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ABC Online: Becoming the ABC

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ABC Online: Becoming the ABC ABC Online: Becoming the ABC Author Burns, Maureen Published 2004 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School School of Arts, Media and Culture DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/439 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365752 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au ABC Online: Becoming the ABC Maureen Burns BA (hons 1st class) (Communications) (University of Technology, Sydney) School of Arts Media and Cultural Studies Griffith University Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2003 ii Synopsis This thesis combines histories of the implementation of ABC Online (the website of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Australia's largest national Public Service Broadcaster) with the political philosophies of Foucault, and of Deleuze and Guattari. Following the Deleuzian argument that institutions of enclosure are in crisis because they exist in between diagrams of the disciplinary and control societies, the thesis tests each of the Foucauldian diagrams of discipline, governmentality and control against the ABC as Public Service Broadcaster. It explores issues such as which ABC strategies belong to which diagram, and the ways in which changes in communications technologies altered governing rationales of these diagrams at the ABC. The thesis uses the implementation of ABC Online to explore the idea of the ABC in the late 1990s as operating in between social diagrams. One way of examining this 'in between-ness' is to use the Public Service Broadcasting idea as an instance of arboreal thinking and the internet idea as rhizomic. The thesis employs that model to argue that Public Service Broadcasting as it is practised is not iii merely an arboreal assemblage, and that actual implementations of the internet are more than merely rhizomic assemblages. The thesis details some of the earliest relations between broadcasting and the internet at the ABC, and describes the relations between rhizomic and arboreal images of the ABC at particular sites and in various discourses. This examination concludes that both ways of imagining the ABC – the arboreal and the rhizomic – have been essential to the success of ABC Online. While the position of the ABC in between social diagrams caused a sense of crisis, ABC Online was in fact successful largely because of its position in between social diagrams. Not only was ABC Online remarkably successful in its first five years, but it was successful in ways which could not be accommodated in such documents as the ABC Charter. The public silences of ABC Online both allowed it to thrive, and conversely supported arboreal stratified ways of defending the ABC. Defences of the ABC that used arboreal thinking as a rhetorical strategy continued to dominate public discussion of the ABC, despite the successes of contrary examples in practice. One such example was the successful implementation of Radio Australia Online at a time when the Mansfield Review sought to limit the scope of the ABC to domestic free-to-air broadcasting. When some ABC Online practices were publicised in relation to the proposed Telstra deal, the resultant controversy concentrated on the non-commercial/commercial boundary at the ABC. The controversy also highlighted fears that the Online iv environment may alter the ethical relations between the ABC and its publics. In particular, the ethical goals of independence and integrity were perceived as being under threat in the World Wide Web environment. These goals were further problematised within the organisation by the demands of interactive subsites. These subsites demonstrated an altered ethical relation between the ABC and its user in the online environment of the control society. v CONTENTS Figures.................................................................................................................................................... x Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................. xi Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................xiii PREFACE........................................................................................................XV INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................1 Relations between Images of Thought .................................................................................................... 5 Intra-institutional Relations and Inter-institutional Relations ................................................................. 7 Defending the ABC ................................................................................................................................. 9 The ABC as Tree................................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 1: The Arboreal ABC................................................................................................................. 13 The ABC as Rhizome............................................................................................................................ 16 Against 'the' Public Sphere .................................................................................................................... 18 Humans Using Technology ................................................................................................................... 21 Chapter Outline ..................................................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 1: NATION, DISCIPLINE, GOVERNMENTALITY, CONTROL ......30 Arboreal Images of Nation .................................................................................................................... 31 The ABC and the Arboreal Nation........................................................................................................ 38 The Nation and Identity......................................................................................................................... 40 The ABC as Disciplinary /Broadcasting as Disciplinary....................................................................... 42 Figure 2: Television and Radio as Occupied Territories ....................................................................... 44 The ABC as Governmental ................................................................................................................... 48 The ABC as Control .............................................................................................................................. 56 vi Molar/Molecular; Rhizomic/Arboreal................................................................................................... 63 CHAPTER 2: REITH AND RHIZOME: THE PSB IDEA MEETS THE INTERNET IDEA ..............................................................................................67 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 67 The Arboreal Image of Public Service Broadcasting ............................................................................ 68 Defining Public Service /Defining Public Service Broadcasting .......................................................... 74 Broadcasting Ecologies ......................................................................................................................... 87 The ABC and Commercial Interests...................................................................................................... 92 From Welfare State to Enabling State ................................................................................................... 97 ABC: Paternalism and Practice ........................................................................................................... 102 Interconnecting Ideas .......................................................................................................................... 106 The Internet Idea and the ABC............................................................................................................ 106 The Internet Idea and Poststructuralism .............................................................................................. 111 The Internet Idea and Utopianism ....................................................................................................... 112 The Internet Idea and Capitalism......................................................................................................... 115 The Internet Idea and the Question of the New................................................................................... 119 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................... 120 CHAPTER 3: 'A VIRUS FOR ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE'.......................122 Failed Joint Ventures........................................................................................................................... 130 Dust Coats and Tweed Jackets ............................................................................................................ 132 hot chips – from viewer to user ..........................................................................................................
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