DOCSLIB.ORG

2017 State of Wind Development in the United States by Region April 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2017 State of Wind Development in the United States by Region April 2018 2017 State of Wind Development in the United States by Region April 2018 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. 2017 State of Wind Development in the United States by Region Frank Oteri, Ruth Baranowski, Ian Baring-Gould, and Suzanne Tegen National Renewable Energy Laboratory Suggested Citation Oteri, Frank, Ruth Baranowski, Ian Baring-Gould, and Suzanne Tegen. 2018. 2017 State of Wind Development in the United States by Region. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/ TP-5000-70738. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70738.pdf. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report 15013 Denver West Parkway NREL/TP-5000-70738 Golden, CO 80401 April 2018 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This manuscript has been authored by employees of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (“Alliance”) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”). This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content. Acknowledgments The authors thank the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Wind Energy Technologies Office for funding the Regional Resource Centers, this report, and broader stakeholder engagement and education efforts such as the WINDExchange initiative. The authors also thank DOE’s Jocelyn Brown-Saracino, Maggie Yancey, Lillie Ghobrial, and Liz Hartman for their leadership and guidance. Thanks to the Regional Resource Centers for their work and contributions to this document: • Four Corners Wind Resource Center: Amanda Ormond, Sarah Propst, Sarah Wright, Karin Wadsack, Mitalee Gupta, Fletcher Wilkinson • Islanded Grid Resource Center: Suzanne MacDonald, Stephanie Nowers, Chris Rose, Brooks Winner • Midwest Wind Energy Center: Lisa Daniels, Dan Turner, Tom Wind • Northeast Wind Resource Center: Deborah Donovan, Benjamin Brown, Bob Patton, Jake McDermott, Diana Chace, Warren Leon, Val Stori • Northwest Wind Resource and Action Center: Diane Broad, Mia Devine, Michael O’Brien, Rachel Shimshak, David Wolf, Cameron Yourkowski • Southeast Wind Energy Resource Center: Paul Gayes, Mary Hallisey Hunt, Stephen Kalland, Katharine Kollins, Jonathan Miles. Thanks to Brian Smith and Daniel Laird from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for their review of this report. Also thanks to Corrie Christol and Bethany Straw who work to support our regional stakeholder engagement projects. i This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 4CWRC Four Corners Wind Resource Center BLM Bureau of Land Management BOEM Bureau of Ocean Energy Management BPA Bonneville Power Administration CAISO California Independent System Operator CNMI Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands DOE U.S. Department of Energy EIM energy imbalance market ETI Energy Transition Initiative GCAMP Georgia Coastal and Marine Planner IGRC Islanded Grid Resource Center IRP integrated resource plan JEDI Jobs and Economic Development Impacts JMU James Madison University kW kilowatt kWh kilowatt-hour MW megawatt MISO Midcontinent Independent System Operator MWEC Midwest Wind Energy Center NAWEA North American Wind Energy Academy NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory NWRC Northeast Wind Resource Center NW Wind Center Northwest Wind Resource and Action Center NYSERDA New York State Energy Research and Development Authority ii This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications PURPA Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act REopt Renewable Energy Planning and Optimization RFP request for proposals RPS renewable portfolio standard RRC Regional Resource Center SWERC Southeast Wind Energy Resource Center USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service iii This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications Executive Summary Although the wind capacity installed by the end of 2016 is estimated, in an average year, to equate to 6.4% of electricity demand in the United States, wind energy has the potential to meet even more of our country’s demand for energy (U.S. Department of Energy 2017c). In 2016, the industry took a major step forward with the commissioning of the nation’s first offshore project, the 30-MW Block Island project in Rhode Island. Another exciting development in 2017 was wind energy becoming the largest source of renewable electric capacity in the United States (and the fourth largest overall) (American Wind Energy Association 2018). Additionally, corporate and other non-utility purchases of wind energy continue to influence expansion across the country. With more than 1,500 megawatts of power purchase agreements signed in 2016 and multiple new agreements signed in 2017 by companies such as Kimberly-Clark, Google, General Motors, Anheuser-Busch, Cummins, and JP Morgan Chase, this growing market enhances the long-term installation prospects for the wind industry moving forward. Despite this growth, continued expansion of wind energy development will be required to achieve the scenarios outlined in the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE)’s Wind Vision: 20% wind energy by 2030 and 35% wind energy by 2050. Researchers at DOE’s national laboratories have conducted analyses and determined that innovation in wind technology can have consequential implications for future wind power development throughout the United States, and it can impact the broader electricity system, lower electric system and consumer costs, provide potential environmental benefits, and expand the U.S. wind workforce (Mai et al. 2017). The wind industry and the DOE’s Wind Energy Technologies Office are addressing technical wind energy challenges, such as reducing turbine costs and increasing energy production and reliability. Turbine nameplate capacity, hub height, and rotor diameter have increased significantly. Turbines originally designed for lower wind speed sites have rapidly gained market share, and pending and proposed projects are continuing the trend of even-taller turbines as lower wind sites appear to be targeted (U.S. Department of Energy 2017c). This turbine scaling is significantly boosting wind project performance, contributing to low power sales prices. Wind power sales prices are at all-time lows, enabling economic competitiveness despite low natural gas prices. Analysts project that annual wind power capacity additions will continue for the next several years before declining, driven by the 5-year extension of the Production Tax Credit signed in December 2015 and the progressive reduction in the value of the credit over time (U.S. Department of Energy 2017c). Demand drivers also include corporate wind energy purchases and state-level renewable energy policies. At the same time, expectations for continued low natural gas prices, modest electricity demand growth, and lower near- term demand from state RPS policies put a damper on growth expectations, as do inadequate transmission infrastructure and competition from solar energy in certain regions of the country. Yet the potential for continued technological advancements and cost reductions enhance the prospects for longer-term growth, as does burgeoning corporate demand for wind energy and continued state RPS requirements. Given these diverse underlying potential trends, wind capacity additions—especially after 2020—remain deeply uncertain (U.S. Department of Energy 2017c). iv This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications Beyond these market trends, the Office also recognizes that human-use conflicts with wind energy can be challenging, depending on the proximity of proposed wind farms to local populations. As wind development expands, more information is becoming available on the local community impacts of wind deployment. However, the public and local decision- makers often cite a lack of scientifically credible information as an issue. In some cases, this information is available but not readily accessible; in others, the information is not conclusive. Where information does exist, it should be made readily available to the public in a user-friendly format. Continued and increased engagement at multiple levels will be
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Applications of Systems Engineering to the Research, Design, And
    Applications of Systems Engineering to the Research, Design, and Development of Wind Energy Systems K. Dykes and R. Meadows With contributions from: F. Felker, P. Graf, M. Hand, M. Lunacek, J. Michalakes, P. Moriarty, W. Musial, and P. Veers NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Technical Report NREL/TP-5000-52616 December 2011 Contract No. DE -AC36-08GO28308 Applications of Systems Engineering to the Research, Design, and Development of Wind Energy Systems Authors: K. Dykes and R. Meadows With contributions from: F. Felker, P. Graf, M. Hand, M. Lunacek, J. Michalakes, P. Moriarty, W. Musial, and P. Veers Prepared under Task No. WE11.0341 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report NREL/TP-5000-52616 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 December 2011 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof.
    [Show full text]
  • Elevated Opportunities for the South with Improved Turbines and Reduced Costs, Wind Farms the South Is a New Frontier for the Wind Industry
    Southern Alliance for Clean Energy October 2014 Advanced Wind Technology Expanded Potential Elevated Opportunities for the South With improved turbines and reduced costs, wind farms The South is a new frontier for the wind industry. now make economic sense in all states across the Advanced wind turbine technology and reduced costs South. Using currently available wind turbine have expanded the resource potential and have made technology, over 134,000 megawatts (MW) of wind wind energy economically feasible in more places in the potential exists within the region - about half as much Southern United States. of the total installed electric utility capacity. Megawatts of Onshore Wind Potential Improved Turbines The biggest changes in wind turbine technology over the past five years include taller turbines and longer blades. Just five years ago, wind turbines with a hub height of 80 meters (about 260 feet) and blade lengths of 40 meters (about 130 feet) were fairly standard. Taller turbines reach stronger, more consistent wind speeds. Hub heights of up to 140 meters (460 feet) are now available for wind farm developers. Longer blades are capable of capturing more wind, thus harnessing slower wind speeds. Blades are now available over 55 meters (180 feet) in length. Reduced Costs Wind energy is now one of the least expensive sources of new power generation in the country. Costs have Source: Adapted from National Renewable Energy Lab 2013 declined by 39% over the past decade for wind speed As can be seen in the chart above, all states in the areas averaging 6 meters per second. This reduced cost particularly applies to the Southeast, a region with South now contain substantial onshore wind energy typically lower wind speeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Opinion and the Environmental, Economic and Aesthetic Impacts of Offshore Wind
    Public Opinion and the Environmental, Economic and Aesthetic Impacts of Offshore Wind * Drew Busha,b , Porter Hoaglandb a Dept. of Geography and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A0B9, Canada1 b Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA E-mail addresses: [email protected]; [email protected] * Corresponding Author for all stages: Drew Bush, (202)640-0333 1 Permanent/Present Address: Drew Bush, PO Box 756, 17 Becker Lane, New Castle, NH 03854 Bush D. & Hoagland, P. 1 Highlights • Early Cape Wind advocates and opposition use impacts to sway uninformed public. • “Extremist" arguments perpetuate uncertainties about impacts in public's mind. • Expert elicitation compares stakeholder understandings of impacts with scientists. • We find "non-extremist" stakeholder attitudes converge with scientists over time. • We hypothesize scientific education at outset may improve planning process. Abstract During ten-plus years of debate over the proposed Cape Wind facility off Cape Cod, Massachusetts, the public’s understanding of its environmental, economic, and visual impacts matured. Tradeoffs also have become apparent to scientists and decision-makers during two environmental impact statement reviews and other stakeholder processes. Our research aims to show how residents’ opinions changed during the debate over this first- of-its-kind project in relation to understandings of project impacts. Our methods included an examination of public opinion polls and the refereed literature that traces public attitudes and knowledge about Cape Wind. Next we conducted expert elicitations to compare trends with the level of understanding held by small groups of scientists and Cape Cod stakeholders.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy from the Wind Student Guide
    2019-2020 Energy From the Wind Student Guide INTERMEDIATE Introduction to Wind Wind Average Wind Speed at 80 Meters Altitude Wind is moving air. You cannot see air, but it is all around you. You cannot see the wind, but you know it is there. Faster than 9.5 m/s (faster than 21.3 mph) 7.6 to 9.4 m/s (17 to 21.2 mph) You hear leaves rustling in the trees. You see clouds moving 5.6 to 7.5 m/s (12.5 to 16.9 mph) across the sky. You feel cool breezes on your skin. You witness 0 to 5.5 m/s (0 to 12.4 mph) the destruction caused by strong winds such as tornadoes and hurricanes. Wind has energy. Wind resources can be found across the country. Science and technology are providing more tools to accurately predict when and where the wind will blow. This information is allowing people to use wind on small and large scales. Wind is an increasingly important part of the United States’ energy portfolio. Data: National Renewable Energy Laboratory The Beaufort Scale BEAUFORT SCALE OF WIND SPEED BEAUFORT At the age of 12, Francis Beaufort joined the NUMBER NAME OF WIND LAND CONDITIONS WIND SPEED (MPH) British Royal Navy. For more than twenty years 0 Calm Smoke rises vertically Less than 1 he sailed the oceans and studied the wind, Direction of wind shown by smoke drift which was the main power source for the 1 Light air 1 - 3 Navy’s fleet. In 1805, he created a scale to rate but not by wind vanes Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, ordinary the power of the wind based on observations 2 Light breeze 4 - 7 of common things around him rather than wind vane moved by wind Leaves and small twigs in constant instruments.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2014 and 2015 Q1 EIA-923 Monthly Time Series File
    SPREADSHEET PREPARED BY WINDACTION.ORG Based on U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2014 and 2015 Q1 EIA-923 Monthly Time Series File Q1'2015 Q1'2014 State MW CF CF Arizona 227 15.8% 21.0% California 5,182 13.2% 19.8% Colorado 2,299 36.4% 40.9% Hawaii 171 21.0% 18.3% Iowa 4,977 40.8% 44.4% Idaho 532 28.3% 42.0% Illinois 3,524 38.0% 42.3% Indiana 1,537 32.6% 29.8% Kansas 2,898 41.0% 46.5% Massachusetts 29 41.7% 52.4% Maryland 120 38.6% 37.6% Maine 401 40.1% 36.3% Michigan 1,374 37.9% 36.7% Minnesota 2,440 42.4% 45.5% Missouri 454 29.3% 35.5% Montana 605 46.4% 43.5% North Dakota 1,767 42.8% 49.8% Nebraska 518 49.4% 53.2% New Hampshire 147 36.7% 34.6% New Mexico 773 23.1% 40.8% Nevada 152 22.1% 22.0% New York 1,712 33.5% 32.8% Ohio 403 37.6% 41.7% Oklahoma 3,158 36.2% 45.1% Oregon 3,044 15.3% 23.7% Pennsylvania 1,278 39.2% 40.0% South Dakota 779 47.4% 50.4% Tennessee 29 22.2% 26.4% Texas 12,308 27.5% 37.7% Utah 306 16.5% 24.2% Vermont 109 39.1% 33.1% Washington 2,724 20.6% 29.5% Wisconsin 608 33.4% 38.7% West Virginia 583 37.8% 38.0% Wyoming 1,340 39.3% 52.2% Total 58,507 31.6% 37.7% SPREADSHEET PREPARED BY WINDACTION.ORG Based on U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Jeffrey Grybowski
    JEFFREY GRYBOWSKI PROFILE Mr. Grybowski is the Chief Executive Officer of Deepwater Wind, where he manages the company’s portfolio of offshore wind and transmission projects. He has been intimately involved in the development of Deepwater Wind’s path-breaking Block Island Wind Farm since its inception in 2008. Mr. Grybowski has been at the forefront of shaping the commercial structures and government policies necessary to support offshore wind in the U.S. He plays a key role in the development of federal and state policies governing the leasing, permitting, and commercialization of offshore wind and transmission projects. Through the advancement of the Block Island Wind Farm, Mr. Grybowski has been a leader in establishing the commercial framework for standing up a new renewable energy industry in the United States. EXPERIENCE Deepwater Wind, LLC, Providence, RI Chief Executive Officer Hinckley, Allen & Snyder, LLP, Providence, RI • Partner, Corporate and Business Law Group • Chair of the Green Law Group Office of the Governor of the State of Rhode Island Chief of Staff, Deputy Chief of Staff, and Policy Director (2003 - 2007) Sullivan & Cromwell, New York, NY Associate, Complex corporate and business law Chambers of Chief Judge Ronald Lagueux, U.S. District Court for the District of RI Judicial Clerk (1998 – 1999) EDUCATION University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Law Juris Doctor with High Honors, 1998 Order of the Coif North Carolina Law Review, Publication Editor Brown University A.B. with Honors in Public Policy, 1993 CHRIS VAN BEEK PROFILE Chris serves as President, where he is responsible for Technology, Operations, Project Management, Construction and Permitting.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzing the Energy Industry in United States
    +44 20 8123 2220 [email protected] Analyzing the Energy Industry in United States https://marketpublishers.com/r/AC4983D1366EN.html Date: June 2012 Pages: 700 Price: US$ 450.00 (Single User License) ID: AC4983D1366EN Abstracts The global energy industry has explored many options to meet the growing energy needs of industrialized economies wherein production demands are to be met with supply of power from varied energy resources worldwide. There has been a clearer realization of the finite nature of oil resources and the ever higher pushing demand for energy. The world has yet to stabilize on the complex geopolitical undercurrents which influence the oil and gas production as well as supply strategies globally. Aruvian's R'search’s report – Analyzing the Energy Industry in United States - analyzes the scope of American energy production from varied traditional sources as well as the developing renewable energy sources. In view of understanding energy transactions, the report also studies the revenue returns for investors in various energy channels which manifest themselves in American energy demand and supply dynamics. In depth view has been provided in this report of US oil, electricity, natural gas, nuclear power, coal, wind, and hydroelectric sectors. The various geopolitical interests and intentions governing the exploitation, production, trade and supply of these resources for energy production has also been analyzed by this report in a non-partisan manner. The report starts with a descriptive base analysis of the characteristics of the global energy industry in terms of economic quantity of demand. The drivers of demand and the traditional resources which are used to fulfill this demand are explained along with the emerging mandate of nuclear energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Jp Elektroprivrede Hz Herceg Bosne
    Vjesnik JP ELEKTROPRIVREDE HZ HERCEG BOSNE CHE Čapljina – 30 godina www.ephzhb.ba INFORMATIVNO - STRUČNI LIST / Godina X. / Broj 44 / Mostar, srpanj 2009. Informativno-stručni list, Vjesnik Glavni i odgovorni urednik: JP Elektroprivreda HZ HB d.d., Mostar Vlatko Međugorac Izdaje: Uredništvo: Sektor za odnose s javnošću Vlatko Međugorac, Mira Radivojević, mr. sc. Irina Budimir, Vanda Rajić, Zoran Pavić Ulica dr. Mile Budaka 106A, Mostar tel.: 036 335-727 Naklada: 800 primjeraka faks: 036 335-779 e-mail: [email protected] Tisak: www.ephzhb.ba FRAM-ZIRAL, Mostar Rukopisi i fotografije se ne vraćaju. 2 INFORMATIVNO STRUČNI LIST JAVNOGA PODUZEĆA ELEKTROPRIVREDE HZ HERCEG BOSNE Sadržaj Novim informacijskim sustavom (SAP-om) do boljega poslovanja .......4 Održana VII. skupština Elektroprivrede HZ HB ................................7 Izvješće neovisnoga revizora ..................................................................8 str. 4 Potpisani ugovori o istražnim radovima na CHE Vrilo.......................10 Elektroprivreda i liberalizacija tržišta ..................................................11 30. rođendan CHE Čapljina ...............................................................13 Posjet njemačkoga veleposlanika i predstavnika KfW banke hidroelektrani Rama ............................................................................14 Primjena novih Općih uvjeta i Pravilnika o priključcima ....................16 HE Mostarsko Blato u izgradnji .........................................................17 str. 7 Uspješno provedena
    [Show full text]
  • Vineyard Wind Connector: Final Environmental Impact Report
    Vineyard Wind Connector: Final Environmental Impact Report EEA #15787 December 17, 2018 Submitted to Prepared by Executive Office of Energy and Epsilon Associates, Inc. Environmental Affairs 3 Mill & Main Place, Suite 250 MEPA Office Maynard, Massachusetts 01754 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 900 Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Submitted by In Association with Vineyard Wind LLC Foley Hoag LLP 700 Pleasant Street, Suite 510 Stantec, Inc. New Bedford, Massachusetts 02740 Geo SubSea LLC December 17, 2018 Secretary Matthew A. Beaton Attn: MEPA Office Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 900 Boston, MA 02114 Subject: Vineyard Wind Connector (EEA #15787) Final Environmental Impact Report Dear Secretary Beaton: On behalf of Vineyard Wind LLC (the Company, or Proponent), I am pleased to submit this Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR) for the Vineyard Wind Connector1. A year ago, we submitted the Environmental Notification Form (ENF) for this groundbreaking project. We are most appreciative of the concerted effort made by the entire EEA team to provide a constructive review, and to do so on an ambitious schedule. As we enter the final step of the MEPA review process, Vineyard Wind is pleased with the refinements that have been made to Project, many of which reflect input from your resource agencies as well as the Town of Barnstable. We look forward to continuing to work with the EEA team to bring the MEPA process to a productive conclusion, thus completing a central component of the public review of the Project. The balance of this letter provides an update on Project milestones, an overview of the refinements and improvements made since the submittal of the SDEIR in late August, and an update on the BOEM review process.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Offshore Wind Power Economic Impact Assessment
    U.S. Offshore Wind Power Economic Impact Assessment Issue Date | March 2020 Prepared By American Wind Energy Association Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Current Status of U.S. Offshore Wind .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Lessons from Land-based Wind ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Announced Investments in Domestic Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................ 5 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Input Assumptions ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Modeling Tool ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Highlights
    G NER Y SE E CU O R T I A T Y N NATO ENERGY SECURITY C E CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE E C N T N R E E LL OF EXCE ENERGY HIGHLIGHTS ENERGY HIGHLIGHTS 1 Content 7 Introduction 11 Chapter 1 – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies 25 Chapter 2 – Radar Systems and Wind Farms 36 Chapter 3 – Wind Farms Interference Mitigation 46 Chapter 4 – Environmental and societal impacts of wind energy 58 Chapter 5 – Wind Farms and Noise 67 Chapter 6 – Energy Storage and Wind Power 74 Chapter 7 – Case Studies 84 Conclusions 86 A Way Forward 87 Bibliography This is a product of the NATO Energy Security Centre of Excellence (NATO ENSEC COE). It is produced for NATO, NATO member countries, NATO partners, related private and public institutions and related individuals. It does not represent the opinions or policies of NATO or NATO ENSEC COE. The views presented in the articles are those of the authors alone. © All rights reserved by the NATO ENSEC COE. Articles may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or publicly displayed without reference to the NATO ENSEC COE and the respective publication. 2 ENERGY HIGHLIGHTS ENERGY HIGHLIGHTS 3 Role of windfarms for national grids – challenges, risks, and chances for energy security by Ms Marju Kõrts ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND KEY have arisen in other countries wher wind power RECOMMENDATIONS The author would like to acknowledge the work and insights of the people who contributed to this is expanding. study either via the conducted interviews or their fellowship at the NATO Energy Security Center of apid growth of wind energy worldwide Excellence in summer and autumn 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Monitoring and Mitigation Policies and Practices at Offshore Wind Installations in the United States and Europe
    Ecological Monitoring and Mitigation Policies and Practices at Offshore Wind Installations in the United States and Europe August 2020 Michael C. Allen, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Research Associate, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, Matthew Campo, Senior Research Specialist, Environmental Analysis & Communications Group, Rutgers University Prepared for the New Jersey Climate Change Alliance (https://njadapt.rutgers.edu/). Working Group Members: John Cecil, New Jersey Audubon Tim Dillingham, American Littoral Society Patty Doerr, The Nature Conservancy of New Jersey Russell Furnari, PSEG Kevin Hassell, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Anthony MacDonald, Urban Coast Institute at Monmouth University Martha Maxwell-Doyle, Barnegat Bay Partnership David Mizrahi, Ph.D., New Jersey Audubon Technical Reviews and Acknowledgments Joseph Brodie, Ph.D. Jeanne Herb Marjorie Kaplan, Dr.P.H. Josh Kohut, Ph.D. Richard Lathrop, Ph.D. Julie Lockwood, Ph.D. Douglas Zemeckis, Ph.D. https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/t3-wn1p-cz80 1 ABSTRACT Offshore wind energy is poised to expand dramatically along the eastern United States. However, the promise of sustainable energy also brings potential impacts on marine ecosystems from new turbines and transmission infrastructure. This whitepaper informs government officials, scientists, and stakeholders in New Jersey about the current policies and monitoring methods other jurisdictions use to monitor potential ecological impacts from offshore wind installations. We reviewed policy documents in the eastern U.S. and Europe, reviewed the scientific literature, and conducted stakeholder interviews in Spring 2020. We found: 1. Short-term (3-5 year) project-specific efforts dominate coordinated regional and project life duration ecological monitoring efforts at offshore wind farms in North America and Europe.
    [Show full text]