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Flood of August 31 - September 1,1978, in Crosswicks Creek Basin and Vicinity, Central New Jersey

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Flood of August 31 - September 1,1978, in Crosswicks Creek Basin and Vicinity, Central New Jersey FLOOD OF AUGUST 31 - SEPTEMBER 1,1978, IN CROSSWICKS CREEK BASIN AND VICINITY, CENTRAL NEW JERSEY U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations 80-115 PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES 50272 ·iOl REPORT DOCUMENTATION 11. REPORT NO. 3. Recipient's Accession No. PAGE 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Flood of August 31-September 1, 1978, in Crosswicks Creek December 1980 basin and vicinity, Central New Jersey 6. 1---------------·--- --------·-------------------,<-------- t----------------1 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Rept. No. ~-A__ r_th_u_r __ A__ ._v_l_·c_k_e_r __ s __ ~------------------------------------------~--U_SQS/WRI 80-115 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division Room 430, Federal Building 11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No. P.O. Box 1238 (C) 402 East State Street (G) Trenton, New Jersev 08607 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report & Period Covered U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division Final Room 430, Federal Building P.O. Box 1238, 402 East State Street 14. Trenton New Jersev 08607 15. Supplementary Notes Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources · 16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words) A thunderstorm during the evening of August 31 and the morning of September 1, 1978, caused flooding in a small area of South-central New Jersey. Maximum peaks of record occurred on the Upper Crosswicks Creek basin in the vicinity of Fort Dix, Wrightstown, and New Egypt. At New Egypt, high water crest elevations for Crosswicks Creek were approximately 4 feet higher than the previous maximum recorded on August 28, 1971. 1----------------------------------------------------------------~--~ 17. Document Analysis a. Descriptors Flood Data, Flood Profiles, Flood Peaks, Historic Floods, Indirect Flood Measurements, Flood Stages b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms Central New Jersey, Crosswicks Creek c. COSATI Field/Group 18. Availability Statement 19. Security Class (This Report) 21. No. of Pages No restriction on distribution, This report ~~U_N~C=LA=S~S~I=F~I=E=D______ ~ ____2_6 _______ ___ may be purchased from National Technical 20. Security Class (This Page) 22. Price UNCLASSIFIED Information Service_ Snrin~field VA 221n1 (See ANSI-Z39.18) See Instructions on Reverse OPTIONAl FORM 272 (4-77) (Formerly NTIS-35) Department of Commerce FLOOD OF AUGUST 31-SEPTEMBER 1, 1978, IN CROSSWICKS CREEK BASIN AND VICINITY, CENTRAL NEw JERSEY By Arthur A. Vickers U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations 80-115 Prepared in cooperation with the NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES December 1980 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CECIL D. ANDRUS, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY H. William Menard, Director For additional information write to: U.S. Geological Survey Rm. 430 Federal Building P.O. Box 1238 Trenton, New Jersey 08607 CONTENTS Page Hydrologic terms............................................ IV Factors for converting inch-pound units to metric units.... VI Ab s t r a c t . 1 Introduction............................................... 2 Acknowledgments .. o o........................................ 2 Precipitation.............................................. 2 De s c r i p t i o n o f f l o o d . 5 Site description data...................................... 9 Flood-crest elevations......................................... 17 Flood damage............................................... 17 s urnm a r y . e 1 9 References cited ....................... o o.. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 Selected flood reports..................................... 20 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1.--Location map of flood area, August 31- Septernber 1, 1978............................. 3 2.--Map showing stream-gaging and precipitation stations, August 31-September 1, 1978......... 4 3.--Elevation of Crosswicks Creek, August 28, 1971 and August 31-September 1, 1978........ ....... 6 TABLES Table 1.--Precipitation at selected stations, August 31- Septe·mber 1, 1978. .. .. 5 2.--Summary of flood stages and discharges in Central New Jersey, August 31-September 1, 1978. .. .. .. 8 3.--Flood-crest data for selected sites in Crosswicks Creek basin.................................. 18 III EXPLANATION OF COMMONLY USED HYDROLOGIC TERMS Annual probability of exceedence ~ Probability that a random event will on the average exceed a specified magnitude annually. Contents - the volume of water in a reservoir or lake. Unless otherwise indicated, volume is computed on the basis of a level pool and does not include bank storage. Crest-stage station - a particular site where only information on crest stage and peak discharge are collected systematically. Cubic feet per second per square mile [(ft 3 /s)/mi 2 ] -the average number of cubic feet of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, assuming that the runoff is distributed uniformly in time and area. Cubic foot per second (ft 3 /s) - the rate of discharge representing a volume of 1 cubic foot passing a given point during 1 second, and equivalent to 7.48 gallons per second or 448.8 gallons per minute. Discharge - the volume of water that passes a given point within a given period of time. Drainage area - The drainage area of a stream at a specific location is that area, measured in a horizontal plane, which is enclosed by a drainage divide. Figures of drainage area given herein include all closed basins, or noncontributing areas, within the area, unless otherwise noted. Drainage basin - a part of the surface of the earth that is occupied by a drainage system, which consists of a stream or body of impounded surface water, together with all tributary streams and bodies of impounded surface water. Gage-height (GH) - the water-surface elevation referred to some arbitrary gage datum. Gage height is often used interchangeably with the more general term ''Stage'', although gage height is more appropriate, when used with a reading on a gage. Gaging station -a particular site on a stream, canal, laKe, and reservoir where systematic observations of gage height or discharge are obtained. When used in connection with a discharge record, the term is applied only to those gaging stations where a continuous record of discharge is obtained. Partial-record station - a particular site where only a few streamflow data are collected systematically over a period of years for use in hydrologic analyses. IV Recurrence interval (return period, exceedence interval) - the average time interval between actual occurrences of a hydrologic event of a given or greater magnitude. National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD) - a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first order level nets of both the United States and Canada. It was formerly called "Sea Level Datum of 1929," or "mean sea level" in reports of the U.S. Geological Survey. Although the datum was derived from the average sea level over a period of many years at 26 tide stations along the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific Coasts, it does not necessarily represent local mean sea level at any particular place. v FACTORS FOR CONVERTING INCH-POUND UNITS TO METRIC UNITS For those readers who may prefer to use metric units rather than inch-pound units, the conversion factors for the terms used in this report are listed below: Multiply inch-pound unit To obtain metric unit cubic feet per second 0.02832 cubic meters per (ft3 /s) second (m 3 /s) cubic feet per second per 0.01093 cubic meters per square mile second per square (ft 3 /s)/mi 2 kilometer (m 3 Is) /km 2 feet (ft) 0.3048 meters (m) feet per second 0.3048 meters per second ( ft/ s) (m/s) inches (in) 25.40 millimeters (mm) miles (rni) 1. 60 9 kilometers (km) 2 square feet (ft 2 ) 0.0929 square meters (m ) square miles 2. 59 0 square kilometers 2 ( mi 2 ) (km ) VI FLOOD OF AUGUST 31-SEPTEMBER 1, 1978 IN CROSSWICKS CREEK BASIN AND VICINITY, CENTRAL NEW JERSEY By Arthur A. Vickers ABSTRACT A thunderstorm during the evening of August 31, 1978, caused flooding in a small area of Southcentral New Jersey. Maximum peaks of record occurred on the upper Crosswicks Creek basin in the vicinity of Fort Dix, Wrightstown, and New Egypt. At New Egypt, high water crest elevations for Crosswicks Creek were approximately 4 feet higher than the previous maximum recorded on August 28, 1971. Total damages were in excess of 2 million dollars, with 70 houses and 14 businesses affected. INTRODUCTION Severe flash flooding occurred over a small region of Monmouth, Burlington, and Ocean Counties, New Jersey, during the evening of August 31 and the morning of September 1, 1978. (See fig. 1). A small intense storm cell was stalled over this area on the evening of August 31 for about 6 hours before moving eastward. E~tensive damage was reported in New Egypt, Ocean County, as Crosswicks Creek and Oakford Lake flooded. Meteorologic and hydrologic data collected during this storm are recorded in this report. This study is limited to Crosswicks Creek and adjoining basins, as heavy rains occurred only over the New Egypt, Wrightstown, and Fort Dix areas. Weather stations close to this region reported no rainfall or only moderate rainfall. Less than 1.5 inches of precipitation was reported within 5-10 mi of the storm's center. (See fig. 2, p. 4.) AC KN OWLEDG!V1 ENTS This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources. Valuable assistance was received from the Burlington County Times and personnel at Fort Dix and McGuire Air Force Base. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Weather Service) furnished precipitation and radarscope data. PRECIPITATION The Nat ion a 1 Weather Se r v i c e ' s ( NW S ) . r ad a r s i t e s at Atlantic City, N.J., and Long Island, N.Y., noted a small intense weather cell over the New Egypt-Fort Dix area from about 4 to 10 p.m.
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