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Complete and Unabridged The -.-.. 00 ~ ® Foreword, Bill Gates General Editor, Ray Duncan Olympus et al. 1107 ---'"'------------~--- -- The MS-DOS Encyclopedia ·.~ The Encyclopedia Microsoft Press Redmond, Washington 1988 Ray Duncan, General Editor Foreword by Bill Gates Published by Microsoft Press A Division of Microsoft Corporation 16011 NE 36th Way, Box 97017, Redmond, Washington 98073-9717 Copyright © 1988 by Microsoft Press All rights reserved No part of the contents of this book Encyclopedia Staff may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The MS-DOS encyclopedia : versions 1 O through 3 .2 / Editor-in-Chief: Susan Lammers editor, Ray Duncan Editorial Ditector: Patricia Pratt p cm Includes indexes Senior· Editor: Dorothy l Shattuck 1 MS-DOS (Computer operating system) I Duncan, Ray, 1952- II Microsoft Press Senior· Technical Editor: David l Rygmyr QA76 76 063M74 1988 87-21452 005 4'4~-dc19 CIP Special Projects Editor: Sally A. Brunsman ISBN l-55615-174-8 Editorial Coordinator: Sarah Hersack Printed and bound in the United States of America 123456789RMRM321098 Associate Editors and Technical Editots: Distributed to the book trade in the Pamela Beason, Ann Becherer, Bob Combs, United States by Harper & Row Michael Halvorson, Jeff Hinsch, Dean Holmes, Distributed to the book trade in Chris Kinata, Gary Masters, Claudette Moore, Canada by General Publishing Company, ltd Steve Ross, Roger Shanafelt, Eric Stroo, Distributed to the book trade outside the Lee I homas, JoAnne Woodcock United States and Canada by Penguin Books Ltd Copy Chief: Brianna Morgan Prooffeaders: Penguin Books ltd , Harmondsworth, Middlesex England Kathleen Atkins, Julie Carter, Elizabeth Penguin Books Australia ltd Ringwood, Victoria, Australia Eisenhood, Matthew Eliot, Patrick Forgette, Penguin Books NZ ltd, 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand Alex Hancock, Richard Isomaki, Shawn Peck, r British Cataloging in Publication Data available I Alice Copp Smith I Editorial Assistants: Wallis Bolz, Charles Brod, IBM®, IBM AT®, PS/2®, and Top View® are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation GW-BASIC®, Microsoft® MS® MS-DOS®, SOFTCARD® and XENIX® are registered trademarks of Stephen Brown, Pat Erickson, Debbie Kem, Susanne Microsoft Corporation McRhoton, Vilm Nguyen, Cheryl VanGeystel Microsoft Press gratefully acknowledges permission to reproduce material listed below Index: Shane-Aimstrong Information Services Page 4: Courtesy The Computer Museum Pages 5, 11, 42: Intel 4004, 8008, 8080, 8086, and 80286 microprocessor photographs Courtesy Intel Corporation Production: larry Anderson, Jane Bennett, Rick Page 6: Reprinted from Popular Electronics, January 1975 Copyright © 1975 Ziff Communications Company Bourgoin, Darcie S Fur Ian, Nick Gregoric, Peggy Page 13: Reprinted with permission of Rod Brock Herman, Iisa Iversen, Rebecca Johnson, Ruth Pettis, Page 16: Reprinted with permission of The Seattle Times Copyright© 1983 Russell Steele, Jean Ifenary, Joy Ulskey Pages 19, 34, 42: IBM PC advertisements and photographs of the PC, PC/XT~ and PC/AT reproduced with l permission of International Business Machines Corporation Copyright© 1981, 1982, 1984 All rights reserved Matketing and Sales Dir'ectol! James Brown Page 21: 'Big IBM's 1 ittle Computer' Copyright© 1981 by The New York Times Company Reprinted by permission Dir'ector of Pt'Oduction: Christopher D Banks ' IBM Announces Ne.w Microcomputer System· Reprinted with permission of InfoWorld Copyright© 1981 IBM really gets personal" Reprinted with permission of Personal Computing Copyright© 1981 Publishei·: Min S Yee 'Personal Computer from IBM Reprinted from DATA MAI ION Magazine October 1981 Copyright © by Cahners Publishing Company IBM's New line likely to Shake up the Market for Personal Computers Reprinted by permission of I he Wall Street journal Copyright© Dow Jones & Company, Inc. 1981 All Rights Re.served Page 36: Irresistible DOS 3 O and "The Ascent of DOS Reprinted from PC Tech journal December 1984 and October 1986 Copyright© 1984 1986 Ziff Communications Company ' MS~DOS 2 00: A Hands-On Tutorial" Reprinted by permission of PC World from Volume 1, Issue 3 March 1983, published at 501 Second Street, Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94107 Special thanks to Bob O'Rear; Aaron Reynolds, and Kenichi Ikeda Contributors Ray Duncan, Genet·alEditm Duncan received a BA. in Chemistry from the University of Califor- nia, Riverside, and an M D. from the University of California, Los Angeles, and subsequently received specialized training in Pediatrics and Neonatology at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles He has written many articles for personal computing magazines, including BYTE PC Magazine, Dr. Dobb's Journal and 'So/talk/PC, and is the author of the Microsoft Press book Advanced MS-DO.S He is the founder of Laboratory Microsystems Incorporated a software house specializing in FORJ H interpreters and compilers Sreve Bostwick Bostwick holds a B.S in Physics from the University of California, Los Angeles, and has over 20 years' experience in scientific and commercial data processing. He is president of Query Computing Systems, Inc , a software firm specializing in the creation of systems for applications that interface microcomputers with specialized hardware He is also an instructor for the UCI A Extension Department ofEngineering and Science and helped design their popular Microprocessor Hardware and Software Engineering Certificate Program Keith Burgoyne Born and raised in Orange County, California, Burgoyne began programming in 1974 on IBM 370 mainframes. In 1979, he began developing microcomputer products for Apples, TRS"80s, Ataris, Commodores, and IBM PCs He is presently Senior Systems Engineer at Local Data of Ibrrance, California, which is a major producer of IBM 3174/3274 and System 3X protocol conversion products His pr~vious writing credits include numerous user manuals and tutorials Robert A. Byet's Byers is the author of the bestselling Everyman '.s Database Primer. He is presently involved with the Emerald Bay database project with RSPI and Migent, Inc Thom Hogan During 11 years working with personal computers, Hogan has been a software devel- oper, a programmer, a technical writer, a marketing manager; and a lecturer He has written six books numerous magazine articles, and four manuals. Hogan is the author of the forthcoming Microsoft Press book PC Programmer '.s Sourcebook. /imK,yk Kyle has 23 years' experience in computing Since 1967 he has been a systems program­ mer with strong telecommunications orientation His interest in microcomputers dates from 1975 He is currently MIS Administrator for BI I Systems, Inc , the OEM Division of Banclec Inc manufacturers of MICR equipment for the banking industry He has written 14 books and numerous magazine articles (mostly on ham radio and hobby electronics) and has been primary Forum Administrator for Computer Language Magazine s Cl MFORUlvI on CompuServe since early 1985 Gordon Letwin I.etwin is Chief Architect Systems Software Microsoft Corporation He is the author of Jn')fde OS/2, published by Microsoft Press Charles Petzold Petzold holds an M S in Mathematics from Stevens Institute of Technology Before launching his writing career, he worked 10 years in the insurance industry, programming and teaching programming on IBM mainframes and PCs He is the author of the Microsoft Press book Programming Windows 2 0, a contributing editor to PC Magazine and a frequent contributor to the Microsoft ~ystems Journal Chip Rabi'IWWitz Rabinowitz has been a programmer for 11 years He is presently chief program­ mer for Productivity Solutions, a microcomputer consulting firm based in Pennsylvania and has been Forum Administrator for the CompuServe MICROSOFT SIG since 1986 i ' Contributors Vii Jim Tomlin Tomlin holds a B S and an M.S in Mathematics He has programmed at Boeing Microsoft, and Opcon and has taught at Seattle Pacific. University He now heads his own company in Seattle, which specializes in PC systems programming and industrial machine vision applications Contents Richard Wilton Wilton has programmed extensively in PI /1, FORTRAN, FORTH, C, and several assembly languages He is the author of Programmer ·s Guide to PC & PS/2 Video ~ystems, published by Microsoft Press Foreword by Bill Gates Van WolveTton A professional writer since 1963, Wolverton has had bylines as a newspaper reporter, xiii editorial writer, political columnist, and technical writer He is the author of Running },f.S-DOS and Preface by Ray Duncan X'V S'upercha-rging MS-DOS, both published by Microsoft Press Introduction xvii Willlam Wong Wong holds engineering and computer science degrees from Georgia Ie.-ch and Rutgers University He is director of PC labs and president of Logic Fusion Inc. His interests include Section I: The Development of MS-DOS 1 operating systems, computer languages, and artificial intelligence He has written numerous magazine articles anda book on MS-DOS Section II: Programming in the MS-DOS Environment 47 /oAnne Woodcock Woodcock, a former senior editor at Microsoft Press, has been a writer for Part A: Structur·e of MS-DOS Encyclopaedia Britannica and a freelance and project editor on marine biological studies at the University of Southern California She is co-editor (with Michael Halvorson) of _KEND< at Wor:k and Article 1: An Introduction to MS-DOS 51 co-author (with Peter Rinearson) of Microsoft Word
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    ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● How to access your CD files The print edition of this book includes a CD. To access the CD files, go to http://aka.ms/626195/files, and look for the Downloads tab. Note: Use a desktop web browser, as files may not be accessible from all ereader devices. Questions? Please contact: [email protected] Microsoft Press Additional Resources for Developers from Microsoft Press ® ® Published and Forthcoming Titles on Microsoft Visual Studio Visual Basic Programming Microsoft Data Access Inside Microsoft Windows Visual C# 2008: Communication Foundation ® Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 The Language Microsoft ADO.NET 2.0 Justin Smith Step by Step Express Edition: Donis Marshall 978-0-7356-2306-4 Build a Program Now! 978-0-7356-2540-2 Rebecca M. Riordan Patrice Pelland 978-0-7356-2164-0 Other 978-0-7356-2541-9 Programming Microsoft Programming Microsoft Developer Topics Visual C# 2005: Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 The Language ADO.NET 2.0 Debugging Microsoft Step by Step Core Reference Donis Marshall .NET 2.0 Applications Michael Halvorson 978-0-7356-2181-7 David Sceppa John Robbins 978-0-7356-2537-2 978-0-7356-2206-7 978-0-7356-2202-9 Programming Microsoft Microsoft Visual Basic 2005 Visual C# 2005: Programming the Microsoft I. M. Wright’s “Hard Code” Step by Step The Base Class Library ADO.NET Entity Framework Eric Brechner Michael Halvorson Francesco Balena David Sceppa 978-0-7356-2435-1 978-0-7356-2131-2 978-0-7356-2308-8 978-0-7356-2529-7 The Practical Guide to ® Programming Windows CLR via C#, Programming Microsoft Defect