ANCIENT CHURCHES REVEALED

EDITED BY YORAM TSAFRIR

HP ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY • 1993 Contents vii List of Plates ix Abbreviations xi Foreword

CHURCHES IN PALESTINE: FROM CONSTANTINE TO THE CRUSADERS 1 The Development of Ecclesiastical Architecture in Palestine — Y. Tsafrir 17 Christian Worship in the Byzantine Period — J. Wilkinson 23 Constantinian Churches in Palestine — J. Wilkinson 28 Churches in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099-1291) — D. Pringle

CHURCHES IN THE GALILEE 43 A Byzantine Ecclesiastical Farm at Shelomi — C. Dauphin 49 The Byzantine Church at Nahariya — C. Dauphin and G. Edelstein 54 Horvat Hesheq: A Church in the Upper Galilee — M. Aviam 66 The Greek Inscriptions at Horvat Hesheq — L. Di Segni 71 The Church of the House of St. Peter at Capernaum — V. Corbo, O.F.M. 77 The Early Christian Monastery at Kursi — V. Tzaferis

CHURCHES IN SAMARIA AND ON THE MEDITERRANEAN COAST 83 The Church of Mary Theotokos on Mt. Gerizim — Y. Magen 90 Dora-Dor: A Station for Pilgrims in the Byzantine Period on Their Way to Jerusalem — C. Dauphin

CHURCHES IN JERUSALEM 101 The Early Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Light of Excavations and Restoration — J. Patrich 118 Excavations in the Holy Sepulchre in the Chapel of St. Vartan and the Armenian Martyrs — M. Broshi 123 Recently-Discovered Crusader Churches in Jerusalem —D. Bahat 128 The Nea: Justinian's Church of St. Mary, Mother of God Discovered in the Old City of Jerusalem — N. Avigad 136 A Crusader Church in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem — A. Ovadiah 140 The Restoration of St. Mary's Church of the German Knights in Jerusalem —M. Ben-Dov 143 The Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem — V. Tzaferis

CHURCHES IN JUDEA AND IN THEJUDEAN DESERT 149 Monasteries and Churches in the Judean Desert in the Byzantine Period — Y. Hirschfeld 155 The Byzantine Church at Khirbet el-Beiyudat in the Lower Jordan Valley — H. Hizmi 164 The Inscriptions at Khirbet el-Beiyudat — L. Di Segni 170 The Monastery of St. Martyrius at Macale Adummim — Y. Magen 197 The Twelfth-Century Decoration of the Church of the Nativity: Eastern and Western Concord — G, Kiihnel 204 The Early Christian Holy Site at Shepherds' Field — V. Tzaferis 207 The Byzantine Church at Horvat Berachot — Y. Tsafrir and Y. Hirschfeld 219 The Churches of Herodium — E. Netzer, R. Birger-Calderon and A. Feller 233 Chapels and Hermitages of St. Sabas' Monastery — J. Patrick 244 The Cave-Church at Khirbet ed-Deir — Y. Hirschfeld

CHURCHES IN THE SHEPHELAH AND IN THE NEGEV DESERT 260 A Byzantine Church at Maresha (Beit Govrin) — A. Kloner 265 A Byzantine Church Complex at Horvat Beit Loya — J. Patrick and Y. Tsafrir 273 The Church of St. Stephen at Horvat Be'er-shema — D. Gazit and Y. Lender 277 A Byzantine Church and Its Mosaic Floors at Kissufim — R. Cohen 283 Early Christian Churches at Magen — V. Tzaferis 286 The Cathedral at Haluza (Elusa) — A. Negev 294 The Early Byzantine Town of Rehovot-in-the-Negev and Its Churches — Y. Tsafrir

CHURCHES AND MONASTERIES IN THE SINAI PENINSULA 305 A Christian Settlement at Ostrakine in North Sinai — E.D. Oren 315 Monks and Monasteries in Southern Sinai — Y. Tsafrir 334 Byzantine Remains at Jebel Sufsafeh (Mt. Horeb) in Southern Sinai — I. Finkelstein 341 Remote Monasteries in Southern Sinai and Their Economic Base — - U. Dahari

351 Glossary 353 Index

MAP: Sites in the Holy Land where archaeological remains of churches have been found — Prepared by Y. Tsafrir and L. Di Segni • Following page 6

FRONT COVER PHOTO: The basilican church of Kursi on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee (photo by Duby Tal- Moni Haramati, Albatross Aerial Photography)

BACK COVER PHOTO: The Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem: angel on north wall (photo by G. Kuhnel)