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THE NEPALESE ARMY in INTERNAL PEACE and SECURITY a Thesis THE NEPALESE ARMY IN INTERNAL PEACE AND SECURITY A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE General Studies by SURAJ GURUNG, MAJOR, NEPALESE ARMY B.A., Tribuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2001 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2013-01 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 14-06-2013 Master’s Thesis AUG 2012 – JUNE 2013 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER The Nepalese Army in Internal Peace and Security 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Major Suraj Gurung 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORG REPORT U.S. Army Command and General Staff College NUMBER ATTN: ATZL-SWD-GD Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-2301 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT It is difficult or even impossible to build up the peace and security of a nation without addressing the economic, social and political problems prevailing within a society. Nepal, because of its weakness in legitimacy and capacity to manage these aforementioned problems, is facing many internal security threats due to extreme poverty, broad societal discrimination, and an unsystematic political system. The Government of Nepal (GoN) has many a time mobilized the Nepalese Army (NA) to manage and mitigate the internal problems but fails to prescribe definite roles and responsibilities due to lack of a clear and viable national security strategy. Therefore, possible roles for the NA must be determined when it is mobilized in Nepal’s internal security environment. The research identifies that the NA has been conducting infrastructure development, wild life and nature conservation, assistance to civil authority, and disaster management through rescue and relief operations. The research recommends that the NA continue stability operations and maintain its credibility, trust of the population and accountability to the democratic government. By analyzing the NA’s capability, organizational structure, economic tools and political neutrality, the research concludes that its mobilization to improve Nepal’s internal security environment is feasible, acceptable and suitable. 15. SUBJECT TERMS National Security, Internal Security Threats, Poverty, Societal Discrimination, Political Instability, Inclusiveness, Stability Operations. 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE 19b. PHONE NUMBER (include area code) (U) (U) (U) (U) 94 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 ii MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Name of Candidate: Major Suraj Gurung Thesis Title: The Nepalese Army in Internal Peace and Security Approved by: , Thesis Committee Chair David E. Hunter-Chester, Ph.D. , Member Gary J. Bjorge, Ph.D. , Member Joseph G. D. Babb, Ph.D. Accepted this 14th day of June 2013 by: , Director, Graduate Degree Programs Robert F. Baumann, Ph.D. The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College or any other governmental agency. (References to this study should include the foregoing statement.) iii ABSTRACT THE NEPALESE ARMY IN INTERNAL PEACE AND SECURITY, by Suraj Gurung, 94 pages. It is difficult or even impossible to build up the peace and security of a nation without addressing the economic, social and political problems prevailing within a society. Nepal, because of its weakness in legitimacy and capacity to manage these aforementioned problems, is facing many internal security threats due to extreme poverty, broad societal discrimination, and an unsystematic political system. The Government of Nepal (GoN) has many a time mobilized the Nepalese Army (NA) to manage and mitigate the internal problems but fails to prescribe definite roles and responsibilities due to lack of a clear and viable national security strategy. Therefore, possible roles for the NA must be determined when it is mobilized in Nepal’s internal security environment. The research identifies that the NA has been conducting infrastructure development, wild life and nature conservation, assistance to civil authority, and disaster management through rescue and relief operations. The research recommends that the NA continue stability operations and maintain its credibility, trust of the population and accountability to the democratic government. By analyzing the NA’s capability, organizational structure, economic tools and political neutrality, the research concludes that its mobilization to improve Nepal’s internal security environment is feasible, acceptable and suitable. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis has been completed because of the continuous support, guidance and valuable insights from my committee members, Dr. Hunter-Chester, Dr. Bjorge and Dr. Babb, and seminar group instructor, Dr. Nowowiejski. I am extremely grateful, and would like to extend my sincere gratitude and appreciation, to you all for your valuable guidance and timely suggestions. I am equally thankful to the instructors and colleagues of Staff Group 23 C, especially to my student ambassador, Major Kelly, for the encouragement provided for the completion of this thesis. Similarly, special thanks also go to Dr. Baumann and Dr. Lowe for facilitating the MMAS program, to Ms. Venita Krueger for her help in formatting the thesis and to the staff members of the Combined Arms Research Library for their assistance in locating related research materials. I would also like to offer my gratitude to my sponsors, Jim and Dorothy, Linda, and Leslie for their motivation during the research work. I am also indebted to the NA for the opportunity to become a proud student of Intermediate Level Education at the United States Army Command and General Staff College, Ft Leavenworth, because of which, it was possible for me to undertake this thesis. Finally, I will not miss this opportunity to thank my beloved wife, Dr. Tara Gurung, for her love, invaluable support and sacrifice to shape this thesis work. Her excellence in bearing my thesis as her own is commendable. Most importantly, I owe a debt of appreciation to my wonderful son, Mr. Samarthya Tanuj Gurung, for his patience, without which the thesis would not have been accomplished. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE THESIS APPROVAL PAGE ............ iii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... vi ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................... viii ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................................ ix TABLES ..............................................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................1 Problem Statement .......................................................................................................... 1 Research Questions ......................................................................................................... 2 Assumptions .................................................................................................................... 2 Definitions ...................................................................................................................... 2 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 4 Limitations ...................................................................................................................... 5 Delimitations ..................................................................................................................
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