project.eu Relevant Data to Understand Migration in the EU REPORT Authors: Katrin Marchand Veronika Fajth Melissa Siegel Published October 2019 Relevant data to understand migration in the EU Main report Authors: Katrin Marchand, Veronika Fajth, Melissa Siegel Submitted: August 2019 Report prepared as part of the REMINDER project www.reminder-project.eu Correspondence address: Dr. Katrin Marchand Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, UNU-MERIT | Maastricht University Boschstraat 24, 6211 AX Maastricht, The Netherlands [email protected] This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 727072 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Vittorio Bruni, Tamta Gelashvili, Craig Loschmann, Clotilde Mahé, Gustaf Renman, Sarah Roeder, and Zachary Strain for their assistance in the preparation of this report as well as the working papers on which it is based. We extend our gratitude to those that provided feedback on prior versions of this work as well as the experts who took time to speak with us and shared their knowledge, significantly improving the quality of this report. We also thank Roland Hosner for his helpful comments and suggestions throughout this project. 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ 1 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. 5 List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 9 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 10 2. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Defining Intra-European Migration .......................................................................................... 13 2.2 Mapping Data Sources on Intra-European Migration .............................................................. 15 2.3 Mapping the Patterns and Dynamics of Intra-European Migration ........................................ 19 3. The Institutional Framework and Evolution of European Migration Data Collection ......... 23 4. The Main Types of Data on Intra-European Migration ...................................................... 28 4.1 Administrative Data ................................................................................................................. 28 4.1.1 Population Registers ............................................................................................................ 29 4.1.2 Censuses .............................................................................................................................. 30 4.1.3 Administrative Records ........................................................................................................ 31 4.2 Surveys ..................................................................................................................................... 32 5. Most Suitable Datasets for Researching Intra-European Migration ................................... 35 5.1 Databases Based on Administrative Information .................................................................... 35 5.1.1 International Online (Administrative) Databases ................................................................ 35 5.1.2 National Statistical Institutes as Complementary Data Sources ......................................... 41 5.2 Survey-Based Data ................................................................................................................... 45 5.2.1 Cross-National Surveys ........................................................................................................ 45 5.2.2 National Surveys .................................................................................................................. 51 6. Stocks of Intra-EU Migrants .............................................................................................. 54 6.1 Available Statistics and Remaining Challenges ........................................................................ 54 6.2 Identified Patterns ................................................................................................................... 56 6.2.1 Total Stocks of Intra-EU Migrants ....................................................................................... 56 6.2.2 Intra-EU Immigrant Stocks for Individual EU28 Countries ..................................................... 5 2 6.2.3 Intra-EU Emigrant Stocks for Individual EU28 Countries ..................................................... 14 6.2.4 Bilateral Stocks of Intra-EU Migrants .................................................................................. 21 7. Migration Flows within the European Union ..................................................................... 26 7.1 Available Statistics and Remaining Challenges ........................................................................ 26 7.2 Identified Patterns ................................................................................................................... 30 7.2.1 Total Flows of Intra-EU Migrants ........................................................................................ 30 7.2.2 Intra-EU Inflows for Individual EU28 Countries ................................................................... 35 7.2.3 Intra-EU Outflows for Individual EU28 Countries ................................................................ 44 7.2.4 Intra-EU Migration Corridors (Bilateral Flows) .................................................................... 53 8. Reasons Driving Migration within the European Union ..................................................... 63 8.1 Reasons for Intra-EU Migration ............................................................................................... 63 8.1.1 Available Statistics and Remaining Challenges ................................................................... 63 8.1.2 Identified Patterns ............................................................................................................... 66 8.2 Labour Migration ..................................................................................................................... 71 8.2.1 Available Statistics and Remaining Challenges ................................................................... 71 8.2.2 Identified Patterns ............................................................................................................... 72 8.3 Student Migration .................................................................................................................... 73 8.3.1 Available Statistics and Remaining Challenges ................................................................... 73 8.3.2 Identified Patterns ............................................................................................................... 76 9. Irregular Migration ............................................................................................................ 78 9.1 Available Statistics and Remaining Challenges ........................................................................ 78 9.2 Identified Patterns ................................................................................................................... 81 10. Monitoring Lifetime/ Multiple Migrations ..................................................................... 84 10.1 Available Statistics and Remaining Challenges ........................................................................ 84 10.2 Identified Patterns ................................................................................................................... 87 11. Short-Term and Circular Migration, Cross-Border Commuting and Return Migration ... 89 11.1 Available Statistics ................................................................................................................... 89 11.2 Identified Patterns ................................................................................................................... 91 11.2.1 Return Migration ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 12. Conclusion and Recommendations ............................................................................... 94 12.1 Summary: Key Gaps in Intra-EU Migration Statistics ............................................................... 97 3 12.2 Recommendations for Policy-Makers and Lead Statisticians .................................................. 99 12.3 Recommendations for Future Research ................................................................................ 101 References .............................................................................................................................. 103 Annex ...................................................................................................................................... 106 Annex I – List of Interviewed Experts .................................................................................................
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