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(Eds.) Aging Between Participation and Simulation Joschka Haltaufderheide, Johanna Hovemann, Jochen Vollmann (Eds.) Aging between Participation and Simulation Joschka Haltaufderheide, Johanna Hovemann, Jochen Vollmann (Eds.) Aging between Participation and Simulation Ethical Dimensions of Social Assistive Technologies Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research Editors Haltaufderheide, Joschka Vollmann, Jochen Ruhr-University Bochum Ruhr-University Bochum Institute for Medical Ethics and Institute for Medical Ethics and History of Medicine History of Medicine Markstr. 258a Markstr. 258a 44799 Bochum 44799 Bochum Germany Germany [email protected] [email protected] Hovemann, Johanna Ruhr-University Bochum Institute for Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Markstr. 258a 44799 Bochum Germany [email protected] ISBN 978-3-11-067740-9 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-067748-5 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-067758-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677485 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2020931498 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2020 Joschka Haltaufderheide, Johanna Hovemann, Jochen Vollmann, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published open access at www.degruyter.com. Cover image: Lidiia Moor / iStock / Getty Images Plus (foreground); AF-studio / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images (background). Typesetting: L42 AG, Berlin Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Table of Contents List of authors XI Joschka Haltaufderheide, Johanna Hovemann and Jochen Vollmann 1 The challenge ahead 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The promise of socially assistive technologies 2 1.3 About this volume 4 1.4 Acknowledgment and funding information 7 Part I: Foundations of discussion – The value of caring relationships Claudia Dinand, Margareta Halek 2 Challenges in interacting with people with dementia 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 What is exactly this behavior that challenges? 14 2.3 The nursing perspective 18 2.4 The AMEO-FTD project 22 2.5 Case description – Mealtime at Mister and Misses B’s 23 2.5.1 Background 23 2.5.2 Intro: The table is set – starting with a “still” – time code: 00:00:01 23 2.5.3 Sequence: Coming into the room – timecode: 00:00:01–00:00:16 25 2.5.4 Sequence: Starting the meal – timecode 00:00:16–00:00:40 25 2.5.5 Sequence: Diverse interests – eating and keeping contact – timecode 00:00:40 – 00:02:10 27 2.5.6 Concluding considerations 29 2.6 Conclusion 30 Andrea Bertolini, Shabahang Arian 3 Do robots care? 35 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Care vs. cure 36 3.2.1 Care is relational 37 3.2.2 Care is a deeply engaging emotion 38 3.2.3 Care is a virtue 39 3.2.4 Care for the elderly 39 VI Table of Contents 3.3 The need for robot carers 40 3.4 Care robotics and assistive technologies: An overview 40 3.5 The functions of care robots 41 3.6 The ethical admissibility of caring through technology 44 3.6.1 Does technology care? 44 3.6.2 Dehumanization through isolation: A potential risk 45 3.7 Human dignity as an ethical and legal concept 46 3.8 Discussion and conclusions 47 Svenja Wiertz 4 Trusting robots? 53 4.1 Types of care robots and the possibility of replacement 53 4.2 Trust 54 4.3 Reliance 57 4.4 Trust, reliance and valuable life options 58 4.5 Broken trust and disappointed reliance 58 4.6 Intermediary conclusion: On the possibility of replacement 60 4.7 Trust, vulnerability and dependence 61 4.8 Vulnerability and types of risks 62 4.9 Potential and limitations of assistive technology devices 64 Part II: Practical insights Anna Haupeltshofer, Pascal Meier 5 Promoting eHealth literacy 71 5.1 Introduction 71 5.2 Background: eHealth literacy and socio-technical systems 73 5.3 Multi-perspective research approach 74 5.3.1 Perspective nursing science 75 5.3.2 Perspective information systems 77 5.4 Integration of the concepts Digital Nurse and FeelFit 79 5.5 Discussion 81 5.6 Conclusion 83 5.7 Acknowledgments and funding information 83 Table of Contents VII Amelie Altenbuchner, Karsten Weber 6 Geriatric trauma patients as research subjects in a technology-driven research project 87 6.1 Introduction 87 6.2 The research project: Motion monitoring of geriatric trauma patients – explorative study on the rehabilitation process after hip fracture using sensor-based data 89 6.3 The Patients 92 6.3.1 Geriatric trauma patients as research subjects 92 6.3.2 Recruitment 94 6.3.3 Process of obtaining informed consent 95 6.3.4 Rejection and cancellation of participation 96 6.4 Summary 97 6.5 Lessons learned for future research 98 6.6 Acknowledgments and funding information 100 Angelika Schley, Katrin Balzer 7 Using MEESTAR for early evaluation of ethical, legal and social implications of a socio-technical support system for mechanically ventilated patients 105 7.1 Introduction 105 7.2 Methods 110 7.3 Results 114 7.4 Discussion 117 7.5 Conclusion 119 7.6 Ethical Statement 120 7.7 Acknowledgment and funding information 120 Part III: Users’ expectations and needs-based development Sarah Palmdorf, Christoph Dockweiler 8 Challenges arising from the use of assistive technologies by people with dementia in home care arrangements 125 8.1 Introduction 125 8.2 Formation and expression of an informed consent 127 8.3 Effects and side effects of assistive technologies 128 8.3.1 Resource access and equal opportunities 129 8.3.2 Ethical problems in using global positioning systems (GPS) 130 8.3.3 Challenges in user orientation and participation 131 8.4 Demands on the technologies and users 133 8.5 Practical implications of ethical discourse 134 VIII Table of Contents Julia A. Hoppe, Rose-Marie Johansson-Pajala, Christine Gustafsson, Helinä Melkas, Outi Tuisku, Satu Pekkarinen, Lea Hennala, Kirsten Thommes 9 Assistive robots in care: Expectations and perceptions of older people 139 9.1 Introduction 139 9.2 Contemporary demographic and technological development 141 9.2.1 Robots in elderly care – a brief review 142 9.2.2 Meeting problems, needs and challenges of robots in elderly care 143 9.3 Method 145 9.3.1 Design 145 9.3.2 Participants, procedure and data analysis 145 9.4 Results 147 9.4.1 Independence and safety 148 9.4.2 Physical and mental assistance 148 9.4.3 Communication and socialization 148 9.4.4 Relief to nursing staff 149 9.4.5 Individual’s right to decide 149 9.4.6 Data protection 150 9.4.7 Liability 150 9.5 Discussion 150 9.6 Conclusion 151 9.7 Acknowledgment and funding information 153 Part IV: Challenging classical concepts Iris Loosman 10 Rethinking consent in mHealth: (A) Moment to process 159 10.1 Introduction 159 10.2 Background 160 10.3 Rethinking consent in mHealth: Why, what and how? 161 10.3.1 mHealth’s functions 162 10.3.2 Improved autonomous authorization 164 10.3.3 Meaningful consent: Temporal distribution 165 10.4 Towards design 167 10.5 Concluding reflections 168 10.6 Acknowledgment and funding information 168 Table of Contents IX Bettina Schmietow 11 Reconfigurations of autonomy in digital health and the ethics of (socially) assistive technologies 171 11.1 Introduction 171 11.2 Autonomy in existing evaluative frameworks 173 11.3 Reconfigurations of autonomy in digital health and assistance 176 11.3.1 A multi-stage model of enhanced autonomy 177 11.3.2 Consumer autonomy, empowered care, and democratized medicine 178 11.3.3 Ambivalences and limitations 179 11.4 Conclusion 181 11.5 Acknowledgment and funding information 182 Ricardo Morte, Mario Toboso, Manuel Aparicio, Txetxu Ausín, Aníbal Monasterio, Daniel López 12 Personal autonomy in elderly and disabled: How assistive technologies impact on it 185 12.1 Introduction 185 12.2 Technological mediation and the capability approach 187 12.3 Current frameworks on the rights of the elderly and persons with disabilities 188 12.4 Rethinking autonomy in technological functionings environments 189 12.4.1 Privacy and data protection 191 12.4.2 Data protection targets 191 12.4.3 Data protection impact assessment 192 12.5 On the recognition of new human rights: ‛Neurorights’ and cognitive liberty 194 12.5.1 The right to mental privacy 194 12.5.2 The right to mental integrity 194 12.5.3 The right to psychological continuity 195 12.6 Conclusions 195 12.7 Acknowledgments and funding information 196 X Table of Contents Part V: Broadening the perspective Hartmut Remmers 13 Technical utopias – political illusions? 201 13.1 Introduction 201 13.2 Starting Position 202 13.3 Path Dependency of Technology Development 203 13.3.1 Political Preferences: Technology Promotion Versus Nursing Promotion 205 13.3.2 Premises of Different Rationalization Logics 206 13.4 Conditions for Technological Innovation in Support of Older people 207 13.4.1 Phenomena of ageing and old age 207 13.4.2 Some typological characteristics of nursing work processes 210 13.5 On the State of Development of Autonomous Assistance Systems 211 13.5.1 AAL-Technologies 212 13.5.2 Robotic 212 13.6 The Needs and Expectations of Older People in Need of Care 213 13.7 Paradigm Shift in Health Policy Innovations 214 13.8 Quintessence 217 Björn Lundgren 14 Against AI-improved Personal Memory
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