DOCSLIB.ORG

A Postmodern Identity Intrusion Into Charandas Chor by Habib Tanvir

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Postmodern Identity Intrusion Into Charandas Chor by Habib Tanvir ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 14, 2020 HERO AND ROBIN HOODS: A POSTMODERN IDENTITY INTRUSION INTO CHARANDAS CHOR BY HABIB TANVIR Dr. Avishek Deb Assistant Professor Department of English, GLA University, Mathura, U.P. 281406. E-mail id: [email protected] Received: 14 March 2020 Revised and Accepted: 8 July 2020 When a collective rebellion cannot be tuned against an oppressive apparatus, folklore has often referred to a symbolic alternative form of rebellion where a certain outlaw‘s heroism is rather celebrated by the commoners, as these vigilantes defy the corrosive administration, to help the poor. In the acts of these vigilantes, the commoners locate their brewing rebellious spirit which has been battered often by the socio-political hierarchies. Apparently such an outlaw hero can be said to be an individual who commits crimes and feeds on the riches‘ money only to provide for the poor. Commonly it is and has been mistaken as the vigilantes‘ act out of sympathy for the oppressed. However minutely studied, this process of hero-ization depicts an act of unity within the oppressed masses whenever inequity is catered to them on social, political and economic levels by the ruling apparatus. The outlaws (who are eulogised) and the common people in these circumstances are actually interdependent. The first banditry or outlawry might be committed with a sudden surge of violence, but if the felony is committed upon the rich in a region where oppression upon commoners is practised with the firmest hand, these outlaws are eulogised for having harmed the ruling class. If these outlaws choose to help the poor, rather than transforming into a common villain, they may ascend to a heroic status in the eyes of the poor. These outlaw heroes are termed by the Marxist historian Eric Hobsbawm as ‗social bandits‘ in his seminal work, Bandits (1969). He defines the term and its relevance in contemporary society: The point about social bandits is that they are peasant outlaws whom the lord and the state regard as criminals, but who remain in the peasant society, and are considered by their people as heroes, as champions, avengers, fighters for justice, perhaps even leaders of liberation, and in any case as men to be admired, helped and supported. This relation between the ordinary peasant and the rebel, outlaw and robber is what makes social banditry interesting and significant. (Bandits 17-18) He follows it up with the potentiality of social banditry or its impact factor: … reformist or revolutionary, banditry itself does not constitute a social movement. It may be a surrogate for it, as when peasants admire Robin Hoods as their champions, for want of any more positive activity of themselves. It may even be a substitute for it, as when banditry becomes institutionalized among some tough and combative section of the peasantry and actually inhibits the development of other means of struggle. (26) But it is a question posed by many historians, political scientists, and social scientists, whether such nobility in bandit and outlaws can exist at all or not. Anton Blok for example, after coming through Eric Hobsbawm‘s hypothesis doubted if the concept of the heroism was sung by the peasants more than it was performed by the so-called good bandits. He also questioned the lack of distinction in banditry (how a good bandit and a bad bandit can be classified), and argues about the obscurity of the versions of myth. Hobsbawm in a reply letter addressed to the arguments posed by Blok accepts the last objection but also defends his belief in the social bandit: My discussion fails to distinguish clearly between the versions of ‗myth‘ which are held about bandits who are personally known to those who hold it, and versions held by those at a more or less great distance in time and place from them; between what is said about the active bandit now and about the remembered bandit; about the local or remote bandit. These 4201 ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 14, 2020 distinctions have not so far been adequately investigated to my knowledge. I see no reason to believe that such a study would eliminate all living examples of Robin Hoods. (Bandits: Reply 4) Blok actually poses a very important question through Hobsbawm‘s own Marxist paradigm. Before attesting the probability of the social bandits and outlaw heroes, the complexity of this class, as explicated by Marx and Engels, has to be highlighted and studied. While discussing about the June insurrection of the Paris proletariat in 1849, in The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, Karl Marx advances analyzing how the peasantry, could prove as an ally of the working classes in the revolution, and exposes the role of the political parties as proponents of Bonapartism. Karl Marx stated how a bourgeois monarchy of Luis Philippe is succeeded by a bourgeois republic and how the lumpenproletariat joins hands with the bourgeoisie, against the working class. Marx comments: The demands of the Paris proletariat are utopian nonsense, to which an end must be put…. The bourgeois republic triumphed. On its side stood the aristocracy of finance, the industrial bourgeoisie, the middle class, the petty bourgeois, the army, the lumpen proletariat organized as the Mobile Guard, the intellectual lights, the clergy, and the rural population. On the side of the Paris proletariat stood none but itself. More than three thousand insurgents were butchered after the victory, and fifteen thousand were deported without trial. (The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 8) What Marx also tried to suggest is the thirst of this class for easy money when Bonaparte was trying to lure the entire mass with it, it was the lumpenproletariat which fell vulnerable: ―Money as a gift and money as a loan, it was with prospects such as these that he hoped to lure the masses. Donations and loans — the financial science of the lumpen proletariat, whether of high degree or low, is restricted to this‖ (33). He also condemns it as a ―disintegrated mass‖. Even Friedrich Engels disapproves the lumpenproletariat as foes to the proletarian revolutionary motive, ―The lumpenproletariat, this scum of the decaying elements of all classes, which establishes headquarters in all the big cities, is the worst of all possible allies. It is an absolutely venal, an absolutely brazen crew.‖ (The Peasant War in Germany 5) Mao Tse-tung refers to this class as ―vagabond proletariat‖ in his essay ―Analysis of the Various Strata of Chinese Peasantry toward Revolution‖. He understands how oppression and de- industrialisation might have driven them to outlawry or illegal actions, but also points out how least significant these actions of the ‗vagabond proletariats‘ become for the oppressed lot of society. In the first objection raised by Blok (mentioned earlier), dealing with the predominance of ‗mythification‘ above the ‗actual action‘, an outlaw without performing a socially useful action is carved into a larger-than-life image. Eric Hobsbawm agrees about the ambiguous position of bandit heroes (‗Social Bandits: Reply‘ 3) and quotes an extract from his Bandits: He is an outsider and rebel, a poor man who refuses to accept the normal rules of poverty, and establishes his freedom by means of the only resources within reach of the poor, strength, bravery, cunning and determination. This draws him close to the poor: he is one of them. It sets him in opposition to the hierarchy of power, wealth and influence: he is not one of them. At the same time the bandit is, inevitably, drawn into the web of wealth and power, because, unlike other peasants, he acquires wealth and exerts power. He is 'one of us' who is constantly in the process of becoming associated with 'them‘. The more successful he is as a bandit, the more he is both a representative and champion of the poor and a part of the system of the rich. (Bandits 87-88) It is the modernization in the first and the second worlds which is preventing the socio-political and financial conditions to arise among the exploited lot, conditions apt for the birth of Robin Hoods. While devising a post-independence new face of theatrical production in India, Habib Tanvir took recourse to the folk genre basically due to the crudity and simplicity with which social and political issues were held up without imposition, and also the naturalness and the fluency with which the roles were being enacted in the actors‘ mother-tongue. But definitely Habib Tanvir is not a practitioner of ‗pure folk theatre‘. He merely uses the folk elements in the proscenium theatre in order to ferment the proscenium theatre‘s colonial fabric. Anjum Katyal comments in the introductory essay of her book: ―Yet his was not folk theatre, although, since he frequently used material such as folktales, folk songs and rituals in his productions; it is often mistaken for an attempt of it. But this would be a misreading of his work.‖ (Habib Tanvir: Towards an Inclusive Theatre xix) That is why Charandas, the thief in his play Charandas Chor, is more similar to the social bandit or outlaw hero image, like Robin Hood, described in the rural folklore. A Rajasthani folk tale written by Vijaydan Detha, of a so-called thief is the inspiration of this play and a closer look makes it clear how not only Charandas, but the entire culture, piety, traditions, and class interest of the rural community, stand in opposition against an oppressive class consisting of landlords, impious priests, corrupt ministers, and a tyrant monarchy itself. The play is a battle of dignity and perseverance of the resistive existence of the oppressed versus a suppressive force existent in all levels of the establishment.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Of Mice and Maidens: Ideologies of Interspecies Romance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Japan
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2014 Of Mice and Maidens: Ideologies of Interspecies Romance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Japan Laura Nuffer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian Studies Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Nuffer, Laura, "Of Mice and Maidens: Ideologies of Interspecies Romance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Japan" (2014). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1389. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1389 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1389 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Of Mice and Maidens: Ideologies of Interspecies Romance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Japan Abstract Interspecies marriage (irui kon'in) has long been a central theme in Japanese literature and folklore. Frequently dismissed as fairytales, stories of interspecies marriage illuminate contemporaneous conceptions of the animal-human boundary and the anxieties surrounding it. This dissertation contributes to the emerging field of animal studies yb examining otogizoshi (Muromachi/early Edo illustrated narrative fiction) concerning elationshipsr between human women and male mice. The earliest of these is Nezumi no soshi ("The Tale of the Mouse"), a fifteenth century ko-e ("small scroll") attributed to court painter Tosa Mitsunobu. Nezumi no soshi was followed roughly a century later by a group of tales collectively named after their protagonist, the mouse Gon no Kami. Unlike Nezumi no soshi, which focuses on the grief of the woman who has unwittingly married a mouse, the Gon no Kami tales contain pronounced comic elements and devote attention to the mouse-groom's perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservatives in British Government and the Search for a Social Policy 1918-1923
    71-22,488 HOGAN, Neil William, 1936- THE CONSERVATIVES IN BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE SEARCH FOR A SOCIAL POLICY 1918-1923. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 History, modern University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE CONSERVATIVES IN BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE SEARCH FOR A SOCIAL POLICY 1918-1923 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Neil William Hogan, B.S.S., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1971 Approved by I AdvAdviser iser Department of History PREFACE I would like to acknowledge my thanks to Mr. Geoffrey D.M. Block, M.B.E. and Mrs. Critch of the Conservative Research Centre for the use of Conservative Party material; A.J.P. Taylor of the Beaverbrook Library for his encouragement and helpful suggestions and his efficient and courteous librarian, Mr. Iago. In addition, I wish to thank the staffs of the British Museum, Public Record Office, West Sussex Record Office, and the University of Birmingham Library for their aid. To my adviser, Professor Phillip P. Poirier, a special acknowledgement#for his suggestions and criticisms were always useful and wise. I also want to thank my mother who helped in the typing and most of all my wife, Janet, who typed and proofread the paper and gave so much encouragement in the whole project. VITA July 27, 1936 . Bom, Cleveland, Ohio 1958 .......... B.S.S., John Carroll University Cleveland, Ohio 1959 - 1965 .... U.
    [Show full text]
  • British Prime Minister Tony Blair's Decision to Go to War in Iraq
    BRITISH PRIME MINISTER TONY BLAIR’ S DECISION TO GO TO WAR IN IRAQ: AN EVALUATION OF MOTIVATING FACTORS Kimberly LaCoco, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2009 APPROVED: Denis Paz, Major Professor Randolf Campbell, Committee Member Gustav Seligmann, Committee Member Richard McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History Michael Monticino, Interim Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies LaCoco, Kimberly. British Prime Minister Tony Blair’s Decision to Go to War in Iraq: An Evaluation of Motivating Factors. Master of Science (History), May 2009, 136 pp., bibliography, 120 titles. Blair sent British troops to join U.S. forces in the invasion of Iraq in 2003 at great political cost to himself. What motivated him to take this step? Sources for this work include: autobiographies and biographies of individuals close to Blair; journal and newspaper articles and monographs on this topic; Prime Minister’s speeches and press conferences. Part one is comprised of five chapters including the Introduction; Blair’s years at school; Blair’s early political career; and From Parliament to Prime Minister. Part two includes four chapters that analyze motivating factors such as, Anglo-American Relations; Blair’s personality, faith, and his relationship with Gordon Brown; and finally, Blair’s perception of Britain’s Manifest Destiny. All of these factors played a role in Blair’s decision. Copyright 2009 by Kimberly LaCoco ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance I received from Professor Emeritus Sir Brian Harrison who has recently published Seeking a Role: The United Kingdom 1951-1970.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Women Director's Catalogue
    The Canadian Women Director’s Catalogue A COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF WOMEN DIRECTING IN CANADA Copyright © 2011 Nightwood Theatre and the Professional Association of Canadian Theatres. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without written permission from the publishers. ISBN – 10: 0-921129-46-7 ISBN – 13: 978-0-921129-46-2 Nightwood Theatre 55 Mill Street, Suite 301 Case Goods Warehouse, Bldg. No. 74 Toronto ON Canada M5A 3C4 Professional Association of Canadian Theatres (PACT) 215 Spadina Ave, Suite 555 Toronto, ON M5T 2C7 Photo of Maggie Huculak, Gemma James-Smith, Dylan Smith, Sarah Dodd and Clare Coulter by Guntar Kravis Welcome I am so pleased to present to you with The Canadian Women Director’s Catalogue. In 2002, I co-spearheaded Equity in Canadian Theatre: the Women’s Initiative to examine the status of women in Canadian theatre. Over the last ten years Nightwood Theatre has partnered with the Playwrights Guild of Canada and the Professional Association of Canadian Theatres to continue research and advocacy for our country’s female practitioners. One of a number of disconcerting fi ndings, revealed the lack of female Artistic Directors at the country’s larger theatres. Yet another fi nding showed that those women who were Artistic Directors had better track records of hiring female playwrights and directors in their theatres. The solution seemed obvious: promote more women into AD positions across the country. But the monkey wrench, as I saw it, was that unless women had the opportunity to direct on the bigger stages they would never be considered “eligible” when those jobs came up.
    [Show full text]
  • Institutional Responses to Poverty and Prostitution in Philadelphia 1800-1830
    “Come to Virtue ”: Institutional Responses to Poverty and Prostitution In Philadelphia 1800-1830 ____________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The Colorado College ___________________________________________________________ By Alexander Langstaff May 2014 Honor Code Upheld. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction & Social Control in Perspective 3 Chapter 2. Poverty in Philadelphia 13 Chapter 3. The Criminality of Deviance: Poverty and Prostitution as Vice 28 Chapter 4. Case Study: The Philadelphia Almshouse 40 Chapter 5. Case Study: The Magdalen Society of Philadelphia 52 Chapter 6. Concluding Reflections/Conclusion 82 Appendix 85 Bibliography 88 2 Introduction Amidst the folios of fraying papers marked with scribbled handwriting, ink blotches and mysterious notations for the Philadelphia Magdalen Society lies a mysterious white box in the grand reading room at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Inside the box is a large brass seal; it is heavy to hold and slightly tarnished with wear, fitting perfectly into a small stamp machine beside it. The seal’s elegant craftsmanship shimmers in the dull reading room light despite its use and age. It reads, “Come to Virtue” and proudly identifies the Magdalen Society of Philadelphia as incorporated in 1802.1 Latent with symbolism, two Hellenistic figures act out a scene beneath these words that embody the prevailing narrative of redemptive moral reform: a sagacious man beckons the other, female figure to a building identified as the “Asylum”. This crying, hunched female confidante is the Magdalen that is to be redeemed- the embodiment of the modus vivendi underpinning the Magdalen Society’s fascinating existence as a 19th century reformatory organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Stories of Struggle.Docx
    This is a summary of some key movements in British history. It is by no means exhaustive and doesn’t do justice to the struggles covered, in that we can’t describe them in the detail they deserve, but it does point to moments in time when change has occurred for the better, and identifies possible lessons for those of us fighting for progressive change today. Ordinary people daring to make demands for radical democratic reform Chartism was a political movement that arose in the 1840s in response to the profound changes Britain had been through in the industrial revolution, which had created large urban concentrations of working poor for the first time. Despite these numbers of urban labourers, the country was still run in the undemocratic, corrupt way it had been before industrialisation, and the vast majority of people could not vote. Chartism’s demands were very radical for the time, but had the support of huge numbers of people. The Charter on which the movement derived its name called for six political or constitutional concessions: The vote for all men of 21 years of age and older The ballot - for the security of the vote (in effect, an anti-corruption measure) No property qualifications for MP candidates - anyone could stand for Parliament, not just the rich Salaries for MPs - which didn’t exist at the time, but was required if working class people were going to be able to stand for Parliament Equal constituencies - each MP to represent an approximately equal number of voters (an end to corrupt practices such as the infamous ‘rotten boroughs’) Annual parliaments - so that if an MP broke their election promises they could be fairly quickly removed A Chartist gathering at Kennington Common, South London Chartists organised huge rallies across the country, and on the back of these were able to present to Parliament the biggest petitions in British history for these demands.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cat and Mouse Act: Deconstructing Hegemonic Masculinity in Edwardian Britain
    The Cat and Mouse Act: Deconstructing Hegemonic Masculinity in Edwardian Britain by Allison Kilgannon B.A., University of the Fraser Valley, 2008 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History Faculty of Arts and Social Science Allison Kilgannon 2012 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2012 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for “Fair Dealing.” Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Partial Copyright Licence iii Abstract The Cat and Mouse Act was the soubriquet assigned to the notorious Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill-Health) Bill introduced to British Parliament by the Rt. Hon. Reginald McKenna in March 1913. This Bill garnered intense media attention, inflamed many Members of Parliament, and sparked a backlash of angry protest by supporters of the women’s vote. The Cat and Mouse Act was an emergency measure meant to apply to a specific group of radical women known as the suffragettes, who hunger-struck when imprisoned for carrying out illegal and frequently violent acts to pressure Parliament to give women the vote. The Cat and Mouse Act was presented as a way to alleviate the hunger-strike, but it also was meant to control the suffragettes’ mobility and provide a deterrent to their illegal activities. This legislation became a dangerous and ineffective tool of Parliament to control the suffragettes, as well as an incitement to the suffragettes to continue radical demonstrations for the vote.
    [Show full text]
  • The William Harris Papers
    The William Harris Papers Marymount Manhattan College 221 East 71st Street New York, New York 10021 Archives Collection #001 Processed October 2, 2001 Mary Elizabeth Brown William Balber (Billy) Harris was born April 9, 1951, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was an alumnus of the Lawrenceville School and of Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut. Upon graduation, he moved to New York. At one time, he lived on Reade Street in Tribeca, and at the time of his death, he lived in #7C at 160 Front Street near the Fulton Fish Market.1 He divided his time between two kinds of writing, one being business writing. He was a staff writer for Forbes Magazine and Institutional Investor and managing editor of Treasury and Risk Management and The Daily Deal. He was also a drama and dance critic. He became interested in the theater in Pittsburgh, where he worked designing props under Peter Chandler of Periwig Productions, and at the Kirby Arts Center. He recalled coming to New York from Pittsburgh at the age of 17 to pay $9 to see a performance of Hair.2 He was the theater editor for the SoHo Weekly News and managing editor of Theatre Crafts Magazine. He also wrote articles, criticism and reviews for Art Forum, Brooklyn Bridge, The New York Times, The Newark Star Ledger, and The Village Voice. It was in the course of this work that he amassed his collection of papers. Mr. Harris died of a massive coronary July 27, 2000, in New York City at the age of 49. He was survived by his mother Vivienne, of Pittsburgh; his sister, Ellen, who lived in Denver, and his brother John, a physician in the San Francisco area.
    [Show full text]
  • Background and Context Adobe PDF (453.43
    Stand Up and be Counted! Suffrage and gender in Ireland during the Decade of Centenaries and beyond Decade of Centenaries and wider historical background Stand up and be counted! Suffrage and gender in Ireland during the Decade of Centenaries and beyond The attainment of female suffrage in Ireland in the 1920s was influenced by a variety of social, economic and political factors, particularly the events of what we call the Decade of Centenaries period, 1912-1922. Influences include: Home Rule and the Home Rule Crisis Political opinion Labour relations and class divisions The First World War Violence and Partition Suffrage and suffragettes Questions of historical cause and effect regarding the development of the complex and shifting currents of political and cultural life in Irish society during the early 1900s cannot be definitively answered, though we know that it was primarily in this period that the character of social life evolved in the two parts of the island partitioned into separate states after 1922, Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State. An array of extracts from the archives of PRONI, in the next section, documents some of the nuanced and interwoven narratives, both local and global, which influenced the situation of women in Ireland at this time. The following information is included to give an overview of some of the key concepts, organisations and events which led to or occurred during the Decade of Centenaries; and which influenced suffrage in Ireland. This should help contextualise the PRONI material included in this resource, and give some background information on some of the characters who created these archives.
    [Show full text]
  • Openness to Argument: a Philosophical Examination of Marxism and Freudianism
    Openness to Argument: A Philosophical Examination of Marxism and Freudianism Ray Scott Percival PhD London School of Economics and Political Science UMI Number: U047952 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U047952 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I H-a&eS, p 6°i\o 2 Abstract No evangelistic erroneous network of ideas can guarantee the satisfaction of these two demands : (1) propagate the network without revision and (2) completely insulate itself against losses in credibility and adherents through criticism. If a network of ideas is false, or inconsistent or fails to solve its intended problem, or unfeasible, or is too costly in terms of necessarily forsaken goals, its acceptability may be undermined given only true assumptions and valid arguments. People prefer to adopt ideologies that (i) are logically consistent, (ii) are more truth-like and of higher information content than their rivals, (iii) are systematically organised, (iv) solve their problems better than their rivals, (v) do not contain unfeasible demands, and (vi) do not contain uneconomic demands.
    [Show full text]
  • The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm
    THE ORIGINAL FOLK AND FAIRY TALES OF THE BROTHERS GRIMM Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford Copyright © 2014 by Princeton University Press Illustrations copyright © Andrea Dezsö 2014 Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu Jacket illustration and design © Andrea Dezsö. All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Grimm, Jacob, 1785–1863. [Kinder- und Hausmärchen. English. 2015] The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm : the Complete First Edition / [Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm ; translated by] Jack Zipes ; [illustrated by Andrea Dezsö]. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-16059-7 (hardback : acid-free paper) 1. Fairy tales—Germany. 2. Tales— Germany. 3. Folklore—Germany. I. Grimm, Wilhelm, 1786–1859. II. Zipes, Jack, 1937– III. Dezsö, Andrea. IV. Title. GR166.G54313 2015 398.20943—dc23 2014004127 British Library Cataloging-­in-­Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Garamond Premier Pro Printed on acid-­free paper. ∞ Printed in Canada 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Bianca Lazzaro and Carmine Donzelli, whose friendship has sparked my life and my interest in folk and fairy tales CONTENTS List of Figures xv Acknowledgments xvii Introduction: Rediscovering the Original Tales of the Brothers Grimm xix Note on the Text and Translation xlv Volume I preface to volume i 3 1. The Frog King, or Iron Henry (Der Froschkönig oder der eiserne Heinrich) 13 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Tcg Publications Catalog
    TCG PUBLICATIONS CATALOG TCG BOOKS 53RD STATE PRESS AURORA METRO BOOKS CHANCE MAGAZINE LEAGUE OF PROFESSIONAL THEATRE WOMEN MARTIN E. SEGAL THEATRE CENTER PUBLICATIONS NICK HERN BOOKS OBERON BOOKS PADUA PLAYWRIGHTS PRESS PAJ PUBLICATIONS PLAYSCRIPTS, INC. PLAYWRIGHTS CANADA PRESS UBU REPERTORY THEATER PUBLICATIONS For over 50 years, Theatre Communications Group (TCG), the national organization for the American theatre, has existed to strengthen, nurture and promote the professional not-for-profit American theatre. TCG’s constituency has grown from a handful of groundbreaking theatres to nearly 700 member theatres and affiliate organizations and more than 12,000 individuals nationwide. TCG offers its members networking and knowledge-building opportunities through conferences, events, research and communications; awards grants, approximately $2 million per year, to theatre companies and individual artists; advocates on the federal level; and serves as the U.S. Center of the International Theatre Institute, connecting its constituents to the global theatre community. TCG is North America’s largest independent publisher of dramatic literature, with 13 Pulitzer Prizes for Best Play on the TCG booklist. It also publishes the award-winning AMERICAN THEATRE magazine and ARTSEARCH®, the essential source for a career in the arts. In all of its endeavors, TCG seeks to increase the organizational efficiency of its member theatres, cultivate and celebrate the artistic talent and achievements of the field and promote a larger public understanding of, and appreciation for, the theatre. For more information, visit www.tcg.org. 2-21 TCG Books is the largest trade publisher of dramatic literature in North America with a booklist that includes 13 Pulitzer Prize winners.
    [Show full text]