Appendix C Selection of the Preferred Route Corridor

APPENDIX C

SELECTION OF THE PREFERRED ROUTE CORRIDOR REPORT NOVEMBER 2011

NOVEMBER 2011

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project

Selection of Preferred Corridor

National Grid House National Grid Warwick Technology Park 1100 Century Way Gallows Hill Thorpe Park Warwick Leeds CV34 6DA LS15 8TU

Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 6 1.1 Purpose of Report ...... 6 2 BACKGROUND TO THE PROPOSAL ...... 7 2.1 Overview ...... 7 2.2 Need for the Project...... 7 2.3 Strategic Optioneering...... 9 2.4 Route Corridor Study...... 11 2.5 Stage 1 Consultation ...... 12 3 FACTORS EMPLOYED IN EVALUATING CORRIDORS...... 13 3.1 Introduction ...... 13 3.2 Planning Act 2008 ...... 13 3.3 National Policy...... 14 3.4 Conclusions...... 16 4 OTHER FACTORS CONSIDERED IN THE EVALUATION OF ROUTE CORRIDORS... 17 4.1 Introduction ...... 17 4.2 Air Quality and Emission ...... 17 4.3 Dust, Odour Artificial Light, Smoke, Steam and Insect Infestation ...... 17 4.4 Noise and Vibration ...... 17 4.5 Traffic and Transport Effects ...... 17 4.6 Waste Management ...... 18 4.7 Land Ownership ...... 18 4.8 Effect on Residential Amenity...... 18 5 ROUTE CORRIDORS...... 19 5.1 Introduction ...... 19 5.2 Route Corridor Options...... 20 5.3 Feasible Combinations of Route Corridor Options and AGI Option Areas ...... 21 6 NATIONAL AND LOCAL POLICY CONTEXT...... 22 6.1 Introduction ...... 22 6.2 Context...... 22 6.3 Energy and Climate Change Policy ...... 22 6.4 UK Policy and Initiatives ...... 22 6.5 National Policy Statements...... 23 6.6 Planning Policy Statements...... 25 6.7 Regional Plan...... 28 6.8 Development Plans ...... 29 6.9 Legal Protections for Habitats and Species ...... 30 6.10 Stage 1 Consultation Representations ...... 31

iii

6.11 Comparison of Route Corridors ...... 32 6.12 Conclusions of results ...... 32 7 STAGE 1 CONSULTATION REPRESENTATIONS...... 33 7.1 Introduction ...... 33 7.2 Representations on Route Corridor Study ...... 33 7.3 Parish Councils ...... 34 7.4 Thorntree Drainage Board...... 35 7.5 Other organisations ...... 35 7.6 General Public...... 36 7.7 Representations in Relation to Zone A ...... 38 7.8 Representations in Relation to Zone B ...... 39 7.9 Representations in Relation to Zone C ...... 39 7.10 Representations In Relation To Zone D...... 40 7.11 Representations in Relation to Zone E ...... 40 8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS...... 41 8.1 Introduction ...... 41 8.2 Heritage...... 42 8.3 Ecology / Biodiversity ...... 46 8.4 Landscape...... 50 8.5 Socio Economic...... 53 8.6 Water Resources and Flood Risk ...... 60 9 CONSTRUCTABILITY ISSUES...... 69 9.1 Introduction ...... 69 9.2 Stage I Consultation Representations ...... 69 9.3 Comparison of Route Corridors ...... 70 Zone A – Corridors A1 to A4 and AGI Option Area A...... 70 Zone B – Corridors B1 to B6 and Option Area B...... 72 Zone C – Corridors C1 to C7 and AGI Option Areas C North and South ...... 73 Zone D – Corridors D1 to D6 and AGI Option Areas D North and South ...... 75 Zone E – Corridors E1 to E3...... 77 10 COMPARISON OF ROUTE CORRIDORS ...... 78 11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 107 11.1 Route Corridors...... 107 11.2 AGI Option Areas ...... 108 11.3 Extension Areas ...... 109 11.4 Summary...... 109 12 NEXT STEPS...... 111 Glossary...... 112

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of Report 1.1.1 This report outlines the selection of a preferred corridor for a cross country pipeline to support the development of a carbon capture, transportation and storage (CCS) project in the Yorkshire and Humber region. The pipeline would transport carbon dioxide (CO2), captured from the proposed Don Valley Power Project at Stainforth, adjacent to the Hatfield Colliery near Doncaster, to a permanent storage site beneath the North Sea. This pipeline would be capable of forming a foundation of a regional CCS transportation and storage network which could also function to serve other CO2 emitters. 1.1.2 The report is structured as follows: • Chapter 2 – explains the background to the proposals, including the need for the project. It also outlines how potential alternatives were identified and assessed and reports responses to some of those alternatives, reaching a conclusion on the preferred form of CO2 transport; • Chapter 3 – identifies those factors which have been taken into account in the route corridor selection process • Chapter 4 – discusses other factors which were considered not to affect corridor selection • Chapter 5 – describes the potential corridors that were evaluated. These formed the basis for the Stage 1 Consultation, which is reviewed in more detail in Chapter 7 • Chapter 6 – discusses the national and local policy context within which the project is set: • Chapter 7 – provides an overview of the Stage One Consultation; • Chapter 8 - assesses the potential corridors against each of the factors in Chapter 3 and notes related consultation representations; • Chapter 9 – discusses potential constructability issues associated with each corridor; • Chapter 10 – contains an overview of the relative merits of the corridors and provides a basis for selecting a preferred corridor, with reference to consultation representations which have influenced that selection; • Chapter 11 – sets out the conclusions of the report; and • Chapter 12 – outlines the next steps in the development of the project. 1.1.3 Reference is made to a number of separate but related project specific reports which can be read alongside the Selection of Preferred Corridor Report. These include the Strategic Options Appraisal Report1, the Route Corridor Study2, and the Feedback Report on Stage One Consultation3.

1 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture Transportation and Storage; Strategic Options Appraisal Report; National Grid June 2011

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

2 BACKGROUND TO THE PROPOSAL

2.1 Overview 2.1.1 National Grid is exploring the options for developing a CCS project in the Yorkshire and Humber region. The proposed project would initially involve the construction of a cross country pipeline for transporting carbon dioxide captured from the proposed Don Valley Power Project at Stainforth, adjacent to the Hatfield colliery near Doncaster, to a permanent storage site beneath the North Sea. The design parameters of the project are to capture up to five million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) each year and up to 200 million tonnes over the lifetime of that particular power plant. 2.1.2 The proposed onshore pipeline would transport the captured carbon dioxide over a distance of approximately 75-85km to a suitable land fall point, to be located on the Holderness coast, at a point between Hornsea and Bridlington. From the landfall point, a proposed offshore pipeline would transport the carbon dioxide approximately 75-90km offshore to a suitable storage location beneath the North Sea. 2.1.3 It is currently anticipated that a compressor would be located near to the power station to compress the carbon dioxide into a liquid form and a pumping station would be required to re-pressurise the carbon dioxide near to the coast. The nature of the pumping station is subject to further investigation and analysis. 2.1.4 National Grid is mindful of the wider potential for CCS in the Yorkshire and Humber Region and has a desire to develop a CO2 transportation and storage network which would, satisfy both short and long term demands in the region. In addition to 2Co’s Don Valley Power Project, National Grid is working on funding applications with Drax Power and Alstom to deliver a CCS transportation and storage solution for a stand-alone power station at the Drax site, Selby, North Yorkshire and with C.Gen to deliver a CCS transportation and storage solution for a power station at Killingholme, North Lincolnshire. 2.1.5 The pipeline proposed as part of the current project could form the foundation to an eventual regional CCS transportation and storage network to which other emitters, both existing and new, could eventually connect.

2.2 Need for the Project 2.2.1 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007 Fourth Assessment Report states that global surface temperature increased during the 20th century4 5. This increase in temperatures has been linked to a “greenhouse effect” which is being exacerbated by anthropogenic emissions of CO2.

2 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture Transportation and Storage; Route Corridor Study; MWH November 2011 3 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture Transportation and Storage; Feedback Report on Stage One Consultation; Camargue; November 2011

4 IPCC. (2007) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis (summary for policy makers), IPCC 5 “Climate Change: A Summary of the Science”, Royal Society. Prepared by a working group chaired by Professor John Pethica, Vice President of the Royal Society and approved by the Royal Society Council and available from http://royalsociety.org

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

2.2.2 There is now a wide consensus that to mitigate the effects of climate change steps should be taken to reduce global CO2 emissions and a number of countries and global organisations have policies and initiatives in place aimed at delivering positive results.

2.2.3 A major source of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) in power stations for electricity production, accounting for 40% of global energy-related CO2 emissions.

2.2.4 If reductions are to be made in total CO2 emissions then technology applied to fossil fuel power stations will have a major role to play.

2.2.5 EU and UK Government policy supports the reduction in CO2 emissions and a number of initiatives have been put in place, including financial incentives supporting the development of new technologies to deliver low carbon energy and promote the development of a low carbon economy. 2.2.6 One such technology is carbon capture and storage (CCS) which entails the capture, transportation and permanent storage of CO2 by injection under high pressure into depleted oil and gas fields or saline geological formations, hundreds or thousands of metres below ground level. 2.2.7 Within the UK, Yorkshire and Humber is one of the most energy intensive regions. Its power stations provide 18% of the nation’s electricity generation, which together with other industry in the region collectively comprise the largest cluster of CO2 point source emitters (i.e. static emitters) in the UK. 2.2.8 Since 2009 National Grid has been involved in the Don Valley Power Project, (formerly Powerfuel Power Limited’s Hatfield Project), which in December 2009, was awarded a share of the €180m of EEPR (European Energy Program for Recovery) grant assistance. EEPR supports a specified programme of development activities comprising inter alia: • the development of a 900MW coal fired power station at Stainforth adjacent to Hatfield Colliery near Doncaster (“the Don Valley Power Project”);

• the design of a regional CO2 transportation system for the Yorkshire and Humber region by National Grid including delivering the necessary studies, reports and analysis to support the anticipated consenting process; • the assessment of suitable offshore storage locations. 2.2.9 Collectively 2Co’s Don Valley Power Project and National Grid’s transportation and storage project aim to demonstrate the full chain of CO2 capture, transportation and storage, however it will need to attract further financial support from UK Government and/or EU in order for it to be constructed. 2.2.10 In May 2011 the Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) announced that the UK Government has submitted seven applications from UK CCS projects for consideration in the EU’s New Entrant Reserve 300 (NER300) scheme which will provide funding for installations of innovative renewable energy technology and CCS projects. National Grid is a partner on five of the seven applications, three of which are located in the Yorkshire and Humber region. The pipeline proposed as part of the current project could form the foundation to an eventual

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

regional CCS transportation and storage network to which other emitters, both existing and new, could eventually connect. 2.2.11 DECC is also to issue a competition call for proposals (DECC2-4) towards the end of 2011 that could provide sufficient funds, either on a standalone basis or in conjunction with NER300, to allow for the construction of four CCS projects in the UK.

2.3 Strategic Optioneering 2.3.1 The Strategic Options Appraisal, undertaken by National Grid in 2010 / 2011 identified and appraised a number of different strategic options for the development of a system for transporting CO2 emissions captured at the proposed Don Valley Power Project at Stainforth, to a subsea storage facility beneath the North Sea. 2.3.2 Initial consultations on the strategic options and appraisal process were undertaken with the following organisations: • Doncaster Council; • East Lindsey District Council; • East Riding of Yorkshire Council; • Hull City Council; • Lincolnshire County Council; • North Lincolnshire Council; • North East Lincolnshire Council; • North Yorkshire County Council; • Selby District Council; • West Lindsey District Council; • English Heritage; • Environment Agency; • Natural England; • CO2 Sense; and • Marine Management Organisation. 2.3.3 The Strategic Options Appraisal Report (June 2011): • reviewed the technology options available to meet the need to transport the required volumes of CO2; • considered the environmental and socio economic effects of each options; • determined that a buried pipeline onshore and the laying of a pipeline on the seabed were the most sustainable and only practical means of transporting CO2 from point source emitters in the Yorkshire and Humber region to the storage site; and • provided indicative costs for the various pipeline options.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

2.3.4 Following the completion of the initial consultations with stakeholders on the strategic routeing options, and consideration of their responses, National Grid’s preferred option to progress the project was a buried pipeline from 2Co’s Don Valley Power Project at Stainforth, routeing north of the Humber Estuary, to the Holderness coast, and subsequently a subsea pipeline to the offshore storage facility (described in the report as the Northern Option).

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

2.3.5 Predominantly due to its shorter length and the absence of the need for any special sections this option was considered to be likely to: • have the lowest likelihood of significant effect on the environment; • have the lowest resource requirements during both construction and operation; • have fewest potential effects on the agricultural resource; • be the least complex to construct and operate in health and safety terms; and • be the most likely to be deliverable most quickly and at the lowest capital cost. 2.3.6 In addition, the Northern Option offered good future connectivity to the Aire Valley power stations and could ultimately be suitable to become an integral part of a wider CCS network serving the Yorkshire and Humber Region.

2.4 Route Corridor Study 2.4.1 Having identified, through the consideration of strategic alternatives, that a buried pipeline to the north of the Humber was the preferred option, a Route Corridor Study was commissioned from environmental consultants MWH. Its purpose was to identify zones, within a broad Area of Search within which possible pipeline corridors and Above Ground Installations (AGIs) may be located, and to assess these areas. The boundary of this Area of Search is illustrated (in red) below.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

2.4.2 A desk based assessment, supplemented with site visits, was used to generate potential corridors, in particular considering the main environmental constraints within the Area of Search and the opportunities for avoiding them. 2.4.3 The Route Corridor Study identified 5 zones (A to E), and offered a comparison of the corridors within them. The Route Corridor Study is separately reported.

2.5 Stage 1 Consultation 2.5.1 The findings of the Route Corridor Study formed the basis for an extensive consultation exercise. This was carried out in accordance with the project's initial Consultation Strategy which was prepared in consultation with Doncaster Borough Council, East Riding of Yorkshire Council, North Yorkshire County Council, and Selby District Council, and takes account of their comments. It was informed by relevant government guidance, guidance produced by the Infrastructure Planning Commission, the relevant local authorities' Statements of Community Involvement and National Grid's policy and experience relating to public consultation. 2.5.2 The consultation on corridor options was (excluding earlier press publications and informal consultation with stakeholders) carried out between 28 June and 12 August 2011 and included a series of manned public exhibitions at 16 venues in the local area (between 27 June and 14 July); 2.5.3 A Feedback Report on the Stage One Consultation presents the issues raised in the Stage 1 Consultation.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

3 FACTORS EMPLOYED IN EVALUATING CORRIDORS

3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 This section of the report explains why certain factors have been taken into account in evaluating the corridor preferences. The selection of these factors has been influenced by: • the requirements of the Planning Act 2008 and associated Regulations; and • National Policy Statements. 3.1.2 A number of other factors were considered in preparing the evaluation, including some put forward by respondents to the Stage 1 Consultation, but were scoped out for various reasons. These factors are discussed in Chapter 4.

3.2 Planning Act 2008 3.2.1 It is relevant to consider the issues to which the IPC and the Secretary of State must have regard to in determining an application for development consent by virtue of Sections 104 and 105 of the Planning Act 20086. In summary these are: • any relevant national policy statements; • any local impact report; • any matters prescribed by regulations; and • any other matters which the decision maker considers to be “both important and relevant to the decision”. 3.2.2 At the stage of selecting a preferred corridor, the Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1) has been approved (18th July 2011) but local impact reports have not been produced by the local authorities through whose area a corridor may pass. The planning policies are a matter of record. The local authorities have been consulted on the Route Corridor Study as part of the Stage 1 Consultation process. 3.2.3 The Infrastructure Planning (Decisions) Regulations 20107 set out regulations regarding issues which must be taken into account by decision makers in certain circumstances. Regulations 3, and 7 are relevant to the current proposal. Regulation 3 states that the decision maker shall have regard to the desirability of: • preserving Listed Buildings or their setting or any feature of special architectural or historic interest which they possess; • preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of Conservation Areas; • preserving Scheduled Monuments or their settings.

6 Planning Act 2008: Ch 29 7 Infrastructure Planning (Decisions) Regulations 2010; SI2010 No 305

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

3.2.4 Regulation 7 states that the decision maker shall have regard to the United Nations Environment Programme Convention on Biological Diversity8, one of whose objectives is the conservation of biological diversity. 3.2.5 No other matters had been prescribed by Regulations at the time of the production of this report. 3.2.6 The Planning Act 2008 requires applicants to undertake public consultation with people living in the vicinity of proposed works in advance of any Development Consent Order application and to explain how relevant representations from the consultations have influenced the proposal that goes forward for determination. The responses to the Stage 1 Consultation are referenced in the following chapters of the report, with issues discussed further in Chapter 7

3.3 National Policy 3.3.1 As noted above, the IPC is obliged to determine applications in accordance with the prevailing National Policy Statements. 3.3.2 The draft National Planning Policy Framework9 sets out the Government’s economic, environmental and social planning policies for England. Taken together, these policies articulate the Government’s vision of sustainable development, which should be interpreted and applied locally to meet local aspirations. Nationally significant infrastructure projects are determined by the decision-making framework set out in the national policy statements, which are part of the overall framework of planning policy. 3.3.3 With regard to climate change, the draft NPPF states that the “Government’s objective is that planning should fully support the transition to a low carbon economy in a changing climate..”. 3.3.4 The Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy10 notes that: “Given the level and urgency of need for infrastructure of the types covered by the energy NPSs….the IPC should start with a presumption in favour of granting consent to applications for energy NSIPs. That presumption applies unless any more specific and relevant policies set out in the relevant NPSs clearly indicate that consent should be refused.” 3.3.5 It goes on: “In considering any proposed development, and in particular when weighing its adverse impacts against its benefits, the IPC should take into account: • its potential benefits including its contribution to meeting the need for energy infrastructure, job creation and any long-term or wider benefits; and • its potential adverse impacts, including any long-term and cumulative adverse impacts, as well as any measures to avoid, reduce or compensate for any adverse impacts”.

8 United Nations Environment Programme: Convention on Biological Diversity: December 1993 9 Department for Communities and Local Government Draft National Planning Policy Framework July 2011 10 Department for Energy and Climate Change: Overarching Energy National Policy Statement: July 2011

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

3.3.6 Furthermore: “Other matters that the IPC may consider both important and relevant to its decision-making may include Development Plan Documents or other documents in the Local Development Framework. In the event of a conflict between these or any other documents and an NPS, the NPS prevails for purposes of IPC decision making given the national significance of the infrastructure”. 3.3.7 Planning Policy Guidance notes and Planning Policy Statements published by the Government, and development plans adopted by local authorities are therefore considered to be material considerations. Planning policy is addressed in Chapter 6 of this report. 3.3.8 In specific reference to Carbon Capture and Storage the NPS states that: ”the IPC should take account of the importance the Government places on demonstrating CCS, and the potential deployment of this technology beyond the demonstration stage, in considering applications for consent of CCS projects and associated infrastructure”. 3.3.9 The Overarching NPS for Energy requires the IPC to take account of adverse environmental, social and economic impacts and weigh these against the benefits of the proposal. It identifies the generic issues which should be taken into account in assessing applications for development consent, recognising that these are the issues which are likely to arise most frequently but that they are not equally applicable to all projects. Where generic issues have been scoped out in the current exercise, this is noted in the list below and further information is provided in Chapter 8. 3.3.10 The generic issues include : • air quality and emissions (scoped out at this stage, see Chapter 4); • biodiversity and geological conservation, noting particularly the effects on designated sites; • civil and military aviation and defence interests; • coastal change • dust, odour, artificial light, smoke, steam and insect infestation (scoped out at this stage, see Chapter 4); • flood risk and climate change resilience; • historic environment, noting particularly the effects on designated sites; • landscape and visual impacts, noting particularly the effects on nationally designated landscapes.; • land use, including open space, green infrastructure and Green Belt; • noise and vibration (scoped out at this stage, see Chapter 4); • socio-economic impacts; • traffic and transport impacts (scoped out at this stage, see Chapter 4); • waste management (scoped out at this stage, see Chapter 4);

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

• water quality and resources.

3.4 Conclusions 3.4.1 For the reasons set out above, the relative merits of the alternative corridors have been considered taking mainly the following considerations into account: • planning policies (Chapter 6); • consultation representations (Chapter 7); • landscape and visual (Chapter 8); • historic environment (Chapter 8); • biodiversity and geological conservation (Chapter 8); • land use and socio-economic factors (Chapter 8); • civil and military aviation and defence interests (Chapter 8); • flood risk (Chapter 8); and • constructability;(Chapter 9)’

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

4 OTHER FACTORS CONSIDERED IN THE EVALUATION OF ROUTE CORRIDORS

4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 A wide range of factors was considered in preparing for the evaluation of corridor options. Some of these appear in the generic list of issues included in the Overarching NPS for Energy while others were put forward by stakeholders to the Stage 1 Consultation or by the project team. Those factors which were scoped out of the evaluation, because they could not assist in comparing the merits of different corridors, are discussed in the following paragraphs.

4.2 Air Quality and Emission 4.2.1 Although air quality and emissions is a generic effect included in the Overarching NPS for Energy, it would not be material in selecting a preferred corridor as: • the most likely effects which the scheme would have on air quality would be temporary, for example related to construction traffic during the construction phase and the venting of CO2 during the operation of the pipeline and associated infrastructure; and • experience suggests that there should be no significant difference between the corridors in terms of effects on air quality and emissions arising from the construction works.

4.3 Dust, Odour Artificial Light, Smoke, Steam and Insect Infestation 4.3.1 This generic effect, included in the Overarching NPS for Energy, would not be material in selecting a preferred corridor as: • the scheme would only have the potential to affect dust, odour and artificial light temporarily during the construction phase; and • experience suggests that there would be no significant difference between the corridors with regard to these effects.

4.4 Noise and Vibration 4.4.1 This generic effect, included in the Overarching NPS for Energy, would not be material in selecting a preferred corridor because any construction or operational noise and vibration would be temporary and mainly generic as between route corridor options.

4.5 Traffic and Transport Effects 4.5.1 This generic effect, included in the Overarching NPS for Energy, would not be material in selecting a preferred corridor because the only likely traffic and transport effects of the scheme would be temporary and related to construction traffic and other construction activities. There is no reason to suppose that the traffic and transport effects of developing one corridor should be any worse than those associated with another corridor. There would be little to distinguish between the corridors using this criterion but questions of relative accessibility of route corridor options during construction, and other access implications are considered as part of the constructability analysis below.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

4.6 Waste Management 4.6.1 This generic effect, included in the Overarching NPS for Energy, would not be material in selecting a preferred corridor because waste would only arise from construction operations and would not be distinctly different for the construction of the pipeline (and related apparatus) in any of the corridors.

4.7 Land Ownership 4.7.1 At this stage and in general, land ownership would not determine corridor selection. This is because access to land and easements will be sought at the stage the pipeline (and related apparatus) have been designed, there is no reason to suppose that agreements would be easier to reach on one corridor than another, and National Grid would have powers of compulsory acquisition. Certain types of land ownership would be more material to selection of above ground infrastructure sites and this is something that will be addressed in refining areas of search for above ground infrastructure sites. 4.7.2 Land ownership and liability for compensation payments, in line with statutory provisions, would be addressed through discussions with individual landowners once the pipeline, (and related apparatus), have been designed.

4.8 Effect on Residential Amenity 4.8.1 A number of individual respondents were concerned about the proximity to local villages and other housing in the area. The identification of corridors sought to avoid as far as possible the main built-up areas and areas where there are groups of residential properties with only small gaps between them. In some cases, proximity of route corridors to properties is unavoidable. 4.8.2 Effects on residential amenity can take various forms, including noise and construction disturbance. All these types of effect were mentioned in representations to the Stage 1 Consultation. These are considered in the Feedback Report on the Stage One Consultation and in Chapter 7 of this report. Further studies to be undertaken as the design of the pipeline (and related apparatus) and routeing are developed, would address such issues. It is also anticipated that a range of measures designed by National Grid to avoid and / or manage any amenity effects of pipeline works over the years would be deployed throughout the construction period.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

5 ROUTE CORRIDORS

5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 This section sets out the identification of alternative route corridor options for the onshore pipeline. 5.1.2 The Route Corridor Study identified a number of route corridor options broadly divided between 5 route corridor zones (labelled A to E), between the Don Valley Power Project site and the Yorkshire / Holderness Coast as illustrated below:

5.1.3 The Zones also included areas of search for above ground infrastructure sites (referred to as AGI Option Areas A, B, C North, C South, D North and D South with the possibility of a site also being located within Corridor Zone E) that are anticipated to be needed such as: • block valve sites at approximately 15km intervals; and • a pumping station prior to the pipeline going offshore. The exact size, design and location of the above ground infrastructure, block valves and pumping station are subject to on-going consideration.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

5.2 Route Corridor Options 5.2.1 Within the Zones a number of route corridor options have been defined as follows: • Zone A – 4 route corridor options (A1 to A4); • Zone B – 6 route corridor options (B1 to B6); • Zone C – 7 route corridor options (C1 to C7); • Zone D – 6 route corridor options (D1 to D611); • Zone E – 3 route corridor options (E1 to E3). Several potential several combinations are therefore possible and are identified later in this report. 5.2.2 The initial route corridor options (Zone A) progress from Stainforth and subsequently split into three possible options near Rawcliffe Bridge under the M18 and M62 motorways, close to the Dutch River. These options then converge north of Rawcliffe, to accommodate an area of search for a block valve site to the east of Drax. 5.2.3 The route corridor options (Zone B) then progress in an easterly direction, and broadly comprise options to cross either the River Ouse or River Derwent to the east of Selby. Route corridor options include an option to the north of Howden, an option to the north of Wressle or a combination of the two. Route corridor options then converge to the south of Holme on Spalding Moor to accommodate an area of search for a block valve site. 5.2.4 Route corridor options from this block valve search area then progress in an easterly direction (Zone C) and comprise a route corridor option to the south of Market Weighton and a route corridor option to the north of Hotham. The most southerly of these two route corridor options may necessitate a block valve site located to the west of Walkington. These route corridor options then converge on an area to the south of Middleton-on-the-Wolds and the north west of Bishop Burton to accommodate an area of search for a block valve site. 5.2.5 Route corridor options from this area then progress eastwards (Zone D) and comprise three broad alternatives: routing eastwards from Middleton-on-the- Wolds towards Hutton Cranswick and subsequently to south of Skome; routeing from the east of South Dalton towards Wilfholme; and routeing from the north of Bishop Burton towards the north of Beverley subsequently progressing in a north easterly direction to the north of Brandesburton. The most southerly of these options may require a block valve site to the north east of Beverley. A further area of search for a block valve site is included on the area surrounding North Frodingham before the route corridor options progress (Zone E) towards the Holderness Coast.

11 The Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture Transportation and Storage Route Corridor Study (MWH, November 2011) includes reference to Zone D7 which is located to the east of AGI Option Area D and can be viewed on figures associated with that report. As a stand alone zone, Zone D7 was removed during the consultation exercise and replaced with an enlarged Zone E as it was considered to cover too large an area to obtain appropriately focused comments from consultees. Issues identified in the Route Corridor Study relating to Zone D7 have been reallocated to the relevant section within Zone E (1,2 or 3) for the purpose of this report.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

5.2.6 Three broad landfall zone options for the pipeline are currently being considered on the Holderness Coast, namely an area to the east of Fraisthorpe, an area between Barmston and Ulrome and an area to the east of Skipsea.

5.3 Feasible Combinations of Route Corridor Options and AGI Option Areas 5.3.1 Although a variety of route corridor options are identified within each zone, together with options for alternative block valve site search areas linking Zone C with Zone D and Zone D with Zone E, in practice only certain combinations of route corridor options are feasible. These combinations are: Zone A A1 – A2; A1 – A3; A1 – A4; Zone B B1 – B6; B2 – B4 – B6; B2 – B5; B3 – B4 – B6; B3 – B5; Zone C C1 – C4 – C5; C1 – C4 – C6; C2 – C4 – C5; C2 – C4 – C6; C3 – C7; Zone D D1 – D4; D1 – D5; D2; D3 – D6; Zone E E1; E2; and E3. 5.3.2 The combined route corridor options, and the particular areas of search for block valve and other above ground infrastructure sites, are reflected in the Comparison Tables in Chapter 10.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

6 NATIONAL AND LOCAL POLICY CONTEXT

6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 The decision makers must give due consideration to the context provided by national and local policies, which are reviewed in this chapter of the report.

6.2 Context

6.3 Energy and Climate Change Policy 6.3.1 The 2007 White Paper12: “Meeting the Energy Challenge” sets out the Government’s international and domestic energy strategy to address the two main long term energy challenges faced by the UK : • tackling climate change by reducing carbon dioxide emissions both within the UK and abroad; and • ensuring secure, clean and affordable energy as the UK becomes increasingly dependent on imported fuel. 6.3.2 The strategy is based around the need to: • save energy; • develop cleaner energy supplies; and • secure reliable energy supplies at prices set in competitive markets. 6.3.3 It is based on the principle that independently regulated, competitive energy markets, are the most cost-effective and efficient way of delivering the Government's objectives.

6.4 UK Policy and Initiatives 6.4.1 In 2003 the UK Government announced “Our Energy Future – Creating a Low Carbon Economy” setting out 4 goals, one of which was to “put the UK on a path 13 to cut CO2 emissions” . 6.4.2 Through the Climate Change Act (2008) the UK Government has adopted legally binding targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050 relative to 1990 levels, with an interim target of at least 26% by 202014. 6.4.3 In July 2010 DECC published ‘2050 Pathways Analysis15, a report illustrating how it will be possible to meet the 80% target for reductions in CO2 emissions. Five of six illustrative pathways outlined in the report rely upon fossil fuel power generation equipped with CCS technology as part of the energy mix. Through successful implementation of CCS technology fossil fuel power stations could contribute approximately 30% of UK electricity production in 2050. 6.4.4 CCS is clearly predicted to contribute an important role in securing in the UK’s future energy supplies however a system for capturing and transporting large

12 HM Government: Meeting the Energy Challenge – A White Paper on Energy: May 2007 13 Energy White Paper Our Energy Future – Creating a Low Carbon Economy (DTI, 2003) 14 Climate Change Act (UK Government, 2008) 15Taken from DECC’s ‘2050 Pathway Analysis’ report 2010 (DECC, 2010)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

volumes of CO2 from power stations and industrial sources to suitable storage facilities does not currently exist in the UK. The latest draft Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1) acknowledges this, stating that: “The Government is leading international efforts to develop CCS. This includes supporting the cost of four commercial scale demonstration projects at UK power stations. The intention is that each of the projects will demonstrate the full chain of CCS involving the capture, transport and storage of carbon dioxide in the UK. These demonstration projects are therefore a priority for UK energy policy. The demonstration programme will also require the construction of essential infrastructure (such as pipelines and storage sites) that are sized and located both for the purpose of the demonstration programme and to take account of future demand beyond the demonstration phase. The IPC should take account of the importance the Government places on demonstrating CCS, and the potential deployment of this technology beyond the demonstration stage, in considering applications for consent of CCS projects and associated infrastructure.”16 6.4.5 In order to stimulate demonstration and subsequent deployment of CCS, the UK Government has developed a series of initiatives, including the following: • all new coal fired power stations in England and Wales are required to demonstrate CCS on at least 300MW (net) of total capacity as a condition of consent, with an expectation that coal fired power stations consented under these arrangements will fully install CCS by 202517; • the UK Government will continue public sector investment in CCS technology 18; • the Secretary of State may, by way of regulation, provide for an electricity supply levy to be charged in connection with provision of financial assistance in respect of CCS19; • the designation by DECC of Low Carbon Economic Areas (LCEA) which are intended to: “accelerate low carbon economic activity in areas where Britain’s existing geographic and industrial expertise give clear advantages….” “LCEAs will bring together, in a co-ordinated and strategic manner, local, regional and national stakeholders to leverage infrastructure development, planning policies, skills provision and investment.” 20

6.5 National Policy Statements 6.5.1 The Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1) 21 is part of a suite of National Policy Statements (NPS) laid before Parliament for approval by the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change.

16 Draft Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1) (DECC, June 2011) 17A framework for Clean Coal(Department of Energy and Climate Change, 2009) 18The Coalition: Our Programme for Government(Cabinet Office, 2010) 19 The Energy Act (UK Government, 2010) 20 DECC website, 28th August 2010 (DECC) 21 Department for Energy and Climate Change: Overarching Energy National Policy Statement: July 2011

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

6.5.2 This NPS (EN-1) approved by Parliament (18th July 2011) makes specific reference to Carbon Capture and Storage, stating that: “to meet emissions targets, dependency on unabated fossil fuel generating stations must be reduced. To help achieve this reduction but maintain security of supply, it is necessary to reduce carbon emissions particularly from coal- fired generating stations. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has the potential to reduce carbon emissions by up to 90%”. 6.5.3 It goes on: “The Government is leading international efforts to develop CCS. This includes supporting the cost of four commercial scale demonstration projects at UK power stations. The intention is that each of the projects will demonstrate the full chain of CCS involving the capture, transport and storage of carbon dioxide in the UK. These demonstration projects are therefore a priority for UK energy policy. The demonstration programme will also require the construction of essential infrastructure (such as pipelines and storage sites) that are sized and located both for the purpose of the demonstration programme and to take account of future demand beyond the demonstration phase”. 6.5.4 The NPS recognises that: “A number of fossil fuel generating stations will have to close by the end of 2015. Although this capacity may be replaced by new nuclear and renewable generating capacity in due course, it is clear that there must be some fossil fuel generating capacity to provide back-up for when generation from intermittent renewable generating capacity is low and to help with the transition to low carbon electricity generation. It is important that such fossil fuel generating capacity should become low carbon, through development of CCS, in line with carbon reduction targets. Therefore there is a need for CCS fossil fuel generating stations and the need for the CCS demonstration projects is urgent”. 6.5.5 With regard to transportation: “The most likely method for transporting the captured carbon dioxide is through pipelines. These will be located both onshore and offshore. There are currently no carbon dioxide pipelines in the UK and considerable future investment in pipelines will be required for the purpose of the demonstration programme. If CCS is deployed more widely, it is likely that these initial investments could form the basis of a wider carbon dioxide pipeline network, which is likely to require greater capacity pipelines. In considering applications the IPC should therefore take into account that the Government wants developers to bear in mind foreseeable future developments when considering the size and route of their investments and may therefore propose pipeline with a greater capacity than necessary for the project alone. Para 4.7.7

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

6.6 Planning Policy Statements 6.6.1 There are a number of Planning Policy Statements, which are of relevance to this project and which have an important bearing on issues of development and land use. It should be noted however that these will be superseded once the draft National Planning Policy Framework (referred to earlier in this report in Section 3.3.2) is approved. 6.6.2 Planning Policy Guidance notes (PPGs) and their replacements Planning Policy Statements (PPSs) are prepared by the government after public consultation to explain statutory provisions and provide guidance to local authorities and others on planning policy and the operation of the planning system. They are material considerations in determining applications for development. In considering these documents, the emphasis is on identifying those sections which may influence corridor selection and/or indicate the weight which should be placed on certain factors used to guide the selection. 6.6.3 Planning Policy Statement 1: Delivering Sustainable Development22 states that: "the Government is committed to protecting and enhancing the quality of the natural and historic environment, in both rural and urban areas. Planning policies should seek to protect and enhance the quality, character and amenity value of the countryside and urban areas as a whole. A high level of protection should be given to most valued townscapes and landscapes, wildlife habitats and natural resources. Those with national and international designations should receive the highest level of protection." 6.6.4 Planning and Climate Change: Supplement to Planning Policy Statement 123 states that tackling climate change is a Government priority for the planning system and sets out how planning should contribute to reducing emissions and stabilising climate change and take into account its unavoidable consequences. It notes that planning authorities should adopt policies which are designed to promote and not restrict renewable and low-carbon energy and supporting infrastructure. 6.6.5 The draft NPPF states that “the purpose of the planning system is to contribute to the achievement of sustainable development”. It goes on .. “The Government’s objective is that planning should fully support the transition to a low carbon economy in a changing climate, taking full account of flood risk and coastal change”. 6.6.6 Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment24 states that: "there should be a presumption in favour of the conservation of designated heritage assets and the more significant the designated heritage asset, the greater the presumption in favour of its conservation should be...... Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of

22 Planning Policy Statement 1: Delivering Sustainable Development : Office of the Deputy Prime Minister : January 2005 23 Planning and Climate Change: Supplement to Planning Policy Statement 1 : Department for Communities and Local Government : December 2007 24 Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment : Department for Communities and Local Government : March 2010 25

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

the highest significance, including scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings and grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional." It goes on to state that where developments might adversely affect the setting of a heritage asset, local planning authorities should weigh any such harm against the wider benefits of the application. The greater the negative effect on the significance of the heritage asset, the greater the benefits that will be needed to justify approval. 6.6.7 In October 2011 further guidance was issued in the document 'The Setting of Heritage Assets: English Heritage Guidance'. This sets out advice on managing change within the settings of archaeological remains and historic buildings, sites, areas, and landscapes. It provides detailed guidance intended to assist implementation of Planning Policy Statement 5: and the historic environment provisions of the National Policy Statements for nationally significant infrastructure projects. 6.6.8 Within the draft NPPF the Government’s objectives for planning for the historic environment are to: • conserve heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance; and • contribute to our knowledge and understanding of our past by capturing evidence from the historic environment and making this publicly available, particularly where a heritage asset is to be lost 6.6.9 Planning Policy Statement 7: Sustainable Development in Rural Areas25 states that planning authorities should continue to ensure that the quality and character of the wider countryside is protected and, where possible, enhanced. They should have particular regard to any areas that have been statutorily designated for their landscape, wildlife or historic qualities where greater priority should be given to restraint of potentially damaging development. 6.6.10 The Government recognises and accepts that there are areas of landscape outside nationally designated areas that are particularly highly valued locally, and considers that criteria-based policies in Local Development Documents (LDDs) should provide sufficient protection for these areas. 6.6.11 PPS7 states that the presence of best and most versatile agricultural land (defined as land in grades 1, 2 and 3a of the Agricultural Land Classification), should be taken into account alongside other sustainability considerations. Little weight in agricultural terms should be given to the loss of agricultural land in grades 3b, 4 and 5. 6.6.12 PPS7 recognises that tourism and leisure activities are: "vital to many rural economies. As well as sustaining many rural businesses, these industries are a significant source of employment and help to support the prosperity of country towns and villages, and sustain historic country houses, local heritage and culture."

25 Planning Policy Statement 7: Sustainable Development in Rural Areas : Office of the Deputy Prime Minister : August 2004 26

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

6.6.13 The draft NPPF states that “planning policies should support sustainable economic growth in rural areas by taking a positive approach to new development”. It goes on “Planning strategies should maintain a prosperous rural economy including policies to: • support the sustainable growth of rural businesses • promote the development and diversification of agricultural businesses; and • support sustainable rural tourism and leisure developments that benefit rural businesses, communities and visitors and which respect the character of the countryside”. 6.6.14 Planning Policy Statement 9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation26 makes it clear that nationally and internationally designated sites should be given a high degree of protection under the planning system. Proposals affecting sites of regional and local biodiversity and geological interest, should be judged against criteria-based policies in local development documents Ancient woodland should be protected unless the need for, and benefits of, the development in that location outweigh the loss of the woodland habitat. Through policies in plans, local authorities should also conserve other important natural habitat types that have been identified in the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 200027 Section 74 list, as being of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity in England. The maintenance of networks of natural habitats is also promoted by PPS9. 6.6.15 The draft NPPF states that: “the planning system should aim to conserve and enhance the natural and local environment by: • protecting valued landscapes and • minimising impacts on biodiversity and providing net gains in biodiversity, where possible”. 6.6.16 The draft NPPF goes on, the planning system should also maintain the character of the undeveloped coast, protecting and enhancing its distinctive landscapes, particularly in areas defined as Heritage Coast, and improve public access to and enjoyment of the coast. 6.6.17 Planning Policy Guidance Note 24 Planning and Noise28 states that the effect of noise can be a material consideration in the determination of planning applications. It recognises that much of the development which is necessary for the creation of jobs and the construction and improvement of essential infrastructure will generate noise. It states that, while local planning authorities must ensure that development does not cause an unacceptable degree of disturbance, the planning system should not place unjustifiable obstacles in the way of such development.

26 Planning Policy Statement 9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation : Office of the Deputy Prime Minister : August 2005 27 Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 c37 28 Planning Policy Guidance Note 24 Planning and Noise : Office of the Deputy Prime Minister : September 1994

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

6.6.18 PPG24 notes that a number of measures can be introduced to control the source of, or limit exposure to, noise, including maintaining a degree of separation between the noise source and noise-sensitive properties. Special consideration is required where noisy development is proposed in or near Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) and for development which would affect the quiet enjoyment of designated areas. 6.6.19 The draft NPPF states that the “Government’s objective is that planning should help to deliver a healthy natural environment for the benefit of everyone and safe places which promote wellbeing”. To achieve this objective, the planning system should aim to prevent both new and existing development from contributing to or being put at unacceptable risk from, or being adversely affected by unacceptable levels of land, air, water or noise pollution. 6.6.20 Planning Policy Statement 25 Development and Flood Risk29 states that all forms of flooding and their effect on the natural and built environment are material planning considerations. The aims of planning policy on development and flood risk are to ensure that flood risk is taken into account at all stages in the planning process to avoid inappropriate development in areas at risk of flooding, and to direct development away from areas at highest risk. Where new development is, exceptionally, necessary in such areas, policy aims to make it safe without increasing flood risk elsewhere and where possible, reducing flood risk overall. PPS25 applies a sequential test such that new development should be directed to sites at the lowest probability of flooding from all sources. 6.6.21 The draft NPPF recognises the need to minimise vulnerability to climate change and manage the risk of flooding. New development should be planned to avoid increased vulnerability to impacts arising from climate change. When new development is brought forward in areas which are vulnerable, care should be taken to ensure that risks can be managed through suitable adaptation measures, including through the planning of green infrastructure.

6.7 Regional Plan 6.7.1 Regional planning policies are contained in the Yorkshire and Humber Regional Strategy. The Coalition Government has announced its intention to revoke Regional Spatial Strategies, as provided for in clause 89 of the Localism Bill. 6.7.2 The Localism Bill provides for the abolition of Regional Strategies and is expected to be enacted in November 2011; although the abolition of individual Regional Strategies is not expected to take effect until the consequence of abolition has been the subject of Strategic Environmental Assessment. Until the Regional Plan is formally abolished it remains, therefore, part of the statutory Development Plan. The current state of play is that decisions must be in accordance with the statutory Development Plan unless material considerations require otherwise. In the meantime, LPAs are entitled to take account of the Government's intention to abolish Regional Strategies as a material consideration but the weight to be given will for the time being be limited. For this reason the relevant policies of the Regional Plan are outlined below.

29 Planning Policy Statement 25 Development and Flood Risk : Department for Communities and Local Government : March 2010

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

6.7.3 Policy YH2 ‘Climate change and resource use’ includes carbon capture as a means to assist in meeting the target set out in the RES to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the region in 2016 by 20-25%. 6.7.4 Policy ENV5: ‘Energy’ states that: “the Region will maximise improvements to energy efficiency and increases in renewable energy capacity. Plans, strategies, investment decisions and programmes should reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy efficiency and maximise the efficient use of power sources by: …supporting the use of clean coal technologies and abatement measures”

6.8 Development Plans 6.8.1 The planning framework for the Area of Search is set by a number of documents. The Doncaster Unitary Development Plan was adopted July 1998 and will be in use until superseded by the LDF (expected to be fully adopted by January 2013). The Selby District Local Plan was adopted February 2005. A number of policies have been saved until the adoption of the LDF, which is expected to be fully adopted by June 2013. 6.8.2 Within the East Riding of Yorkshire there are a number of adopted local plans, including those for Beverley Borough (adopted June 1996), Boothferry Borough (adopted April 1999), Holderness District (adopted April 1999) and the East Yorkshire Borough Wide (adopted June 1997). 6.8.3 All these plans contain policies which aim to protect the environment, including:- • protecting the countryside from unnecessary and inappropriate development; • conserving the built heritage; • conserving the wildlife resources (including international wildlife sites, national wildlife sites, and locally designated sites of importance for nature conservation, river and stream corridors); • conserving the landscape (including conservation and enhancement of locally important landscape areas, parks and gardens, trees and woodlands and ancient woodlands); and • sites of archaeological importance (including scheduled monuments and important archaeological sites, historic parks and gardens, conservation areas, listed buildings and other archaeological remains. 6.8.4 Within the Selby District Local Plan Policy EMP10 ‘Additional Industrial Development at Drax and Eggborough Power Stations’ states that: “Additional industrial/business development may be permitted at or close to Drax and Eggborough power stations provided the proposal: 1) Is directly related to the process of generating electricity, either by making use of by-products from the power station or utilising a direct source of electricity; 2) Would be suitably linked to the strategic highway and rail networks and would not create conditions prejudicial to highway safety;

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

3) Would not create environmental problems associated with noise, smell or water pollution or dust emissions; 4) Would not have a significant adverse effect on residential amenity in nearby settlements; 5) Would be related to existing development and would be well screened, including provision for earth mounding and strategic off-site planting; and 6) Would not harm nature conservation interests or sites” 6.8.5 The Local Plans for the East Riding of Yorkshire also include policies relating to the protection and conservation of the Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value. 6.8.6 In addition to the local plans listed above North Yorkshire County Council has saved policies from the North Yorkshire Waste Local Plan (Adopted 2006) and the North Yorkshire Minerals Local Plan (Adopted December 1997). The North Yorkshire Minerals and Waste Development Framework is expected to be fully adopted by December 2013. 6.8.7 With respect to minerals the County Council has adopted policies to ensure an adequate and steady supply of minerals and has identified areas for future mineral extraction. A number of these are within the Area of Search and have been identified within the route corridor options where appropriate. 6.8.8 As outlined above the Localism Bill is expected to be enacted in November 2011. On abolition of the Regional Plan, Local Plans, incorporating neighbourhood plans where relevant, will be the statutory Development Plan for the determination of any planning application. 6.8.9 The presumption in favour of sustainable development within the NPPF will require that development proposals that accord with statutory plans should be granted planning consent without delay; and where the plan is absent, silent, indeterminate or where relevant policies are out of date planning permission should still be granted unless the adverse impacts of allowing development would significantly and demonstrably outweigh the benefits, when assessed against the policies in the NPPF taken as a whole.

6.9 Legal Protections for Habitats and Species 6.9.1 In addition, to the draft National Planning Policy Framework and National Policy Statements referred to above there is a range of other environmental Directives legislation and regulations which are of relevance to the project. These include for example: • Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) This Act provides protection for Britain's flora and fauna. Particular protection is afforded to certain species listed in Schedules to the Act although the degree and nature of the protection varies. Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (Part 4) lists birds which are afforded special protection. Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act lists animals which are afforded special protection. This Schedule makes it an offence to damage, destroy or obstruct access to, any structure or place which any Schedule 5 animal inhabits. For certain species, different levels of

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

protection are afforded. Schedule 8 of the Act lists species of plants which are afforded special protection. • Countryside and Right of Way Act 2000 The Act provides for public access on foot to certain types of land, amends the law relating to public rights of way, increases protection for Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and strengthens wildlife enforcement legislation, and provides for better management of Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Specific to nature conservation and wildlife protection the Act underpins the Government’s commitment to the long- term conservation of biodiversity in accordance with the Convention on Biological Diversity. Schedule 12 of the Act amends the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, strengthening the legal protection for threatened species. • The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010. The European Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (92/43/EEC) was instigated to schedule important wildlife sites through the EC as Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and to give protection to habitats and species listed in the Directive as being threatened or of community interest. Annex I of the Directive lists habitat types which are regarded as being of European importance included within which are a number of ‘priority habitat types’ which are habitats regarded as being in danger of disappearance and whose natural range falls broadly within the European Union. Annex II lists individual species that are considered to be of European importance. Annex IVa lists animal species of community interest in need of strict protection. This European legislation has been translated into UK law under the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c) Regulations. In the event of harm to the integrity of a European protected site, then consent should only be granted absent alternatives 6.9.2 The constraints represented by the designated habitats which these elements of legislation present are identified as part of the analysis undertaken by the Route Corridor Study and are taken into account in selecting a preferred route corridor.

6.10 Stage 1 Consultation Representations 6.10.1 Although the representations from the local planning authorities did not refer to specific national or local policies, it may be inferred that their representations were made in the context of this policy background. 6.10.2 Stakeholders consulted on the Route Corridor Study drew attention to legally protected sites, habitats and species which they considered had not been referred to in the draft of the Route Corridor Study the subject of consultation. 6.10.3 No recommendations were made with regard to corridor preference. 6.10.4 The decision taken on the preferred corridor will give appropriate weight to the national and local planning policies and to the protections afforded to particular habitats and sites.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

6.11 Comparison of Route Corridors 6.11.1 National energy policy is generally supportive of CCS pipeline projects. 6.11.2 An important consideration in the comparison of route corridors is the degree to which the individual route corridors would affect areas which are designated in national and local planning policies. These features are identified in the Comparison Tables for the route corridors which are included in Chapter 10 of this report.

6.12 Conclusions of results 6.12.1 The principal matters which can be derived from an analysis of policy at national, regional and local level are: • at the national level, the need for low carbon electricity generation has been established and CCS will be an important part of this process. The need for CCS demonstration projects is urgent, and, the most likely method for transporting the captured carbon dioxide both onshore and offshore is through pipelines; • national and local policies emphasise that great weight should be placed on the protection of areas statutorily designated for wildlife or historic value; • where schemes affect such areas, the need to do so must be established and alternatives properly considered; and • local policies reiterate the protection of statutorily designated sites and identify further the need to protect and conserve locally important designated sites and areas, including specifically the Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value. 6.12.2 This report considers the potential effects of the corridors on environmental assets and their performance against planning policies can be judged accordingly.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

7 STAGE 1 CONSULTATION REPRESENTATIONS

7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 The extensive Stage 1 Consultation exercise sought inputs from stakeholders and the wider public. This section of the report summarises the representations from different parties, focussing on the main issues raised and their views on particular corridors. Further information is presented in the Feedback Report on the Stage One Consultation, which reviews in detail the issues raised by respondents, how these have been taken into account to date and how they will influence the development as it progresses. The way in which specific issues have been taken into account is also addressed in Chapter 8 of this report.

7.2 Representations on Route Corridor Study 7.2.1 In addition to being invited to take part in the Stage One Consultation, a number of stakeholders and other parties were also invited to provide feedback on the draft RCS. The following bodies responded to, this invitation: • Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council; • East Riding of Yorkshire Council; • North Yorkshire County Council; • Selby District Council; • British Waterways; • English Heritage; • Environment Agency; • Natural England; and • Humber Archaeological Partnership 7.2.2 Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council suggested that the RCS did not include a number of locations of interest, including Fishlake Conservation Area. It was also noted that the South Yorkshire Archaeological Service felt that the Archaeology and Cultural Heritage section should take account of undesignated heritage assets. 7.2.3 East Riding of Yorkshire Council (ERYC) referred to a number of environmental constraints that should be taken into account in determining the preferred route corridor. These included the River Derwent and Lower Derwent Valley Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) and Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) crossed by option 1 in Zone B. It was noted that in this case, route corridor options 2 or 3 in Zone B should be evaluated further. ERYC also highlighted two former Ministry of Defence sites that were not noted in the RCS as sites of potential unexploded ordnance. 7.2.4 North Yorkshire Country Council commented that an archaeological assessment should be undertaken as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment for the project.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

7.2.5 Selby District Council suggested that, in relation to Zone A, two major schemes are expected to be developed at Drax (a new biomass power station) and Rusholme (a wind farm). 7.2.6 It was noted by British Waterways that all of the proposed route options traverse the commercial waterways of the Stainforth and Keadby canal, Aire and Calder navigation and River Ouse. As such, further consultation was suggested once the preferred route option is selected. 7.2.7 English Heritage suggested that the route corridors pass over areas of considerable archaeological importance, including the Yorkshire Wolds and Humberhead Levels and that undesignated archaeology should be taken into consideration as part of the RCS. 7.2.8 The Environment Agency suggested that flooding is an important issue in the area covered by the route options and stated that the proposed project should not adversely affect floodplain drainage mechanisms and that it should be made “adequately resilient” from flooding. It recommended that National Grid contact the relevant drainage boards and local flood authorities. 7.2.9 The Environment Agency further stated that “robust mitigation measures” would be required where the route potentially passes Source Protection Zones (SPZs) where water resources are used for human consumption. It recommended that care would also need to be taken where the proposed pipeline might cross contaminated land. 7.2.10 Natural England argued that the route corridor options cover, or are in proximity to, a number of designated areas and that care must be taken to avoid any adverse effects on those areas. Specific mention was made of the River Derwent and Lower Derwent Valley SACs crossed by option 1 in Zone B. It was noted that a Habitats Regulations Assessment would be required were this option chosen. 7.2.11 The Humber Archaeological Partnership suggested that the route corridors pass through important archaeological areas, including the Humberhead Levels, Vale of York, Yorkshire Wolds, Hull Valley, and Holderness Plain and that a range of archaeological studies and investigations should be undertaken on the final route options. 7.2.12 Were additional detail on the Area of Search and the route corridors was provided the Route Corridor Study has been amended as appropriate.

7.3 Parish Councils 7.3.1 Responses were received from six parish councils during Stage One Consultation: • Airmyn Parish Council; • Beswick Parish Council; • Skern and Wansford Parish Council; • Newland Parish Council; • Long Drax Parish Council; and • South Cave Parish Council.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

7.3.2 The main issue raised by the parish councils was the potential for disruption to local communities during construction of the project, including traffic disruption on smaller local roads. Representations on individual route corridor options are summarised in the Comparison Tables in Chapter 10 of this report. 7.3.3 One parish council noted the “minimum of disruption” during construction of a previous pipeline project in the area. 7.3.4 The potential safety implications for local wildlife and agriculture in the event of a leak were also queried by several parish councils. It was also noted that the route option selected should take account of other existing infrastructure (such as wind farms and historical sites). Two parish councils also noted their general support for the project. 7.3.5 Location-specific points were also raised by two parish councils. Newland Parish Council specifically noted the Newland wind farm and Scurff Hall as locations that should be considered when determining the preferred route, as well as noting that the River Aire in the Newland area suffers from poor banks and flood defences that might be affected by the proposed pipeline. 7.3.6 Beswick Parish Council made specific mention of the Hudson Way (located in Zone C), noting its “high amenity value” for recreation. In this regard it was noted that care should be taken to account for the potential visual effect of the preferred route corridor and ensure full land restoration post-construction.

7.4 Thorntree Drainage Board 7.4.1 Thorntree Drainage Board made several comments specific to the options in Zone A, commenting that land drainage is an issue in area along the proposed route options, that maintaining the integrity of such drainage systems is “essential” and that the Board must be consulted if any managed drains are to be crossed. It was also suggested that previous pipeline project proposals in the area had experienced difficulty crossing water courses in the area (e.g. the Dutch River).

7.5 Other organisations 7.5.1 Responses were also received from pre-existing local bodies and other parties during the Stage One Consultation. These included: • Campaign for the Protection of Rural England (CPRE) Yorkshire and Selby Branch • North Cave Wetlands Reserve • Friends of the Earth 7.5.2 The main issue raised concerned the need to consider the local environment in determining the preferred route for the proposed project. Representations on individual route corridor options are summarised in the Comparison Tables in Chapter 10 of this report. 7.5.3 North Cave Wetlands Reserve suggested that an extension to the reserve granted in 2007-2008 (immediately bordering route corridor option C3 in Zone C) appeared not to have been included in the project maps made public during the consultation, adding that planned lakes in the expanded area could be up to 10 meters deep.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

7.5.4 Friends of the Earth commented that the Yorkshire Wolds is an area of “particular environmental and landscape value” that should be recognised as such in planning the route for the pipeline. They also suggested that, in relation to the offshore element, care should be taken to avoid any adverse effects on planned offshore wind farms. 7.5.5 CPRE (Yorkshire and Selby Branch) commented that the environmental studies produced as part of the future project development should be in the public domain.

7.6 General Public 7.6.1 A total of 140 responses were received from members of the public. This section provides an overview of the main issues raised across all the representations from the public. Representations on individual route corridor options and AGI Option Areas are summarised in the Comparison Tables in Chapter 10 of this report. 7.6.2 Environment Environmental issues were raised by a majority of respondents to the consultation and were noted in responses to each of the questions on the feedback form. Concerns were raised that, in developing and constructing the proposed project, care should be taken to avoid or minimise any adverse effects on the local environment. For example, the pipeline should be routed away from environmentally sensitive areas and that efforts should be undertaken during construction to minimise any disturbance to flora and fauna. The specific issue of coastal erosion was also raised as an important consideration in determining the route for the proposed pipeline, with a number of respondents commenting on the prevalence of such erosion along the area of East Yorkshire coast relevant to the project and raising concern that the project does not exacerbate it. In relation to the offshore element of the project, several respondents queried the potential effect of the project on the marine environment, stating that it was important to protect the valuable shellfish fisheries along the area of East Yorkshire coast relevant to the project. A number of respondents also suggested that minimising the potential visual effects of the project on the landscape and environment should be an important consideration in identifying the preferred route corridor. A number of respondents recorded their support for the project based on the potential environmental benefits of CCS technology, in terms of minimising the carbon dioxide emissions from the proposed power station and potentially connecting to additional power stations or industrial facilities in the region in the future. 7.6.3 Disruption Approximately a third of respondents raised concerns relating to the potential disruption that might be caused during the construction of the proposed project. Of these, the majority were concerned that care and consideration should be taken to avoid creating disruption or delay to local roads, either through increased traffic on small country roads, or through the closure or alteration of local roads as part of the construction process.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

A small number of respondents also noted that care must be taken to ensure that all land disturbed during the construction of the proposed project be properly restored to its original condition. 7.6.4 Socio-economic Approximately a third of respondents raised issues of a socio-economic nature. Of these, the majority were concerned about the potential effect of the proposed project on local business and agriculture. Most of these concerns related to local farms and farming, with respondents noting that it is an important consideration that the project should not have a detrimental effect on their farming and other agricultural operations. A few respondents also noted the potential local investment benefits that could potentially be realised through the project, with several noting that local suppliers and contractors should be used where possible in developing the project. 7.6.5 Infrastructure and development A number of respondents raised issues relating to existing and proposed infrastructure and development in the area. Concerns were raised by some that the proposed project should avoid crossing land traversed by existing pipelines as this could potentially cause further disruption to properties and businesses previously affected by pipeline construction projects. Conversely, several respondents noted that following a similar route to existing pipelines might be beneficial, providing existing local knowledge and environmental data. Some respondents also raised concerns regarding the potential effect of the proposed project on existing and proposed wind farms (both on- and offshore) with a small number concerned that the project could adversely affect proposals or that the potential combined development of the project and new wind farms in certain areas might create undue disruption. It was also noted by several respondents that there are local community plans to redevelop a defunct railway line between York and Beverley that should be taken into consideration in determining the route of the pipeline. 7.6.6 Proximity to housing Several respondents raised concerns regarding the potential proximity of the pipeline to local villages and other housing in the areas near to or covered by the route corridor options. The overriding concern was that the pipeline should be routed to avoid coming into close proximity to such locations. 7.6.7 Drainage and Flooding A further issue raised by a number of respondents related to land drainage and flooding. Respondents noted that it is important that drainage systems and water courses crossed by the proposed pipeline are maintained in their current condition so as to prevent any potential increase in the risk of local flooding. It was also noted that it is important to take account of the potential effect of flooding on the proposed pipeline.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

7.6.8 Project Need The issue of whether the project was needed was identified by a small number of respondents. The cost of the project and the wider climate change debate were raised in this context. 7.6.9 CCS Technology Some respondents raised queries relating to CCS as a technology. These included concerns over the safety of the technology, the effect of any onshore leak and the effect of any earthquake on the offshore element of the project. Queries were also raised over the offshore storage capacity. 7.6.10 General support or objection Although respondents were not formally asked to state their support or objection to specific route corridor options or the project in general, a number of respondents noted either a preference for a specific route corridor option or options within each route corridor Zone or their support for the project in general without providing any substantive reason for their preference or support. Conversely, some respondents raised general objections to the project.

7.7 Representations in Relation to Zone A 7.7.1 This section provides a summary of the comments received from the public in relation to the route corridor options in Zone A. The main themes were: • the proximity of the route corridor options to housing in the area; • the potential effect of the proposed project on drainage and flooding; • the potential disruption that could result during the construction phase of the project; • the prevalence of existing pipeline infrastructure in the area; and • general environmental concerns regarding the effect of the proposed project. 7.7.2 Respondents expressing support for the options in Zone A, noted that the options appeared logical and well thought out. 7.7.3 Respondents expressing an objection to the proposed project commented on the disruption caused by previous pipeline projects. 7.7.4 Respondents noting general environmental concerns in relation to Zone A, raised concerns over the potential effect on wildlife in the area and ensuring the minimum disruption to flora and fauna. 7.7.5 Respondents raising concerns regarding the effect of the proposed project on personal welfare, noted the potential effect on “human life”. 7.7.6 Further issues raised in relation to the route corridor options in Zone A included concern that the proposed project should minimise the effect of construction on local infrastructure, including minimising traffic during construction (highlighting the Rawcliffe – Goole road specifically), and on drainage and water courses that protect from flooding. It was also noted that consideration should be taken with regard to the energy used to construct the pipeline (in view of the core objective of the project to reduce carbon dioxide emissions).

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

7.8 Representations in Relation to Zone B 7.8.1 The main themes in relation to Zone B concerned: • proximity of the route corridor options to housing in the area; • potential effect of the proposed project on drainage and flooding; • potential disruption during the construction phase of the project; • prevalence of existing pipeline infrastructure in the area; and • general environmental concerns. 7.8.2 Respondents that raised general objection to the options cited disruption to farmland deemed to have been caused by previous pipeline projects in the area, and general concerns regarding the potential effect on land drainage in the area, stating that attention must be paid to ensuring this is not adversely affected by the proposed project. It was also noted that construction should take place during dry weather where possible. 7.8.3 Concern was also raised with regard to compensation for landowners. 7.8.4 Respondents were concerned that the project should cause the minimum of disruption to local roads during construction (highlighting the Bubwith – Howden road specifically). 7.8.5 Concerns were raised regarding the potential effect of the proposed project on flooding, noting that the area is prone to floods and emphasising the need to maintain the condition of water courses and land drainage. 7.8.6 The issue of the safety of the proposed pipeline was also raised, noting concern over the potential effect of a leak of carbon dioxide in the Vale of York. 7.8.7 As for Zone A, respondents noted general environmental concerns in relation to Zone B. Comments raised concerns regarding the potential effect of the proposed project on wildlife in the area and ensuring the minimum of disruption to flora and fauna. 7.8.8 Further issues raised in relation to the route corridor options in Zone B included the suggestion that the pipeline be routed along local Rivers and out to sea rather than across land, concern regarding the potential effect on the local water table and, as for Zone A above, comments noting concern regarding the potential effect on “human life”.

7.9 Representations in Relation to Zone C 7.9.1 In summary the main themes in relation to Zone C were: • general environmental concerns regarding the effect of the proposed project; • the potential effect of the project on the redevelopment of rail-infrastructure in the area; and • the potential disruption that could result during the construction phase of the project. 7.9.2 As for Zones A and B, respondents noted general environmental concerns in relation to Zone C, regarding the potential effect of the proposed project on wildlife in the area and ensuring the minimum of disruption to flora and fauna.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

7.9.3 Further issues raised in relation to the route corridor options in Zone C included ensuring land drains are maintained to prevent flooding and that land is properly restored, avoiding proximity to housing and avoiding adverse effect on traffic during construction. As for Zones A and B above, comments noted concern regarding the potential effect on “human life”.

7.10 Representations In Relation To Zone D 7.10.1 The main themes were: • the potential effect on environmentally sensitive areas, • the proximity of the route corridor options to housing in the area; and • the potential disruption that could result during the construction phase of the project. 7.10.2 Respondents raised concerns regarding the potential effect of construction of the proposed project on local roads, the potential effect of the proposed project on the local water table, and the safety of the proposed project and the potential effect of a large leak of carbon dioxide from the pipeline. 7.10.3 As for the Zones above, respondents noted the general environmental concerns in relation to Zone D. 7.10.4 Further issues raised in relation to the options in Zone D included the potential difficulty of tunnelling under the River Hull; the potential of a route to connect with the Saltend power station near Hull and concern that drainage and water courses are maintained to avoid flooding. 7.10.5 As above concern was noted regarding the potential effect on “human life”.

7.11 Representations in Relation to Zone E 7.11.1 In summary the main themes in relation to Zone E concerned fears relating to: • coastal erosion; • effects on existing and proposed wind farms and cumulative effects on the area; and • effects on planned developments in the area. 7.11.2 Three respondents expressed their unconditional support for the options in Zone E. 7.11.3 Four respondents raised concern regarding the potential effect of coastal erosion on the proposed project or the potential effect of the project on such erosion. 7.11.4 Respondents noted that consideration should be taken of other onshore and offshore wind farm developments in the area, including the potential cumulative disruption during construction. 7.11.5 Further issues raised in relation to the options in Zone E included concerns relating to potential disruption during the construction phase, potential effect on the local water table, and potential effect on wildlife and sea life. It was also noted that care should be taken to avoid disruption to agriculture, land drainage and local roads.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS

8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 This section of the report summarises findings of the Route Corridor Study concerning the environmental and socio economic characteristics of the route corridor options under consideration including: heritage assets and their settings, sites designated for their ecological value, landscape, land uses within route corridor options, civil aviation and military interests, and water resources (both above and below ground). 8.1.2 Within the Route Corridor Study features, including environmental designations, have been identified within each potential route corridor option. These features were then assessed in terms of whether it would be possible or not to avoid the feature and categorised as ‘unavoidable’ or ‘avoidable’. Where a feature is unavoidable, the sensitivity of substantial conflict with it has been has been categorised using the following guidelines : • Very High - of such significance in its own right that in the event of substantial conflict with the feature, authorisation for a site and or route within a route corridor may not be granted because of the issue. Alternative sites / route corridors would need to be seriously considered and adopted unless there are compelling reasons not to do so. • High - although unlikely to lead to a refusal of permission in its own right, if combined with other issues, it may lead in the event of substantial conflict to a refusal, and alternative sites / route corridors should be considered. Although interface with the feature should generally be capable of successful resolution through the adoption of, for example, a trenchless construction technique, the process of doing so may nevertheless require significant attention during construction. • Moderate - any substantial conflict should be capable of successful resolution through the adoption of construction techniques which, although commonly used, involve a modification of the normal method of working. • Minor - any substantial conflict should be capable of successful resolution through the adoption of standard construction techniques or mitigation measures. These definitions have been adopted in the following sections of this chapter in relation to specific considerations. 8.1.3 This chapter summarises the unavoidable features within each route corridor options. In determining whether or not a feature is unavoidable, mainly the scope for direct physical interface is considered. Further information on the ‘avoidable’ features is included in the Route Corridor Study. Where appropriate, and where they provide a differentiation between route corridor options, reference has been made in the Comparison Tables in Chapter 10 of this report to avoidable features.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

8.2 Heritage Context 8.2.1 Within the Area of Search, as defined in the Route Corridor Study, there are no World Heritage Sites. There are however: • 158 Scheduled Monuments • 6 Registered Parks and Gardens • 63 Conservation Areas • Numerous listed buildings • 1 National Trust Property 8.2.2 The Route Corridor Study explains how the corridors were identified seeking to avoid heritage assets. The corridors do not contain any unavoidable Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks and Gardens or Conservation Areas. It was not possible to avoid listed buildings within the corridors. 8.2.3 Listed buildings and Conservation Areas are protected under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and this requires local planning authorities to have special regard to the desirability of preserving the setting of a listed building or conservation area. It also requires planning proposals to meet the test of determining the extent to which a development affects view to and from a Listed Building or Conservation Area. PPS5. Setting is defined in PPS5 as the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. The degree to which any individual site is affected cannot be assessed accurately until such time as the design, including the route alignment, and sites for block valves and AGIs, have been identified, however the data on known constraints will be used to influence it. The aim will be to minimise visual effects on Conservation Areas and Listed Buildings and their settings, whichever corridor is selected. 8.2.4 The ‘setting’ of a Scheduled Monument is protected under the 1979 Ancient Monuments and Areas of Archaeological Importance Act. However, setting is not defined within the Act and is typically taken to refer to the immediate area around a protected site, for example the curtilage of a building or as stated in PPS5, the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. English Heritage has recently issued guidance on setting of historic features. This document echoes the Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide supporting PPS 5 that states that setting is the surroundings in which an asset is experienced, that views to or from an asset can play an important part in appreciating the asset and that other factors such as extensive (or multiple) heritage assets, landscape character, inter- visibility, designed views and changes over time can influence how sensitive the setting of an asset is to change.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

8.2.5 Many Scheduled Monuments have a very limited or no above ground signature, and are not visited by the public. Many were never intended to have prominence or dominance in the landscape in which they were built and were not built with deliberate vistas, sight lines or inter-visibility intended. Assuming that AGIs and block valves are sited to avoid the immediate area around any Scheduled Monument, such sites are not considered highly sensitive to visual effects. In general, in terms of scale, the AGIs and block valves, particularly when viewed from a distance, will not be a significant detractor from the heritage asset. 8.2.6 Historic Landscape Characterisation can be used to help site AGIs and block valves, so that, where possible, these are positioned in less historically intact parts of the local landscape. It can also be used to indicate areas of greater or lesser potential for the survival of buried archaeological remains and of greater historic landscape character value, so that these areas can be taken into account when considering routeing and siting. Stage 1 Consultation Representations 8.2.7 In summary, respondents noted the location of a variety of known and possible archaeological and other historical sites within the areas covered by the proposed route corridor options. Respondents were keen that these sites should be avoided where possible so as to protect local heritage. Comparison of Route Corridors 8.2.8 The assessment of the unavoidable features within route corridor options is summarised in Table 8.1 below.

Table 8.1 Summary of Unavoidable Archaeological Potential within Route Corridor Options Corridor Features Option Zone A No unavoidable known archaeological and cultural heritage features A1 – A4 of very high / high or minor concern. Only features of moderate concern

A1 Humberhead Levels - contain significant paleo-environmental remains (Moderate) Iron Age/Roman Field system, Stainforth (Moderate) Ashfield Bank (Post-Medieval Flood Bank), Stainforth (Moderate) Holocene Sediment Sequences, Fishlake (potential to indicate the likelihood of prehistoric settlement) (Moderate) A2 Humberhead Levels - contain significant paleo-environmental remains (Moderate) A3 Humberhead Levels - contain significant paleo-environmental remains (Moderate) A4 Humberhead Levels - contain significant paleo-environmental remains (Moderate)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Corridor Features Option Zone B No unavoidable known archaeological and cultural heritage features B1 – B6 of very high / high or minor concern. Only features of moderate concern.

B1 Humberhead Levels - contain significant paleo-environmental remains (Moderate) B2 Humberhead Levels - contain significant paleo-environmental remains (Moderate) B3 Humberhead Levels - contain significant paleo-environmental remains (Moderate) B4 Humberhead Levels - contain significant paleo-environmental remains (Moderate) Vale of York area of archaeological potential (Moderate) B5 Humberhead Levels - contain significant paleo-environmental remains (Moderate) Vale of York area of archaeological potential (Moderate) B6 Humberhead Levels - contain significant paleo-environmental remains (Moderate) Vale of York area of archaeological potential (Moderate)

Zone C No unavoidable known archaeological and cultural heritage features C1 – C7 of very high or minor concern. Features of moderate concern were found in all and of high concern in sections C3 to C7.

C1 Vale of York area of archaeological potential (Moderate) C2 Vale of York area of archaeological potential (Moderate) C3 Archaeological potential due to presence of numerous Bowl Barrows in the area (High) Roman Road (course of) (Moderate) Vale of York area of archaeological potential (Moderate) Yorkshire Wolds area of archaeological potential (Moderate) C4 Archaeological potential due to presence of numerous Bowl Barrows in the area (High) Roman Road (course of) (Moderate) Yorkshire Wolds area of archaeological potential (Moderate) C5 Archaeological potential due to presence of numerous Bowl Barrows in the area. Line of archaeological record sites runs in a north-south direction across the centre of the corridor (High) Roman Road (course of) (Moderate) Yorkshire Wolds area of archaeological potential (Moderate) C6 Archaeological potential due to presence of numerous Bowl Barrows in the area (High) Roman Road (course of) (Moderate) Yorkshire Wolds area of archaeological potential (Moderate) C7 Archaeological potential due to presence of numerous Bowl Barrows in the area (High) Yorkshire Wolds area of archaeological potential (Moderate)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Corridor Features Option Zone D No unavoidable known archaeological and cultural heritage features D1 – D6 of very high or minor concern. Features of high concern were found in D1 to D3 and of moderate concern in D4 to D7.

D1 Yorkshire Wolds area of high archaeological potential (High) D2 Yorkshire Wolds area of high archaeological potential (High) Archaeological potential due to presence of a Bowl Barrow in the area (High) D3 Yorkshire Wolds area of high archaeological potential (High) Archaeological potential due to presence of a Bowl Barrow in the area (High) D4 Hull Valley area of archaeological potential (Moderate) D5 Hull Valley area of archaeological potential (Moderate) D6 Hull Valley area of archaeological potential (Moderate)

Zone E No unavoidable known archaeological and cultural heritage features E1 – E3 of very high / high or minor concern. Features of moderate concern were found in each of E1 to E3.

E1 Holderness Plain area of archaeological potential (Moderate) Vicinity of former Medieval Auburn Village (Moderate) E2 Holderness Plain area of archaeological potential (Moderate) E3 Holderness Plain area of archaeological potential (Moderate)

8.2.9 The following features were also identified within the AGI Option Areas. • AGI Option Area A - within the Humberhead Levels area of archaeological potential. Option area includes two scheduled monuments: Scurff Hall in the west centre and Drax Priory in the north-west. The sites of numerous archaeological records are located north of the River Ouse. The potential for encountering important archaeology is moderate to high. • AGI Option Area B - located in the vicinity of the Vale of York area of archaeological potential, and contains numerous sites of undesignated archaeological records. These are particularly concentrated in the west near Welambridge; in the south along the River Foulness - extending north to Bursea and Hascombe; in the north-west near Holme Common; and a dense area to the north-east near Rascal Moor (between Holme-on- Spalding-Moor and Tollingham). The potential for encountering important archaeology is moderate to high. • AGI Option Area C North - located within the Yorkshire Wolds area of high archaeological potential. The distribution of recorded undesignated archaeological sites is generally uniform in the south and centre of the area, and less dense in the north. • AGI Option Area C South - located within the Yorkshire Wolds area of high archaeological potential. Potential siting constraints include a series of Scheduled Monuments (round barrows) evident to the north-east. The 45

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

distribution of recorded undesignated archaeological sites is generally uniform, more dense to the centre and north-east. • AGI Option Area D North - the west of the option area is located with the Hull Valley area of archaeological potential, while the east of the Area extends across the Holderness Plain. Potential for encountering important archaeology within both these areas is moderate. The distribution of recorded sites of undesignated archaeology is generally uniform throughout the option area, with the most dense region being located in the north-west between Skerne and Brigham. • AGI Option Area D South - located within the Hull Valley area of archaeological potential. Contains numerous sites of recorded undesignated archaeology, which are particularly dense between Beverley and Tickton (south of the area), and in the vicinity of Eske in the north - centre of the Option Area. Potential to encounter important archaeology moderate. Summary 8.2.10 None of the potential route corridor options includes unavoidable archaeological or cultural heritage features of ‘very high’ concern. 8.2.11 All route corridor options pass through areas in which both known (non-protected) or unknown buried archaeological remains exist or are expected to exist. Some corridors in Zones C (C3, C6 and C7) and D (D1, D2 and D3) pass through areas of high archaeological potential. All options could potentially have an in-direct (temporary visual) effect in terms of views to and from local conservation areas and listed buildings. 8.2.12 All AGI Option Areas include areas with archaeological potential of either ‘moderate’ or ‘high’ concern. AGI Option Area A additionally includes the site of Drax Priory in the north-west (high) which would affect routeing and siting within this Option Area.

8.3 Ecology / Biodiversity Context 8.3.1 The largely rural nature of the Area of Search means that there is a diversity of ecological designations at national and local level. These include: • 2 Ramsar sites; • 4 Special Protection Areas (SPAs); • 6 Special Areas of Conservation (SACs); • 35 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs); • 3 National Nature Reserves (NNRs); • 3 Local Nature Reserves; and • 120 non statutory wildlife sites.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

8.3.2 Ramsar sites are wetlands of international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention. The Ramsar sites within the Area of Search are:- • Humber Estuary, 36,657ha • Lower Derwent Valley, a 921ha site to the north east of Selby 8.3.3 Special Protection Areas (SPAs are protected sites classified in accordance with the European Community (EC) Directive 79/409/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds (the ‘Birds’ Directive). SPAs within the Area of Search are: • Humber Estuary, 36,657ha; • Lower Derwent Valley, a 463ha site to the north east of Selby; • Hornsea Mere, 232ha site at Hornsea; and • Thorne & Hatfield Moors, 2,438ha across two sites South of Goole. 8.3.4 Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) are strictly protected sites designated under the EC Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and if Wild Flora and Fauna (the ‘Habitats Directive’). SACs within the Area of Search are: • Humber Estuary, 36,657ha; • Hatfield Moor, a 13,60ha site south of Thorne; • Thorne Moor, a 1911ha site north of Thorne; • Skipwith Common, a 273ha site west of North Duffield; • River Derwent, a 408ha site to the north east of Selby; and • Lower Derwent Valley a 922ha site to the north east of Selby. 8.3.5 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) are sites designated for their biodiversity or geological interest and are sites of national wildlife and geological importance designated under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and the Countryside & Rights of Way Act 2000 (the ‘CRoW Act’). Consent from Natural England under the CRoW Act would be required for any work directly or indirectly affecting a SSSI. Any development that is likely to adversely affect a notified SSSI would be subject to scrutiny and would only be granted consent if the proposal is in the public interest and there are no other alternatives. The largest SSSIs within the Area of Search include: • Thorne, Crowle & Goole Moors, a 1,919ha site north east of Thorne; • Hatfield Moors, a 1,420ha site south east of Hatfield; • Humber Estuary, 869ha; • Derwent Ings, a 667ha site immediately west of Aughton; • River Derwent, a 408 ha site to the north east of Selby; • Skipwith Common, a 273ha site west of North Duffield;

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

8.3.6 Under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 land can be designated by Natural England as a National Nature Reserve (NNR). There are three NNRs within the Area of Search, these are: • Lower Derwent Valley, a 463ha site to the north east of Selby; • Skipwith Common, a 273ha site west of North Duffield • Humberhead Peatlands, a 2887ha site immediately north and south of Thorne. 8.3.7 Local Nature Reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation made under Section 21 of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 by principal Local Authorities. There are 10 LNRs within the Area of Search. The largest of these include: • Barlow Common, a 33ha site between Barlow and Selby; • Hudson’s Way, a 17.8ha site between Market Weighton and South Dalton; • Humber Bridge, a 17.7ha site associated with the Humber Estuary. 8.3.8 Non statutory wildlife sites are known throughout the UK under various names, including Site of Biological Importance (SBI), Site of Nature Conservation Interest (SNCI), Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC), County Wildlife Sites (CWS) and Special Wildlife Sites (SWS). Overall, the designation is referred to as a "non-statutory wildlife site", or a "Local Site". These designated sites are afforded protection by local authorities from most development under local planning policy. 8.3.9 Ancient Woodland is defined as land that has had continuous woodland cover since at least 1600 AD. Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland is Ancient Woodland that has retained the native tree and shrub cover and has been planted, although it may have been managed by coppicing or felling to regenerate naturally. Ancient Replanted Woodlands are Ancient Woodland sites where the original native tree and shrub cover has been felled and replaced with planting, usually conifers within the last 100 years. 8.3.10 There are 32 areas of Ancient and Semi Natural Woodland identified within the Area of Search, the largest of these include: • Low Wood (18.9ha, TA 175 465) • Seaton Old Wood (13.5ha, SE 787 392) • Burton Bushes (11.4 ha, TA 010 393) Stage 1 Consultation Representations 8.3.11 In summary, environmental issues were raised by a large number of respondents in relation to the project as a whole and the route corridor options within each Zone. The principal concern raised was that National Grid should ensure that the proposed project and preferred route corridor selected does not have a detrimental effect on the local environment, ecology, wildlife and wildlife habitats. 8.3.12 In addition to concern regarding potential for general environmental effect, respondents also noted a number of designated areas (such as SSSIs), other environmental reserves (such as nature reserves and wetlands) and other important geological areas in the area covered by the route corridor options, which

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

should be considered in determining the preferred route corridor. For example, the River Derwent SAC located in Zone B, North Cave wetlands reserve located in Zone C, or a known limestone seam currently safeguarded by East Riding of Yorkshire Council also in Zone C. Comparison of Route Corridors 8.3.13 The assessment of the unavoidable features within route corridor options is summarised in Table 8.2 below. Table 8.2 Summary of Unavoidable Ecological Features within Route Corridor Options Corridor Features Option Zone A No unavoidable nature conservation features of very high, or high A1 – A4 concern. Unavoidable features of minor or moderate concern are found in A1.

A1 Thorne Ashfield LWS (Moderate) Thorne Watersides, Oxbows and Ings LWS (Moderate) Hedgerows: Intact 1825 Enclosure Landscape (Hatfield, Thornes, Fishlake, Stainforth and Sykehouse Enclosure Award) (Minor)

Zone B No unavoidable nature conservation features of high or minor B1 – B6 concern. Unavoidable features of very high concern are found in B1 and of moderate concern in B4.

B1 River Derwent SAC / SSSI (Very High) B4 Wressle Verge non statutory wildlife site (Moderate)

Zone C No unavoidable nature conservation features of very high, high or C1 – C7 minor concern, only features of moderate concern in C5, C6 and C7.

C5 Hudsons Way LNR (Moderate) SNCI – linear feature following the alignment of the Wilberforce Way and the LNR (Moderate) C6 Hudsons Way LNR (Moderate) C7 North Newbald non statutory wildlife site (in AGI Option Area C South) Zone D No unavoidable nature conservation features of very high or minor D1 – D6 concern. Unavoidable features of high concern in D6 and moderate concern in D3 D3 SNCI – linear feature following the alignment of the Wilberforce Way (Moderate) D6 Leven Canal SSSI (High)

Zone E No unavoidable nature conservation features of very high, high, E1 – E3 moderate or minor concern

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

8.3.14 The following features were identified within AGI Option Areas A, C and D: • AGI Option Area A - Eskamhorn Meadows SSSI is to the north west of Rawcliffe. Part of this site is also a non-statutory wildlife site. Additional non-statutory wildlife sites are located near Brock Holes south of Drax, and along a disused railway line south of Long Drax.

• AGI Option Area C South - non-statutory wildlife site to the south-east.

• AGI Option Area D North - SSSI rivers extend across the north west (River Hull) and north east (Kelk Beck to Frodingham Beck) of the area. A Yorkshire Wildlife Trust site is partially within the north-west of the Option Area extending outside the area to the north-west.

• AGI Option Area D South - two SSSIs (Pulfin Bog and Leven Canal) are located in the northern half of the Option Area.

Summary 8.3.15 The route corridor options have been reviewed in relation to their potential effects on unavoidable designated ecological sites. 8.3.16 Within each Zone there are corridor options which do not contain any unavoidable nature conservation features. The Route Corridor Study identifies avoidable features within each corridor option. 8.3.17 Within Zone B Corridor B1 could result in direct effects on the River Derwent SAC / SSSI, which, due to its designations is of ‘very high’ concern. These effects will be dependent on factors such as crossing techniques. Non open cut techniques could significantly reduce adverse effects. Within Zone D, Corridor D6 could result in direct effects on the Leven Canal SSSI which is of ‘high‘ concern. As above the effect will be dependent on factors such as crossing technique and could be reduced. 8.3.18 Within Option Area D North there are two SSSI rivers (‘high) which could affect routeing to Zone E. However since crossing would not involve open cut techniques one would not expect adverse effects to arise. Pulfin Bog and Leven Canal SSSIs are located in Option Area D South. Avoiding both would be considered in both affect routeing of the pipeline and selection of any AGI site within the Option Area. 8.3.19 These features are summarised in the Comparison Tables in Chapter 10 of this report.

8.4 Landscape Context Topography 8.4.1 The Area of Search covers approximately 1,793 km2 predominately to the north of the Humber Estuary. 8.4.2 In the Yorkshire and the Humber region there is a very close relationship between the major topographical features and the underlying geology. Within the Area of Search, a significant feature is the Yorkshire Wolds to the north-west of Kingston- upon-Hull, an area of Cretaceous chalk uplands.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

8.4.3 The Yorkshire Wolds are low hills within the counties of East Riding of Yorkshire and North Yorkshire. The western edge of the Wolds rises to an escarpment which drops sharply to the Vale of York. The highest point on the escarpment is Bishop Wilton Wold (also known as Garrowby Hill), which is 246m above sea level. To the east the hills flatten into the plain of Holderness. 8.4.4 Elsewhere the topography is influenced by the low-lying river valleys which drain into the Humber Estuary, particularly the Rivers Hull, Derwent, Ouse, Aire, Don and Trent. Landscape Character 8.4.5 In 2005, the Countryside Agency, with support from English Heritage, produced the 'Character of England Landscape, Wildlife and Cultural Features Map', updating the 1996 original. 8.4.6 This map subdivides England into 159 National Character Areas (NCAs), previously known as Joint Character Areas (JCAs), providing an overview of the various landscape characters present at the national scale. 8.4.7 The Area of Search encompasses the following Landscape Character Areas: • 27: Yorkshire Wolds • 28: Vale of York (part) • 39: Humberhead Levels (part) • 40: Holderness • 41: Humber Estuary (part) 8.4.8 The Humberhead Levels and Holderness are the predominant landscapes in the west and east of the Area of Search respectively. The centre of the Area of Search is characterised by the Yorkshire Wolds landscape. The Vale of York character area is found within a small area near Market Weighton. The Humber Estuary landscape characterises the southern boundary of the Area of Search, up to the River Trent. The main features of the five Landscape Character Areas are described below, in order of predominance within the Area of Search: Designated Landscapes 8.4.9 There are no National Parks within the Area of Search. 8.4.10 There are no Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) within the Area of Search. 8.4.11 The Yorkshire Wolds, an Area of High Landscape Value (AHLV) is located within the Area of Search. AHLV are non-statutory landscape designations made by local authorities. These areas are afforded some degree of protection by their designation under local planning policy. 8.4.12 The Yorkshire Wolds AHLV’s main feature is a series of gently undulating hills and valleys south of the North York Moors and east of the Vale of York which stretch in a broad arc from the city of Kingston-upon-Hull and the market town of Beverley to the coastal resorts of Filey and Bridlington on the Yorkshire Coast. The geology is predominantly of chalk, giving rise to a landscape and countryside similar to the downs of Southern England. The hills meet the sea at the headland at Flamborough and the sea cliffs of Bempton Cliffs.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Stage I Consultation Representations 8.4.13 A number of respondents expressed the view that the project should not negatively affect the visual amenity of the area post-construction. This was raised by several respondents in specific relation to the coastal area, where the pipeline is transferred from onshore to offshore, including the proposed pumping station to be located near to the coast. 8.4.14 Respondents were also concerned that National Grid ensures that land disturbed as part of the construction process for the proposed pipeline be fully restored to its original condition and for such restoration to be completed in a timely manner. This was cited in order to protect the landscape and minimise visual effect and also, for agricultural land, to ensure that the ability to cultivate the land remains unchanged. Comparison of Route Corridors 8.4.15 A shorter length of proposed pipeline would typically be expected to give rise to fewer effects on the landscape. 8.4.16 The assessment of the unavoidable features within route corridor options is summarised in Table 8.3 below.

Table 8.3 Summary of Unavoidable Landscape Features within Route Corridor Options Corridor Features Option Zone A No unavoidable landscape features of very high, high or A1 – A4 moderate concern. Features of minor concern in A1.

A1 Hedgerows: Intact 1825 Enclosure Landscape (Hatfield, Thornes, Fishlake, Stainforth and Sykehouse Enclosure Award) (Minor)

Zone B No unavoidable landscape features of very high, high B1 – B6 moderate or minor concern

Zone C No unavoidable landscape features of very high, high or C1 – C7 moderate concern. Features of minor concern in each of C3 to C7. C3 Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) C4 Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) C5 Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) C6 Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) C7 Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Corridor Features Option Zone D No unavoidable landscape features of very high, high or D1 – D6 moderate concern. Features of minor concern in each of D1 to D3.

D1 Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) D2 Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) D3 Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor)

Zone E No unavoidable landscape features of very high, high, E1 – E3 moderate or minor concern.

8.4.17 AGI Option Areas C North and South are within the Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value. This considered a high consideration with respect to identifying an appropriate AGI site but due to the capacity to avoid long-term adverse effects, a minor consideration in relation to pipeline routeing. Summary 8.4.18 The route corridor options have been reviewed in relation to their potential effects on unavoidable designated landscapes. 8.4.19 Within Zone A, route corridor option A1 crosses the only unavoidable landscape feature in this Zone, identified is the Hedgerows: Intact 1825 Enclosure Landscape (Hatfield, Thornes, Fishlake, Stainforth and Sykehouse Enclosure Award) (Minor). 8.4.20 Route corridor options in Zone C (C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7) and Zone D (D1, D2 and D3) would all pass through the Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value. As the route corridors within these zones all include at least one of these route corridor options this features is unavoidable by all potential route corridors within Zones C and D. The majority of effects of a project of this nature are however temporary and short term, and relate to the construction phase. 8.4.21 Option Area C South is within the Area of High Landscape Value and the as there is a requirement for a permanent structure (s) this has been assessed as of ‘high’ concern’ for identification of an appropriate AGI Site but due to the capacity to avoid long-term adverse effects, a minor consideration in relation to pipeline routeing.

8.5 Socio Economic Context 8.5.1 The Area of Search is within the Yorkshire and Humber region. Statistics for this region indicate that the population density (2001) for Yorkshire and the Humber, of 3.22 persons per hectare, is slightly below the England and Wales average of 3.45 persons per hectare. 8.5.2 The majority of the Area of Search is low lying agricultural farmland interspersed with a few large towns and many smaller settlements in the form of villages and hamlets.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Agriculture 8.5.3 The Agricultural Land Classification (ALC) system classifies land into five grades, numbered 1 to 5, with Grades 1,2 and 3A land defined as ‘best and most versatile’. 8.5.4 The majority of the agricultural land within the Area of Search is Grade 2 or Grade 3, with some Areas of Grade 1 in floodplains and Marshy areas, and Grade 4 and 5 and ‘Urban’ in the vicinity of settlements. 8.5.5 Grade 1 agricultural land is found in a band surrounding the River Ouse, running across the Area of Search from Goole Fields to the north of Cawood and covering the areas of Asselby, Barmby on the Marsh, Hemingborough, Selby, and Cawood. Grade 2 agricultural land accounts for approximately half of the land within the Area of Search. It is extensive on the heavier textured warp soils alongside the lower reaches of the Rivers Ouse and Trent, and in Holderness. Grade 3 land occurs extensively in the lowlands of Yorkshire and the Humber region, often on soils derived from boulder clay, lacustrine clay or aeolian sand. Settlements 8.5.6 The largest settlements within the Area of Search comprise, Kingston-upon-Hull, Goole, Thorne / Moorends and Beverley Tourism and Recreation 8.5.7 The major towns within the Area of Search support a number of tourist attractions. Traditional market towns within the Area of Search attract visitors looking to explore the area. Visitor accommodation in these areas is largely catered for by a number of bed and breakfast, guest house and hotel establishments. The Area of Search also includes numerous caravan sites, predominantly around the seaside towns of Skipsea and Hornsea. 8.5.8 There are several navigable waterways within the Area of Search, primarily located to the west, which attract leisure craft in addition to commercial traffic. 8.5.9 The Area of Search holds a range of recreational facilities, the majority of which are concentrated within settlement boundaries and comprise leisure centres, sports halls, sports pitches, and community amenities such as local halls. Recreational facilities of consideration to pipeline routeing include country parks, golf courses, and equestrian centres and liveries, being more distant from settlements. 8.5.10 The coastal zone of the Area of Search, to the north of the Humber Estuary, supports a range of recreational activities, including sailing, bathing beaches, sea nad beach fishing, canoe clubs, windsurfing, dive clubs, footpaths and coastal walkways, camping an caravan parks. 8.5.11 Countryside pursuits such as hunting, shooting and fishing are popular within rural parts of the Area of Search; in particular coarse fishing is practised at inland fishing ponds and lakes, in addition to canals and rivers which transect the Area of Search. 8.5.12 There are also 15 National Trails and Long Distance Footpaths within the Area of Search, and a number of sections of the National Cycle Network.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Civil and Military Aviation and Defence Interests 8.5.13 There are a number of airfield and airstrips within the Area of Search, together with a military establishment at Normandy Barracks (Leconfield Airfields) and 2 ‘Danger / Exclusion Zones’. Development Plan Policies / Proposed Developments 8.5.14 There are no areas of designated green belt within the Area of Search. 8.5.15 Within the development plans there are a numerous allocations for housing employment land, together with land allocated for other uses such as recreation / tourism and leisure, and land safeguarded for mineral development. 8.5.16 A number of proposed developments are currently the subject of planning applications within the Area of Search. These include proposed housing sites, employment uses, and mineral, tourism and energy developments. Stage 1 Consultation Representations 8.5.17 Respondents noted a number of instances where the proposed route corridor options pass close to or cross areas identified for potential development, including wind farms, railway infrastructure and housing. Representations made with regard to individual route corridor options are summarised in the Comparison Tables in Chapter 10 of this report. These include, for example, onshore wind farms and small-scale housing developments in proximity to the coast or the potential redevelopment of the defunct York to Beverley railway along the Hudson Way. Concerns were raised that the preferred route corridor chosen should not adversely affect such plans that exist. 8.5.18 Several respondents also queried the potential effect of the proposed pipeline on the development of offshore wind farms off the East Yorkshire coast, including Hornsea and Dogger Bank offshore wind farms. It was noted that it is important for the project not to adversely affect their development, either offshore or, in relation to the preferred route corridor, onshore. Comparison of Route Corridors Agriculture 8.5.19 Construction of a pipeline causes temporary disturbance to land and can restrict access to other areas depending on working areas required. It is National Grid policy to reinstate all land as close to its original condition as practicable. A compensation scheme will be established to compensate for the loss of land during construction and for the on-going use of land. 8.5.20 With respect to land drainage, a pre-construction survey would be undertaken, and where necessary, land drains would be diverted from the working area prior to construction. As far as possible, all land and infrastructure (including land drains) would be restored to their original condition post construction. Settlements 8.5.21 No unavoidable residential areas were found within any of the route corridor options.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Tourism / Socio Economic 8.5.22 There are a number of unavoidable tourism / recreational features within the route corridor options. These relate to mostly informal recreation and include navigable waterways, and associate towpaths, national trails / long distance footpaths, and national cycleways. These features are summarised in Table 8.4 below.

Table 8.4 Summary of Unavoidable Tourism / Recreational Features within Route Corridor Options Corridor Features Option Zone A No unavoidable tourism / recreational features of very high, or A1 – A4 high concern.

A1 Stainforth and Keadby Canal (Moderate) Navigable River Don including towpaths (Moderate) A2 Aire and Calder Navigation (canal) (Moderate) Navigable Dutch River (River Don) including towpaths (Moderate) River Aire and parallel public footpaths (Minor) A3 Aire and Calder Navigation (canal) (Moderate) Navigable Dutch River (River Don) including towpaths (Moderate) River Aire and parallel public footpaths (Minor) A4 Aire and Calder Navigation (canal) (Moderate) Navigable Dutch River (River Don) including towpaths (Moderate) River Aire and parallel public footpaths (Minor)

Zone B No unavoidable tourism / recreational features of very high, B1 – B6 high, moderate or minor concern.

Zone C No unavoidable tourism / recreational features of very high, C1 – C7 high, or moderate concern.

C3 High Hunsley Circuit (Yorkshire Wolds Way) and E-Route 2 (Minor) Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) C4 Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) C5 Wolds Way and E-Route 2 UK Section – Harwich to Middelton in Teesdale (Minor) Wilberforce Way (Minor) Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) C6 Wolds Way and E-Route 2 UK Section – Harwich to Middelton in Teesdale (Minor) Wilberforce Way (Minor) Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) C7 High Hunsley Circuit (Yorkshire Wolds Way) (Minor) Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Corridor Features Option Zone D No unavoidable tourism / recreational features of very high, D1 – D6 high, moderate or minor concern.

D1 East Riding Heritage Way (Minor) Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) D2 East Riding Heritage Way (Minor) Wilberforce Way (Minor) Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) D3 Wilberforce Way (Minor) National Cycle Route 1 (Minor) D4 East Riding Heritage Way (Minor) Hutton Hike (Minor) National Cycle Routes 1 and 66 (Minor) D5 Hutton Hike (Minor) D6 Disused Leven Canal (SSSI) with public footpath (Minor)

Zone E No unavoidable tourism / recreational features of very high, E1 – E3 high, or minor concern.

E1 Fraisthorpe area beach (Moderate if open cut construction) E2 Barmston – Ullrome area beach (Moderate if open cut construction) E3 Skipsea area beach (Moderate if open cut construction)

Civil and Military Aviation and Defence Interests 8.5.23 No unavoidable civil airports or airfields were found within any of the route corridor options. No unavoidable military and defence interests were found in any of the route corridor options. Development Plan Allocations / Proposed Developments 8.5.24 Development planning policy generally governs development outside existing settlements meaning that there is limited scope for the proposed project to affect proposed development land. No development plan allocations, for uses other than mineral extraction were identified within the route corridor options that are unavoidable through routeing of the pipeline. 8.5.25 Proposed development sites were found within route corridor options in Zones A, B, C and E, however the majority were avoidable. Those allocations and development proposals that are unavoidable are summarised in Table 8.5 below.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Table 8.5 Summary of Unavoidable Development Plan Allocations and Development Proposals within Route Corridor Options

Corridor Features Option Zone A No unavoidable proposed development sites of very high, high, A1 – A4 moderate or minor concern. No unavoidable mineral extraction features of very high, high or moderate concern.

A3 Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) A4 Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor)

Zone B No unavoidable proposed development sites of very high, high, B1 – B6 moderate or minor concern. No unavoidable mineral extraction features of very high, high or moderate concern.

B1 Brick Clay, Sand and Gravel, Crushed Rock, Limestone and Industrial Chalk Mineral Safeguarding Areas (Minor) B2 Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) B3 Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor)

Zone C No unavoidable proposed development sites of very high, high, C1 – C7 moderate or minor concern. No unavoidable mineral extraction features of very high, high or moderate concern.

C1 Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) C2 Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) C3 Sand and Gravel, and Silica Sand Mineral Safeguarding Areas (Minor) C4 Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) C5 Silica Sand, Crushed Rock, Limestone and Industrial Chalk Mineral Safeguarding Areas (Minor) C6 Silica Sand, and Industrial Chalk Mineral Safeguarding Areas (Minor) C7 Industrial Chalk Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor)

Zone D No unavoidable proposed development sites of very high, D1 – D6 moderate or minor concern. No unavoidable mineral extraction features of very high, high or moderate concern.

D2 Industrial Chalk, and Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) D3 Industrial Chalk Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) D4 Industrial Chalk, and Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Corridor Features Option D5 Industrial Chalk Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) D6 Hall Wind Farm (High) Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor)

Zone E No unavoidable proposed development sites of very high, high, E1 – E3 moderate or minor concern. No unavoidable mineral extraction features of very high, high or moderate concern.

E1 Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) Sand and Gravel Candidate Preferred Area (Minor) E2 Sand and Gravel Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor)

8.5.26 A number of features were identified within the AGI Option Areas. The Wilberforce Way and National Cycle Routes 1 and 66 pass through AGI Option Area A. A housing allocation is present to the south of Holme-on-Spalding-Moor in the northernmost point of AGI Option Area B. Within AGI Option Area C South there are two active chalk extraction sites in the south of the area, within the industrial chalk minerals safeguarding area. High Hunsley Circuit (Yorkshire Wolds Way) passes through AGI Option Area D North. There is also an active sand and gravel extraction site in the north of AGI Option Area D North, within the sand and gravel mineral safeguarding area. A recent planning application was approved for Hall wind farm, a development consisting of 12 turbines to the northwest of Routh. This development site will encompass a large proportion of the north and east of the AGI Option Area D South immediately north of the A1035. A large development plan allocation at the site of the Leconfield military training facility is also located to the west of this AGI Option Area. Summary 8.5.27 The corridors have been reviewed in relation to their socio economic characteristics including agriculture, settlements, socio economic factors, development plan allocations and current development proposals. 8.5.28 AGI and pipeline construction is a temporary process and therefore any effects on the social and economic structure of local community are themselves transient in nature. Construction effects are likely to have both positive and negative effects. CCS has the potential to provide a means by which traditional forms of heavy industry, which provide employment, can operate sustainably into the foreseeable futures. Additional positive effects would include job creation during the construction phase, with associated benefits for the local economy through support services. 8.5.29 As the route corridor options and AGI Option Areas seek to avoid settlements, the majority of businesses within and in the vicinity of the development option areas are anticipated to be farms. During the EIA stage of the project, route alignment would seek to minimise the effects of the development and is anticipated to include minimising effects on higher quality agricultural land in balance with potential ecological effects, and in discussion with affected landowners/occupiers.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

8.5.30 Care will be taken in identifying the route alignment to avoid and manage any adverse effects, on those features which are of value for tourism. Effects are in any event likely to be temporary. Features identified as unavoidable are generally linear in nature (i.e. footpaths and cycle routes) and are used for informal recreational purposes. 8.5.31 Within Zone A there are sand and gravel mineral safeguarding corridor D3 areas (corridors A3 and A4). Within Zone B there are also mineral safeguarding areas for brick clay, sand and gravel, crushed rock, limestone and industrial chalk (corridors B1. B2 and B3). All corridors in Zone C cross unavoidable mineral safeguarding areas including areas for silica sand, crushed rock, limestone, industrial chalk and sand and gravel. Corridors D2 to D6 within Zone D cross areas safeguarded for industrial chalk, and sand and gravel. 8.5.32 Within Zone E, corridors E1 and E2 cross unavoidable sand and gravel mineral safeguarding areas, whilst in addition corridor E1 also crosses an unavoidable sand and gravel Candidate Preferred Area. 8.5.33 These features are assessed in the Comparison Tables in Chapter 10 of this report. 8.5.34 No unavoidable proposed development sites were found within the route corridor options in Zones A, B, C and E. The Hall Wind Farm site is located within Corridor D6 (high concern).

8.6 Water Resources and Flood Risk Context Watercourses 8.6.1 There are numerous named watercourses within the Area of Search, together with many unnamed surface water drains and dykes. The major watercourses are as follows: • The Humber Estuary; • River Don, (also known as the Dutch River in part); • River Aire; • River Ouse; • River Derwent; • River Foulness; • River Hull; • River Trent; • New Junction Canal; • Aire and Calder Navigation; • Market Weighton Canal; • Stainforth and Keadby Canal; • Driffield Canal; 8.6.2 A number of the above watercourses are navigable.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Flood Zones 8.6.3 A considerable proportion of the Area of Search is within Flood Zone 2 or 3. The Flood Zones correspond with the catchments of the River Hull through Driffield and Beverley to Kingston-upon-Hull, the Rivers Ouse, Aire and Don near Goole and Selby, the River Derwent east of Selby and the River Trent west of Scunthorpe. Hydrogeology 8.6.4 In general, the western half of the Area of Search is designated as secondary aquifers, and the eastern half is designated as a principal aquifer. The western half has been interpreted as all land south of the River Ouse, and land north of the River Ouse up to a line running approximately north to south between Market Weighton and the Humber Bridge, corresponding with the change in solid geology. The eastern half extends east from this line all the way to the coast. Source Protection Zones 8.6.5 Source Protection Zones (SPZs) have been developed by the Environment Agency for all groundwater abstractions used for public drinking water supply. Three zones (inner, outer and total catchment) are defined, although a fourth zone (Zone of Special Interest) may occasionally be defined. 8.6.6 SPZs have been identified in numerous areas within the Area of Search, as summarised below: • Hatfield extending to outwith the Area of Search to the south; • Drax and west to Eggborough; • Beverley, to Cottingham and Anlaby (north and west of Kingston-upon- Hull); • West of Etton (north west of Beverley); • North Newbald (south-southeast of Market Weighton). Stage I Consultation Representations 8.6.7 A number of respondents raised concerns regarding the potential effect of the proposed project on land drainage and subsequent flood risk in the local area. It was noted that a number of areas covered by the proposed route corridor options have seen significant flooding in recent years and that extensive land drainage systems are in place across the East Yorkshire area to minimise the effect of flooding (on local agriculture especially). 8.6.8 Respondents were concerned that the construction of the proposed project should not negatively affect these land drainage systems and that, where they must be crossed by the pipeline, they are maintained in their current condition. It was also noted that the project should be designed so as to be resilient to potential flooding. 8.6.9 Respondents queried the potential effect of the proposed pipeline on the local water table and Source Protection Zones. It was suggested that consideration should be given to the location of important natural springs in the area when determining the preferred route corridor. Concerns were also expressed regarding the potential effect of the pipeline (including construction) on the water

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

table. The Environment Agency noted that “robust mitigation methods” should be taken where the route passes such areas. Comparison of Route Corridors 8.6.10 The assessment of the unavoidable features within route corridor options, with respect to watercourses, floodplains and groundwater is summarised in Tables 8.6 – 8.8 below.

Table 8.6 Summary of Unavoidable Watercourses within Route Corridor Options Corridor Features Option Zone A No unavoidable watercourses of high or very high concern. A1 – A4 Unavoidable watercourses of minor and moderate concern in each of A1 to A4

A1 Stainforth and Keadby Canal (canal) to the north east of Stainforth. (Moderate) River Don, to the east of Fishlake. (Moderate) River Don, to the east of Wormley Hill (Moderate) Stainforth Drain; Black-shaw Dike, Sour Lane Drain (Minor) A2 Dutch River (River Don), to the east of New Bridge (Moderate) Aire and Calder Navigation (canal) to the east of New Bridge (Moderate). River Aire, west and northwest of Rawcliffe (Moderate). Langham Drain (Minor) A3 Dutch River (River Don) (Moderate) Aire & Calder Navigation and Knottingley and Goole Canal (Moderate) Langham Drain; Dobeller Drain; Firth Drain (Minor) A4 Dutch River (River Don) (Moderate) Aire & Calder Navigation (Moderate) Thorntree Drain; New Drain; Pasture Drain; Firth Drain; Decoy Drain (Minor)

Zone B No unavoidable watercourses of very high concern. B1 – B6 Unavoidable watercourses of minor concern in each of B1 to B6, moderate concern in B1 and B6 and high concern in B1.

B1 River Derwent (with SAC and SSSI designation) (High) River Ouse (Moderate) Fleet Dike (Minor). B2 Asselby Marsh Drain; Old Derwent Drain; New Drain; Black Dyke (Minor) B3 Black Dyke; Asselby Marsh Drain; Old Derwent Drain (Minor) B4 Minor unnamed watercourses, ditches and drains (Minor) B5 Duck Swang Drain; Common-end Drain or Featherbed Drain; East Goit Sewer; Great Committee Drain (Minor) B6 River Foulness (Moderate) Minor unnamed watercourses, ditches and drains (Minor) 62

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Corridor Features Option Zone C No unavoidable Watercourses of very high, high concern. C1 – C7 Unavoidable watercourses of moderate concern in each of C1 to C4 and of minor concern in each of C1 to C6.

C1 Mill Beck (Main river) (Moderate) Minor watercourses, drains and ditches (Minor) C2 Mill Beck (Main river) (Moderate) Main Drain; Egremont Drain; Suehead Drain (Minor) C3 Market Weighton Canal (Moderate) Skelfleet Drain; Hotham Beck (Minor) C4 Mill Beck (Main river) (Moderate) Minor watercourses, drains and ditches (Minor) C5 Few minor unnamed drains / ditches (Minor) C6 Few minor unnamed drains / ditches (Minor)

Zone D No unavoidable Watercourses of very high concern within any D1 – D6 of D1 to D7. Unavoidable watercourses of minor concern in each of D1 to D6, and of moderate and high concern in each of D2, D4, D5 and D6.

D1 Bracken Beck (Minor) D2 Watton Beck (Moderate) Old Course of River Hull (Moderate) Scurf Dike (Moderate) Scorborough Beck; Black Dike; Coal Dike;Aike Beck Diversion, Starberry Drain; Kirby Drain; Decoy Drain/White Drain; (Minor) D3 Arram Catchwater South, Catchment Drain/Ings Drain (Minor) D4 Knorka Dike (Minor) D5 Scurf Dike (Moderate) Holms Dike; Skerne Beck (Minor) D6 Leven Canal (Disused), with SSSI designation (High) Linear line of lakes/ ponds, East of Brandes-burton (Moderate) Cross Drain; Leven Town Drain (Minor)

Zone E No unavoidable Watercourses of very high, high or moderate E1 – E3 concern. Watercourses of minor concern in each of E1 to E3.

E1 Unnamed watercourses, drains and ditches (Minor) E2 Skipsea Drain (Minor). E3 Stream Dyke (Minor)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Table 8.7 Summary of Unavoidable Floodplains within Route Corridor Options

Corridor Features Option Zone A No unavoidable floodplain features of very high, high or minor A1 – A4 concern (min 1:1000yr flooding). Unavoidable features of moderate concern in each of A1 to A4.

A1 Majority within Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with River Don and other minor water-courses (Moderate) A2 Majority within Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with the Dutch River, River Aire and other minor water-courses (Moderate) A3 Majority within Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with the Dutch River and other minor water-courses (Moderate) A4 Majority within Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with the Dutch River and other minor water-courses (Moderate)

Zone B No unavoidable Floodplain features of very high or high B1 – B6 concern (min 1:1000yr flooding). Unavoidable features of moderate concern in B1 and of minor concern in each of B2 to B6.

B1 Majority Flood Zone 2, approx 4.4km within Flood Zone 3, associated with the River Derwent, River Ouse and two minor water-courses (Moderate) B2 Majority within Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with watercourses outside the corridor (Minor) B3 Majority within Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with watercourses outside the corridor (Minor) B4 Approx 2.7km within Flood Zone 2, associated with a minor watercourse, with the remainder in Flood Zone 1 (Minor) B5 Approx 1.2km within Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with minor watercourse (Minor) B6 Approx 1.5km within Flood Zone 3, associated with the River Foulness (Minor)

Zone C No unavoidable Floodplain features of very high or high C1 – C7 concern (min 1:200yr flooding). Unavoidable features of moderate concern in C2 and C3 and of Minor concern in C1, and each of C4 to C7.

C1 Majority within Flood Zone 1 with a section crossing Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with a minor watercourse (Minor) C2 Majority within Flood Zones 2 and 3 associated with three minor watercourses (Moderate) C3 Approximately 3.2km within Flood Zone 2 and 3, with two additional crossings of Flood Zones, associated with the River Foulness and three minor watercourses (Moderate) C4 Minor sections within Flood Zones 2 and 3, with the remainder within Flood Zone 1 (Minor)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Corridor Features Option C5 All within Flood Zone 1 (Minor) C6 All within Flood Zone 1 (Minor) C7 All within Flood Zone 1 (Minor)

Zone D No unavoidable floodplain features of very high or high D1 – D6 concern (min 1:200yr flooding). Unavoidable features of minor concern in D1, D3, D4 and D5 and of moderate concern in D2 and D6.

D1 Majority within Flood Zone 1, although the corridor is crossed by Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with a minor watercourse (Minor) D2 Majority within Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with Watton Beck, the River Hull and four minor water-courses (Moderate) D3 Majority in Flood Zone (Minor) D4 All within Flood Zone 1 (Minor) D5 Minor crossing of Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with two minor watercourses (Minor) D6 Majority within Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with the Holderness Drain and two minor water-courses (Moderate)

Zone E No unavoidable floodplain features of moderate, very high or E1 – E3 high concern (min 1:200yr flooding). Unavoidable features of minor concern in each of E1 to E3.

E1 Majority within Flood Zone 1 with minor crossings of Flood Zones 2 and 3 associated with two minor water-courses (Minor) E2 Majority within Flood Zone 1 with minor crossings of Flood Zones 2 and 3 associated with two minor water-courses (Minor) E3 Majority within Flood Zone 1 with minor crossings of Flood Zones 2 and 3 associated with a minor water-course (Minor)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Table 8.8 Summary of Unavoidable Groundwater Resources within Route Corridor Options

Corridor Features Option Zone A No unavoidable Groundwater Resources of very high or A1 – A4 moderate concern. Resources of high concern in each of A1 to A3 and of minor concern in each of A1 to A4.

A1 Southern extent of corridor within SPZ3 (High) NVZ area (Minor) A2 Corridor almost totally within SPZ3 (High) NVZ area (Minor) A3 Central section crosses SPZ3 (High) NVZ area (Minor) A4 NVZ area (Minor)

Zone B No unavoidable Groundwater Resources of very high, high or B1 – B6 moderate concern. Resources of minor concern in each of B1, B3, B5 and B6.

B1 NVZ area (Minor) B3 NVZ area (Minor) B5 NVZ area (Minor) B6 NVZ area (Minor)

Zone C No unavoidable Groundwater Resources of very high or C1 – C7 moderate concern. Resources of high concern in C5, C6 and C7 and of minor concern in each of C1 to C7.

C1 NVZ area (Minor) C2 NVZ area (Minor) C3 NVZ area (Minor) C4 NVZ area (Minor) C5 Impinges on a small area of SPZ2 and a connecting area SPZ3 to the east of Market Weighton (High) NVZ area (Minor) C6 Crosses an area of SPZ3 to the east of Market Weighton. (High) NVZ area (Minor) C7 Crosses the NW extent of SPZ3 (High) NVZ area (Minor)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Corridor Features Option Zone D No unavoidable Groundwater Resources of very high or D1 – D6 moderate concern. Unavoidable resources of high concern in each of D2, D4 and D5 and of minor concern in each of D1 to D6.

D1 NVZ area (Minor) D2 Provisional SPZ near Hutton Cranswick (High) NVZ area (Minor) D3 NVZ area (Minor) D4 Provisional SPZ near Hutton Cranswick (High) NVZ area (Minor) D5 Provisional SPZ near Hutton Cranswick (High) NVZ area (Minor) D6 NVZ area (Minor)

Zone E No unavoidable Groundwater Resources of very high, high or E1 – E3 moderate concern. Unavoidable resources of minor concern in each of E2 and E3.

E2 NVZ area (Minor) E3 NVZ area (Minor)

8.6.11 A number of features have been identified within the AGI Option Areas in relation to their potential effects on water resources. • AGI Option Area A - characterised by the River Aire to the North and the River Ouse to the south. The associated floodplains of both major watercourses cover almost the entire option area. An area of SPZ1 and SPZ2 is located to the south-west of the area, while the majority of the area to the east is designated as SPZ3. • AGI Option Area B - bisected from the west to the south east by the River Foulness. Two thirds of the Option Area is within Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with the River Foulness in the central and southern portion of the area. The eastern section of the Option Area is more distant from the major watercourse. • AGI Option Area C North - a number of ditches and a watercourses (including Becks Drain to the north-east) are present within the Option Area. There is no identified flood risk. An extensive SPZ1 and SPZ2 are located in the centre and west of the area. • AGI Option Area C South - there are no ditches or watercourses present within the Option Area and no identified flood risk. A small SPZ2 is located to the west of the area, and an extensive SPZ3 is located to the east.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

• AGI Option Area D North - the area surrounding North Frodingham encompasses a number of major watercourses including the River Hull and the Driffield Canal (extending generally north to the south-west across the Option Area). Kelk Beck and Old Howe Drain extend east to west in this area and ultimately become Frodingham Beck. Approximately a third of the Option Aarea is within Flood Zones 2 and 3, associated with the River Hull and Frodingham Beck. This is predominantly centered to the west of the Option Area, • AGI Option Area D South - characterised by River Hull and the Beverley and Barmston Drain bisecting north-south. Numerous smaller watercourses also cross the area. This Option Area is entirely within Flood Zone 3 associated with the River Hull. Summary 8.6.12 The corridors have been reviewed in relation to their potential effects on water resources (including water features, flood zones, source protection zones and nitrate vulnerable zones). 8.6.13 All the Zones include unavoidable water features, including water courses, flood zones, source protection zones and nitrate vulnerable zones. These features are assessed in the Comparison Tables in Chapter 10 of this report. 8.6.14 Features assessed as of high concern comprise the River Derwent, designates as a SAC and SSSI, and crossed by route corridor option B1 and the disused Leven Canal (disused), designated as a SSSI in corridor D6. The crossing techniques adopted for these features will however determine the effects on these features as discussed earlier. Within Zone A every corridor crosses watercourses that are of moderate concern. Within Zone B, route corridor options B1 and B6 cross watercourses of moderate concern, as do route corridor options C1, C2, C3 and C4 in Zone C. Within Zone D route corridor options D2, D5 and D6 cross unavoidable watercourses of moderate concern. 8.6.15 All route corridor options in each of the zones cross areas identified as floodplains. The potential effect of these features is affected by the length of the potential route within the flood zone, and therefore the time spent during the construction period in the flood zone. Further assessment of the potential effects of these has been included in the Route Corridor Study and the consideration of constructability issues (see Chapter 9). 8.6.16 Route corridor options A1, A2 and A3 in Zone A and route corridor options D2, D4 and D5 in Zone D cross areas designated as Source Protection Zone C. As these features are unavoidable appropriate measures to avoid adverse effects would need to be adopted.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

9 CONSTRUCTABILITY ISSUES

9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 This section of the report considers the relative constructability of the route corridor options. The objective is to identify the relative construction constraints that could be encountered within each route corridor option in order to determine the relative ‘buildability’ of each corridor. 9.1.2 A number of considerations have been taken into account in identifying the high level constructability issues to be encountered in each of the route corridor option. Issues include: • Ground conditions; • Topography; • Existing / future developments; • Special crossings; • Overhead power lines; • Mineral / mining extraction / landfall sites; • Additional block valves; • Archaeology; • Floodplains; • Reduced land take; • Testing; • Unexploded Ordinance (UXO) / Unexploded Bombs (UXB); and • Access (including potential for ‘cul-de-sac’ working and ‘lock out’ sections); 9.1.3 Constructability investigations were completed following an initial consideration of constraints as documented in the Route Corridor Study supplemented by a series of site visits.

9.2 Stage I Consultation Representations 9.2.1 A number of respondents expressed the view that construction of the proposed project should not adversely affect local communities in proximity to the final preferred route. 9.2.2 Respondents were concerned that care and consideration should be taken to avoid any substantial increase in traffic on the local road network, especially on smaller rural or single track roads identified as being close to the proposed route corridor options presented. 9.2.3 Respondents requested that appropriate construction techniques be utilised to avoid the need for any significant disruption to local infrastructure such as roads, railways and commercial waterways, during or after construction.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

9.2.4 A number of responses were received related to existing pipeline infrastructure in the area, including National Grid pipelines and other infrastructure. The main issue raised by respondents was for consideration to be taken of the location of existing pipelines in the area and for the proposed project to be routed to avoid a necessity to traverse any adjacent route. 9.2.5 Respondents raised issues relating to the effect of previous pipeline projects and a number were concerned that the proposed project should not serve to compound any issues believed to have resulted in part from said previous pipelines – for example land drainage and soil quality. 9.2.6 Other responses which may indirectly relate to construction, for example land drainage, have been summarised in the previous chapter.

9.3 Comparison of Route Corridors 9.3.1 This section summarises the high level constructability issues that could be encountered during the construction of a pipeline in each corridor zone.

Zone A – Corridors A1 to A4 and AGI Option Area A 9.3.2 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option A1 include: • potential to encounter contaminated land, associated with the former and current land use; • limitations on routeing due to the potential proximity of public properties to the west and the M18 to the east; • the location of other utilities that would be required to support the development of the Don Valley Power Project; • the requirement to cross the Stainforth and Keadby Canal; • the possibility of encountering land subject to mine workings associated with the Hatfield Colliery; and • a requirement to cross the River Don and associated flood plain. 9.3.3 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option A2 include: • a short off easement access would be required between the canal and M62 motorway; • a requirement to cross of the Aire and Calder Navigation; • the M62 crossing is an unavoidable constraint and would involve ‘cul de sac’ working due to access limitations; • heading north from the M62 towards Rawcliffe the single track, raised railway is a constraint. Although crossing the railway to the east of the A614 may reduce the effect of this constraint.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

9.3.4 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option A3 include: • a requirement to cross the M18 although the length of this crossing could be minimised by locating it south of the Aire and Calder Navigation; • access restrictions as a result of a ‘lock out’ immediately east of the M18 would be encountered, together with off easement access and potential upgrading works of up to 1km to provide suitable construction access; • the potential proximity considerations associated with the caravan site to the north east of the railway; • due to access restrictions, ‘cul de sac’ working would be required to the south west and north east of Dobeller Lane; • a requirement to cross of the Aire and Calder Navigation; • the M62 crossing is an unavoidable constraint and would involve ‘cul de sac’ working due to access limitations; and • the south bank of the River Aire would require ‘cul de sac’ working from the A614 due to access limitations. 9.3.5 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option A4 include: • a requirement to cross the M18 motorway; • a requirement to cross the Aire and Calder Navigation; • the railway running, parallel to the Aire and Calder Navigation and River Don, is a major constructability constraint which due to their proximity to each other would restrict the available crossing techniques; • between the Aire and Calder Navigation and the M62 would require a ‘lock out’ due to access limitations. An off easement access of 1km would need to be constructed would also be required to reach this corridor; • the M62 crossing is an unavoidable constraint and would involve ‘cul de sac’ working due to access limitations; and • the south bank of the River Aire would require ‘cul de sac’ working from the A614 due to access limitations. 9.3.6 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in AGI Option Area A include: • Option Area A is bisected by an existing high pressure natural gas pipeline. Issues also include a Northern Gas Networks pipeline, Rusholme wind farm, proximity to Drax village, and proximity to properties along Rushholme Lane; and • further construction constraints in this AGI Option Area include installations that may be associated with Drax Power Station.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Zone B – Corridors B1 to B6 and Option Area B 9.3.7 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option B1 include: • routeing parallel to the River Ouse, passing through an area susceptible to scarring and further widening of the river, to a suitable crossing point, in order to avoid Barmby on the Marsh; • access for construction traffic to the northern side of the River Ouse is likely to be challenging. Hemingbrough village for example has restricted access, with properties lining the narrow carriageway, which would necessitate ‘cul de sac’ working; • the railway, close to Woodhall, which within B1 is less than 1m above ground level, in a low lying area, which is likely to result in a requirement for dewatering and increased length of the special crossing; • negotiation of an existing high pressure gas pipeline; • access from the railway in a northerly direction is limited (e.g. deep ditches running alongside narrow, single track carriageway); and • requirement for a crossing of the River Derwent. 9.3.8 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option B2 include: • the negotiation of an existing high pressure gas pipelines, an oil pipeline and a number of deep ditches to order to connect with subsequent corridor options. 9.3.9 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option B3 include: • crossing a water pipeline, an oil pipeline, and a high pressure gas pipeline as well as running parallel to flood defences beyond the River Ouse. There are also known to be areas of peat in this area which can adversely affect pipeline construction; and • crossing a number of wet, deep ditches. These would require routeing under and access across, typically via flumed or bailey bridges. 9.3.10 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option B4 include: • access into B4, by narrow lanes, a number of which are unsuitable for construction traffic; • negotiation of an existing high pressure gas pipeline; • the requirement to cross a railway which is slightly elevated; • a 400kV overhead line in the north of B4 (in an area which affects B1 and B6 also); and • in the vicinity of Spaldington, two planning applications which have been submitted for wind farms with a total of 12 80m turbines.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

9.3.11 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option B5 include: • in the vicinity of Spaldington, two planning applications which have been submitted for wind farms with a total of 12 80m turbines. • the existing natural gas feeder which may require crossing; • several wet ditches and drains; • the proximity considerations relating to properties along the B1228, including 2 small caravan parks; • access for construction traffic to the area between the B1228 and A614 which within B5 is restricted; • the railway crossing north east Howden which is approximately 1m above ground level, meaning that dewatering would be highly likely which would be likely to increase the length of the crossing; and • there multiple wooden pole mounted overhead power lines, west of the A614, near Fir Tree Farm, as B5 heads towards Option Area B. 9.3.12 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option B6 include: • a proposed wind farm at Spaldington which borders the route corridor; • as for B5, access during construction would be severely restricted in the eastern half of this zone; • poor ground conditions which are known to exist in the eastern half of the corridor which could affect routeing: and • the crossing of the River Foulness which may require cul de sac working. The area around the River Foulness is also flood zone 3. 9.3.13 With respect to the routeing through Option Area B, consideration would need to be given to the access and egress locations and proximity areas.

Zone C – Corridors C1 to C7 and AGI Option Areas C North and South 9.3.14 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option C1 include: • the requirement for a crossing of the non-navigable Market Weighton Canal and associated ditches and ponds; and • the steep gradients associated with crossing the Yorkshire Wolds. 9.3.15 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option C2 include: • the requirement for a crossing of the non-navigable Market Weighton Canal and associated ditches and ponds; and • the steep gradients associated with crossing the Yorkshire Wolds.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

9.3.16 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option C3 include: • over 3km within a flood zones 2 and 3 due to the proximity to 3 watercourses; • the requirement for a crossing of the non-navigable Market Weighton Canal and associated ditches and ponds; • restricted access up the incline north west of Hotham due to plantations. Routing would need to be parallel the existing natural gas pipeline to avoid plantations and side slopes; • limited access to the north of Hotham , with high sided verges running parallel to farm tracks; • a number of depressions in the ground would need to be negotiated as C3 heads south easterly towards the A1034. A substantial depression located east of the A1034, south of South Newbald limiting routeing options; • potential proximity to a caravan park located at the Rudstone Hotel; and • the steeper gradients associated with crossing the Yorkshire Wolds in this corridor option. 9.3.17 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option C4 include: • the potential proximity to Linden House, a private hospital; • the steep gradients associated with crossing the Yorkshire Wolds and • the fractured chalks witnessed amongst the topsoil within the Yorkshire Wolds raises the potential for fissures, with consequences such as design challenges and site waste management issues. 9.3.18 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option C5 include: • the steep gradients associated with crossing the Yorkshire Wolds; and • the embankments for the Hudson Way immediately north and north-west of Wallis Grange. 9.3.19 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option C6 include: • the steep gradients associated with crossing the Yorkshire Wolds; and • the valley running from Sanction Grange towards Cherry Burton Wold which would need to be negotiated, including some benching of the working width.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

9.3.20 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option C7 include: • an overhead power line; • the steeper gradients associated with crossing the Yorkshire Wolds and • access is to this zone which is limited meaning that off-easement temporary accesses may be required for construction. 9.3.21 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in AGI Option Area C South include: • the potential to encounter unexploded ordinance south of Little Wood plantation in the area between route corridor options C3 and C7 9.3.22 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in Option Area C North include: • the location of plantations between Cherry Burton and Bishop Burton would restrict routeing options; Topography within Option Area C North favours sites to the north, with less changeable elevations, however careful routeing is required through the plantations associated with the South Dalton Wolds. The location of any block valve within Option Area C North would however be largely dependent on incoming and outgoing route corridors.

Zone D – Corridors D1 to D6 and AGI Option Areas D North and South 9.3.23 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option D1 include: • chalk pits and associated potential for sink holes are located within D1; and • the narrow roads in the vicinity of Bracken, although it should be noted that access from the A614 is good; 9.3.24 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option D2 include: • limited access east of South Dalton within D2. Further significant, access constraints are located in the vicinity of Scurf Dike and Froddingham Beck; • the requirement for a crossing of the Driffield to Beverley railway line. There are also a significant number of ditches and drains in the vicinity of the railway crossing, creating access and constructability challenges; • proximity to the River Hull by D2 • proximity to Walton Beck waterpark (although this is outside the corridor). It is understood the origins of the water parks are former gravel and sand pits; • Watton Beck (within D2). This poses a particular challenge to constructability as access is limited, and highways are raised and narrow with deep ditches. The Beck also has significant flood defences;

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

• the known potential to encounter unexploded bombs and unexploded ordnance in this route corridor; and • approximately 25% of this corridor is within the gently sloping uplands of the Yorkshire Wolds. 9.3.25 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option D3 include: • the Hudson Way which is a deep cutting embankment either side of the A164 • access is noted as being limited to the east of the A614; • the disused airfield located at the eastern end of D3 which has an increased potential for unexploded bombs / ordinance; and • approximately 25% of this corridor is within the gently sloping uplands of the Yorkshire Wolds. 9.3.26 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option D4 include: • the necessity for a crossing of the Driffield to Beverley railway line. Access to the west of the railway is considered to be reasonable, it is however more limited to the west side. 9.3.27 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option D5 include: • the necessity for a crossing of the Driffield to Beverley railway line. Access the west of the railway is considered to be reasonable, it is however more limited to the west side; and • the potential landfill site at the intersection of D1 and D5; 9.3.28 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option D6 include: • the proposed Hall Wind Farm located within D6. If constructed this development would limit routeing options in the corridor option and could comprise its suitability; and • access during construction which is noted as being limited within this route corridor option; 9.3.29 In AGI Option Area D South, the following issues have been noted:- • restrictions posed by the Hall Farm Wind Farm development; • areas within Flood Zone 3; • the high risk of unexploded ordnance near the former RAF Leconfield in the west; • access restrictions leading to a possible lock out between the railway and the Beverley and Barmston Drain; • the need to cross a 500 to 1600mm water main to gain access to D6; and

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

• the Beverley to Barmston Drain which would comprise a significant constructability constraint due to its navigable nature, width and separation distance from parallel deep ditches. 9.3.30 In the larger, AGI Option Area D North, the high level constructability issues likely to be encountered would include: • the large watercourses and areas within flood zones 2 and 3; • the limited access between the River Hull and Driffield canal, which could result in a ‘lock out’, pending bridging assessments and further traffic assessments through Brigham; • the requirement for a crossing of the Driffield to Beverley railway line. and the significant number of ditches and drains in the vicinity of the railway crossing, posing access and constructability challenges; and • the Northern Gas Network pipeline.

Zone E – Corridors E1 to E3 9.3.31 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option E1 include: • a planned wind farm located in the north east to the east of Fraisthorpe which if constructed could limit routeing options; and • limited access provision for construction activity 9.3.32 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option E2 include: • known potential to encounter unexploded ordinance / bombs associated with known former minefields previously located on the cliff top and / or beach within in the vicinity; and • the access from the B1242 which is limited, with approximately 2.5km of cul de sac working required to the landfall position. 9.3.33 High level constructability issues likely to be encountered in route corridor option E3 include: • known potential to encounter for unexploded ordinance/bomb associated with known former minefields previously located on the cliff top and / or beach within in the vicinity; and • the proximity issues to the south due to a substantial caravan park (Fir Grange Park).

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

10 COMPARISON OF ROUTE CORRIDORS

10.1.1 The following tables compare the relative merits of each corridor (expressed as feasible combinations of route corridor options), and to aid decisions as to a preferred route corridor, having regard to route corridor study, constructability investigations and consultation response considerations. 10.1.2 The route corridors have been defined within zones to allow for the identification of possible AGI locations at approximately 15km intervals. Several combinations of route corridors within these zones are possible. The tables below, are presented by Zone and combine route corridors into viable options for the pipeline (and related apparatus). 10.1.3 The selection of a preferred corridor is likely to have a consequential effect on the suitability of certain areas for pipeline routeing and AGI sitting locations within the AGI Option Areas. Where possible and with due regard to known constraints, it is anticipated that AGIs would be located between selected route corridors and would avoid taking unnecessarily long routes or diversions within the AGI Option Areas. The identification of suitable areas for both pipeline routeing and refined areas of search for AGI siting in AGI option areas will be subject to further consultation and investigation.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

10.1.4 Route Corridor Comparison Table Zone A

Route Corridor A1 / A2 A1 / A3 A1 / A4 AGI Option Area A (c12km) (c13km) (c15km)

Socio - Economic and Environment

Considerations SPZ3 (High) SPZ3 (High) SPZ3 (High) Rusholme Wind Farm extends across the north-eastern half of the area Large watercourse crossings Large watercourse crossings Large watercourse crossings (Main rivers), (Moderate) (Main rivers) (Moderate) (Main rivers) (Moderate) Within the Humberhead Levels area of archaeological potential. 2 scheduled Large road/rail crossings Large road/rail crossings Large road/rail crossings monuments (Scurff Hall and Drax Priory) (Moderate) (Moderate) (Moderate) Numerous archaeological records Flood Zones 2 & 3 (Moderate) Flood Zones 2 & 3 (Moderate) Flood Zones 2 & 3. (Moderate) located north of the River Ouse. Potential for encountering important Archaeological potential Archaeological potential Archaeological potential archaeology moderate to high. (Moderate) (Moderate) (Moderate) SPZ 2&3 Local wildlife sites (Moderate) Local wildlife sites (Moderate) Local wildlife sites (Moderate) Large watercourse crossings (Main Potentially contaminated land Potentially contaminated land Potentially contaminated land rivers), large road/rail crossings, (Moderate) (Moderate) (Moderate) Flood Zones 2 & 3 Mineral Safeguarding Area Mineral Safeguarding Area Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) (Minor) (Minor) Small SSSI and local wildlife sites (Moderate / Minor) Navigable waterways including Navigable waterways including Navigable waterways including towpaths (Minor) towpaths (Minor) towpaths (Minor)

Commentary

There are no clear differentiating factors between these route corridor options based on unavoidable environmental considerations. All the options cross SPZ3, and Flood zones 2 and 3, similarly all options cross major watercourses, areas of archaeological potential, local wildlife sites, areas of potentially contaminated land and areas used for informal recreation. Where unavoidable features do not help differentiate between options it is appropriate to consider the location of avoidable features which can help identify the relative constrained nature of each corridor. With respect to avoidable features A1 / A2 includes an SSSI, whilst A1 / A3 and A1 / A4 have local wildlife sites. These are all relatively small sites and occur on the margins of each corridor. In this instance therefore these do not constitute material factors in differentiating between options.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor A1 / A2 A1 / A3 A1 / A4 AGI Option Area A (c12km) (c13km) (c15km)

Aside from designated features it is noted that A1 / A4 includes a potential planning allocation across the eastern half of the corridor, the presence of which and its extent makes this a less favourable option when considered against the other options in this Zone. It is also noted that corridor option A1/A4 is longer than other route options and in the absence of other differentiating factors, in general terms a shorter pipeline length is likely to present fewer potential effects. Preferred Corridor Options – A1 / A2 or A1 / A3

Constructability

Considerations Potential to encounter Potential to encounter Potential to encounter Consideration required of location of contaminated land, associated contaminated land, associated contaminated land, associated Drax Power Station and associated with the former and current land with the former and current land with the former and current land installations use use use Option Area A is bisected by an existing Potential proximity of properties Potential proximity of properties Potential proximity of properties pipelines. Other considerations include to west and M18 to east to west and M18 to east to west and M18 to east an additional pipeline, wind farm, and proximity to Drax village and other Location of other utilities Location of other utilities Location of other utilities properties Stainforth and Keadby Canal Stainforth and Keadby Canal Stainforth and Keadby Canal crossing crossing crossing Possibility of encountering mine Possibility of encountering mine Possibility of encountering mine workings workings workings Crossing of River Don and Crossing of River Don and Crossing River Don and associated flood plain associated flood plain associated flood plain Requirement for off easement M18 crossing M18 crossing access between canal and M62 Access restrictions as result of Crossing of Aire and Calder Crossing of Aire and Calder ‘lock out’ immediately east of Navigation Navigation M18 Railway running parallel to Aire M62 crossing Off easement access and and Calder Navigation and River potential upgrading works of up Don (restricts crossing Crossing of single track raised to 1km techniques); railway

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor A1 / A2 A1 / A3 A1 / A4 AGI Option Area A (c12km) (c13km) (c15km)

Potential proximity to caravan ‘Lock out’ between the Aire and site Calder Navigation and the M62 (also off easement access of 1km) ‘Cul de sac’ working M62 crossing (also ‘cul de sac’ Crossing of Aire and Calder working due to access limitations) Navigation Access limitations to south bank M62 crossing (also ‘cul de sac’ of River Aire (‘cul de sac’ working) working due to access limitations)

Access limitations to south bank of River Aire (‘cul de sac’ working)

Commentary All options cross canals and major rivers, and require significant road and rail crossings. Corridor A1 / A2 is of shorter length and therefore requires potentially a shorter construction period, its shorter length also minimises working time in a flood zone that is common to all options. It also has the least number of crossings of significant linear features and offers more readily available access. Corridor A1 / A3 is of a longer length therefore would require a potentially longer construction period. Additional large crossing and access issues known as lock outs are noted to be required when compared to A1 / A2. A1 / A4 is also of longer length, and requires additional special crossing and lock outs when compared to A1 / A2. In addition the combined crossing of the Aire and Calder Navigation and railway would restrict crossing techniques options and this option is therefore less preferable. Preferred Corridor – A1 / A2

Consultation

Corridor Specific Potential for increased risk of Potential for increased risk of Potential for increased risk of Potential options might be limited by Comments flooding in the area (1 flooding in the area (1 flooding in the area (1 the presence of existing wind farm (1 respondent) (A1) respondent) (A1) respondent) (A1) respondent) Likely to cause the least Best option to traverse the Closer to existing and future Land drainage – the proposed pipeline disruption to housing as away existing gas and water pipelines employment sites in the Goole and block valve site should be routed from a number of local villages (1 that run through Zone A (1 area, attraction to future through land already owned by Drax respondent) (A2) respondent) (A3) investment (1 respondent) (A4) power station, so as to avoid drainage issues on privately owned and

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor A1 / A2 A1 / A3 A1 / A4 AGI Option Area A (c12km) (c13km) (c15km)

Routes the proposed pipeline Avoids Selby – avoids potential Passes close to wind farms and managed farmland (1 respondent) closer to Drax power station, disruption to residents and is adjacent to Asselby Island Should avoid Newland Parish as it desirable as would enable Drax businesses (1 respondent) (A3) nature reserve (1 stakeholder) hosts existing pipeline block valves (1 to connect in future (1 (A4) stakeholder) respondent) (A2) Cuts through the Thorntree Good option due to proximity to Pumping Drain (1 stakeholder) the existing natural gas pipeline in (A4) the area – benefit of existing ground data (1 respondent) (A2) Previous projects have had difficulty crossing the Dutch River In close proximity to housing in and Canal due to ground the area (1 respondent) (A2) conditions (1 stakeholder) (A4) Best option to avoid traffic Badger sets are known in congestion through Airmyn (1 proximity to the route (1 stakeholder) (A2) stakeholder) (A4) Passes close to Scurff Hall, a Significant damage to land and listed English Heritage site (1 soil structure through previous stakeholder) (A2) pipeline projects (1 stakeholder) (A4)

Non corridor specific Crossing of local watercourses (River Aire and canal) – difficulty of construction beneath watercourses and the potential effect of severe flooding at comments these crossing points (2 respondents) Route corridor option chosen in Zone A should take account of the potential for Drax power station to connect at a future date (1 stakeholder and 1 respondents) Pockets of peat-substrata have previously caused subsidence (1 respondent) Area is already traversed by two pipelines and includes a wind farm (1 respondent) Potential effect of the project on a property and businesses (1 respondent) River banks and flood defences at Newland and Snaith are in bad repair and may not withstand construction of a pipeline under the River Aire (1 stakeholder) Should avoid traffic and disruption to the parish of Newland (1 stakeholder)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor A1 / A2 A1 / A3 A1 / A4 AGI Option Area A (c12km) (c13km) (c15km)

Commentary The majority of the comments received during the consultation on Zone A were common to all route corridor options meaning that there is limited scope to differentiate between options based on consultation response alone. The general issues raised include, existing pipeline infrastructure, proximity to housing, infrastructure, flooding, land drainage, all of which are material issues and have been considered in corridor evaluation. More specific comments were made with regard to the potential for future connections at Goole and Drax. An application for European Union funding to develop CCS at the Drax site was lodged in February 2011 and would therefore offer a more immediate connection opportunity for this project, however it is considered that none of the route options would preclude future connectivity to other interested emitters. No clear preference

Outcome

There is little to differentiate options in Zone A with respect to environment, it is however regarded that shorter routes generally have the potential for fewer environmental effects which would therefore favour options A1/A2. With regard to constructability corridor option A1/ A2 has several advantages: the route is shorter which potentially reduces the construction programme and limits time spent constructing in a floodplain environment. The options would also require fewer crossings of significant linear features. Consultation responses have been noted but provided limited scope to assist in corridor selection. In support of one response however it is noted that corridor option A1 / A2 provides the opportunity to route closer to Drax, a potential future connectee, and avoids a potential difficult crossing of the Dutch River. Preferred Option in Zone A – A1 / A2.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

10.1.5 Route Corridor Comparison Table Zone B

Route Corridor B1 / B6 B2 / B4 / B6 B2/ B5 B3 / B4 / B6 B3 / B5 AGI Option Area B (c.14km) (c13km) (c 10km) (c 13km) (c 10km)

Socio Economic and Environment

Considerations Crosses River Large road/rail (& Large road/rail (& Large road/rail (& Road/rail (active & Large watercourse Derwent SAC/SSSI disused) crossings disused) crossings disused) crossings disused) crossings (Main river) North of Wressle (Moderate) (Moderate) (Moderate) (Moderate) (Very High) Flood Zone 2 & 3 Local nature Archaeological Local nature Potentially Large watercourse conservation potential (Moderate) conservation contaminated land In vicinity of the Vale crossings (Main (Moderate) (Moderate) (Moderate) of York area of rivers) (Moderate) Potentially archaeological Archaeological contaminated land Archaeological Archaeological potential. Numerous Large road/rail potential (Moderate) (Moderate) potential potential undesignated crossings) (Moderate) (Moderate) archaeological (Moderate) Potentially National public rights of records. Potential for way (Minor) contaminated land Potentially National public encountering (Moderate) Flood Zone 2 & 3 contaminated land rights of way important (Moderate) Flood Zones 2 & 3 (Moderate) (Minor) National public rights (Minor) archaeology Archaeological of way (Minor) National public Flood Zone 2 & moderate to high potential (Moderate) 3.(Minor) rights of way Small potential Flood Zones 2 & 3 (Minor) Potentially (Minor) allocation is located contaminated land Flood Zone 2 & 3 in the north (Moderate) (Minor) National public rights of way (Minor)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor B1 / B6 B2 / B4 / B6 B2/ B5 B3 / B4 / B6 B3 / B5 AGI Option Area B (c.14km) (c13km) (c 10km) (c 13km) (c 10km)

Commentary All corridors include unavoidable large river, road and rail crossings, areas with archaeological potential, potentially contaminated land and would cross a National Public Rights of Way. It is noted that the River Derwent SAC is unavoidable within route corridor B1/B6 which would make it less preferable when compared to other options. It is noted that options which include B4 would include crossing a local nature reserve and would be of longer length. In general terms a shorter pipeline length is likely to present fewer potential effects. Due to their similar length there is however little to differentiate between options B2 / B5 and B3 / B5 in environmental terms. Preferred option is therefore B2 / B5 or B3 / B5

Constructability

Considerations Routeing parallel to Negotiation of Negotiation of existing Crossing of multiple Crossing of Large watercourse River Ouse to avoid existing pipelines pipelines and deep pipelines & running multiple pipelines and A road Barmby on the Marsh and deep ditches to ditches to connect with parallel to flood & running parallel (area susceptible to connect with subsequent corridor defences beyond to flood defences RAF Holme-on- scarring / further subsequent corridor options. River Ouse. beyond River Spalding Moor widening) options Ouse. located in north east Planning applications Known areas of of area. Access to northern Access via narrow for wind farms in peat Known areas of side of River Ouse lanes, some vicinity of Spaldington peat unsuitable for Crossing of wet, Crossing of railway construction traffic Crossing of existing deep ditches Crossing of wet, close to Woodhall gas pipeline deep ditches (low lying area, length Elevated railway Access via narrow of special crossing crossing Crossing of several wet lanes, some Planning required) ditches and drains unsuitable for applications for Negotiation of construction traffic wind farms in Negotiation of existing high Proximity vicinity of existing high pressure pressure gas considerations along Elevated railway Spaldington gas pipeline pipeline B1228 crossing Crossing of Limited access from 400kV overhead line Restricted access to Negotiation of existing gas railway in a northerly area between the existing high pipeline direction B1228 and A614 pressure gas pipeline

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor B1 / B6 B2 / B4 / B6 B2/ B5 B3 / B4 / B6 B3 / B5 AGI Option Area B (c.14km) (c13km) (c 10km) (c 13km) (c 10km)

Crossing of River Planning applications Railway crossing north 400kV overhead Crossing of Derwent for wind farms in east of Howden line several wet ditches vicinity of (dewatering / increased and drains Proposed wind farm Spaldington length of crossing) Planning at Spaldington applications for Proximity Severely restricted Multiple wooden pole wind farms in considerations Severely restricted access in eastern mounted overhead vicinity of along the B1228 access in the eastern half of corridor B6 power lines Spaldington half of corridor B6 Restricted access Poor ground Severely restricted to area between Poor ground conditions in the access in eastern the B1228 and conditions in eastern eastern half of half of corridor B6 A614 half of corridor B6 corridor B6 could could affect routeing affect routeing. Poor ground conditions in the Railway crossing Crossing of River Crossing of River eastern half of north east of Foulness Foulness corridor B6 could Howden affect routeing. (dewatering / increased length of Crossing of River crossing) Foulness Multiple wooden pole mounted overhead power lines

Commentary All options require additional crossings of significant linear features and/or associated with the River Foulness and greater off easement access works associated with limited access and potential ‘cul de sac’ working in vicinity or the River Foulness and its tributaries. Corridor B1 would necessitate an additional crossing of a significant linear feature, viz the River Aire and offers limited access for construction. Corridor options B1 / B6, and B3 / B4 / B6 are therefore not preferred from a constructability perspective when compared with other options. Corridor options B2 / B5 and B3 / B5 are very similar in nature with respect to constructability issues, and better access than other options. The location of a wind farm in AGI Option Area A however would mean that access to corridor B3 would be more limited. At this stage therefore corridor B2 is likely to be preferred. Preferred option is therefore B2 / B5

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor B1 / B6 B2 / B4 / B6 B2/ B5 B3 / B4 / B6 B3 / B5 AGI Option Area B (c.14km) (c13km) (c 10km) (c 13km) (c 10km)

Consultation

Corridor Specific Proximity to Barmby Potential for traffic to Potential for traffic to Potential for traffic Potential for traffic Should avoid affect Comments and Drax villages affect small road affect small road to affect small road to affect small road property (routes B2 and B3 serving several local serving several local serving several serving several (1respondent). would be villages (1 villages (1 respondent) local villages (1 local villages (1 preferable)(1responde respondent) (B2) (B2) respondent) (B3) respondent) (B3) nt) (B1) Avoids Barmby and Preferable to B1 as Preferable to B1 as Preferable to B1 Operational airstrip at Drax villages would avoid the would avoid the as would avoid the Breighton Airfield (1respondent) (B2). pipeline routing close to pipeline routing pipeline routing (1respondent) (B1) Barmby and Drax close to Barmby close to Barmby Preferable to B1 as villages (B2 / B3) and Drax villages and Drax villages Planning application would avoid the (B2 / B3). (B2 / B3). “currently stopped” for pipeline routing close Planning application a wind farm at to Barmby and Drax “currently stopped” for Planning application Planning Spaldington villages (B2 /B3) a wind farm at “currently stopped” application (1respondent)(B1) Spaldington (1 for a wind farm at “currently stopped” Planning application respondent) (B5) Spaldington for a wind farm at Most direct route, “currently stopped” (1respondent) (B4 / Spaldington avoids close proximity for a wind farm at Avoids Barmby and B6). (1respondent) to Spaldington (1 Drax villages (B5). housing(1respondent) respondent) (B4 / (1respondent) (B2) Avoids Barmby and (B1 / B6) B6) Drax villages Field drainage, low Field drainage – low (1respondent) (B3). lying land in this Land is crossed by lying land in this area area requires existing pipelines, the requires extensive field extensive field construction of which drainage systems (2 drainage systems respondents) (B5) causing “considerable (2 respondents) disruption”, and (B5). inadequate Potential effect on compensation ( 1 agricultural business in respondent) (B1 / B6) the area (poultry farm requiring minimum grazing land) (1respondent) (B5).

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor B1 / B6 B2 / B4 / B6 B2/ B5 B3 / B4 / B6 B3 / B5 AGI Option Area B (c.14km) (c13km) (c 10km) (c 13km) (c 10km)

Land under In proximity to Howden Potential effect on negotiation for new (1respondent) (B5). agricultural wind farm business in the development (near Historical and/or area (poultry farm Barmy and near archaeological requiring minimum Spaldington) (1 significance of the area grazing land) (1respondent) (B5) respondent) (B1 / B6) (1respondent) Follows the route of (B5).In proximity to existing pipelines, Howden could cause drainage (1respondent) problems (2 (B5). respondents) (B2 / Historical and/or B5). archaeological Shorter & follows the significance of the line of the existing area (1respondent) pipelines, providing (B5) existing geological and environmental knowledge of the area (1 respondent) (B2 / B5)

Non corridor Whitmoor mine had workings between Cliffe Common and the River Derwent (1 respondent) specific comments Land near Barmby and Wressle is designated SSSI (1 respondent) Potential effect of traffic and infrastructure disruption to Holme on Spalding Moor (1 respondent)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor B1 / B6 B2 / B4 / B6 B2/ B5 B3 / B4 / B6 B3 / B5 AGI Option Area B (c.14km) (c13km) (c 10km) (c 13km) (c 10km)

Commentary The majority of the comments received during the consultation on Zone B were common to all route corridor options meaning that there is limited scope to differentiate between options based on consultation response alone. The general issues raised included proximity to villages and housing, land drainage, the historical / archaeological significance of area, future wind farm developments, existing pipeline infrastructure, and the effect on agricultural businesses. All options, apart from those in relation to B1 raised responses with regard to potential traffic effects on local villages during the construction phase. Two comments on Corridor B5 expressed concern regarding land drainage and the consequent effect a pipeline could create. As the ground conditions are generally considered to be similar throughout Zone B drainage can not be considered a differentiating factor between the corridors. B5 was also noted as being closer to Howden than other options; conversely a respondent noted that all options apart from B1 would be preferable as they would avoid the villages of Drax and Barmby on the Marsh. No clear preference from Stage 1 Consultation responses

Outcome

With regard to environmental issues within Zone B, Corridor B1 (and therefore Option B1 / B6) has been discounted due to the unavoidable SAC site. Options that include route corridor B4 require the crossing an unavoidable local nature conservation site which, along with its longer length would be less preferable. In addition, access issues within B6 limit the attractiveness of this corridor from a constructability perspective. Corridor options B2 / B5 and B3 / B5 are considered similar but the location of a wind farm in search area A limits routeing options for B3 meaning corridor B2 is preferred. Issued raised during the consultation were largely common to all options (e.g. effect on agricultural resources) and can not be used to influence route selection. On balance, it is considered that a combination of potentially lower environmental effect and easier access for construction activity would mean B2 / B5 is preferable. Preferred option in Zone B is B2 / B5

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

10.1.6 Route Corridor Comparison Table Zone C

Route Corridor C1 / C4 / C5 C1 / C4 / C6 C2 / C4 / C5 C2 / C4 / C6 C3 / C7 AGI option area C AGI option area C North South (Corridor (c12km) (c 12km) (c 15km) (c.14km) (c 17km) C3/ C7 only)

Socio-Economic and Environment

Considerations Archaeological Archaeological Archaeological Archaeological Archaeological potential Yorkshire Wolds Yorkshire Wolds potential (High) potential (High) potential (High) potential (High) (High). Area of High Area of High Landscape Value Landscape Value SPZ2&3 (High) SPZ3 (High) SPZ2&3 (High) SPZ3 (High) SPZ3 (High) (high for siting/ (high for siting/ Local nature Local nature Local nature Large Large watercourse minor for routeing) minor for routeing) conservation conservation conservation watercourse, large crossing (Market Yorkshire Wolds Yorkshire Wolds (Moderate) (Moderate) (Moderate) road crossings, Weighton Canal) area of high area of high (Moderate) (Moderate) Large watercourse Large watercourse Large watercourse archaeological archaeological crossing (Moderate) crossing crossings Roman Roads Large road crossings potential. potential. (Moderate) (Moderate) (course of) (Moderate) Archaeological Archaeological Large road/ railway (Moderate) potential high potential high (disused) crossings Flood Zone 2 & 3 Large road / Flood Zones 2 & 3 (Moderate), (Moderate) disused railway Local nature (Moderate) Extensive SPZ1 SPZ 2 & 3 and SPZ2 located crossings conservation RIGS Route of Roman Large road (Moderate) (Moderate) Roman Road (course to the centre and Roads (Moderate) of) (Moderate) crossings west Local wildlife site (Moderate) Roman Roads Flood Zone 2 & 3 Potentially (Moderate) (Moderate) Potentially Sand and Gravel National public contaminated land Roman Roads contaminated land extraction / mineral rights of way (Moderate) (course of) Yorkshire Wolds Potentially (Moderate) safeguarding (Moderate) Area of High contaminated land areas Yorkshire Wolds Landscape Value (Moderate) Public access land Area of High Potentially (Minor) (Minor), Registered park & Landscape Value contaminated land National public Yorkshire Wolds Area garden (avoidable) (Minor) (Moderate) Flood Zone 2&3 rights of way , (Moderate) (Minor) of High Landscape National public rights Value (Minor) National public of way. (Minor) Yorkshire Wolds National public rights of rights of way. Area of High Potentially Yorkshire Wolds way. (Minor) National Cycle Landscape Value contaminated land Area of High 90

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor C1 / C4 / C5 C1 / C4 / C6 C2 / C4 / C5 C2 / C4 / C6 C3 / C7 AGI option area C AGI option area C North South (Corridor (c12km) (c 12km) (c 15km) (c.14km) (c 17km) C3/ C7 only)

(Minor) (Moderate) Landscape Value Route (Minor) National public National public rights of way. rights of way. National public (Minor) (Minor) rights of way. (Minor) Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor)

Commentary All options are within the Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value, cross areas of archaeological potential, SPZs and potentially contaminated land. When linked with other options, due to the potential additional length, it is noted that route corridor option C3 / C7 would require an additional block valve site and therefore the option is considered to perform less well when considered against alternatives. When compared with option C1, C2 is longer and crosses a greater extent of flood plain. Whilst corridor option C1 includes an avoidable but active sand and gravel extraction site on balance it is considered to perform better than C2 on environmental grounds. There is little to differentiate options C5 and C6 in terms of avoidable constraints. Where unavoidable features do not help differentiate between options it is appropriate to consider the location of avoidable features which can help identify the relative constrained nature of each corridor. With respect to avoidable features, C5 includes a SSSI, and local nature conservation, whilst C6 includes scheduled monuments, a local nature conservation site, RIGS site, and a proposed wind farm, however these constraints offer limited opportunity to differentiate on environmental grounds. Preferred options – C1 / C4 / C5 or C1 / C4 / C6

Constructability

Considerations Steep gradients Steep gradients Steep gradients Steep gradients Approx. 50% of the The location of Steep valley sides associated with the associated with associated with the associated with corridor is within steep plantations to the south crossing of the the crossing of the crossing of the the crossing of the gradients associated between Cherry Yorkshire Wolds Yorkshire Wolds Yorkshire Wolds Yorkshire Wolds with the crossing of the Burton and Bishop The potential to Yorkshire Wolds Burton would encounter Crossing of non- Crossing of non- Crossing of non- Crossing of non- restrict routeing unexploded navigable Market navigable Market navigable Market navigable Market Over 3km within flood options ordinance south of Weighton Canal and Weighton Canal Weighton Canal Weighton Canal zones 2 and 3 Little Wood associated ditches and associated and associated and associated (proximity to 3 plantation in the

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor C1 / C4 / C5 C1 / C4 / C6 C2 / C4 / C5 C2 / C4 / C6 C3 / C7 AGI option area C AGI option area C North South (Corridor (c12km) (c 12km) (c 15km) (c.14km) (c 17km) C3/ C7 only) and ponds ditches and ponds ditches and ponds ditches and ponds watercourses) area between route corridors C3 Proximity to private Proximity to Proximity to private Proximity to Crossing of non- and C7 hospital private hospital hospital private hospital navigable Market Weighton Canal and Fractured chalks Fractured chalks Fractured chalks Fractured chalks associated ditches and (potential for fissures (potential for (potential for (potential for ponds etc.) fissures etc.) fissures etc.) fissures etc.) Restricted access up Embankments for Negotiation of Embankments for Negotiation of incline north west of Hudson Way valley from Hudson Way valley from Hotham. Routing would Sanction Grange Sanction Grange need to parallel existing towards Cherry towards Cherry pipeline to avoid Burton Wold Burton Wold plantations and side (requires some (requires some slopes benching of benching of working width) working width) Limited access to north of Hotham

Depressions in the ground would need to be negotiated as route corridor heads south easterly towards the A1034. Substantial depression located east of the A1034, limiting routeing options; Potential proximity to caravan park Overhead power line Limited access (large off-easement temporary

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor C1 / C4 / C5 C1 / C4 / C6 C2 / C4 / C5 C2 / C4 / C6 C3 / C7 AGI option area C AGI option area C North South (Corridor (c12km) (c 12km) (c 15km) (c.14km) (c 17km) C3/ C7 only) accesses required

Commentary Corridor option C3 / C7 offers greater topographical challenges than any of the other options, is longer and requires an additional block valve. This option also has significant embankments, steep gradients, and access is restricted due to the location of the Market Weighton Canal. From a constructability perspective therefore other options are considered to perform better. When compared with option C1, C2 comprises greater flood risk, restricted access, and is of longer length meaning that C1 would be preferable. Corridor options C2 / C4 / C5 and C2 / C4 / C6 are therefore not a preferred when compared against other options. Corridor optionsC1 / C4 / C5 and C1 / C4 / C6 minimise topographical constraints, and are the shorter combinations of the corridor options in this Zone and include similar constraints. However the topography corridor option C5 appears to offer a less challenging gradient than C6 and would require less ‘benching’. C1/C4/C5 is therefore considered preferable from a constructability perspective. Preferred option – C1 / C4 / C5

Consultation

Corridor Market Weighton Market Weighton Market Weighton Market Weighton Potential effect on a Western end of Southern block Specific Canal crosses Canal crosses Canal crosses Canal crosses local limestone seam Cherry Burton is valve site Comments these route corridor these route these route these route (East Riding of a conservation (located between options(1 corridor options corridor options (1 corridor options Yorkshire Council area (1 route corridor respondent) (C1 (1 respondent) respondent) (C2 (1 respondent) policy to safeguard respondent) options 3 and 7), /C4) (C1 /C2). /C4). (C2 /C4). supply for future use) in area that (1 respondent) (C3). Proposed project covers natural Route would be Follows the route Listed Sodhouse Listed Sodhouse should not affect springs (1 most direct (1 on the defunct Lock is located on Lock is located Option could affect “significant respondent). respondent) (C1 Beverley to York the southern edge on the southern existing woodland in stands of trees” /C4 / C5) railway so could of C2. (1 edge of C2. (1 the area (1 between Cherry reduce disruption respondent) (C2). respondent) (C2) respondent) (C3). Burton and Best route due to (1 respondent) Bishop Burton (1 location of historical (C6). Proposed project Follows route of Route follows the line respondent). sites between should avoid the defunct Beverley of an existing pipeline, Leconfield and Anglo-Saxon Hudson Way to York railway providing existing Beverley (1 pottery has been (campaign to so could reduce geological and respondent) (C1 found in this area reopen the disruption (1 environmental

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor C1 / C4 / C5 C1 / C4 / C6 C2 / C4 / C5 C2 / C4 / C6 C3 / C7 AGI option area C AGI option area C North South (Corridor (c12km) (c 12km) (c 15km) (c.14km) (c 17km) C3/ C7 only) /C4 / C5). (1 respondent) defunct railway respondent) knowledge of the area (C6). from Beverley to (C6). (1 respondent) (C3). Potential effect on York). (1 local aquifers for Has high amenity respondent) (C5) Anglo-Saxon Significant drinking water (1 value for pottery has been archaeological finds respondent) (C1 recreation (1 Option could found in this area previously made in the /C4 / C5). stakeholder) cause disruption (1 respondent) area (near Rudstone (C6). on the main Hull (C6). Walk Farm, North Proposed project to York road Cave) (1 should avoid the during Has high amenity respondent)(C3). Hudson Way construction. (1 value for (campaign to respondent) (C5) recreation (1 Drainage, (believed reopen the defunct stakeholder) related to previous railway from Has high amenity (C6). pipeline project) (1 Beverley to York). value for respondent) (C3). (1 respondent) (C5) recreation (1 stakeholder) (C5) Market Weighton Option could cause Canal crosses this disruption on the route corridor options main Hull to York (1 respondent) (C3). road during construction. (1 Avoid “rich farmlands respondent) (C5) and ancient works” to the north of Zone C (1 Has high amenity respondent) (C3 /C7) value for recreation(1 Less intrusive from stakeholder)(C5) landscape viewpoint (1 stakeholder) (C3) North Cave Wetlands Reserve is located immediately south, with much archaeology and where future deepwater lakes and flood meadowland 94

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor C1 / C4 / C5 C1 / C4 / C6 C2 / C4 / C5 C2 / C4 / C6 C3 / C7 AGI option area C AGI option area C North South (Corridor (c12km) (c 12km) (c 15km) (c.14km) (c 17km) C3/ C7 only) may be an issue for the pipeline (1 stakeholder) (C3).

Non corridor Wetlands and associated bird populations to the south (near North Cave) (2 respondents). specific comments - Project should not increase traffic disruption in the area (2 respondents). Disused railway tunnels are used by universities for research (1 respondent). There are plans to redevelop the Beverley to Market Weighton railway (1 respondent). Pipeline should not be routed near Lockington (1 respondent). Most of the land to the south has drains for agriculture (1 respondent). An existing pipeline crosses this zone (1 respondent). St Austin’s stone is in the area (1 respondent).

Commentary General issues with regard to Zone C raised during the consultation included land drainage, historical / archaeological significance of the area, traffic disruption, the disused railway and the local limestone seam. Responses to the consultation offer limited opportunity to make a clear differentiation between options. Options in the northern part of zone C (C1, C2, C4 and C6) were described as having high amenity value for recreation, conversely however reference was made to the ecological and heritage value in the more southerly of the options (C3 and C7) No clear preference

Outcome

All options are within the Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value. Route corridor option C3 / C7 would require an additional block valve and offers little attraction from a construability perspective where greater topographical challenges, length and the requirement for an additional block mean collectively this options is less preferable.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor C1 / C4 / C5 C1 / C4 / C6 C2 / C4 / C5 C2 / C4 / C6 C3 / C7 AGI option area C AGI option area C North South (Corridor (c12km) (c 12km) (c 15km) (c.14km) (c 17km) C3/ C7 only)

Corridor C2 can be discounted in favour of C1 due to its additional length and increased exposure to the flood plain. Due to more challenging topographic issues in area C6, C5 is also considered preferable from a construability perspective. Advantage and disadvantages were noted with regards all corridors during the Stage 1 consultation and comments received offered little scope for differentiation between route options. One observation from a respondent however did highlight that route C1/C4/C5 would be most direct. C3, C7 and C2 can be discounted from an environmental and constructability perspective. With little to differentiate C5 and C6 environmentally and from a review of consultation responses it is considered that C5 should be pursued which offers favourable topography compared by C6 and consequently is likely to be easier to construct. Preferred option in Zone C is C1 / C4 / C5

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

10.1.7 Route Corridor Comparison Table Zone D

Route Corridor D1 / D4 D1 / D5 D2 D3 / D6 AGI Option Area D AGI Option Area D North South (c 11km) (c 10km) (c 11km) (c 17km) (Corridor D3/D6 only)

Socio – Economic and Environment

Consideration Potential SPZ.(High) Potential SPZ.(High) Potential SPZ.(High) Requires extra block SSSI rivers extend SSSIs (Pulfin Bog and s valve (Very High) across the north-west Leven Canal) are Archaeological Archaeological potential Archaeological (River Hull) and north- located in the North potential (High) (High) potential (High) Archaeological potential east (Kelk Beck to (High) Frodingham Beck) of Hall Wind Farm Crossings of Main Crossings ofMain River Crossings of Main extends across the Network (Moderate) the area River Network River network Leven Canal (disused) eastern half of the (Moderate) (Moderate) SSSI (High) RIGS (Moderate) The Driffield Canal area RIGS (Moderate) RIGS (Moderate) Hall Wind Farm (High) extends north to Potentially south-west SPZ3 Potentially contaminated land Potentially Crosses disused Leven Hull Valley area of (Moderate) Canal(High) Partially within Hull contaminated land contaminated land archaeological (Moderate) (Moderate) Valley and Holderness Yorkshire Wolds Area RIGS (Moderate) Plain areas of potential. Potential for Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Flood Zone 2&3 encountering Local 1 no. nature archaeological of High Landscape Value (Minor) (Moderate) potential. Potential for important archaeology Value (Minor) conservation site moderate National public rights of Yorkshire Wolds Area (Moderate) encountering National public rights way, (Minor) of High Landscape important archaeology Large watercourse of way, (Minor) Value (Minor) Linear ponds (Moderate) moderate crossings (Main Mineral Safeguarding rivers) Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) National public rights of Flood Zone 2&3 RIGS Area (Minor) way, (Minor) (Moderate) Planning allocation at Numerous Main rivers Crossing of 2 section of former RAF Leconfield National Cycle Route Mineral Safeguarding military training facility (Minor) Area (Minor) Main rivers (Moderate) Potentially contaminated land (Moderate)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor D1 / D4 D1 / D5 D2 D3 / D6 AGI Option Area D AGI Option Area D North South (c 11km) (c 10km) (c 11km) (c 17km) (Corridor D3/D6 only)

Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value (Minor) National public rights of way (Minor) Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor)

Commentary All options are within the Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value, cross potentially contaminated land, and a potential SPZ. Corridor Option D3 / D6 crosses a SSSI, and the area for the proposed Hall Wind Farm the coverage of which would be potentially unavoidable creating a significant constraint to routeing within this corridor. This option is therefore not preferred. Corridor options D1 / D4 and D1 / D5 have few differentiators and are of similar length. Both options are likely to necessitate the crossing of two SSSI Rivers within AGI Option Area D North. Although due to their narrow linear nature could be crossed using non open cut techniques to avoid adverse effects. An extensive area of flood potential along corridor D2 means it can be considered to have a similar, if not greater capacity for adverse environmental effects as D1/D4 and D1/D5. Preferred Options - D1 / D4, D1 / D5 and D2

Constructability

Consideration Chalk pits and Chalk pits and Approx. 25% of Approx. 25% of corridor Large watercourses Hall Wind Farm s associated potential associated potential for corridor is within gently is within gently sloping and Flood Zones 2&3 for sink holes sink holes sloping uplands uplands associated with Within Flood Zone 3 associated with the the crossing of the Limited access Narrow roads in Narrow roads in vicinity between River Hull High risk of UXO is crossing of the Yorkshire Wolds located near former vicinity of Bracken of Bracken Yorkshire Wolds and Driffield Canal Hudson Way (deep could result in a ‘lock RAF Leconfield in the Crossing of Driffield Crossing of Driffield to Limited access east of cutting embankment out’ west to Beverley railway Beverley railway line South Dalton either side of A164) line Crossing of the Restricted access Potential for Significant access Limited access to east of Driffield to Beverley (possible lock out WWII Stop Line encountering UXO/UXB constraints in vicinity of the A614 railway line. between railway and

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor D1 / D4 D1 / D5 D2 D3 / D6 AGI Option Area D AGI Option Area D North South (c 11km) (c 10km) (c 11km) (c 17km) (Corridor D3/D6 only)

(potential UXO/UXB) from former RAF Scurf Dike and Disused airfield at Significant number of Beverley and Hutton Cranswick Froddingham Beck Barmston Drain) eastern end of route ditches and drains in WWII Stop Line Crossing of Driffield to corridor option D3, the vicinity of the Beverley to Barmston (potential UXO/UXB) Beverley railway. former RAF Leconfield railway crossing, Drain (navigable wide (increased potential for (access and waterway / separation Access & UXO / UXB) constructability distance from parallel constructability challenges) deep ditches challenges in vicinity of Proposed Hall Wind railway crossing due to Farm Crossing of gas Crossing of water pipeline significant number of WWII Stop Line main to access D6 ditches and drains (potential UXO/UXB) ; Proximity to River Hull Limited access and Walton Beck waterpark Watton Beck (limited access, raised and

narrow highways with deep ditches, also significant flood defences) Known potential for UXO / UXB (WWII Stop Line)

Commentary Corridor option D3/D6 is notably longer than other options. It would require extensive off easement access during construction due to the limited highway network in the area. Notably, this corridor also includes the proposed Hall Farm Wind Farm which would be unavoidable. The route also requires additional length and could necessitate an additional block valve when compared to other options in this Zone. Collectively these issues mean that corridor D3 / D6 is less preferable in construction terms when compared to others.

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor D1 / D4 D1 / D5 D2 D3 / D6 AGI Option Area D AGI Option Area D North South (c 11km) (c 10km) (c 11km) (c 17km) (Corridor D3/D6 only)

Corridor D2 requires working below sea level and pumped drainage. The route would have access restrictions and off easement access requirements during the construction phase. In addition, topographical challenges on the route mean that D2 is considered less preferable when compared against options D1 / D4 and D1 / D5. Corridor D1 / D4 when compared to D1 / D5 offers fewer crossings, better access provision during construction and avoids an area of flood zone 3. Preferred Option – D1 / D4

Consultation

Corridor Proximity to SSSI Avoids close proximity Avoids close proximity Project should avoid the Southern area is in Specific near Bryan Mills to housing (1 to housing (3 Hudson Way (campaign proximity to the Comments Farm and at Driffield respondent) (D5) respondents) (D2). to reopen the defunct search and rescue Beck (1 respondent) railway from Beverley to helicopter base at (D4) Proximity to SSSI near Proximity to nature York) (1 respondent) Leconfield (1 Bryan Mills Farm and reserve at Tophill Low, (D3). respondent). Poor road access for at Driffield Beck (1 (3 respondents) (D2). vehicles during respondent) (D5). Option would give rise to Southern area construction, (local Proximity to nature the potential need for encompasses Swine roads are narrow) (1 Poor road access for reserve at Watton (2 two block valve sites(1 Moor – an area of respondents) (D2). respondent) (D4) vehicles during respondent) (D3). common pasture construction, (local land. (1 respondent). Passes close to roads are narrow) (3 Proximity to SSSI near Project should not affect Hutton. (1 respondents) (D5). Bryan Mills Farm and “significant stands of Southern area is in respondent) (D4) at Driffield Beck (1 trees” between Cherry close proximity to respondent) (D2). Avoids proximity to Burton and Bishop housing in the area. Potential effect of the local villages in the Proximity to wetland Burton (1 respondent) (2 respondents). proposed project on area (1 respondent) (D3). local aquifers for (D5). areas to the west of drinking water (1 the River Hull (1 Follows the route on the respondent) (D2). respondent) (D1 / Involves single track defunct Beverley to York D4). roads with weight railway and so could restrictions (1 Poor road access for vehicles during reduce disruption (1 Involves single track stakeholder).(D5) respondent) (D3). roads with weight construction (local roads are narrow) (3

100

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor D1 / D4 D1 / D5 D2 D3 / D6 AGI Option Area D AGI Option Area D North South (c 11km) (c 10km) (c 11km) (c 17km) (Corridor D3/D6 only)

restrictions (1 respondents) (D2). Area includes seam of stakeholder).(D4) Location of existing gravel pits and lakes that archaeological sites in might be difficult to the area (1 tunnel beneath (1 respondent) (D2). respondent) (D6). Potential effect on Area includes a major “numerous” fresh water water pipeline (1 springs within the route respondent) (D6). option (1 respondent) Known archaeology in (D2). the area (1 respondent) Involves single track (D6). roads with weight Could adversely affect restrictions (1 local airfields (at Leven stakeholder).(D2) and Beverley Linley Hill) (1 respondent) (D6). Easier access during construction (1 respondent) (D3 / D6). Avoids “rich farmland and ancient works” to the north of the area (1 respondent) (D3 / D6). Provides ease of access and close to Tickton bridging point over River Hull (1 stakeholder) (D3 / D6)

Non corridor Previous tunnel under River Hull was abandoned due to loss of grout (1 respondent). specific

101

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor D1 / D4 D1 / D5 D2 D3 / D6 AGI Option Area D AGI Option Area D North South (c 11km) (c 10km) (c 11km) (c 17km) (Corridor D3/D6 only) comments

Commentary General issues with regard to zone D raised during the consultation included historical / archaeological significance of area, traffic disruption, disused railway, woodland, proximity to SSSI and nature reserves, proximity to villages and housing, gravel pits, and aquifers. A notable number of responses were received in relation to D2 with many respondents highlighting nature conservation issues and poor access as concerns to routeing in this area. For corridor options D3 / D6 there was recognition of the need for an additional block valve site, the location of the gravel pits. Conversely a number of respondents felt that access for construction could be easier in the area. No specific comments were noted on option D1. In relation to corridors D4 and D5 a number of responses were received, for example in relation to a SSSI, proximity to villages and properties and access. It is difficult to identify clear conclusions on route preference from the consultation however the perceived nature conservation value identified in D2 would suggest that this option could be considered less preferable. For corridor options D1 / D4, D1 / D5 and D3 / D6 it is difficult to establish a consensus based on the responses provided. Preferred Options – D1 / D4, D1 / D5 and D3 / D6

Outcome

Due to the location of a proposed wind farm, and the need for extra block valve when linked with other options corridor option D3 /D6 is not preferred when compared to other options. Due to constructability considerations, including working below sea level, pumped drainage, access restrictions and potential proximity to a site of recreational value corridor option D2 is also not considered as preferable. Discounting D2 appeared to be broadly supported by respondents to the consultation who identified nature conservation constraints as being of value in this area. D4 and D5 would necessitate a requirement to cross two SSSI rivers when entering AGI Option Area D North. If route D4 or D5 were progressed the potential effect on this resource must be balanced against the potential construction constraints, in particular the long sections of working in a flood zone. On balance, and since river SSSIs would be crossed using non open cut techniques thus being capable of avoiding significant harm, routes D1 / D4 or D1/D5 are considered preferable to D2. Corridor D1 / D4 is considered to necessitate fewer crossings of linear features, offer better access provision during the construction phase and avoids an area of flood zone when compared to D1 / D5. In the absence of other clear differentiating factors this option would be preferred.

102

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor D1 / D4 D1 / D5 D2 D3 / D6 AGI Option Area D AGI Option Area D North South (c 11km) (c 10km) (c 11km) (c 17km) (Corridor D3/D6 only)

Preferred Option – D1 / D4

10.1.8 Route Corridor Comparison Table Zone E

Route Corridor E1 E2 E3 (c 10km) (c 8km) (c 5km)

Socio – Economic and Environment

Considerations Archaeological potential (Moderate) Archaeological potential (Moderate) Archaeological potential (Moderate) A-road crossing (Moderate) Regionally Important Geological Site RIGS (Moderate) (Moderate) Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor) . Mineral Safeguarding Area (Minor)

Commentary Although not indicated in the onshore considerations there is a Draft Marine Conservation Zone to the coast at E3 which affects the attractiveness of this option when consideration is given to the need for an offshore pipeline. It is also notable that Corridor E3 contains a SSSI which although avoidable, is in a prominent position on the coast in the centre of the corridor option and when considered alongside the nearby RIGS could affect routeing options. There is little to differentiate between corridors E1 and E2, both include unavoidable mineral safeguarding areas of archaeological potential. Corridor E2 however includes an additional avoidable local nature conservation site (moderate) and Regionally Important Geological Site (moderate). Preferred options – E1

Constructability

Considerations Planned wind farm to the east of Fraisthorpe Known potential to encounter UXO / UXB Known potential to encounter UXO / UXB associated with known former minefields associated with known former minefields

103

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor E1 E2 E3 (c 10km) (c 8km) (c 5km)

Limited access previously located on cliff top and / or beach previously located on cliff top and / or beach Limited access from the B1242 (approx. Proximity issues to substantial caravan park 2.5km of cul de sac working required to landfall position)

Commentary Within corridor E1 constructability concerns include a wind farm constraint proximity issues and the offshore conditions. Corridor E2 raises potential UXO/UXB issues and proximity considerations due to the location of North Frodingham. Considerations within corridor E3 include difficult access, the proximity of caravan park, potential UXO / UXB, and the height of cliffs (which are greater in this option than E1 or E2) Corridors E1 and E2 are very similar in nature making it difficult to differentiate. Preferred options – E1 and E2

Consultation

Corridor Specific Potential effect on local villages Potentially the least expensive with regard to Potential effect on proposed development in Comments reinforcement against coastal erosion (1 the area, (farm at Skipsea) (1 respondent) Potential effect of wind farm developments respondent) Potential effect on proposed, small housing Application for onshore wind farm in the area and development (Withow Gap) (1 respondent) also proposals for the landfall of cables from offshore wind farms in the North Sea (1 respondent) Potential effect on proposed 23 unit development currently under construction(2 Existing wind farm located in the area (1 respondents) respondent) Effect on areas designated as SSSI at Withow Lower cliff height could potentially be an advantage Gap and Skipsea Brough(3 respondents) to the project(2 respondents) Best option as project could potentially result Lower level of erosion at the coast (1 respondent) in greater visual effect were it routed further Route suffers from coastal erosion that would affect north (1 respondent) 104

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor E1 E2 E3 (c 10km) (c 8km) (c 5km)

the siting of the proposed pumping station (1 Potential effect of coastal erosion on the respondent) proposed project (4 respondents) Effect on existing wind farms in the area Effect on proposed offshore wind farms, (1 respondent)

Potential visual effect of the project (1 respondent) Potential environmental effect on animal habitats in the area(1 respondent)

Commentary General issues raised include the proximity to the SSSI, proximity to villages and housing, the wind farms, and coastal erosion. Comments on corridor E3 also include the potential effect on development sites as well as all the general issues raised as listed above. Comments regarding the effect on the SSSI and habitats, and relating to coastal erosion in particular, were in greater numbers than for corridors E1 and E2. The lack of comments on E2 does not infer any preference for this option. On the basis of the responses received the preferred option in this Zone are E1 and E2, when considered against E3. Preferred Option – E1 and E2

Outcome

Corridor E3 performs less favourably than other options on environmental grounds due to the location of the offshore Draft Marine Conservation Area and SSSI and RIGS in the centre of the corridor. In addition the height of beach cliffs in this area are greater than other routes meaning the route would offer less flexibility on the approaches to construction. Comments from the consultation were reasonably balanced with coastal erosion cited as a common concern in options E1 and E3. As there are no strong reasons to differentiate between E1 and E2, and due to the need to consider offshore connections, at this stage of project development both options have been retained.

105

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Route Corridor E1 E2 E3 (c 10km) (c 8km) (c 5km)

Preferred Options – E1 and E2

106

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

11 CONCLUSIONS

11.1 Route Corridors 11.1.1 Having regard to the studies and consultation undertaken to date and to consultation responses received, it is concluded that the preferred route corridor is as follows: Zone A – A1 /A2; 11.1.2 There is little to differentiate options in Zone A with respect to environment, for example all route corridors encompass Source Protection Zone 3, have moderate potential for archaeology, local wildlife sites and flood zones 2 and 3. It is however considered that shorter routes generally have the potential for fewer environmental effects which would therefore favour options A1/A2. With regard to constructability corridor option A1/ A2 has several advantages: the route is shorter which potentially reduces the construction programme and limits time spent constructing in a floodplain environment. The options would also require fewer crossings of significant linear features. Consultation responses have been noted but provided limited scope to assist in corridor selection. In support of one response however it is noted that corridor option A1 / A2 provides the opportunity to route closer to Drax, a potential future connectee, and avoids a potential difficult crossing of the Dutch River. The location of a wind farm in AGI Option Area A limits routeing options northward of AGI Option Area A (see below) and therefore route corridor options A3 and A4 are not to be preferred. Zone B – B2 / B5 11.1.3 With regard to environmental issues within Zone B, Corridor B1 (and therefore Option B1 / B6) has been discounted due to the unavoidable SAC site. Options that include route corridor B4 require the crossing an unavoidable local nature conservation site which, along with its longer length would be less preferable. In addition, access issues and the requirement for an additional special crossing within B6 limit the attractiveness of this corridor from a constructability perspective. Corridor options B2 / B5 and B3 / B5 are considered similar but the location of a wind farm within the Central Part of AGI Option Area and located close to the River Ouse A limits routeing options to B3 meaning corridor B2 is preferred. 11.1.4 Issued raised during the consultation were largely common to all options (e.g. effect on agricultural resources) and could not therefore determine route selection. 11.1.5 On balance, it is considered that a combination of potentially lower environmental effect and easier access for construction activity would mean B2 / B5 is preferable. Zone C – C1 / C4 / C5 11.1.6 Within Zone C all options are located within the Yorkshire Wolds Area of High Landscape Value. Route corridor options C3 / C7 would require an additional block valve and offers little attraction from a construability perspective where greater topographical challenges, length and the requirement for an additional block mean collectively this options is less preferable. 11.1.7 Corridor C2 can be discounted in favour of C1 due to its additional length and increased exposure to the flood plain. Due to more challenging topographic issues in area C6, C5 is also considered preferable from a constructability perspective.

107 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

11.1.8 Advantage and disadvantages were noted with regards all corridors during the Stage 1 consultation and comments received offered little scope for differentiation between route options. One observation from a respondent however did highlight that route C1/C4/C5 would be most direct. 11.1.9 Route corridor C3 / C7 can be discounted from a constructability perspective due to the extent of the route corridor affected by the steeper gradients through that part of the Yorkshire Wolds. With little to differentiate C5 and C6 environmentally and from a review of consultation responses it is considered that C5 should be pursued which offers favourable topography compared with C6 and consequently is likely to be easier to construct. Zone D – D1 / D4 11.1.10 Due to the location of the proposed Hall Wind Farm, and the need for extra block valve when linked with other options corridor option D3 /D6 is not preferred when compared to other options. 11.1.11 Due to constructability considerations, including the need to work below sea level, pumped drainage, access restrictions and potential proximity to a site of recreational value corridor option D2 is also not considered as preferable. Discounting D2 appeared to be broadly supported by respondents to the consultation who identified nature conservation constraints as being of value in this area. D4 and D5 would necessitate a requirement to cross two SSSI rivers when entering AGI Option Area D North albeit that since this would involve non open cut techniques, this ought not to cause significant harm. If route D4 or D5 were progressed the potential effect on this resource must be balanced against the potential construction constraints, in particular the long sections of working in a flood zone. On balance, and since the SSSIs would be crossed using non open cut techniques, route D1 / D4 or D1/D5 are considered preferable to D2. 11.1.12 Corridor D1 / D4 is considered to necessitate fewer crossings of significant linear features, offer better access provision during the construction phase and avoids an area of flood zone when compared to D1 / D5. In the absence of other clear differentiating factors this option would be preferred. Zone E – E1 and E2 11.1.13 Corridor E3 performs less favourably than other options on environmental grounds due to the location of the offshore Draft Marine Conservation Area and the onshore SSSI with adjacent RIGS in the centre of the corridor. In addition the height of beach cliffs in this area are greater than other routes meaning the route would offer less flexibility on the approaches to construction. Comments from the consultation were reasonably balanced with coastal erosion cited as a common concern in options E1 and E3. 11.1.14 As there are no strong reasons to differentiate between E1 and E2, and due to the need to consider corridors for offshore pipelines connections, at this stage of project development both options have been retained.

11.2 AGI Option Areas 11.2.1 It follows from the selection of C1/C4/C5 and D1/D4 as part of the preferred route corridor, that AGI Option Areas C North and D North are preferred over their southern counterparts.

108 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

11.3 Extension Areas 11.3.1 Studies have been continuing both during and since consultation on the Draft Route Corridor Study. These studies have indicated that, in addition to those areas identified as preferred corridor options at the Stage 1 Consultations a small number of corridor diversions could facilitate an easier approach to construction without raising materially more adverse socio economic or environmental considerations. These areas would be subject to further investigation to determine suitability and would be included at any subsequent consultation. These extensions are as follows: • Extension to Route Corridor Options A1 and A2: It is recommended that route corridor options A1 and A2 be extended westwards in vicinity of the River Don to avoid crossing the river and maximise access opportunities for construction vehicles between the Aire and Calder Navigation and the M62 motorway. • Extension to Route Corridor Option B5: It is recommended that route corridor option B5 be extended in a southerly direction to the west of Portlington in order to improve access during construction. This extension would allow access to the construction area from the A614. A small extension to the west of Howden train station is also recommended to avoid a local tree plantation. • Extension to Route Corridor Option C5: It is recommended that route corridor option C5 is extended to the south to maximise opportunities to cross the Hudson Way at a suitable location. • Extension to AGI Option Area D North: It is recommended that AGI Option Area D North be extended slightly further north towards Wansford to reduce the length of any cross of the River Hull, Driffield Canal and B1249.

11.4 Summary 11.4.1 The preferred solution as to route corridors to be progressed including recommended additional search areas is illustrated below. More detailed plans can be viewed at www.ccshumber.co.uk.

109 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

110 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

12 NEXT STEPS

12.1.1 This report will be published on the project website to accompany the announcement of preferred route corridor. National Grid is now seeking feedback from stakeholders, interest groups and members of the public on the appraisal process undertaken in this report and the recommendations that have been made. 12.1.2 Studies will continue to identify both refined areas of search within AGI Option Areas for relevant AGI Sites and preferred route corridors to link to potential AGI Sites within those Option Areas and offshore route corridors. Reports recording the results of those studies will be published in due course.

111 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

GLOSSARY

AGI Above Ground Installation These are structures and engineering such as elements of block valves and pumping stations that will be required to be above ground level. AGI Option Area Area of search for a block valve site as shown on the Stage One consultation display maps as Area A, Area B, Area C North, Area C South, Area D North and Area D South AGI Site Site for a block valve, pumping station or other above ground installation Block Valves Block valves would be required approximately every 15km along the route for isolation and monitoring of the pipeline. These would include buried pipework, valves, an instrument building and a vent stack. CCS Carbon capture, transportation and storage The process whereby carbon dioxide emissions from power stations and industrial facilities are captured at the source before being compressed and transported to be injected under high pressure into depleted oil and gas fields or natural saline geological formations, either onshore or offshore.

CO2 Carbon dioxide Compressor A compressor would be required to compress the carbon dioxide prior to transportation along the pipeline. Consultation Zone The Zone extended at least 500 metres either side of the pipeline route corridor options and at least 500 metres around the areas of search for block valves. The zone boundary was drawn at 500 metres either side of the corridor options to ensure that all those addresses on, and within the immediate vicinity of, the route corridor options were covered. The Zone also included all those parish and town council areas encompassed by the route options or the 500 metres area. Don Valley Power The proposed power station to be located at Stainforth, adjacent Project to the Hatfield Colliery, near Doncaster EIA Environmental Impact Assessment Habitats The assessment of the effects of implementing a plan on specific Regulations types of designated sites, such as a SAC. Assessment IPC Infrastructure Planning Commission Under the Localism Bill it is proposed that the IPC will be replaced by a Major Infrastructure Planning Unit with final decisions on Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects to be taken by the relevant secretary of state. However, this document refers to the IPC as the examining authority as it is accurate at the time of writing. Km Kilometre Landfall The point at which the pipeline reaches the coast

112 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor

Pumping station A pumping station would be required to re-pressurise the carbon dioxide before it is piped offshore. The proposed location of this pumping station will be determined at a later stage, following the selection of the preferred route corridor and further investigations. RCS Route Corridor Study An appraisal of the high-level planning and environmental constraints to identify potential route corridor options within a defined study area Route Corridor Option for a route corridor within a Route Corridor Zone Option Route Corridor To aid the feedback and analysis of consultees’ views on the route Zone (A – E) corridor options, the geographical area between the proposed start point and the Holderness coast was divided into five sections (referred to as Zones A – E). SAC Special Area of Conservation SACs are protected conservation sites designated under the European Commission (EC) Habitats Directive. SOAR Strategic Options Appraisal Report The SOAR identifies and appraises the merits of different potential strategic options for the proposed pipeline project against a range of factors. SPZ Source Protection Zone Groundwater sources such as wells, boreholes and springs used for public drinking water supply, as defined by the Environment Agency. SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest Sites providing statutory protection for significant examples of UK flora, fauna, or geological or physiographical features.

113 APPENDIX D

COMPRESSOR SITE OPTIONS APPRAISAL REPORT JUNE 2012

Compressor Site Options Appraisal 10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Final October 2012

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Table of Contents

ABBREVIATIONS ...... iii Executive Summary ...... 1 1 Introduction ...... 3 1.1 THE PROJECT ...... 3 1.2 WORK TO DATE ...... 4 1.3 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT ...... 5 2 Definition of the Area of Search ...... 7 2.2 NEED FOR COMPRESSION ...... 7 2.3 LOCATION OF THE COMPRESSOR ...... 7 2.4 BENEFITS OF CO-LOCATING A MULTI JUNCTION WITH THE COMPRESSOR ...... 7 2.5 RATIONALE FOR THE AREA OF SEARCH ...... 8 3 Design Parameters and Installation Requirements ...... 10 3.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ...... 10 3.2 ASSUMPTIONS ...... 15 4 Site Identification and Options Appraisal Process ...... 16 4.1 INITIAL DESK BASED SITE IDENTIFICATION ...... 16 4.2 SITE VISIT...... 17 4.3 OPTIONS APPRAISAL ...... 18 4.4 LIMITATIONS ...... 18 5 Area of Search - Baseline ...... 19 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ...... 19 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SITING AND ROUTEING CONSIDERATIONS ...... 37 5.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE ...... 39 5.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITING AND ROUTEING CONSIDERATIONS ...... 45 5.5 TECHNICAL AND SAFETY ...... 46 5.6 TECHNICAL AND SAFETY SITING AND ROUTEING CONSIDERATIONS ...... 47 5.7 SUMMARY OF PIPELINE ROUTEING CONSIDERATIONS WITHIN THE AREA OF SEARCH ...... 48 5.8 SUMMARY OF COMPRESSOR SITING CONSIDERATIONS WITHIN THE AREA OF SEARCH ...... 49 6 Potential Compressor Sites ...... 51 6.1 ALL IDENTIFIED POTENTIAL COMPRESSOR SITES ...... 51 6.2 COMPRESSOR SITES DISCOUNTED FOLLOWING INITIAL REVIEW ...... 52 6.3 REMAINING COMPRESSOR SITE LOCATIONS ...... 64 7 Comparative Analysis ...... 71 7.2 ROUTEING CONSIDERATIONS ...... 79 7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ...... 79 7.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS ...... 80 7.5 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS ...... 81 7.6 COST CONSIDERATIONS ...... 81 8 Conclusions ...... 82 8.2 PROPOSED SUMMER 2012 CONSULTATION ...... 82

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 i

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

9 References ...... 84 10 Glossary of Terms ...... 85

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A Options Appraisal Methodology APPENDIX B Site Options – Site Specific Considerations APPENDIX C Road Access Restrictions on Potential Access Routes APPENDIX D Viewsheds APPENDIX E Photographs of Site Options APPENDIX F Summer 2012 Consultation

FIGURES

1 Preferred Route Corridor Overview 2 Area of Search 3 Legend for Figures 3.1 to 3.5 3.1 Constraints Map CP1- Hatfield 3.2 Constraints Map CP2 – Fosterhouses 3.3 Constraints Map CP3 – Pollington 3.4 Constraints Map CP4, CP5, CP6, CP7 3.5 Constraints Map CP8 – Drax 4 Road Access 5 Landscape Character Areas 6 Minerals 7 Water Resources

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 ii

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

ABBREVIATIONS

AGI Above ground installation ALC Agricultural Land Classification AOD Above Ordnance Datum AoS Area of Search BMV Best and Most Versatile Agricultural Land c. Circa / approximately CCP Carbon Capture Plant CCS Carbon Capture and Storage CO2 Carbon dioxide DVPP Don Valley Power Project EA Environment Agency ERYC East Riding of Yorkshire Council EIA Environmental Impact Assessment FEED Front End Engineering Design HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle HV OHL High Voltage Overhead line LCA Landscape Character Area LCT Landscape Character Type LWS Local Wildlife Site MAOP Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure NCA National Character Area (Natural England) NGR Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference NPPF National Planning Policy Framework NYCC North Yorkshire County Council PIG Pipeline Internal Gauge / Pipeline Inspection Gauge PRC Preferred Route Corridor RCS Route Corridor Study SAC Special Area of Conservation (Habitats Directive Natura SIte) SINC Site of Importance for Nature Conservation SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest SPA Special Protection Area (Birds Directive Natura Site) SPZ Source Protection Zone UXO Unexploded Ordnance UXB Unexploded Bomb WFD Water Framework Directive

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 iii

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Executive Summary National Grid proposes to construct a pipeline transportation network and storage facility to support the provision of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology in the Yorkshire and Humber Region. The project would comprise the construction of a cross country pipeline (including associated infrastructure comprising a compressor, block valve sites and an onshore pumping station) to transport carbon dioxide (CO2) from the proposed Don Valley Power Project (DVPP) at Stainforth, adjacent to the Hatfield colliery near Doncaster, to a permanent storage site beneath the North Sea. The on-shore transportation element of the Yorkshire and Humber CCS project requires a new buried high pressure pipeline of approximately 85km in length with a maximum nominal diameter of 900mm for the transportation of CO2 from a carbon capture plant (CCP) at a Power Station proposed as part of the DVPP at Stainforth, to a location on the Holderness coast. Following studies and consultations conducted in 2011 a Preferred Corridor within which the proposed on-shore pipeline would be routed has been identified. To aid consultation the pipeline route corridor is divided into five consultation zones (A to E, with A being located furthest from the Coast).

In order to support efficient operation of the system a compressor is required to compress the CO2 from a gas to a liquid before being transported over long distances. The compressor would facilitate the transportation of

CO2 through a single pipeline to the Holderness coast. As part of the development of the project it is intended that the proposed cross-country pipeline would form the basis of a CCS network into which other emitters could connect. Depending on the suitability of the site it is possible that the compressor site could be designed to accommodate a multi-junction. This would allow additional pipelines transporting CO2 from other regional emitters to connect to the eventual network. A combined compressor and multi-junction site is anticipated to require an estimated land take of approximately 270m x 370m (approx. 10ha) including a 15m wide planting strip and approximately 240m x 340m (approx. 8.0ha) security fenced compound. This Site Options Appraisal report covers the identification and appraisal of potential compressor Site Options. The Area of Search (AoS) for the Compressor Site Options Appraisal falls within consultation zone A. The initial site identification included a desk study and used Ordnance Survey mapping, aerial photography, together with identified planning, environmental and engineering constraints. A site visit was also undertaken to the AoS. Primary criteria in considering suitable sites included capacity to accommodate the required landtake, avoidance of areas of population and major infrastructure, avoidance of environmental designations, ease of road access and screening potential. The constraints to routeing a pipeline to and from the Site Options within the AoS; the potential for future pipeline connections and the suitability of the site to accommodate a multi-junction as well as a compressor facility were also taken into account. Following the initial site identification a number of sites were discounted. An appraisal of the remaining Site Options was then carried out taking into account environmental, socio- economic, and technical considerations as well as pipeline routeing considerations and potential for future pipeline connections to assess the comparative merits of the Site Options and inform the consultation process. The appraisal process has been iterative. At each stage, new information has become available and considered.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 1 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

The Appraisal has confirmed that the AoS can accommodate a pipeline route corridor into potential compressor/ multi junction sites from the DVPP. Two compressor Site Options, CP5 and CP7, have been identified to be taken forward for further consultation. Both these Site Options have the capacity to accommodate a multi-junction with the compressor facility and pipeline connections from the White Rose CCS

Project (adjacent to Drax power station) and from potential CO2 emission locations to the West, South and South East, and to the Preferred Route Corridor (PRC) to the East. Consultation on these compressor site options and the refined pipeline route corridor was carried out during Summer 2012 and feedback received will be taken into consideration and along side other environmental, socio-economic, technical and safety considerations will inform the selection of a compressor site.

The Final version of this report has been updated with factual information received during the consultation.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 2 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

1 Introduction

1.1 THE PROJECT

1.1.1 National Grid proposes to construct a pipeline transportation network and storage facility to support the provision of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology in the Yorkshire and Humber Region. The project would comprise the construction of a cross country pipeline (including associated infrastructure comprising a compressor, block valve sites and an onshore pumping

station) to transport carbon dioxide (CO2) from the proposed Don Valley Power Project (DVPP) at Stainforth, adjacent to the Hatfield colliery near Doncaster, to a permanent storage site beneath the

North Sea. The design parameters of the project are to capture up to five million tonnes of CO2 each year and up to 200 million tonnes over the lifetime of that particular power plant. 1.1.2 National Grid is mindful of the wider potential for CCS in the Yorkshire and Humber Region and has

a desire to develop a CO2 transportation and storage network which would satisfy both short and long term demands in the region. It is anticipated that the cross country pipeline and associated infrastructure would be capable of acting as the foundation for a future regional CCS network. To support this aspiration National Grid has developed route options to connect the project to the proposed White Rose CCS Project at the Drax Power Station site near Selby which would be

designed to capture a further two million tonnes of CO2 each year. 1.1.3 In total it is estimated that the project would comprise approximately 85km of new onshore pipelines and substantial offshore pipelines. Should the project ultimately form part of a larger onshore and offshore network, additional lengths of both onshore and offshore pipeline would be added to provide connections to other power stations, energy intensive industries and further North Sea storage options. 1.1.4 In order to support efficient operation of the system a compressor would need to be constructed to

compress the CO2 from a gas to a liquid before being transported over long distances. The

compressor would facilitate the transportation of CO2 through a single pipeline to the Holderness coast. 1.1.5 Depending on the suitability of the compressor site it is possible that it could also accommodate a

multi-junction. This would allow additional pipelines transporting CO2 from other regional emitters to connect to the eventual network in a space efficient and sustainable way.

1.1.6 A booster pumping station would be constructed to re-pressurise the CO2 before it is transported

offshore. It would also provide capacity to enable additional volumes of CO2 to be transported offshore for storage. 1.1.7 The compressor is anticipated to require a total land take of approximately 10ha and the pumping station would require approximately 9ha. Both of these estimates include appropriate landscape planting. Intermediate block valves would also be required along the length of the pipeline at approximately 15km intervals to support the safe operation of the system. Land take for each block valve site is considered to be approximately 0.6ha, which would also allow for appropriate landscape planting.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 3 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

1.1.8 We anticipate that in 2013 we will be applying for a Development Consent Order from Government for the onshore pipeline transportation system including any compressor, and pumping stations, and block valves. 1.1.9 The offshore elements of the project would fall within separate consenting regimes under the Petroleum Act 1998 and Energy Act 2008 for the pipeline and storage facility respectively.

1.2 WORK TO DATE

1.2.1 To date National Grid has prepared and published a Strategic Options Appraisal Report (June 2011) which following consideration of stakeholders’ consultation responses identified National Grid’s preferred strategic option to progress the project to be a buried pipeline from 2Co’s DVPP at Stainforth to the North of the Humber Estuary towards the Holderness coast and subsequently a subsea pipeline to an offshore storage facility. 1.2.2 A Route Corridor Study (RCS) was then prepared which looked at route corridor options for the onshore pipeline between the DVPP site and the East Yorkshire/Holderness coast between Bridlington and Hornsea. To aid the route corridor assessment and consultation process the study area was divided into five consultation zones (A to E). Consultation was carried out on the Route Corridor Options and the RCS amended accordingly. The finalised RCS and Selection of Preferred Corridor Report were published in November 2011. 1.2.3 The ‘Selection of Preferred Corridor’ Report outlines the selection of a preferred route corridor (PRC) within which the on-shore pipeline would be routed. Taking into account planning policy requirements; environmental and socio-economic considerations; constructability issues and representations from the Stage 1 Consultation on the potential corridors, the report presents an overview of the relative merits of the corridors and provides a basis for selecting a preferred corridor.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 4 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Figure 1 Preferred Route Corridor Overview 1.2.4 The report identifies a PRC which runs North from Stainforth passing West of Rawcliffe; then turns North East to run East of Barmby-on-the-Marsh and just North of Howden up to Holme-on-Spalding- Moor; continues just South of Market Weighton and then turns North to pass West of South Dalton and East of Middleton-on-the-Wolds and West of Lund; it then turns North East to run between Bainton and Kilnwick up to Driffield; there it turns East to pass South of Driffield and Skerne before turning North East again to run between Wansford and Beeford (around North Frodingham) where the corridor widens out to include two route corridor options which cover a section of the Holderness coast between Fraisthorpe and Ulrome. The PRC generally encompasses the northern most route corridor of those options considered, with the exception of Zone B where the most southern corridor is preferred. At the coast two corridors were selected to accommodate potential landfall options with the final decision on landfall being subject to further investigation. The preferred pipeline route corridor is represented in yellow in Figure 1 with other corridors considered shown in grey. Within each consultation zone ‘Preferred Areas of Interest for Block Valve sites’ are identified in blue. 1.2.5 Project specific documents are available to view at www.ccshumber.co.uk.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT

1.3.1 A Compressor is required to compress the CO2 into a liquid form for transportation within the

proposed pipeline. CO2 as a liquid can be transported more efficiently and with greater capacity.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 5 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

1.3.2 As part of the development of the project it is intended that the proposed pipeline could form a foundation of a regional CCS network into which other emitters could connect. In order to minimise the number of Above Ground Installations (AGIs) needed to operate such a pipeline system consideration has been given to the development of a single multi-junction site. It is considered possible to co-locate a multi-junction on the compressor site whilst not substantially affecting the overall footprint of the site. Combining these sites would also serve to reduce the number of required installations and minimise overall land take. 1.3.3 This report has been prepared as part of the pre- application phase of the on-shore transportation element of the Project to appraise potential Compressor Site Options and provide information to inform consultation on the selection of a Compressor site. This report also takes into consideration the potential for compressor Site Options to accommodate a multi-junction and the viability of routeing the main pipeline to and from the Site Options within the AoS as defined in the next chapter.

1.3.4 The Final version of this report has been updated with factual information received during the consultation on the compressor site options carried out during the summer of 2012.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 6 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

2 Definition of the Area of Search 2.1.1 The AoS is the area within which potential compressor site locations have been identified.

2.2 NEED FOR COMPRESSION

2.2.1 For the on-shore transportation element of the Yorkshire and Humber CCS Project, a new buried

pipeline is required for the transportation of CO2 from the proposed DVPP at Stainforth, to a location on the East Yorkshire / Holderness coast.

2.2.2 CO2 as a liquid can be transported over long distances more efficiently and with greater capacity. A

Compressor is required to raise the pressure of the CO2 received from the Carbon Capture Plant

(CCP) for transportation as liquid CO2 within the pipeline. The higher the pressure at which CO2 is transferred the lower the energy required to transport large volumes and the smaller the volume of

pipe needed to transport a given quantity of CO2.

2.2.3 The pressure at which it is proposed to transfer CO2 in liquid form is up to 150 barg. The pressure at

which CO2 will be received into the pipeline from the Don Valley Project is 34 barg. Hence

compression will be needed to lift the pressure of the CO2 received to that required for long distance transport.

2.3 LOCATION OF THE COMPRESSOR

2.3.1 At the time of the RCS and the publication of the Selection of Preferred Corridor Report it was anticipated that a compressor would be located on or adjacent to the proposed DVPP site. Following the publication of these reports, more detailed studies have highlighted a number of technical, safety, environmental and planning constraints which mean that locating the compressor site within or in the immediate vicinity of the DVPP site would not be feasible. (See Section 6).

2.3.2 Prior to compression the quantity of CO2 which can be transferred through the pipeline is less than

after compression. Therefore by compressing the CO2 into a liquid a greater volume of CO2 can be transported through the pipeline. Transport of CO2 at low pressures is more energy intensive and requires larger pipework than transport at higher pressures. 2.3.3 Therefore, in order to maximise the efficiency of transport of CO2 and to save energy so far as practicable, it is preferable to locate the compressor as close to the DVPP site as practicable.

2.4 BENEFITS OF CO-LOCATING A MULTI JUNCTION WITH THE COMPRESSOR

2.4.1 It is possible that the location of the compressor could be used to support a multi-junction which would enable other emitters to connect to the main pipeline over time. Co-locating the compressor with a multi-junction would be a space efficient and sustainable solution in the longer term. 2.4.2 A multi-junction would comprise a buried manifold (section of pipe to which other pipelines would be connected) and above ground Pipeline Internal Gauge/ Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) traps to service and maintain the interconnecting pipelines.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 7 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

2.4.3 The estimated size of a combined, co-located compressor and multi-junction site would be 240m x 340m (c. 8.0ha) allowing for two compressor units and five pig trap installations. 2.4.4 If a multi-junction installation were developed as a facility without compression, and accommodated five PIG traps the estimated size of such a multi-junction site would be 200m x 300m (c. 6.0ha). [ 2.4.5 If separate emitters were each to connect at separate points along the main pipeline, each connection point would require an installation large enough to accommodate two PIG trap arrangements. The estimated size of each such installation would be c.3.6ha.

2.4.6 Where CO2 in the pipelines from any emitter is not delivered in liquid form or is delivered at a lower pressure than within the main Yorkshire and Humber CCS Pipeline, a compressor would be

required to increase the pressure of the CO2 before it is fed into the main pipeline. The DVPP

would deliver CO2 in gaseous form. It would therefore need compression. The estimated size of a compressor site for The DVPP alone would be 230m x 310m (c. 7.0ha,). 2.4.7 PIG trap installations and multi-junction sites do not require any tall structures; they typically consist of a compound enclosed by 2.8m high security fencing with above ground horizontally mounted pipework vessels approximately 10m long and 1m diameter inside. Lighting columns typically 9m high would be the tallest structures. Such compounds are typically surrounded by landscape planting or hedges to help screen the sites. 2.4.8 The main consideration is the cumulative land take required to accommodate a number of small compounds versus a single combined site. In general terms (not taking into account land required for landscape screening), the comparative land take requirements are set out in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 Landtake Requirements for Different Installation Scenarios

Component Sites Landtake Estimated total landtake required Compressor + 3 pig trap sites 7.0 ha + (3 x 3.6 ha) 17.8ha Compressor + separate multi-junction 7.0 ha + 6.0 ha 13.0ha Combined compressor & multi-junction 8.0ha

N.B. The installation sizes used are worst case estimates for illustrative purposes.

2.5 RATIONALE FOR THE AREA OF SEARCH

2.5.1 In addition to siting criteria for the compressor which is described in Section 4 consideration has been given to the potential for future pipeline connections into the Yorkshire and Humber CCS Pipeline and how the AGIs associated with those connections might be rationalised. 2.5.2 Given the restriction on siting the compressor at the DVPP site the AoS for a compressor site has been extended North from Stainforth to include the area between the M18 to the East and New Junction Canal and Sykehouses to the West and around Drax Power Station to the North. The search has also been widened to improve the scope for routeing a number of future connections into the pipeline at the same site should the compressor site include a multi-junction to facilitate future connections.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 8 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

2.5.3 Potential compressor Site Options have been identified within the AoS. This report provides a Site Options appraisal of those Site Options. The Site Options Appraisal considers: - the suitability of Site Options to accommodate a compressor site; - constraints to routeing a pipeline to and from the Site Options (based on the DVPP); - potential for routeing future pipeline connections into and from the compressor site - both by reference to the Don Valley Power and White Rose CCS projects and by reference to potential emitters to the West, South and South East; and - the suitability of Site Options to accommodate a combined compressor & multi-junction site. 2.5.4 The appraisal takes into account Environmental, Socio-economic, Technical and Safety considerations and provides a comparison of identified Site Options.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 9 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

3 Design Parameters and Installation Requirements

3.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

3.1.1 The on-shore transportation element of the project requires a new buried high pressure pipeline with a maximum nominal diameter of 900mm and approximately 85km in length. The direction of

flow of CO2 would be from South to North East in the direction of the Holderness coast. Compressor 3.1.2 A Compressor is required for the Don Valley Power (Station) Project to raise the pressure of the

CO2 sufficiently for transportation in liquid form. The design assumptions are that the in-coming CO2 would be transported from the CCP at a maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) of 34 bar gauge and of the out-going on-shore pipeline would have a MAOP of up to 150 bar gauge. 3.1.3 It is estimated that an installation compound of approximately 230m x 310m (c. 7.0ha) is required for a compressor facility. This would be surrounded by a 2.8m high security fence (weld mesh with 3 strands of barbed wire at the top). 3.1.4 The installation would include the following above ground components: – Control building containing monitoring control and telemetry equipment, workshop and domestic facilities (typical dimensions 20mx70m and 3m high); – 2 No. 7.5MW Compressor Units housed in soundproof enclosures (approximate dimensions 60m x 50m and up to 15m high); – Fan Air Coolers comprising batteries of heat exchanger matrices (in four banks each measuring 30m x 72m and 2m height) raised off the ground by about 2m;

– Vessels to remove solid contaminants and liquids before CO2 enters the compressor (up to 5.25m diameter and 15.75m high); – Filtering and metering equipment; – Two PIG traps to launch and receive used to clean, gauge and inspect the pipeline (horizontally mounted pipework vessels approximately 10m long and 1m diameter); – Isolation valves (above and below ground) with the inlet and outlet pipework connecting into the new pipeline; – Vent stack (working estimate 20m high, the diameter is still to be determined); – Electricity sub-station comprising of two transformers within a compound (estimated dimensions 24m x 40m). – On-site lighting would be required. The requirements for this are subject to future engineering consideration but are likely to consist of c.9m high floodlight columns (during normal operation these would not be illuminated at night); – Pole mounted telecommunications satellite dish; – A wind sock. 3.1.5 Typical surface treatments comprise concrete or tarmac service roads within the site. The area under the pipework would typically be surfaced with stone chippings and concrete paved walkways

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 10 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

would allow pedestrian access through stone chipped areas. A c.5m wide sterile strip covered in stone chippings would be left around the inside and outside of the security fencing. 3.1.6 Architects and landscape architects have been commissioned to prepare some preliminary visualisations to illustrate different architectural design options for the compressor using different building finishes and use of landscaping. These visualisations were available for comments at the public consultation exhibitions and on the project website.

Image 3.1 - ‘Farmstead’ Compressor Design Style Option

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 11 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Image 3.2 - ‘Contemporary’ Compressor Design Style Option

Image 3.3 - ‘Landscaped’ Compressor Design Style Option

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 12 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

3.1.7 The exact dimensions of the compound and structures would be confirmed during the Front End Engineering Design and subsequent detailed design stage, the above description is therefore illustrative. Compressor and Multi-junction 3.1.8 Alternatively an estimated installation footprint of approximately 240m x 340m (c. 8.0ha) would be required for a compressor and multi-junction. This would include the components listed above plus the ability to accommodate future pipeline connections from other emitters. 3.1.9 The installation is likely to be designed and constructed to the same principles as applied to AGIs on a typical National Grid National Transmission natural gas pipeline.

Landscape Provision 3.1.10 For the purposes of the Options Appraisal provision has been made for a 15m wide landscape planting strip (incorporating a 5m sterile strip) around the site this would result in a total footprint of 270m x 370m (c. 10.0ha) for the combined compressor site. Access 3.1.11 The public road network serving the site must be sufficient to enable a vehicle with c.12.2m (40ft) long trailer to gain access to the site. A permanent access way would be constructed from the public highway into the site. Access roads outside the site compound can be gravel / hardcore to be more in keeping with a rural setting. Should there be an existing track/road this may be upgraded, to ensure safe access to/egress from the site. 3.1.12 A temporary construction compound / works area of approximately 20ha (approximately 2.5 times the footprint) would be required adjacent to the site. This would be removed once construction of the compressor site is complete. 3.1.13 Total traffic flows per day during construction are expected to comprise a mixture of HGVs, LGVs such as cars, 4x4 and transits vans, and construction plant. It is estimated that compressor construction would generate average total traffic flows of 150 traffic movements per day over the construction period. 3.1.14 During the operational phase the compressor would not typically be manned. During normal operating conditions traffic generated would be minimal. During maintenance activities and special operating conditions there would be traffic movements by employee vehicles and deliveries to and from the site, with average total traffic flows estimated at 6 traffic movements per day.

Separation Distance 3.1.15 The proposed permanent site and associated pipeline is to be located a minimum of 175m from normally occupied buildings; this is defined as the Separation Distance. For increased population densities and sensitive developments (such as a school, place of worship or hospital) a minimum separation distance of 700m would apply. This is based on four times the Separation Distance. 3.1.16 A separation distance of 175m is also applied to transport installations including motorways, railways, canals and navigable waterways. A separation distance of 525m has been applied to existing and proposed power station sites. This is based on three times the Separation Distance

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 13 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

and assumes that the number of personnel estimated to be working on those sites is more than 100 but less than 1000 at any one time. 3.1.17 The existing industry standards have not yet been developed for application to a pipeline carrying

CO2 and associated installations. A precautionary approach has therefore been taken with the separation distances applied for this appraisal which are based on guidance in industry standards, risk assessments and information derived from an on-going research programme being undertaken by National Grid. The separation distances are very conservative and it is anticipated that they are upper limits. 3.1.18 The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) are being consulted on the results of the research programme and it is likely that as more information becomes available these separation distances would be reduced. 3.1.19 For permanent installations these separation distances would influence the location of the installation and also the layout and design of the site. In relation to pipeline routeing the separation distances would be applied however in some instances it may not be possible to maintain the required separation distance such as when crossing transportation infrastructure (e.g. roads, railways or canals) or where there is linear settlement. In these cases design measures can be applied such as using thicker pipe, protecting the pipeline within a concrete sleeve, concrete coating or with concrete slabs; or by burying the pipeline deeper. 3.1.20 These are measures that would not be practicable to apply for all areas because of the additional costs both financial, environmental (use of more concrete, bigger excavations and therefore larger working areas) and health and safety (deeper excavations, heavier loads).

3.1.21 The separation distances applied for a pipeline carrying CO2 at a lower pressure in gaseous form

prior to compression will be less than those required for a liquid CO2 pipeline. This is pertinent when considering both the feasibility of locating pumping facilities within the DVPP to facilitate transport from that site to the proposed compressor site and pipeline routeing from the DVPP to a potential compressor site. Electricity Supply 3.1.22 Compressor would require a 66kV – 132kV electricity supply sourced from the nearest substation. The details of the electricity infrastructure required for the connection would be determined by the local electricity Distribution Network Operator. Pipeline Routeing 3.1.23 The appraisal also takes into consideration the routeing of a pipeline through the AoS. Where possible and with due regard to known constraints it is anticipated that the compressor would be located in proximity to the PRC and would avoid taking unnecessarily long routes or diversions within the AoS. Pipeline routeing from the DVPP along with the feasibility of finding acceptable pipeline routes from potential emitters including the White Rose Project to the North and other emitters to the West, South and South East of the Site have also been taken into account.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 14 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

3.2 ASSUMPTIONS

3.2.1 The Options Appraisal has assumed that certain standard measures would be implemented as part of the design and construction of the proposed Compressor site. - Landscape Proposals; - Traffic Risk Assessments (for construction and operational phases); - Construction Traffic Management Plan; - Construction Environmental Management Plan (Waste Management Plan, Pollution Prevention and Control Plan, Environmental Contingency Plan, Water Management Plan), 3.2.2 The footprint allowed for the Compressor and Hub site includes for a 15m wide planting area around the site to provide screening and help integrate the site into the landscape / existing landscape features. 3.2.3 A Construction Environmental Management Plan would be prepared based on the requirements of ISO 14001 the international standard for Environmental Management Systems. This would provide the basic framework within which the construction work would be undertaken.

3.2.4 The Construction Environmental Management Plan would be supplemented by more detailed documents, procedures and method statements including a Traffic Management Plan, Waste Management Plan, Pollution Prevention and Control Plan, Environmental Contingency Plan and Water Management Plan. 3.2.5 Traffic Risk Assessments would be prepared for the access to/from the installation and a Traffic Management Plan would be prepared for the construction phase of the project. This would include measures such as the use of the pipeline working width for construction traffic as much as possible to reduce traffic on the roads (assuming compressor and pipeline construction coincides); wheel washing to reduce debris and mud on the local roads and traffic control measures where required. The Highways Authority and Police Authority would be consulted on the Traffic Management Plan and community representatives consulted, as appropriate, for example to agree timing of Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) movements through villages or past other sensitive development to minimise traffic disruption (e.g. outside school times).

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 15 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

4 Site Identification and Options Appraisal Process

4.1 INITIAL DESK BASED SITE IDENTIFICATION

4.1.1 For the on-shore transportation element of the Yorkshire and Humber CCS Project a new buried

pipeline is required for the transportation of CO2 from a CCP at a Power Station proposed as part of the DVPP at Stainforth, to a location on the Holderness coast. A Compressor is required to

compress the CO2 into a liquid form for transportation within the proposed pipeline. CO2 as a liquid can be transported more efficiently over long distances and with greater capacity. 4.1.2 For the AoS defined in Section 2.0 above, Ordnance Survey mapping and aerial photography were studied and known planning, environmental and engineering constraints identified during the RCS were mapped and taken into account. Constraints mapping for the AoS is presented in Figures 3.1 to 3.5 4.1.3 The following criteria were used to identify potential locations for a Compressor site (with potential multi-junction) within the AoS. 4.1.4 The primary criteria used for the initial identification: - Capacity to accommodate required landtake (approximately 270m x 370m (approximately10.0ha) footprint applied); - Ease of access (i.e. near to / access from a public road, connecting road network suitable for HGVs); - The avoidance, as far as possible, of centres of population and close proximity to other buildings or dwellings (separation distance of 700m and 175m applied respectively); - Inconspicuous location (where possible), taking account of possible visual effects/ screening compatibility; and - Avoidance, where possible, of identified environmental features/ designations. 4.1.5 Criteria also taken into consideration: - Proximity to the proposed DVPP site; - Pipeline routeing to and from the compressor site including: - Proximity to and alignment with the preferred pipeline route corridor; - Most viable location to accommodate routeing of a pipeline from the DVPP within the AoS; - Suitability of the location to accommodate a multi-junction site for future pipeline connections including the White Rose CCS Project, and other potential regional emitter sites (most notably from the West and the South East); - Generally level site to accommodate a possible installation/facilities required; - The avoidance, as far as possible, of difficult ground conditions (working in rock, peat or alluvium, evidence of subsidence/ mineral extraction); construction areas (side slopes, gradients); - Avoidance, where possible, of areas of potential flood risk; - Access to telecommunications and electricity supply.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 16 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

4.1.6 The Site Options identified represent potential locations at which a compressor (and multi-junction) could be located. Where possible existing field boundaries have been used to define these areas, they do not necessarily reflect the footprint for the site. 4.1.7 In the Preferred Corridor Report published in November 2011, the PRC was not defined within the ‘Preferred Areas of Interest for Block Valve Sites’ (see blue areas in Figure 1). The northern part of the AoS encompasses the Preferred Area of Interest for Block Valve Sites identified in consultation zone A. The constraints mapping for the AoS has informed the refinement of the PRC between the River Aire and Asselby within the northern AoS. The following criteria have been taken into consideration: -Start and end point; (centreline of the PRC where it enters and leaves the ‘Preferred Area of Interest for Block Valve Sites’) -Avoidance as far as possible of areas of population and close proximity to other buildings or dwellings (separation distance of 700m and 175m applied respectively); -Avoidance of major infrastructure (existing and proposed) such as power stations and wind farms (separation distance of 1.5 times tower height applied for wind turbines1); -Avoidance, where possible, of identified environmental features/ designations; -Avoidance of potentially difficult construction areas such as complex river crossings; -Availability of road access for construction; -Shortest distance bearing in mind the above.

4.2 SITE VISIT

4.2.1 The initial site identification from mapping and aerial photography was followed up with site visits to each of the locations to verify site conditions. The site visits looked specifically at site access and connecting road network, existing land use topography and ground conditions, proximity to sensitive receptors (properties, schools, archaeology, ecology etc.), screening potential and proximity of services. 4.2.2 Site visits were conducted as vantage point surveys from public roads and public rights of way. A photographic record of the sites was made during the site visit (see Photographs of Site Options in Appendix E 4.2.3 For each of the sites considered a high level description of the site and reasons for each site’s identification are presented in Section 6.0. Site specific information gathered during the initial desk study and site visit for each Site Option is presented in tables in Appendix B. 4.2.4 At this stage a number of sites were discounted based on the siting criteria, taking into account pipeline routeing considerations, road access and separation distances required for major infrastructure and transportation routes (in addition to residential dwellings and sensitive development).

1 Institute of Gas Engineers (IGE) Recommendations on Transmission and Distribution Practice IGE/TD/1 Steel Pipelines for High Pressure Gas Transmission Edition 5

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 17 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

4.3 OPTIONS APPRAISAL

4.3.1 An appraisal of the remaining Site Options was then carried out taking into account Environmental, Socio-economic, and Technical considerations to assess the viability of the Site Options and inform the consultation process. 4.3.2 The site identification and options appraisal has been an iterative process, at each stage new information has become available as the project has developed which has influenced the outcome of the appraisal. 4.3.3 The appraisal also takes into consideration the routeing of a pipeline through the AoS from the DVPP Site, to each of the Site Options and onwards to the Preferred Corridor where it leaves the AoS. It also considers the suitability of the Site Option locations for future pipeline connections. 4.3.4 For details of the methodology applied please refer to Appendix A.

4.4 LIMITATIONS

4.4.1 The Site Options Appraisal is based on information in the public domain and reflects known designations and constraints. 4.4.2 Site surveys conducted were restricted to areas of public access only. Some Site Options were not accessible for inspection at this stage. 4.4.3 It is intended that this study will be used as the basis for consultation with statutory and non- statutory consultees and local communities and that the feedback received from consultations will inform the site selection process.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 18 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

5 Area of Search - Baseline 5.0.1 The AoS extends North from Hatfield including an area between Moorends to the East and Pollington to the West until the M62. The northern part of the AoS extends North from the M62 including an area between Snaith and Barlow to the West and Goole to the East until Newsholme Park (see Figure 2). 5.0.2 There are a number of potential constraints within the AoS that restrict the routeing of a pipeline through the area and the location of a potential compressor site, as follows. These are illustrated in Figures 3.1 – 3.5. 5.0.3 The appraisal of pipeline routeing considerations presented in this section considers the Environmental, Socio-Economic, Technical and Safety constraints to pipeline routeing through the AoS and has informed the refinement of the PRC within the northern AoS (see Section 5.7).

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE

Ecology Statutory Designated Sites

5.1.1 One site of International or European ecological importance has been identified within the AoS. The River Derwent which is designated as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) until its confluence with the River Ouse at Barmby Tidal Barrage. The river supports spawning populations of River Lamprey which is a primary reason for selection of the site as a SAC. 5.1.2 The River Ouse is designated as part of the Humber Estuary SAC, Special Protection Area (SPA), Ramsar and SSSI approximately 1km downstream at Boothferry 5.1.3 There are a total of six statutorily designated sites located within the AoS. These are summarised in Table 5.1 below: Table 5.1 - Statutory Designated Sites within the Area of Search Designation Approximate location Reason for Site Name Grid Reference within Area of Search Designation SAC/SSSI River Derwent SE 705 500 To the North of the This lowland section Northern Areas of Search supports diverse close to Barmby on the communities of Marsh nationally significant aquatic flora and fauna. SSSI Went Ings Meadows SE 653 183 South of the M62 around The best example of Southfield Reservoir unimproved neutral (West of the PRC) grassland known in South Yorkshire. LNR Sugar Mill Ponds SE 694 210 East of the M18, South of Former brickworks the M62 at Rawcliffe and sugar refinery Bridge next to the Aire and Calder Navigation Canal with two smaller lakes. SSSI Eskamhorn Meadows SE 679 242 Several small parcels of A nationally important

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 19 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Designation Approximate location Reason for Site Name Grid Reference within Area of Search Designation land located within the site for species-rich central section of the neutral grassland. Northern AoS; North of Eskhamhorn. SSSI Barn Hill Meadows SE 733 285 Located adjacent to the The site is important perimeter of the Northern for its herb-rich, AoS, West of Howden. unimproved, neutral grassland. Non-Statutory Designated Sites

5.1.4 There are a total of 33 non-statutory designated nature conservation sites entirely or partially located within the AoS. Dependent upon Council/District authority these sites are termed Local Wildlife Sites (LWS) or Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC). Some of these sites present within the AoS are subject to ongoing status review with the relevant Local Authority. Many are under review, have been progressed to removal as non statutory sites, or have been proposed as Candidate sites. These sites are summarised in Table 5.2 below. Table 5.2 - Non-statutory Designated Sites with the Area of Search Designation Site Grid Reference Reason for Designation LWS Hopyard Meadow SE 663 109 Hopyard hay meadow is 1km North of Hatfield. The adjacent land use is grassland; to the West is a restored spoil heap and landfill site. The site comprises a hay meadow (unimproved neutral grassland) and surrounding species-rich hedgerow with trees. LWS Bramwith Hall SE 625 115 TBC LWS Bramwith Lock Woods SE 615 112 TBC LWS Ruskholme SE 618 116 TBC LWS West Field Ings SE 633 146 TBC LWS Went Valley (Eskholme) SE 636 179 The site comprises two areas of semi- improved neutral pasture, with three smaller areas of improved ley pasture. The site is located to the North of Eskholme, occupying low lying land on the South bank of the River Went. LWS Went Valley (Near SE 628 176 TBC Sykehouse) LWS The Haggs Not listed TBC LWS Thorne Ashfields SE 653 125 Managed for conservation in the last 5 years. Broadleaved Woodland. Mixed density of scrubland. Neutral Grassland. Species Smooth newts, Water vole, Grass snake, WL Hairstreak, True fox sedge LWS Thorne Waterside, Oxbow SE 654 130 Linear site comprising North and South and Ings flood plains for River Don. Semi Improved neutral grassland. Variable mixture of grasses and herbs. Open water that grades into swamp Species: Smooth newts, Water vole, Grass snake, WL Hairstreak, True fox sedge. LWS Thorne Railway Delves SE 685 146 ( just This linear site comprises the route of outside the an active railway line and its curtilage, boundary of the running North eastwards for 3km from AoS) the western edge of Thorne to a point North of the village of moorends. The active line was not able to be traversed,

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 20 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Designation Site Grid Reference Reason for Designation but the parallel curtilage was walked for about 90% of its length where access was permitted.

Species GCN, Smooth Newt, Common Frog, Common Toad,,Common Lizard, Grass Snake, Cuckoo, Green Woodpecker, Turtle Dove. LWS Stewards Ings Lane SE 661 149 Species rich hay meadow of neutral Meadow grassland, hedges and species poor trees. Dry ditches and shallow pond. Mixed grasses, sedges, hedges and trees LWS Cowick Road Pasture and SE 673 149 Field bordered with mixed hedgerow, Pond with grass and non grass species; True fox sedge. LWS Low Ings Lane Meadows SE 667 153 Semi-improved neutral grassland. Species poor boundary hedgerows. Ditches with common reed. LWS Geeseness Lane SE 658 152 Improved grassland recently cut for Meadows silage - species poor. Hedgerow with 6 woody species. LWS Little Fen Fields SE 648 157 Semi improved Acid Grassland and Marshy Grassland. Managed for conservation in last five years. Environmental Stewardship Scheme Exp 2015. LWS Yarmshaw Plantation SE 730 287 Broad leaved semi-natural woodland / willow carr. Nutrient-rich silty lowland woodland and wet woodland. SINC Newland Ings SE 683 234 Complex mosaic of dense and scattered willow scrub, tall ruderal vegetation and inundation communities. SINC (Ratified) Carlton Park Pond SE 649 232 TBC SINC (Ratified) Meadow South of Drax SE 678 209 Isolated hay field near River Aire, supports mixed herbs and grasses. Boundaries are hedgerows and trees - species rich. SINC (Ratified) Brock Holes SE 673 254 This site has not been surveyed as part of the North Yorkshire SINC Survey. The site was last surveyed during the Selby District Phase 1 Habitat Survey in 1988. Yorkshire Wildlife Trust Fen Carr/ SE 657 156 Semi Improved acid grassland and Reserve / LWS Little Fen Fields marsh island Candidate Sites LWS (Candidate) Barmby-on-the-Marsh SE 688 281 TBC LWS (Candidate) Went Ings SE 638 183 TBC LWS (Candidate) Southfield Reservoir SE 653 192 TBC LWS (Candidate) Oaks Wood, Phippin SE 655 202 TBC Parks LWS (Candidate) Snaith Pit SE 649 222 TBC LWS (Candidate) Asselby Island SE 722 264 TBC Deleted Sites (Under Review)

SINC (Deleted) Disused Railway Not listed TBC Embankment South of Long Drax LWS (Deleted) Asselby Disused Railway SE 710 283 Moderate Ecological value. Tall grassland with parts of marshy grassland, boundaries are scattered scrubland.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 21 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Designation Site Grid Reference Reason for Designation LWS (Deleted) Big Hole SE 677 236 TBC LWS (Deleted) West Cowick Road SE 651 210 TBC LWS (Deleted) Barmby Pond SE 695 292 TBC Note: TBC = Sites for which citations are awaited. Cultural Heritage 5.1.5 A number of designated heritage assets have been identified within the AoS, including both Scheduled Monuments and listed buildings. The Scheduled Monuments within the AoS include Drax Castle Hill (earthworks) within the village of Drax (30108, SE 6761 2602); Scurff Hall Moated Site to the East of Drax village (A22) and Drax Augustinian Priory near Drax Abbey Farm to the North East of Drax Power Station (32628, SE 668 284). Other Scheduled Monuments include Warren Hall moated site at Pincheon Green (13222, SE 6491 1720) and Manor Hill moated site South of West Cowick (26606, SE 6522 2054), as well as settlement remains at Barlow Hill, North of Barlow village (31030, SE 6437 2897). 5.1.6 There are a number of Conservation Areas within the AoS; these include: Thorne, Fishlake, Rawcliffe and Snaith. 5.1.7 A large number of the listed buildings (which are nationally designated) are located within the settlements that are scattered throughout the AoS. The main concentrations can be found in the villages of Fishlake, Thorne, East and West Cowick, Snaith, Drax, Newland, and Rawcliffe, although only two listed buildings fall within the PRC (A10 and A12) with the remaining structures falling in the remaining search area. 5.1.8 A number of undesignated heritage assets recorded on the Historic Environment Record (HER) have been identified within the PRC. These include a cluster of sites near the southern limit of the route consisting of ridge and furrow (A5), cropmark enclosures (A6 and A7), post-medieval flood defences (A8), and find spots of Roman material (A3 and A4). Ridge and furrow has also been identified near Poplars Farm (A15), while further cropmark sites have been recorded between the M62 and the settlement of Rawcliffe (A7, A14, A16, A17, A18). Additional sites near Rawcliffe include a possible barrow (A19) and a ridge and furrow cultivation (A20). 5.1.9 The final undesignated assets recorded on the HER and within the PRC consist of a Romano- British farmstead (A23) to the South East of Scurff Hall, and a cluster of assets identified to the North of the River Ouse where cropmark evidence of ditches has been recorded (A24 and A25), although no further information on these sites is available. 5.1.10 Although data for the area that falls outside of the PRC but within the AoS has not been supplied, there is the potential for further undesignated assets to exist. An initial high level review of mapping identified a moated site near Woodhouse Field (SE 6318 1287), Cowick Hall (SE 657 211), and Carlton Park (SE 650 238). 5.1.11 The area on the western side of the River Don between Fishlake and Newland is also occupied by a landscape made up of small enclosed fields rather than the larger, more recent, fields found elsewhere in the area. As a result the landscape would appear to represent a relatively significant relict of the earlier agricultural past of the area, a factor that was identified by the County Archaeologist for South Yorkshire.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 22 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Table 5.3 - Monument Record Sites (HER) within the Area of Search Reference Grid Reference Period Description Ref Number Hatfield Colliery. Opened 1921-22 848790 SE 65272 11225 Modern A1 and closed 1993. 00561/01, SE 6570 1190 Roman Roman coin, Stainforth. A2 57894 Romano-British pottery scatter, 03443/01, SE 6605 1272 Roman A3 Stainforth. 01070/01, SE 6620 1270 Roman Roman pottery scatter, Stainforth. A4 57897 Medieval and 1439627 SE 663 124 Ridge and furrow. A5 Post-Medieval Curvilinear enclosure, rectilinear Iron Age and 1067667 SE 664 127 enclosures and ditches visible as A6 Roman cropmarks. Iron Age or Conjoined rectilinear enclosures 1304475 SE 6650 2132 A7 Roman surviving as a cropmark. Ashfield bank. Post-medieval flood 04556/01 SE 6657 1286 Post-Medieval A8 bank, Stainforth. Iron Age to Iron Age/Romano-British field 04018/01 SE 6660 1270 A9 Roman system, Stainforth. Post-Medieval to Bank Side Farmhouse, Snaith & SE 66880 18715 -- Modern Cowick. Listed building Grade II Post-Medieval to Chatterton Farmhouse, Thorne. SE 66879 18303 -- Modern Listed building Grade II Turn Bridge Farm House, Snaith Post-Medieval to 6448 SE 6678 2139 Road, East Cowick. Listed A10 Modern building Grade II. Site of medieval bridge, Turn 17526 SE 668 214 Medieval A11 Bridge. Turn Bridge, Snaith Road, East 6447 SE 6681 2144 Post-Medieval A12 Cowick. Listed building Grade II. Milepost approximately 60m North 1525151 SE 66937 17767 Post-Medieval A13 of drive to Reedholme Farm. Group of small, incomplete, 1304589 SE 6723 2135 Roman rectilinear, ditch-defined enclosures A14 identified on aerial photographs. 1448974 SE 673 193 Post-Medieval Ridge and furrow. A15 Two groups of incomplete, ditch- Iron Age or 1304539 SE 6743 2143 defined enclosures identified on A16 Roman aerial photographs. Small oblong enclosure identified 1304527 SE 6771 2200 Unknown A17 on aerial photographs. Rectilinear enclosure identified in 1304499 SE 6779 2270 Roman A18 aerial photographs. Mound or barrow shown on the 2939 SE 6781 2226 Undated First Edition Ordnance Survey A19 plan. Ridge and furrow in the parish of 1304673 SE 679 228 Medieval A20 Rawcliffe. 522980 SE 687 242 Post-Medieval Brick Hill Farmhouse. A21 Pigeoncote to Manor Farm, SE 68903 24850 Post Medieval -- Newland. Listed building Grade II Scurff Hall. Scheduled 1017485 SE 68756 26348 Medieval A22 Monument. Historic SE 6908 2614 Roman Romano-British farmstead. A23 Mapping 325 SE 690 275 Undated Linear ditches, Low Field. A24 Ditches, South of Holycroft Lane, 3338 SE 695 271 Undated A25 surviving as a cropmark. 20440 SE 69500 27500 Neolithic Find spot of a Neolithic polished A26

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 23 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Reference Grid Reference Period Description Ref Number stone axe, Barmby-on-the-Marsh. Drax Castle. Scheduled 30108 SE 6761 2602 Medieval -- Monument. Drax Abbey. Scheduled 32628 SE 668 284 Medieval -- Monument. Warren Hall moated site. 13222 SE 6491 1720 Medieval -- Scheduled Monument. Manor Hill moated site. Scheduled 26606 SE 6522 2054 Medieval -- Monument. Barlow Hill settlement. Scheduled 31030 SE 6437 2897 Medieval -- Monument. Landscape 5.1.12 No landscapes designated for their national or regional landscape value have been identified within the AoS. Designations

5.1.13 No landscapes designated for their national or regional landscape value have been identified within the Compressor Station AoS. 5.1.14 There are three Conservation Areas within the Compressor Station AoS, namely Rawcliffe, Snaith and Airmyn, these are all located within the northern half of the AoS. 5.1.15 There are approximately 150 Listed Buildings, the largest concentrations of these are clustered around settlements such as at Barmby on the Marsh, Asselby, Airmyn, Carlton, Rawcliffe, Snaith, West Cowick, Fishlake, Kirk Bramwith and Stainforth. Landscape Character

5.1.16 The whole of AoS falls within the Natural England National Character Area2 (NCA) 39 “Humberhead Levels the main characteristics of this Character Area are: a flat landscape occupying the area of the former pro-glacial Lake Humber; very low lying, commonly at or below mean high water mark; broad floodplains of major navigable rivers draining to the Humber Estuary with extensive areas of washlands and some alluvial flood meadows; high quality agricultural land, intensively farmed in large open fields divided by dykes with relatively few hedgerows or field trees; essentially flat, very open character with occasional rising ground formed by ridge of sand and outcrops of Mercia Mudstone. Large installations, notably power stations, are prominent in the flat landscape. 5.1.17 The following table provides a summary of the Landscape Character Types (LCTs) and Landscape Character Areas (LCAs) identified in the Landscape Character Assessments published by the relevant Local Authorities within the AoS, and their main characteristics. These LCAs and Types are illustrated in Figure 5.4. Table 5.4 - Doncaster Landscape Character Areas and Types within the Area of Search

Landscape Character & Capacity Assessment of Doncaster Borough (March 2007)

Landscape Landscape Character Areas Main Characteristics Character Type   G Peat G2 – Thorne and Hatfield Peat Large scale, open, flat and low-lying;  Moorlands Moorlands LCA Areas of dark peat exposed on Thorne and Hatfield Moors where there has been former peat extraction along with

2 Natural England National Character Areas

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 24 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Landscape Character & Capacity Assessment of Doncaster Borough (March 2007)

Landscape Landscape Character Areas Main Characteristics Character Type regenerating heathland;

 Empty and remote feeling landscape on the Moors;  Moors surrounded by area of scrubby woodland and a block of more mature deciduous trees which restrict views from the landscape beyond;  Limited access with no roads and few public footpaths onto the Moors;  Areas beyond the Moors are mainly arable farming with turf grown as a crop in some fields and occasional pasture;  Large geometric fields in a regular grid pattern bounded by straight ditches and occasional hedges and mature trees;  Scattered farmsteads surrounded by large sheds and shelterbelt trees;  Single built up area in the North West of the LCA at Thorne and Moorends; and  Intrusive motorways, straight roads and a railway line on elevated embankments and a canal cut across the landscape beyond the Moors.   E River E2 – West Don and Dun River Flat floodplain with sand and gravel deposits associated with Carrlands Carrlands the Rivers Don and Dun Navigation;  E3 – East Don and Dun River  Medium scale mainly arable geometric fields in an irregular Carrlands pattern with pockets of pasture;  Fragmented field boundary hedges, interspersed with mature trees;  Network of water-filled drains forming geometric field boundaries;  Infrequent small deciduous woodlands, trees alongside rivers and within golf courses;  Bordered by several settlements just outside the LCA;  A diverse range of land uses including recreational uses, landfill, motorway services and strategic employment sites;  Major transport corridors including the confluence of two motorways, railways, a limited number of minor roads and River Dun Navigation;  Good access via many public rights of way; and  Former collieries and spoil heaps.   F Settled F2 – Owston to Sykehouse Flat low lying landform; Clay Settled Clay Farmlands  Geology of silts and clays underlain by Sherwood sandstone; Farmlands  Small scale arable and pasture fields including hay meadows;  Thick field boundary hedges with frequent mature hedgerow trees;  Some medium to large arable fields with fragmented hedges;  Network of water-filled drains;  Occasional small deciduous woodlands with larger and more frequent woodlands in the South West;  Compact historic settlements and many scattered farmsteads;  Historic network of lanes with sharp corners and roadside ditches;  Rail corridor cuts through the area with manned and unmanned gated crossings;

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 25 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Landscape Character & Capacity Assessment of Doncaster Borough (March 2007)

Landscape Landscape Character Areas Main Characteristics Character Type

 River Don and straight New Junction Canal with flood control embankments;  Occasional windmills and moated properties; and  Network of green lanes and public rights of way.   H Sandland H2 - Blaxton to Stainforth Flat low lying floodplain with Sherwood sandstone overlain Heaths & Sandland Heaths & Farmland by gravel and sand; Farmlands  Medium to large scale intensive arable farmland with rectangular fields and fragmented and missing hedge boundaries and frequently lined with bracken;  Scattered farms with diversifying and recreational land uses;  Network of larger drains and smaller wet ditches;  Numerous sand and gravel extraction sites including restored areas;  Occasional mixed deciduous and coniferous woodlands;  Occasional heathland and small remnants of roadside heath land vegetation including both bracken and gorse;  Small rural settlements scattered in the East, and large former mining settlements in the West; and  Major transport routes including motorway and railway.

5.1.18 The South eastern corner of the AoS between Thorne and Stainforth falls within Doncaster LCT E “River Carrlands” LCT and LCA E3 “East Don and Dun River Carrlands” and a ribbon of land to the West of Stainforth between the River Don and Stainforth and Keadby Canal is part of the E2 “West Don and Dun River Carrlands” LCA. 5.1.19 An area in the South of the AoS, to the West of Stainforth and South of the Stainforth and Keadby Canal falls within LCT H “Sandland Heaths & Farmlands” and LCA H2 “Blaxton to Stainforth Sandland Heaths & Farmland”. 5.1.20 The majority of the southern part of the AoS, to the North and West of the River Don and South of the River Went falls within LCT F “Settled Clay Farmlands” and LCA F2 “Owston to Sykehouse Settled Clay Farmlands” 5.1.21 LCT G “Peat Moorlands” includes the areas to the East of the River Don and North West of Moorend which are LCA G2 “Thorne and Hatfield Peat Moorlands”.

Table 5.5 - East Riding of Yorkshire Landscape Character Areas and Types with the Area of Search East Riding of Yorkshire Landscape Character Assessment (Nov 2005)

Landscape Landscape Character Areas Main Characteristics Character Type   Humberhead Character Area 4A: Derwent Low lying flat floodplain of the river valleys on the western Levels 4 Valley, Barmby on the Marsh to edge of the East Riding; River Pocklington Canal Reach  Combination of grassland pasture and meadow that are Corridors  Character Area 4B: River Ouse subject to seasonal flooding; Corridor, Barmby on the Marsh  Man made embankments formed as a result of dredging in to M62 Bridge the twentieth century;  Character Area 4D: River Aire  Riparian woodland and trees in the corridor;

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 26 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

East Riding of Yorkshire Landscape Character Assessment (Nov 2005)

Landscape Landscape Character Areas Main Characteristics Character Type

Corridor, Gowdall and Snaith to  Areas of species rich alluvial flood meadow habitat; the Ouse Reach  Organic arrangement of medium sized fields combined with more regular boundaries of enclosed fields;  Cultural and historic associations include churches and river crossing points;  Several moated sites within the corridor;  Windmills are a particular feature on the Ouse East of Goole;  Intimate isolated corridor landscape that is a marked contrast from surrounding intensively farmed land; and  Villages, hamlets and farmsteads line the river corridor just above the floodplain.   Humberhead Character Area 5A: Howden to Low lying flat landscape below 10m AOD; Levels 5 Bubwith Farmland  Relatively featureless intensively farmed arable landscape; Open  Large areas are in the riparian flood plain of the River Farmland Derwent;  Large scale fields with fragmented hedgerow boundaries. Boundaries lost in places;  Open character with extensive views across the flat landscape;  Few woodland blocks and relatively little tree cover contributing to extensive views that include Drax Power Station to the southwest;  Howden in the largest settlement;  Howden Minster is an important landmark; and  Small villages and Farmsteads are scattered throughout but overall settlement density is low. Many of these villages have Saxon origins.   Humberhead Character Area 8C: M62 Low lying flat agricultural landscape; Levels 8 M62 Corridor Hook to Pollington  Open views particularly from the motorway which is slightly Corridor raised above the surrounding area; Farmland  Communication infrastructure is a prominent feature i.e. motorway, roads and canal;  Settlement pattern is linear along communications corridors;  Linear tree and woodland cover associated with roads and railway lines;  Hedgerows field boundaries in varying condition;  Varied field size and field pattern along the corridor;  Varying scales of commercial development is present along the corridor;  The port of Goole is a major settlement in the East Riding located in this corridor;  Horticultural development is a feature of the corridor North East of Goole;  Railway lines and pylons are present; and  Views of land mark structures e.g. Howden Minster and Boothferry Bridge and Goole Docks.   Humberhead Character Area 9B: Goole Low lying flat intensively farmed arable landscape; Levels 9 Fields  Sparse settlement concentrated along the river corridor; Drained,  Scattered farmsteads and villages; Open  Windmill towers are visible in several villages on the South Farmland bank of the River Ouse;  Open large scale landscape with very few trees and

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 27 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

East Riding of Yorkshire Landscape Character Assessment (Nov 2005)

Landscape Landscape Character Areas Main Characteristics Character Type woodland;  Generally large fields South of the river;  Combination of fragmented hedgerow and ditch field boundaries;  Long linear field pattern unique to Goole Fields reflects past farming method; and  Extensive views across the flat open landscape.

5.1.22 The area to the North of the River Went and Dutch River lies within the East Riding of Yorkshire LCT 8 “M62 Corridor Farmland”, LCA 8C: “M62 Corridor Hook to Pollington”. 5.1.23 An area to the South of the Dutch River down to the municipal boundary with Doncaster lies within LCT 9 “Drained Open Farmland” and LCA 9B: “Goole Fields”. 5.1.24 The area to the North of the River Ouse and the South of the River Aire is LCT 4 “River Corridors” and LCAs 4B “River Ouse Corridor, Barmby on the Marsh to M62 Bridge” and 4D “River Aire Corridor, Gowdall and Snaith to the Ouse Reach”, respectively. 5.1.25 The North eastern most part of the AoS falls within LCT 5 “Open Farmland” and LCA 5A “Howden to Bubwith Farmland”.

Table 5.6 - Selby District Landscape Character Areas within the Area of Search

Landscape Assessment of Selby District (January 1999)

Landscape Main Characteristics Character Area  East Selby Predominantly flat arable farmland, medium in scale and with frequent lines of hedgerow trees and a Farmland strong pattern of enclosure;  Area of more traditional mixed farmland with small-medium scale pattern of fields, thick rich hedgerows and numerous hedgerow trees;  Unimproved pastoral scenery of the narrow river Derwent floodplain which is of high conservation value; and  Dispersed pattern of farmsteads and small nucleated villages.  Wharfe-Ouse Open heavily drained arable farmland with occasional mixed farmland; River  Important areas of wetland, diverse marshy grasslands and unimproved neutral grasslands; Corridor  High grassy flood embankments, which visually isolate the river from the surrounding landscape;  Large number of strategically sited historic villages;  Prime highway for trade and communication;  Influence of the Drax power station on the river landscape; and  Striking changes in the appearance of the river due to tidal variations.  Camblesforth Flat, semi-enclosed arable farmland with frequent lines of hedgerow trees, and patches of semi- Lowlands natural scrub;  Scattered small broadleaf and mixed woodland plantations and shelterbelts on lighter arable farmland;  Ponds and scrub woodland on the edge of Selby;  Sparse pattern of settlement; and  Influence of the visually prominent Drax power station on the local landscape.  River Aire Principal highway for trade and communication;

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 28 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Landscape Assessment of Selby District (January 1999)

Landscape Main Characteristics Character Area

Corridor  Strong influence of large scale industrial and infrastructure development, in particular power stations and the motorway on the river landscape;  Varied character combining flat open farmland and semi-enclosed arable farmland, and small areas of flat wooded farmland;  Open heavily drained arable farmland on valley floor, with high grassy flood embankments, and areas of smaller scale mixed farmland;  Strategically sited historic villages;  Historic parkland and country mansions; and  Important wetlands, diverse marshy grasslands and unimproved neutral grasslands. 5.1.26 The area to the North of the River Aire to the West of Newland and South of Carlton is within Selby District Local Landscape Area “River Aire Corridor”. 5.1.27 The area to the North of Carlton and West of Drax village encompassing Drax Power Station and Camblesforth is within LCA “Camblesforth Lowlands”. 5.1.28 The area enclosed by the River Ouse and the River Aire to the East of Drax village is within LCA “Wharfe- Ouse River Corridor”. Visual Amenity 5.1.29 Settlement within the AoS is sparse comprising scattered farms and residential properties. The main settlements are Asselby, Barlow, Barmby on the Marsh, Camblesforth, Carlton, Drax, Rawcliffe and Stainforth. Linear villages of Newland and Little Airmyn are located along the North bank of the River Aire; and Long Drax along the South bank of the River Ouse.

5.1.30 There are a number of public rights of way indicated on the Ordnance Survey (OS) mapping for the area, however for the purposes of this appraisal only potential effects on the visual amenity from routes of national or regional significance have been assessed. The Trans Pennine Trail long distance path runs South – North along the New Junction Canal in the South of the AoS and winds North through Sykehouse, Snaith and Carlton another section of the Trans Pennine Trail runs East – West along the northern flood bank of the River Ouse through the North East of the AoS. This is a national walking, cycling and horse riding route. 5.1.31 The OS mapping indicates that the New Junction Canal path is also part of National Cycle Network (NCN) Route 62 (which continues North through Sykehouse, Gowdall, Carlton) and the road through Asselby and Barmby on the Marsh is part of NCN Route 65. 5.1.32 Several other long distance footpaths pass through the AoS, including the: - Danum Trail (follows part of the New Junction Canal, then runs South East on roads and paths to the West of Fishlake before turning West long the River Don at Stainforth); - Peatlands Way (a circular route which runs West through Stainforth to Kirk Bramwith, North along the New Junction Canal to Kirk Lane Bridge and South East along roads through Fosterhouses and Fishlake to a path East along the northern bank of the River Don, and turns South to cross the M18 before turning back North through Thorne and Moorends and East through Thorne Moor); - Yorkshire Ouse Walk (along the North bank of the River Ouse);

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 29 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

- Howden 20 (a circular route part of which runs along the North of the River Ouse past Asselby Island and then turns North through Asselby to Wressle); and - Howdenshire Way (another circular route through Knedlington, Asselby and Newsholme to Brind). 5.1.33 The River Ouse and River Aire are navigable waterways however the flood banks on either side of these rivers would obscure views from the water, even at high tide. 5.1.34 Southfield Reservoir (NGR SE 653192) is used as a sailing lake and is very open. A fishing pond was identified at Brock Holes, South of Drax village during the site visit (NGR SE 674 254) surrounded by woodland scrub. No other areas of public access have been identified at this stage. Air quality 5.1.35 No Air Quality Management Areas have been identified within AoS. 5.1.36 Potentially sensitive receptor locations within the AoS may include residential properties, commercial businesses, sensitive agricultural businesses such as mushroom farms or nurseries, and designated ecological sites. Noise and Vibration 5.1.37 The main noise sensitive receptors identified within the AoS are residential properties within a number of communities including Barlow, Barmby on the Marsh, Camblesforth, Carlton, Drax, Newland, Asselby, Airmyn, Rawcliffe, Snaith, West and East Cowick, Pollington, Sykehouse, Braithwaite. Fishlake and Stainforth. Throughout the AoS there other sensitive receptors including schools, churches, nursing homes, listed and other potentially sensitive buildings and monuments. Drax has a school, church and nursing home and Barmby on the Marsh has a church. There are listed buildings in Drax village and Newland and Scurff Hall Moated Site to the East of Drax village is a Scheduled Monument 5.1.38 There are also outdoor amenity spaces and routes within the AoS including the Trans-Pennine Trail long distance path along the North bank of the River Ouse. Due to the temporary/transient nature of the associated receptors with such amenities, they are typically less sensitive than permanent residential receptors. There are a number of public rights of way indicated on the Ordnance Survey (OS) mapping for the area, however, for the purposes of this appraisal only potential effects on routes of national or regional significance have been considered. 5.1.39 The football field North East of Fishlake (NGR SE 663 137) and fishing pond at Brock Holes South of Drax village (NGR SE674254) are other public access areas identified at this stage. Soils and geology; 5.1.40 The solid geology of the AoS comprises Sandstone of the Sherwood Sandstone Group. While commonly encountered at depth below the superficial cover the Sandstone bedrock is shown outcropiing; between Camblesforth and Carlton to the South West of Drax power station; between West Cowick and East Cowick; and, in the North West of Stainforth.

5.1.41 The superficial geology in the Northern half of the AoS generally comprises Glaciolacustrine deposits consisting of Sands and Gravels, Clay and Silts in the West, and Alluvium associated with the Rivers Don, Aire and Ouse in the East. In the southern half of the AoS the majority of area

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 30 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

consists of Glaciolacustrine deposits Clay and Silts with small pockets of Sands and Gravels. Alluvium associated with the River Don is shown in the far South East of the area. 5.1.42 No sites designated for their national, regional or local geological importance have been identified within the AoS. Contaminated Land & Landfill

5.1.43 Numerous areas of potentially contaminated land are present in the AoS and are shown on Figures 2 and 3.1 - 3.5... To the South of the AoS these generally comprise of activities related to the Hatfield Main Colliery which include spoil heaps, and depots. A railway line also crosses the AoS to the South of Hatfield Main Colliery. Between Hatfield Colliery and Rawcliffe potential areas of contaminated land have been identified as a chemical works and industrial estate to the West of Thorne and Rawcliffe Bridge and a gas works to the North of Snaith. Other areas of potentially contaminated land between Hatfield Colliery and Rawcliffe consist of farm buildings, smithy’s, brickworks and made ground associated with barrier banks. A disused railway has been identified to the North of Rawcliffe running East - West. To the North of the AoS potential contaminative land uses consist of land uses associated with Drax Power station including landfills, spoil heaps, tanks, works buildings and railway sidings. Sewage works and farms have also been identified to the North of the AoS. An active railway has been identified running into Drax power station from the South West and two disused railways have been identified one to the South East of Drax power station running North West – South East and the second to the East of Drax power station running North East – South West. 5.1.44 Several historic and current landfill sites have been identified within the AoS and are shown on Figures 2. and 3.1 - 3.5, the largest of which are situated to the North of Hatfield Main Colliery and areas to the North, South and West of Drax power station. Smaller historic/current landfill sites are present generally located around the towns and villages in the AoS including Stainforth, Thorne, Pollington, West Cowick, Gowdall, Goole and Bamby on the Marsh. 5.1.45 Several small areas of potentially in-filled land which now contain water have been identified. These appear to relate to farms such as at Brock Holes and North Airmyn Grange; or are within villages such as those in and around Drax village, Rawcliffe, West Cowick and Fosterhouses.

5.1.46 The majority of the AoS is identified to be in an area affected by coal mining, with the exception of a zone running South West to North East with Snaith to Airmyn on the southern boundary of the zone and Long Drax and Asselby on the northern boundary. An area including Hatfield, Stainforth, Fishlake, Thorne and Moorends is identified as having mining instability. 5.1.47 In the South of the AoS, several BGS recorded minerals sites are identified between Stainforth and Hatfield; one to the West of Fishlake; one West of Moorends; and a group around East Cowick, West Cowick and Snaith. The area to the North and East of Stainforth has extensive underground workings associated with the Hatfield colliery. According to Coal Authority data, those to the East are older workings dating from 1970 -1990 while workings to the North dating from 1970 to 2010, extend North West as far as the New Junction Canal and are 400-600m below ground level (AD). To the East of the M18 there are underground workings associated with the Thorne Colliery. These workings date from 1930 to 1970.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 31 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

5.1.48 In the North of the AoS one BGS recorded mineral site is identified at Drax Power Station. No other active or dormant minerals sites have been identified within the North of the AoS around Drax. Mineral Allocations

5.1.49 East Riding of Yorkshire Council (ERYC) is leading on production of the “East Riding of Yorkshire Council & Hull City Council Joint Minerals Development Plan Document (DPD)” with Hull City Council. It is expected the Joint Minerals DPD would be adopted in Autumn 2013. - There is one silica sand allocation located within the AoS just North of Knedlington and West of Howden (47293, 42881). - There are 46 Sand and Gravel allocations within the AoS. The largest of those stretches from Barnby on the Marsh to South of Asselby and Knedlington. There are also a number of Sand and Gravel allocations in the area around Rawcliffe and Rawcliffe Bridge; a narrow swathe along the A614 between the River Aire and North Airmyn Grange; small areas North and South of West Cowick; South West of Snaith and North of Pollington. - There are small areas identified as Brick Clay allocations located to the North and East of Drax; a swathe to the South and East of Carlton and to the South of Pollington. 5.1.50 These allocations are identified as Mineral Safeguarding Areas on Figure 6.

Water Water Quality

5.1.51 A number of surface water bodies are present within the AoS, including Main Rivers (as defined by the Environment Agency (EA)), Ordinary Watercourses, canals and ponds. Of the numerous surface water features only some are monitored and designated under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) which replaced the River Ecosystem (RE) classification and General Quality Assessment (GQA) water quality monitoring programmes in 2009. Table 5.7 - WFD designated watercourses and canals3 identified within the AoS Main River/ Description Surface Water Ordinary Feature Watercourse

Main River River Don flows North East and then in a northerly direction within the AoS before bending East, South of the M62 (at approximately SE 666 River Don 201), where it flows parallel to Aire and Calder Navigation canal. River Don (Dutch River) ultimately discharges into River Ouse South of Goole, outside the AoS.

Ordinary Blackshaw Dyke flows West – East across the AoS before joining River Blackshaw Dyke Watercourse Don at approximately SE 672 157 West of the A614.

N/A Stainforth and Keadby Canal flows West – East aross the AoS to the Stainforth and North of Stainforth and through Thorne. This canal joins River Trent Keadby Canal West of Scunthorpe outside the AoS.

Main River River Went flows West – East, to the South of the Aire and Calder River Went Navigation, across fields and discharges into River Don within the AoS at approximately SE 667 188.

Aire and Calder N/A Aire and Calder Navigation (canal) extends West to East between

3 For the purpose of this study, WFD designated watercourses/canals are defined as those that are currently designated under the WFD and their WFD classification is presented in the Humber River Basin Management Plan (RBMP).

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 32 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Main River/ Description Surface Water Ordinary Feature Watercourse

Navigation Knottingley and Goole and crosses the A614 within the AoS.

N/A New Junction Canal runs South West to North through the southern AoS connecting the Stainforth & Keadby Canal/ River Dun Navigation New Junction Canal near Kirk Bramwith to the Aire & Calder Navigation near Southfield Reservoir at approximately SE 652 187

Ordinary Carr Drain flows West to East to the South of the M62 and joins River Carr Drain Watercourse Don at the bend at approximately SE 666 201, within the AoS.

Main River River Aire enters the AoS between Carlton and Snaith in the West and River Aire meanders North East to join the River Ouse within the AoS to the North- West of Goole.

Ordinary This watercourse flows North within the AoS, between Drax and Willow Row Drain Watercourse Newland, before discharging into River Ouse at approximately SE 688 270.

Main River River Ouse flows North West to South East through the North East River Ouse corner of the AoS to tits confluence with the River Aire, North West of Goole.

Main River River Derwent (Main River), flows South West discharging into River River Derwent Ouse at approximately SE 680 285, near Barmby on the Marsh.

Table 5.8 - Summary of the WFD Classification for Designated Surface Water Bodies within the AoS. Watercourse Hydro - Current Current Predicted 2015 Protected morphological Ecological Chemical ecological areas Status Potential Quality potential

River Don Moderate Moderate Potential (Good by Fish Don from Mill Dyke Potential 2027) (Consolidated) to River Ouse Artificial (due to (moderate Directive (FCD) Good Status Disproportionately Watercourse Watercourse GB104027064243 Land Drainage) phytobenthos, poor expensive, Nitrates Catchment: Don phosphate) Technically Directive (ND) and Rother unfeasible

Blackshaw Dyke Moderate and River Went Heavily Modified Moderate Potential (Good by Went from Blowell Waterbody Potential 2027) Drain to the River (HMWB) (due to FCD

Watercourse Watercourse Assessment Disproportionately Flood protection, (moderate Don not required expensive, Urbanisation, invertebrates, ND Technically GB104027064260 Water Storage- poor phosphate) unfeasible Catchment: Don non-specific) and Rother Stainforth and Moderate Moderate Keadby Canal Potential Canal Canal Artificial (due to Potential (Good by Good Status ND Sheffield & South Navigation) (poor 2027) Yorkshire phosphate) Disproportionately Navigation [New

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 33 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Watercourse Hydro - Current Current Predicted 2015 Protected morphological Ecological Chemical ecological areas Status Potential Quality potential

Junction and expensive Stainforth & Keadby Canals] GB70410281 River Don, Aire and Calder Navigation from Moderate SE 666 201 and Moderate Potential (Good by

Watercourse Watercourse Carr Drain Potential 2027) Artificial (due to (moderate FCD Don from Mill Dyke Good Status Disproportionately Land Drainage) phytobenthos, ND to River Ouse poor expensive, Technically GB104027064243 phosphate,) unfeasible Catchment: Don and Rother Blackshaw Dyke, River Went and Aire and Calder Moderate Navigation to SE Moderate Potential (Good by

Watercourse Watercourse 666 201 HMWB (due to Potential 2027) Flood protection, Assessment Disproportionately FCD Went from Blowell Urbanisation, (moderate not required expensive, Drain to the River Water Storage- invertebrates, ND Technically Don non-specific) poor phosphate) unfeasible GB104027064260

Catchment: Don and Rother

Moderate Potential River Aire (bad Moderate Aire from River HMWB (due to invertebrates, Potential (Good by Watercourse Watercourse Calder to River Flood protection, poor 2027) FCD Ouse Navigation, phosphate, Fail Disproportionately Urbanisation, moderate ND GB104027062760 expensive, Wider cypermethrin, Technically Catchment: Aire Environment) moderate unfeasible and Calder diazinon, moderate ammonia) River Ouse and Willow Row Drain FCD Moderate River Ouse from Moderate Natura 2000 Potential (Good by River Wharfe to Potential (Habitats Watercourse Watercourse 2027) Trent Falls Not designated Fail and/or Birds (due to Disproportionately Directive) (HD GB204027064270 phosphates) expensive and/or BD) Catchment: ND Derwent (Humber)

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 34 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Watercourse Hydro - Current Current Predicted 2015 Protected morphological Ecological Chemical ecological areas Status Potential Quality potential

River Derwent

River Derwent from Moderate Elvington Beck to HMWB (due to Moderate Potential (Good by FCD River Ouse Drinking Water Potential 2027)

Watercourse Watercourse Fail HD and/or BD and Flood GB104027068311 Protection) (due to fish) Technically ND unfeasible Catchment: Derwent (Humber)

Source: Humber River Basin Management Plan (EA website March 2012) Note: in bold the river name taken from OS maps. Otherwise, the name presented in this table refers to the WFD classification

5.1.52 According to the EA website, historic river quality data (2009) for the River Ouse upstream and downstream indicates that the Chemistry is Grade C (where A is very good and F is bad) and Nitrate levels are 3 and Phosphates 4 (where 1 is very low and 6 very high levels). River quality data for the River Aire downstream indicates that the Chemistry is Grade C, Nitrate levels 4 and Phosphate 5. 5.1.53 The AoS is characterised by a network of small watercourses, drains and ponds. No water quality information is available for these surface water features. Groundwater

5.1.54 The Sandstone bedrock across the AoS is classified as a Principal Aquifer. The superficial deposits are classified as Secondary A Aquifers associated with Alluvium and Glaciolacustrine Sand and Gravels, and Unproductive Strata associated with the Glaciolacustrine Clay and Silts. 5.1.55 According to the River Basin Management Plan the current and predicted groundwater chemical quality for the Wharfe & Lower Ouse Sherwood Sandstone and Aire & Don Sherwood Sandstone waterbodies, underlying the North and South of the AoS respectively, is Poor. However, the quantitative quality is assessed as Good. 5.1.56 The South East of the AoS is within a Source Protection Zone (SPZ). The far South East, to the East of Junction 5 of the M18 is within the Outer SPZ II and the Total Catchment Zone III extends between Junction 6 on the M18 and Stainforth. 5.1.57 The majority of the northern section of the AoS is within SPZ III (Total Catchment). There are four SPZs within the AoS with smaller Inner (Zone I) and Outer (Zone II) SPZs centred; to the West of Carlton; to the East of Carlton on Mill Lane (Carlton Mill Lane Pumping Station Water Treatment Works); 1.5km to the East of Carlton at Goose House Borehole Pumping Station on Wheels Lane; and, 1km to the West of East Cowick adjacent to the A1041. 5.1.58 SPZs are presented in Figure 7. Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs)

5.1.59 The EU Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) (1991) is focussed on source-based control to reduce nitrate pollution from agricultural sources, in order to safeguard drinking water and to protect fresh and marine waters from eutrophication. The Directive designates where the limit of 50 mg/l nitrate in

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 35 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

surface or groundwater is in danger of being exceeded. Use of nitrates is restricted within these zones. 5.1.60 The majority of the AoS lies within a Nitrate Vulnerability Zone (NVZ) and the use of nitrate is restricted in these areas. Flood Risk

Tidal Sources, Watercourses, Flood Defences and EA Flood Zones

5.1.61 The AoS crosses a number of watercourses, both Main Rivers and Ordinary Watercourses (including land drains), and their associated EA flood zones (see Figure 7). 5.1.62 The majority of the AoS is within EA Flood Zone 3 (high risk), associated with the River Don, Blackshaw Dyke, River Went, Carr Drain, River Aire, Willow Row Drain, River Ouse and other surrounding small watercourses and drains. There is an extensive area of Flood Zone 1 (Low Risk) to the West of the New Junction Canal to the North of Kirkhouse Green and South of and including Sykehouse. Other small areas of Flood Zone 1 include areas of Fishlake, Fosterhouses, West of Thorne, South of Pincheon Green, areas of Snaith, West Cowick and East Cowick, Carlton, Barlow, Drax Power Station and part of Barmby on the Marsh. There are formal flood defences around the River Don, around the River Aire and around the River Ouse. The area between the flood banks of the River Ouse is identified as a historical flooding area. Pluvial Flooding

5.1.63 No information has been reviewed on existing overland flows and areas of surface water flooding. There is a potential for the AoS to correspond with areas of known or unknown pluvial flooding. Reservoirs

5.1.64 From review of OS maps and the EA online reservoir flooding maps, significant artificial waterbodies in close proximity to the AoS or with the potential to affect the AoS have been identified. 5.1.65 The River Don near Fishlake within the AoS is shown by the EA maps to be a potential flow path for reservoir flooding in the event of a breach of the Thorpe Marsh Reservoir (EA), Damflask Reservoir (Yorkshire Water) or Sprotborough B (washland) Reservoir (EA). 5.1.66 An extensive area of the AoS is shown to be at risk of flooding in the event of a breach of the Brotherton Little Marsh to Birkin Holme Washland Reservoir (EA). 5.1.67 An area of the AoS to the South of the River Went is shown to be at risk of flooding in the event of a breach of the Brotherton Little Marsh to Birkin Holme Washland Reservoir (EA) or Southfield Reservoir (British Waterways). 5.1.68 An extensive area of the AoS between the Aire and Calder Navigation and the River Aire is shown to be at risk of flooding in the event of a breach of the Kellington East to Snaith Ings Washland Reservoir (EA). 5.1.69 The area of the AoS to the North of the River Aire is shown to be at risk of flooding in the event of a breach of the Kellington East to Snaith Ings Washland Reservoir (EA) or Rawcliffe Ings Washland Reservoir (EA).

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 36 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

5.1.70 The River Ouse within the AoS is shown by the EA maps to be a potential flow path for reservoir flooding in the event of a breach of the Kellington East to Snaith Ings Washland Reservoir (EA), Barmby Raw Water Reservoir (Yorkshire Water), Thruscross Reservoir (Yorkshire Water) or Cawood Ings Wistow Lordship Reservoir (EA). 5.1.71 A section of the AoS to the North of the River Ouse is shown to be at risk of flooding in the event of a breach of the Barmby Raw Water Reservoir (Yorkshire Water).

5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SITING AND ROUTEING CONSIDERATIONS

5.2.1 A pipeline route through the AoS would need to avoid a number of ecological sites. In the South of the AoS LWSs along the River Don and Stainforth and Keadby Canal (Thorne Waterside, Oxbow and Ings (NGR SE 654 130) in conjunction with Thorne Ashfields (SE 653 125)) would be unavoidable within the PRC. 5.2.2 Statutory sites include Went Ings Meadows SSSI near Southfield Reservoir (SE 653 183) and a number of fields which make up the Eskamhorn Meadows SSSI (SE 679 242) between the River Aire and A645. Non-statutory wildlife sites which are likely to present the greatest constraint to pipeline routeing within the AoS include a group of sites to the North of Fishlake (including Stewards Ings Lane Meadow SE 661 149, Cowick Road Pasture and Pond SE 673 149, Low Ings Lane Meadows SE 667 153, Geeseness Lane Meadows SE 658 152 and Little Fen Fields SE 648 157); a group of candidate LWS sites near Southfield Reservoir (including Soutfield Reservoir SE 653 192, Went Ings SE 638 183 and Oaks Wood, Phippin Parks SE655 202); land enclosed by a meander of the River Aire, North of Rawcliffe (Newland Ings SE 683 234) in conjunction with Eskamhorn Meadows SSSI and Brockholes SINC South of Drax village (SE 673 254). Sections of disused railway South of Long Drax and West of Asselby are now deleted as non-statutory sites. These are all avoidable with careful routeing. 5.2.3 There are concentrations of undesignated (HER) monument record sites identified around Fishlake; around Snaith, West Cowick and East Cowick; within Rawcliffe; and within Carlton and Carlton Park; and within Barnby on the Marsh and Asselby. These features are all avoidable with careful routeing or with regard to field systems to the East of Fishlake could be recorded and boundary features reinstated after construction. 5.2.4 The scheduled monument at Scurff Hall near Drax, although avoidable, presents a constraint to pipeline routeing at a point which is already tight for routeing between Drax Village and Rusholme Windfarm (see below). 5.2.5 A number of small sites of potentially contaminated or in-filled land have been identified within the AoS from Ordnance Survey mapping these appear to relate to in-filled ponds or lagoons, some filled with water. They include sites to the South of Fishlake; South of Snaith and East of West Cowick; North of the River Aire near Rawcliffe; Brock Holes Pond and extensive area around Drax Power Station. Historic landfill has been identified adjacent to the M62 near West Cowick and near Barmby-on-the-Marsh. These features are all avoidable with careful routeing. 5.2.6 Any pipeline route would seek to avoid or, if unavoidable, minimise the length of pipeline through areas of mining instability or known underground mine workings. The area of mining instability

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 37 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

including Stainforth and Fishlake would not be avoidable but routeing should seek to minimise the length of pipeline route within this area. The extent of the underground mine workings to the North of Stainforth and North West of Fishlake would also be a severe constraint to pipeline routeing through this area. 5.2.7 In the southern AoS, the River Don and Stainforth & Keadby Canal are unavoidable constraints which would have to be crossed by any pipeline route North of Stainforth. The optimum crossing point would be where the two watercourses flow close together. In the central part of the AoS the River Went would have to be crossed to avoid crossing the River Don (twice) and the Aire & Calder Navigation would have to be crossed by any pipeline route alignment. In the northern AoS the River Aire and River Ouse are unavoidable constraints which would have to be crossed by any pipeline alignment through this area. All these watercourses are main rivers or canals with extensive flood banks on both banks which would require major trenchless crossings. All are navigable waterways. In addition downstream of the confluence of the River Ouse and River Aire at Boothferry (approximately 1.5km downstream on the boundary of the AoS) the River Ouse is designated as a SAC, Ramsar and SSSI. Consultation with relevant authorities including the EA, Natural England, British Waterways and the relevant Internal Drainage Boards would be conducted to discuss crossing methods and permits and licences required. The area is characterised by numerous deep drainage ditches. 5.2.8 Most of AoS falls within Flood Zone 3 and the northern AoS is within SPZ III (Total Catchment Area). Standard water management and pollution control measures would be applied during pipeline construction in these areas. The SPZs I and II associated with the Yorkshire Water Goose House Borehole Pumping Station on Wheels Lane East of Carlton and adjacent to the A1041 near East Cowick would be avoidable constraints with careful pipeline routeing.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 38 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

5.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE

Economic Activity 5.3.1 The economic structure of the Doncaster area has traditionally been dominated by a few major employers in manufacturing and coal mining however the closure of many of the collieries in the 1980’s lead to high unemployment. Doncaster Council have therefore sought to encourage business investment and attract industrial and commercial development into the area to encourage economic re-generation, taking advantage of its excellent location in relation to strategic transportation networks. 5.3.2 Hatfield Main Colliery is a main employer in the Stainforth area. The colliery re-opened in 2006 after a period out of production; following the development of a new working face in the “Barnsley” coal seam. Coal from the site is predominantly used for electricity generation at local power stations, but is also suitable for industrial and domestic markets. 5.3.3 The DVPP plans to construct a 900MW natural gas combined cycle (CCGT) and coal integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) electricity generating plant incorporating a CCP on part of the Hatfield Colliery site which would use coal from the Hatfield Colliery. The site already has consent to construct and operate a 430MW gas (CCGT) and coal (IGCC) generating plant (see Major Applications below). 5.3.4 Planning consent has also been given for the Hatfield Power Park which incorporated proposals for the 430MW power plant, employment uses, colliery development and spoil disposal. 5.3.5 Thorne Colliery at Moorends ceased operation in 1957. Other employers in the area include the headquarters of Dixons Motors (600 employed) and BMW's main UK distribution centre (200 employed) both near M18 Junction 6.

5.3.6 The central and northern parts of the AoS are predominantly agricultural with employment concentrated in local villages and towns in the form of shops and local services. 5.3.7 Drax Power Station is an important employer within the northern part of the AoS. The Selby District has a major interest in energy from fossil fuels with deep mine coal production and coal fired electricity generation constituting a significant source of direct employment and support a wide range of ancillary economic activity. The Council is supportive of ancillary industrial development at Drax (Policy EMP10). 5.3.8 Rusholme Wind Farm owned by EDF Energy occupies an area just to the South of the River Ouse and West of its confluence with River Aire. The 12 turbines have been operational since October 2010. Agricultural Land Classification

5.3.9 The majority of the land within the AoS is low lying agricultural farmland. There are also small woodland areas scattered across the area. 5.3.10 Over 70% of Yorkshire and Humber region is in agricultural use, varying from upland sheep grazing, through arable cultivation to lowland wet grassland and flood plain grazing marsh. Approximately

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 39 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

10% of the region is covered by excellent or very good quality agricultural land and 37% by good or moderate quality agricultural land. 5.3.11 The Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food Agricultural (MAFF) (now Defra) developed a method for classifying agricultural land by grade according to the degree to which its physical or chemical characteristics impose long-term limitations on agricultural land use. The MAFF Agricultural Land Classification (ALC) system classifies land into five grades, numbered 1 excellent quality to 5 very poor quality. 5.3.12 BMV agricultural land has been assessed as Grades 1 and 2. Land in these grades is the most flexible, productive and efficient in response to inputs, and should be protected as a natural resource for future generations. 5.3.13 The following grades of land are found within the AoS. - Areas of Grade 1 land are found towards the North of the AoS. - Areas of Grade 2 land are concentrated towards the North and middle of the AoS. - Areas of Grade 3 land are found throughout the AoS. - Areas of Grade 4 land are found towards the South of the AoS. - Area of Grade 5 land – There are no areas of Grade 5 land within the AoS. - Non agricultural – An area classified as Non agricultural at Drax Power Station. - Urban – An area classified as Urban to the far East of the AoS (Goole). Major Planning Applications

5.3.14 The following major planning applications are located within the AoS: - North Yorkshire County Council (NYCC) received an application (NY/2011/0491/ENV) from Lytag Ltd for the development of a lightweight aggregate manufacturing plant and ancillary development at Drax Power Station. The application was received on 16 December 2011 and the target decision date was 6 April 2012, which has now passed. To date, no decision has been made. - Ouse Renewable Energy Plant, North of Drax Power Station - Application (2009/0694/GOV) was received by Selby District Council in July 2009 which proposed to develop a 290 MW biomass fuelled electricity generating station at Drax Power Station. Part of the planning application area falls within the AoS. Planning permission was granted in August 2011. (Source: Selby District Council Planning Access website) - Selby District Council also received an application (2011/0801/FUL) at Drax Power Station for the development of biomass rail receipt, handling and storage facility within current external storage and handling of coal area. This application was permitted. - Land North and East of Guardian Glass Capitol Park, Rawcliffe Road, Goole (08/01710/STOUTE) Application to ERYC received in March 2008 for outline planning permission for a mixed use development to include employment development a hotel and car showrooms. The application is pending decision. Located South of Junction 36 of the M62. - The Stainforth Marina development (10/00398/OUTA) was granted outline planning permission by Doncaster Council in February 2010 for construction of a 13ha mixed-use development including a 500 berth marina, access, car parking and ancillary marina facilities, the provision of nature conservation areas, water features and public open space. Located to the North of Stainforth adjacent to the Stainforth & Keadby Canal.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 40 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

- Bootham Lane Landfill Restoration, Dunscroft (09/02573/WCC) – Application to Doncaster Council to vary the approved restoration of the existing landfill site, East of Stainforth. The application is pending decision. - Hatfield Power Park Phase 1 (02/1402/FULA) – Applications to Doncaster Council for 40 acres of development at Hatfield Colliery site and adjacent land. Permission extended (06/00641/WCC). - Hatfield Power Park Phase 2 (04/4512/P) – Application to Doncaster Council for another 40 acres of development at Hatfield Colliery site including road links to the M18 Junction 5 and land adjacent to the motorway service area. - Hatfield Colliery (08/03458/MIN) – Application to Doncaster Council for 74m high replacement winding tower and demolition of No.1 shaft. - Hatfield Colliery Spoil Storage (08/02453/MIN) – Application to Doncaster Council for temporary colliery spoil storage and tip remediation at Hatfield Main Colliery. The application is pending consideration. - Hatfield Colliery Temporary colliery soil storage (11/01246/SCRE) – Application to Doncaster Council to request a screening opinion for the tipping of colliery soil for a temporary period. - Hatfield Colliery 900 MW generating plant (08/01033/CON) – Application to Doncaster Council for consultation on an application for an extension to previous 430MW consent, to construct and operate a 900MW gas (CCGT) and coal integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) generating plant. The application was part refused and part granted. (Section 36 permission ref 01.08.01.04/102C). - 400 kV overhead line (08/02465/CON) - Application to Doncaster Council for consultation on an application for a single circuit 400KV overhead line from Hatfield Power Plant to Thorpe Marsh Substation. The application is pending decision. - Land off the Crescent Station Road, Dunscroft (10/01078/4FULM) - Application to Doncaster Council in April 2010 for the erection of 10 affordable houses and car parking. The application was granted. - Household Waste Recycling Centre, Bootham Lane, Dunscroft (09/01282/TIP) – Application to Doncaster Council in May 2009 for the extension and refurbishment of household waste recycling centre. The application was granted. - Land at Former Waverley Club Station Road, Stainforth (09/01989/FULM) - Application to Doncaster Council for the erection of 39 dwellings. Planning permission was granted. - Bootham Lane Landfill Site, Dunscroft (09/00820/TIP - Application to Doncaster Council for a leachate lagoon at Bootham Lane Landfill. The application was granted. Green Belt

5.3.15 A small area of Green Belt encroaches into the AoS to the North West of Sykehouse. This is identified from the Selby District Local Plan (February 2005). Within the Green Belt development is restricted to those types identified under Policy GB2 of the Local Plan. Employment Allocations

5.3.16 Two employment allocations are located at Stainforth, two located at Thorne and five employment allocations located within the AoS at Goole. There is a further employment allocation located at Snaith.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 41 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Potential Allocations

5.3.17 There is one Potential Allocation (GOO26) located at Goole. The GOO26 Potential Allocation is for Employment, Renewable Energy & Waste on 126ha of land South West of Goole. Tourism

5.3.18 No major tourist attractions have been identified within the AoS. 5.3.19 The canals within the AoS are a potential resource for canal boating these include the Stainforth & Keadby Canal, New Junction Canal, Aire & Calder Navigation. 5.3.20 Fishlake has B&B / self catering accommodation and a caravan and camping site. 5.3.21 Carlton Towers to the East of Carlton is a private country house with accommodation and hosts events including outdoor activities such as game shooting throughout the Carlton Towers estate which includes the area to the East of Carlton and South of the A645. Recreation

5.3.22 Recreation facilities in the South of the AoS include Doncaster Greyhound Stadium in Stainforth, coarse fishing on the Stainforth & Keadby Canal, Thorne Golf Club, Thorne Leisure Centre, Toll Bar Leisure Park in Thorne, Memorial Park Thorne, Coulman Street Playing fields and rugby grounds and Wike Gate Road recreation playing fields in Thorne. A field off Sour Lane to the North East of Fishlake is used by the local junior football club Fishlake Falcons (NGR SE 663 137) and Fishlake also has a cricket and bowling club. 5.3.23 Southfield Reservoir (SE 653192) is used as a sailing lake and Brock Holes, South of Drax village (NGR SE 674 254) is used as a fishing pond. 5.3.24 Recreational facilities in the North of the AoS include Drax Golf Club. There are also recreation parks and playing fields within the villages of Camblesforth, Barlow 5.3.25 As noted under Visual Amenity recreational facilities include the local footpath network, the Trans- pennine Trail long distance path along New Junction Canal and the River Ouse and several local long distance trails. 5.3.26 National Cycle Network Route 62 runs along the New Junction Canal and through Sykehouse and Carlton and NCN Route 65 runs along the road through Asselby and Barmby on the Marsh.

People and Communities 5.3.27 The main areas of population within the southern part of the AoS are Stainforth (pop. 6342) and Thorne (pop. 16,592), with the rural settlements of Fishlake & Fosterhouses (pop 628), Sykehouse (pop. 438). (2001 Census4 Parish population figures quoted) 5.3.28 Stainforth has two churches, three primary schools, Doncaster College (Stainforth Site), Upstage School of Theatre Dance, a Youth Club, doctors’ surgery, police station and a number of shops and services and a railway station. 5.3.29 Thorne has two churches, three primary schools and Trinity Academy (serving both Thorne and Moorends), a pre-school nursery, Youth Centre, four recreation parks and a Leisure Centre, St Nicholas Church Hall, an Old Peoples Welfare Centre, a library, health centre, doctor’s surgery and

4 Neighbourhood Statistics 2001 Census Office for National Statistics.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 42 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

police station as well as shops including a post office, two supermarkets, three pharmacies and local services and two railway stations. 5.3.30 The rural village of Fishlake to the North of the River Don has a church, village hall, public house, and businesses including a butcher, hair dresser, chiropodist and plant nursery. Sykehouse has a church and village hall. 5.3.31 North of the M62 the main settlements are the town of Snaith with West Cowick and East Cowick (parish population 3028); Rawcliffe and the hamlet of Rawcliffe Bridge (pop. 2087); Carlton (pop.1829) and Camblesforth (pop. 1526). 5.3.32 Snaith has a growing population and is served by a church, Methodist chapel, primary school, secondary school, a library, post office, five public houses, doctor’s surgery, pharmacy, opticians and a variety of shops, services and food outlets and a railway station. In addition East Cowick has a church and nursery and West Cowick has a chapel. 5.3.33 Rawcliffe has a church, gospel hall, primary school, village hall, two public houses, a doctors surgery, a post office, a number of shops, services and food outlets and a railway station. 5.3.34 Carlton, has three churches, village hall, doctors’ surgery, primary and secondary schools, three public houses and several shops and food outlet. Camblesforth has a Methodist chapel, primary school, nursery school and two public houses. 5.3.35 Further North and East are the villages of Drax (pop. 382), Barlow (pop. ), Barmby-on-the-Marsh (pop. 345) and Asselby (pop.299), with the smaller villages of Newland and Little Airmyn, along the North bank of the River Aire; and Long Drax along the South bank of the River Ouse. 5.3.36 Drax village has two schools (The Read School and a community primary school), a nursing home, church and public house. The village of Barlow has a small Chapel of Ease, a village hall/ community centre and two playing fields including a full size football pitch, 5 aside pitch and play equipment. Barmby-on-the-Marsh has a church and public house and Asselby a public house. Housing Allocations

5.3.37 There are four housing allocations located at Stainforth and two housing allocation sites located North West of Thorne. There are a further three housing allocation sites located at Goole and one located South West of Snaith. There are 12 housing allocation sites located at Rawcliffe within the AoS. 5.3.38 A small housing allocation has been identified within Newland, Selby District Local Plan Policy H7 allows sensitive infilling on previously developed land. Under Policy H2 two areas of land are also allocated for housing within Carlton; these would have capacity for up to 100 dwellings. All these allocations are within the existing settlement boundary.

Traffic and Transport Road Network

5.3.39 The M18 motorway runs South – North along the eastern boundary of the AoS until it meets the M62. There are two junctions within the AoS, the M180 connects from the East at Junction 5 to the East of Stainforth (Doncaster North Motorway Service Area is also located at this junction); and Junction 6 connects to the A614(T) to the West of Thorne. The M62 crosses the central AoS between Goole and Pollington. Junction 36, with Goole Motorway Services, connects to the A614

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 43 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

to the West of Goole and the M18 connects from the South at Junction 35, to the South of Rawcliffe. 5.3.40 The only A road through the southern AoS is the A614(T) which runs from Junction 1 of the M180, just outside the AoS, North through Thorne to Rawcliffe and on through Goole to Howden. As noted above the A614 connects to the motorway system at Thorne and Goole. 5.3.41 Within the northern AoS the A1041(T) runs West from the A614 at East Cowick through Snaith (where there is a weight restriction of 7.5T) and North through Carlton and Camblesforth. The A1041(T) connects to the A19(T) around Selby to the North West of the AoS. 5.3.42 The A645 runs West to East from the A1041(T) to the South of Camblesforth via a roundabout at Drax Power Station to the A614(T) to the North East of Rawcliffe which connects East to Junction 36 of the M62. The A645 is an important link road allowing access to the area around Drax Power Station by avoiding the villages along the A614(T) and A1041(T) to the South. 5.3.43 The rest of the road network with the AoS consists of minor roads. In the southern AoS road access to the area West of the A614(T) is restricted by the limited number of crossing points over the Stainforth & Keadby Canal and the River Don to the South and East, New Junction Canal to the West and Aire & Calder Navigation to the North. There is a crossing point at Stainforth with narrow bridges over the Aire & Calder Canal and River Don. Jubilee Bridge which provides access over the River Don from the A614 to the West of Thorne has a 3T weight restriction and width restriction. Further North there is access from the A614 via a narrow winding road to Beever’s Bridge, and old stone humped bridge, over the Aire & Calder Navigation. Access from the A19 to the West would be through Askern and Moss (outside the AoS) and via bridges over the New Junction Canal at Kirkhouse Green or Sykehouse. Roads within the area are generally narrow and those that have been widened/improved would require access through villages such as Fishlake and Fosterhouses and Sykehouse. Details of the road restrictions and access issues specific to this project are discussed in more detail in Appendix C and illustrated in Figure 4. 5.3.44 In the northern AoS, apart from the access road to Drax Power Station, the local minor roads are narrow and winding. From the A645 roundabout at Drax Power Station, a road runs through Drax village. This road is restricted by on-street parking. Church Dyke Lane runs East from Drax village becoming Brier Lane before reaching Newland. 5.3.45 Mill Lane runs East from the A1041(T) at Carlton becoming Wheel Lane / Seg Lane before reaching Newland. Both Seg Lane and Brier Lane connect to a single track road which runs immediately adjacent to the North bank of the River Aire past the houses of Newland to a dead-end at Little Airmyn. 5.3.46 To the North of Drax village, lanes connect to Long Drax on the southern bank of the River Ouse (another dead-end with no access across the river) and loop around to the connect back to the Drax Power Station access road. 5.3.47 To the North of the River Ouse there are no roads within the AoS, however, the area is served by a minor road through Asselby to a dead-end at Barmby-on-the-Marsh. To the East of the AoS this road connects to the B1228 which in turn connects North to the A63 or South to the A614 at Boothferry and Junction 37 of the M62 at Howden. Railways

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 44 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

5.3.48 A railway line runs South West to North East across the South eastern corner of the AoS. This is the Doncaster to Hull line with stations at Hatfield Stainforth and Thorne North within the AoS. A branch to the South of Thorne runs to Scunthorpe. 5.3.49 Another railway crosses the centre of the AoS between Goole and Knottingley with stations at Rawcliffe and Snaith within the AoS. 5.3.50 A freight line runs South West from Drax Power Station, between Camblesforth and Carlton in the northern part of the AoS. Canals and Waterways

5.3.51 The Stainforth & Keadby Canal crosses the South of the AoS from Kirk Bramwith to Thorne. 5.3.52 New Junction Canal runs from its junction with the Stainforth & Keadby Canal / River Dun Navigation in the South West of the AoS in a North easterly direction up to the Aire & Calder Navigation near Southfield Reservoir. 5.3.53 The Aire & Calder Navigation flows West – East across the central part of the AoS. 5.3.54 The River Aire flows West – East across the northern AoS and the River Ouse flows North West to South East across the North eastern corner of the AoS. Both these rivers are navigable.

Aviation and Defence Effects 5.3.55 No operational airfields or have been identified during a desk top study (Zetica Ltd).

5.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITING AND ROUTEING CONSIDERATIONS

5.4.1 The pipeline would be designed taking into account required separation distances; a minimum of 175m from normally occupied buildings and 700m from areas of increased population densities and sensitive developments (such as a school, place of worship or hospital). 5.4.2 The settlements of Fishlake (church), Sykehouse (church), Snaith (church and schools), East Cowick (church and nursery), West Cowick (chapel), Rawcliffe (church and school), Carlton (church and schools), Camblesforth (chapel and school), Barlow (chapel) and Drax (church and schools) would require a 700m separation distance. Pinch points for pipeline construction arise within the AoS due to a combination of sensitive developments such as those within Snaith, West Cowick and East Cowick, which combined with the M62 motorway and railway between East Cowick and Rawcliffe would present a constraint to pipeline routeing through the central AoS; and to the East of Drax where Drax village combined with properties to the East including those in Newland would present a constraint to pipeline routeing through the northern AoS.

5.4.3 There are a number of proposed and potential developments subject to planning applications within the area around the DVPP site including proposals for the Hatfield Power Park, Stainforth Marina, a high voltage overhead line (HV OHL) and temporary and permanent spoil disposal sites which would place constraints on the routeing of a pipeline to the North of the DVPP Site. The route is likely to be restricted to an existing utilities corridor.

5.4.4 The M18 would present a constraint to pipeline routeing which could be avoided by routeing directly North from the DVPP site. Kirton Lane to the East of Stainforth would need to be crossed and would be required to provide access during construction (no access is anticipated across the

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 45 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Stainforth & Keadby Canal and River Don at the pipeline crossing point). To the North of the River Don, road access is very restricted; this is discussed in more detail in Appendix C. Pipeline construction would involve a number of minor road crossings and access via minor roads to main crossing points of the River Don (to the South and East), Aire & Calder Navigation (to the North) and New Junction Canal (to the West). The M62 is unavoidable and any route alignment would require a pipeline crossing. 5.4.5 The A614/A1041 would have to be crossed by a pipeline route between Snaith and Rawcliffe. The A645 and adjacent disused railway embankment runs South East to North West across the AoS and would need to be crossed by a pipeline route. This road provides a valuable access route connecting to other A roads and the M62 motorway which (provided direct access from/to the pipeline works is permitted from this road) would help to reduce construction traffic on the local minor road network and through villages (i.e. Drax) during construction. There are other minor roads which would unavoidably need to be crossed by a pipeline route.

5.5 TECHNICAL AND SAFETY

5.5.1 The AoS is a low lying area with flat topography divided into medium to large sized predominantly arable fields which would require minimal site preparation. 5.5.2 The road network is predominantly narrow unclassified roads with links through villages and /or over canal bridges to the trunk road system (see description under Traffic and Transport above). This may present issues for HGV access. Electricity Infrastructure 5.5.3 An electricity substation is located at Drax Power Station with (132kV) electricity transmission lines running North East, West and South West from the site to locations outside of the AoS. Another 132kV electricity transmission line runs from Thorpe Marsh electricity sub-station North to West End and then East through the southern part of the AoS, between West End and Thorne. 5.5.4 Other existing electricity services consist of 66kV overhead lines which run West - East between Carlton and Rawcliffe Bridge and from Rawcliffe Bridge to the Glass Factory at Goole. Other lines further North run between Carlton and Goole and along the A645 between Drax and Goole. In addition a network of 11kV overhead lines run parallel to roads serving villages and farm properties. 5.5.5 The Rusholme Wind Farm Development occupies an area South of the River Ouse and North of the River Aire.

Gas and Oil Infrastructure 5.5.6 A number of National Grid gas pipelines run through the northern part of the AoS generally running North to South or South West converging at an AGI to the South West of Asselby and crossing the River Ouse to the West of Rusholme Grange. From there one runs South West to the South of Drax and Camblesforth; the other runs South towards Rawcliffe Bridge, with a branch to the glass factory near Goole. An existing Northern Gas Networks pipeline also runs North from the AGI at Asselby.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 46 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

5.5.7 In the northern part of the AoS, an oil pipeline runs North – South along the eastern boundary of the AoS to Rawcliffe Bridge. From Rawcliffe Bridge an oil pipeline runs West and then turns South West to leave the AoS just South of Pollington. Another oil pipeline runs South from Rawcliffe Bridge to cross the Aire & Calder Navigation and Dutch River before it divides just outside the AoS with one branch running South (to the East of Thorne) and the other branch running East. Private Drainage, Public Sewers and Water Mains 5.5.8 Water mains runs along the trunk roads through the AoS with connects along minor roads to villages. Records of private drainage (including piped land drainage) and public sewers have not been reviewed for the AoS. It is likely that some or all of these would be encountered.

5.6 TECHNICAL AND SAFETY SITING AND ROUTEING CONSIDERATIONS

5.6.1 The topography of the area is that of a level flood plain which is conducive to pipeline construction, although the superficial geology of Glaciolacustrine Deposits and Alluvium may present variable and difficult ground conditions for construction. 5.6.2 The area to the North of Stainforth has extensive underground workings associated with the Hatfield colliery which extend as far as the New Junction Canal. There is potential for ground subsidence due to underground cavities which may affect a pipeline route through the area. Coal Authority data indicate that there is a corridor between Fishlake and the A614 which is free of underground workings. This corridor has been used by the Preferred Pipeline Route Corridor. 5.6.3 There are a number of features within the AoS which would need to be crossed using trenchless construction methods and would be an obstacle to pipeline construction traffic requiring cul-de-sac working and construction traffic to move around to the next section of the works via the public highway. Such obstacles include River Don and Stainforth & Keadby Canal; River Went; Aire & Calder Navigation; M62; River Aire and River Ouse. Where possible the pipeline crossing would be located adjacent to an existing road crossing to reduce the distance construction traffic must travel on the public highway to access the next section of the pipeline route. 5.6.4 The Rusholme Wind Farm Development occupies an area South of the River Ouse and North of the River Aire, presenting a significant constraint to pipeline routeing through the northern AoS. Based on a review of OS mapping and Rusholme Wind Farm planning application information - the distance between the wind turbine towers is a minimum of c.300m. Reference has been made to guidance in IGEM TD/1: Edition 5 which sets a limitation of 1.5x tower height for the proximity of a buried pipeline to wind turbine towers and interconnecting infrastructure. The towers are c.60m high (above ground level), so a separation distance of 90m would be required between wind turbine towers and the pipeline. A gap of 300m between towers therefore allows c.120m for pipeline routeing between towers. However, there may be interconnecting infrastructure such as power cables – the routeing of which is currently undetermined. In addition, consent for pipeline routeing would need to be agreed with the wind farm owner/operator and the interconnecting infrastructure between turbines would require mitigation measures to be adopted during construction and operation. 5.6.5 An existing oil pipeline would need to be crossed to the South of the M62 and two natural gas pipelines which run through the AoS would add a further constraint to pipeline routeing between

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 47 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Drax and the Rusholme Wind Farm. Where possible pipeline routeing should minimise the number of pipeline crossings and should avoid running parallel to existing pipelines.

5.7 SUMMARY OF PIPELINE ROUTEING CONSIDERATIONS WITHIN THE AREA OF SEARCH

5.7.1 The pipeline Route Corridor to the North of Stainforth would be restricted to a narrow corridor to avoid proposals for a Marina development and overhead powerlines to the South of Fishlake and spoil disposal to the North of Kirton Lane; underground mining areas to the North West of Fishlake and East of the A614 around Thorne; and sensitive developments within Stainforth and Fishlake to the West and Thorne and the M18 to the East. 5.7.2 There are a number of constraints to pipeline routeing to the West of the New Junction Canal. To avoid the underground mining areas to the North West of Fishlake, a route would need to run to the North of Fosterhouses and Kirk Lane Bridge over the New Junction Canal. The sensitive development (church) and dwellings of Sykehouse and Scheduled Monument at Warren Hall, Pincheon Green would severely restrict a pipeline alignment through this area. The lack of road access across the River Went and Aire & Calder Canal and the extensive areas adjacent to the River Went which are covered by statutory and non-statutory wildlife designations would place further constraints on pipeline routeing. In addition, to the North, the combined constraints of the M62, a Scheduled Monument at Manor Hill, Candidate LWSs at Oaks Wood, Phippin Parks and Southfield Reservoir and the pinch point created by sensitive developments within Snaith, West Cowick, East Cowick would render such an alignment unfavourable when viable alternatives are available. 5.7.3 A pipeline Route Corridor through the North eastern part of the AoS to the East of Rawcliffe and Newland would require a pipeline route to cross the River Aire and River Ouse with no road access from the East and very poor road access from the West, between the rivers. The road along the northern bank of the River Aire, runs along the flood defence bank. The road is very narrow; particularly past the properties in Newland and shows signs of subsidence (the flood defence wall has been piled to maintain its integrity). Pipeline construction through this area would require extensive off-road access to avoid traffic through Newland. This combined with the unknown structural stability of the flood bank at the River Aire and the Rusholme Wind Farm would make the routeing of a pipeline through this area unfavourable. 5.7.4 The village of Barlow, Barlow Hill Scheduled Monument and the extensive areas of spoil disposal would be constraints to pipeline routeing to the West of Camblesforth and North West of Drax Power Station. Drax Augustinian Priory Scheduled Monument near Drax Abbey Farm and the River Derwent SAC and SSSI would place further constraints on pipeline routeing which is likely to result in a convoluted route alignment. Routeing through this area would be considered less favourable when there are viable alternatives available.

5.7.5 The PRC runs to the East of Fishlake and the New Junction Canal and to the West of Rawcliffe. This avoids the area to the West of the New Junction Canal and crosses the River Went, Aire & Calder Navigation and M62 close to existing road crossings.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 48 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

5.7.6 In the Selection of Preferred Corridor Report published in November 2011, the PRC was not defined within the ‘Preferred Areas of Interest for Block Valve Sites’ (see blue areas in Figure 1). The northern part of the AoS between the River Aire and Asselby encompasses the Preferred Area of Interest for Block Valve Sites identified in consultation zone A. Following the appraisal of pipeline routeing considerations presented in the sections above, the opportunity has been taken to use this information to refine the PRC within the Preferred Area of Interest for Block Valve Sites. The PRC represented in yellow in Figures 2, 3.4 and 3.5 has been refined based on the routeing considerations outlined above. This avoids the area to the East of Rawcliffe and Newland, allows an alignment between Drax and Rusholme Wind Farm, the potential use of the A645 for construction access and avoids the need to cross the River Derwent SAC & SSSI. 5.7.7 For each of the Site Options, pipeline routeing has taken into consideration any need for a pipeline to deviate from the PRC in order to pass through a Site Option. This assessment has used the refined PRC shown in Figures 2, 3.4 and 3.5 to calculate the deviation. .

5.8 SUMMARY OF COMPRESSOR SITING CONSIDERATIONS WITHIN THE AREA OF SEARCH

5.8.1 The constraints identified with the AoS combined with the road access and pipeline routeing considerations outlined above and in Appendix C have limited the areas within which potential compressor sites could be located. 5.8.2 Road access has been a major constraint to siting within the southern part of the AoS, which is enclosed by the major waterways of the River Don, Stainforth & Keadby Canal, New Junction Canal and Aire & Calder Navigation; due to the limited number of bridge crossings suitable for HGV access. In addition the road network within this area is predominantly narrow minor roads. In the North of the AoS the A1041, A645 and A614 provide essential road links to the ‘A’ road and motorway system, however, the minor road system still presents constraints requiring HGV access through local villages. Road access has therefore been a major consideration during site identification. 5.8.3 The open nature of the landscape makes screening potential a major consideration. Siting has therefore sought to identify sites adjacent to existing woodland, treebelts or embankment features which have potential to provide screening for the proposed development. For example no sites have been identified to the East of the River Don due to the open nature of the landscape (as well as limited road access). 5.8.4 The separation distances required from areas of population, sensitive development, major infrastructure and in particular transportation routes has proved to be a major constraint to site identification as demonstrated by a number of the Site Options considered (CP1, CP3, CP4 and CP8). 5.8.5 Other major considerations have included the extensive areas of underground mine workings in the South East and South West of the AoS and the associated risk of ground instability and subsidence. These have affected both site location and pipeline routeing as demonstrated by Site Options CP1 and CP2. Another constraint affecting siting and routeing with the North of the AoS is a SPZ around

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 49 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Goose House a borehole pumping station to the East of Carlton (Site Option CP6 and routeing to/from CP5 and CP7). 5.8.6 The routeing of a pipeline into and out of Site Options has also been taken into consideration. A number of routeing constraints would preclude routeing a pipeline to the West of New Junction Canal, Snaith, Carlton, Camblesforth and Drax Power Station (as set out in Section 5.7 above) as a consequence no sites have been identified in these areas. 5.8.7 The site identification process has also considered the potential of site to accommodate future pipeline connections and thus a multi-junction. This is discussed in more detail in the next section.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 50 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6 Potential Compressor Sites

6.1 ALL IDENTIFIED POTENTIAL COMPRESSOR SITES

6.1.1 This Section aims to demonstrate the process that has been undertaken to identify Site Options for potential compressor locations and sets out the reasons why some Site Options have been eliminated prior to the Options Appraisal Process. 6.1.2 Consideration was given to locating a compressor within the proposed DVPP site to the East of Stainforth (NGR SE 658 116) however there would be insufficient land available to accommodate a compressor in conjunction with the proposed power plant and CCP taking into account calculated separation distance requirements from occupied buildings/ major infrastructure (such as the adjacent railway) and sensitive development such as the school on Kirton Lane. The proposed DVPP site has not therefore been included as a Site Option within this appraisal report. 6.1.3 Following the RCS, a number of potential compressor Sites Options were identified within the AoS. Taking account of the site identification criteria listed in Section 4.1, the constraints identified within the AoS as described in Section 5.0, and pipeline routeing, road access and siting considerations as outlined in Section 5.0 and Appendix C, eight site locations were initially identified as having potential to accommodate a compressor site within the AoS. 6.1.4 The location of potential compressor Site Options and the constraints identified are illustrated in Figure 2 and Figures 3.1 to 3.5 and listed below: Site Option CP1 Hatfield - South of Kirton Lane and Railway, East of Stainforth NGR 466523 411688 SE 665 116) Site Option CP2 Fosterhouses - West of Snatchell’s Lane, North West of Fosterhouses NGR 464178 415123 SE 642 151 Site Option CP3 Pollington – West of Oak Lane, between River Went and Aire & Calder Navigation NGR 466136 418699 (SE 661 187) Site Option CP4 Carlton South– South West of Ings Lane, South East of Carlton NGR 465967 423120 SE 659 231 Site Option CP5 Carlton North – North of Wheels Lane, East of Carlton NGR 466768 424431 (SE 667 244) Site Option CP6 Newland – North of Wheels Lane, West of Seg Lane, West of Newland NGR 467735 42477 SE 677 247 Site Option CP7 Camblesforth – South of A645 near Wade House Lane NGR 466860 425284 (SE 668 252) Site Option CP8 Drax – North of Drax Abbey Farm NGR 466946 429090 SE 669 290 6.1.5 Photographs of each of the Site Options are provided at Appendix E.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 51 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6.1.6 All of these sites were then subject to a site visit allowing a more detailed consideration against the site identification criteria. This initial review also considered the proximity of options to the location of the PRC for the pipeline, and therefore reviewed pipeline routeing constraints that could be encountered when connecting the block valve to the main cross country pipeline. This initial review allowed a further rationalisation of sites options. Those sites still considered viable after this initial review were subject to a more detailed options appraisal and comparative analysis. 6.1.7 A summary of considerations for all sites is provided below, more detail of the environmental, socio- economic and technical & safety aspects of each site are presented in tables in Appendix B.

6.2 COMPRESSOR SITES DISCOUNTED FOLLOWING INITIAL REVIEW

Site Option CP1 - Hatfield - South of Kirton Lane and Railway, East of Stainforth, NGR 466523 411688 SE 665 116) 6.2.1 The Hatfield Site Option (18.9ha) is situated immediately to the South and East of the proposed 2Co DVPP site within arable fields. To the North and West the site is bordered by a four track railway line, to the East by the M18 Motorway on embankment and to the South by agricultural fields and an active waste tip (Bootham Lane Landfill). The site has access via a track from an unclassified minor road (Kirton Lane) with potential for screening from spoil heaps at Hatfield Colliery site and M18 embankment. There is one adjacent residential property. Land Capacity

6.2.2 There is sufficient space within the 18.9ha Site Options to accommodate a compressor site and appropriate landscape planting proposals. A temporary construction working area could be accommodated in adjacent fields. Access

6.2.3 An unclassified minor road, Kirkton Lane, runs to the North of the site. Current access into the site from Kirton Lane is via a track to the North East of the site (Bailey Lane) which leaves Kirton Lane under the M18 motorway bridge. Visibility is restricted by a bend to the West where the road crosses a bridge over the railway. This may cause a constraint in regard to the delivery of large items of equipment. The existing access track from the minor road would need to be upgraded. 6.2.4 Kirton Lane connects East to the A614 at Thorne. There are residential properties along this route within Thorne. Vehicle restrictions on this route include a railway bridge with a 4.8m height limit and level crossing with a 5m height limit. Screening Potential

6.2.5 Good existing screening potential. The landscape is already highly influenced by industrial elements. The site is shielded from views by the M18 on embankment to the East; by the active landfill site at Bootham Lane to the South West; and by the Hatfield colliery spoil heaps to the North and West, however, the development of the proposed 2Co power station and capture plant would necessitate the removal of the existing spoil heaps to a site further to the North of its existing position.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 52 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6.2.6 The site is not currently overlooked other than from a new property and associated static caravans at the entrance to the site to the North East; and from the embanked M18 and railway bridge on Kirton Lane. Hedgerows interspersed with mature mixed deciduous trees along the railway / road partially screen the site from Kirkton Lane to the North. Mature hedges along the track (Bailey Lane) to the East and field boundary to the South would provide some screening potential. Separation Distances

6.2.7 The site is located adjacent to a high volume highway, the M18, which runs on embankment to the East of the Site Option and a high density railway to the North of the site. There is a new single storey dwelling and several static caravans along the edge of the M18 to the East, a motorway Service Area is located to the South and the proposed Don Valley Power site is located adjacent to the railway to the North. All these place constraints in regard to separation distances affecting the positioning of the plant within the site: - M18 on embankment borders the eastern boundary of the site – within 175m separation distance; - Mainline four track railway borders northern boundary of site – within 175m separation distance. - Residential property at entrance to site (c.25m North East) – within 175m separation distance; - M18 Service Area (c.500mto South East) – within 700m separation distance; - Proposed DVPP Site (c.200m West – within 525m separation distance; 6.2.8 Due to the combination of constraints - there is insufficient space within the Site Option or adjacent land to locate a potential compressor site outside required separation distances. Other Considerations

6.2.9 One residential property/ noise sensitive receptor has been identified immediately adjacent to the Site Option (c.25m to the North East). This residential property is within a semi-industrial location adjacent to a major road within 100m of the proposed site assessed as of High sensitivity. 6.2.10 According to Coal Authority data Site Option CP1 is within a coal mining affected area and area of mining instability. The site is located adjacent to the Hatfield Main Colliery site and there are underground mine workings associated with Hatfield Colliery located beneath the Site Option and surrounding area with associated potential for mining instability and subsidence. 6.2.11 A number of planning applications have been identified within 500m of the site. These relate to proposals for a Power Park submitted by Waystone. Site Option CP1 is within an area included in planning applications for the Hatfield Power Park Phase 1 which has planning permission including emergency spoil disposal. Pipeline Routeing

6.2.12 Site Option would require a pipeline crossing of a four track railway to access the site from the DVPP site and to exit the site North to join the PRC. Planning applications submitted for temporary and permanent spoil disposal sites would place constraints on the routeing of a pipeline to the North of the DVPP Site. The route is likely to be restricted to an existing utilities corridor. 6.2.13 Within the PRC the constraints encountered would be similar for all options crossing the Stainforth and Keadby Canal, River Don, River Went, Aire & Calder Navigation Canal the M62, A614 (twice)

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 53 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

and railway at a ‘pinch point’ at East Cowick, oil pipeline, River Aire, the A645 and several minor roads. Field Units of Eskamhorn Meados SSSI and the SPZ around Goose House Borehole Pumping Station present additional constraints North of the River Aire.

6.2.14 Pipeline routeing to the North of the A645 would be constrained by separation distances to settlements at Drax and Newland and properties in between (including Scurff Hall Scheduled Monument), by existing natural gas pipelines and Rusholme Windfarm these constraints would be common to all Site Options. Future Connections

6.2.15 Opportunities for future pipeline connections into / out of the site are severely restricted. The settlements of Hatfield and Stainforth, Hatfield Main Colliery site and the landfill site at Bootham Lane, would be a constraint to pipeline routeing to/from the West and South West. The combination of the M18 and Doncaster North Motorway Service Area, the settlement of Thorne, Thorne Golf Course, a Young Offenders Institute and ecological sites to the East (Hatfield Moor SSSI) and additional constraints such as major planning application(s) to the East of Thorne would restrict routeing to/from the East. Access to the North would be restricted by development proposals associated with the Power Park (potential spoil disposal sites). 6.2.16 This site would not be suitable for a multi-junction site due to the surrounding constraints providing limited opportunity for routeing further pipelines into / out of the site. The location of the site is not conducive to connections from the South West, the Aire Valley to the North West of the White Rose CCS Project. An additional separate multi-junction installation would therefore be required if this site were progressed. Summary

6.2.17 The Site Option has been discounted due to the combined proximity of a number of constraints - there is insufficient space within the Site Option or adjacent land to locate a potential compressor site outside required separation distances. Potential for ground instability due to mine workings is another consideration. 6.2.18 In addition the site would not be suitable for a combined compressor and multi-junction site due to the severely restricted potential for routeing future pipeline connections into / out of the site. 6.2.19 Site Option CP1 has therefore been discounted as a potential compressor site and is not considered further in this options appraisal. Site Option CP2 – Fosterhouses - West of Snatchell’s Lane, North West of Fosterhouses, NGR 464178 415123 SE 642 151 6.2.20 This Site Option (20.9ha) is located approximately 3.5km to the North West of the DVPP site to the North of Fishlake and West of Fosterhouses within an arable field adjacent to an unclassified minor road (Kirk Lane). The site has screening potential from existing woodland and trees. Adjacent residential properties are greater than 175m from the Site Option. Land Capacity

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 54 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6.2.21 There is sufficient space within the 20.9ha Site Option to accommodate a compressor site and appropriate landscape planting proposals. A temporary construction working area could be accommodated within the Site Option and / or in adjacent fields. Access

6.2.22 An unclassified minor road, Snatchell’s Lane, runs along the North eastern boundary of the Site Option. The site has direct access to Snatchell’s Lane to the East, which has adequate visibility, a new access would be required into the site. 6.2.23 Snatchell’s Lane connects via a reasonably wide minor road through the village of Fosterhouses and Fishlake. There are residential properties within Fosterhouses and a church and residences in Fishlake on the potential access route South over the narrow bridges at Stainforth and either through Stainforth past the DVPP site to the A614 or through Barnby Dun, Dunscroft or Hatfield to the A18. There are a number of traffic restrictions which would affect HGV access along these potential routes (see Road Access Restrictions in Appendix C). 6.2.24 Access to the North via Beevers Bridge to A614 is severely restricted (Kirk Lane Bridge has a 7.5T weight limit; hump bridge at Beever’s Bridge and narrow road with several bends and overhead lines to access the A614). 6.2.25 Road access is therefore restricted to this site. Screening Potential

6.2.26 The site is level and well screened by existing adjacent woodland and hedgerow boundaries to the West; mature hedgerow field boundaries to the North, South and South East; and a low hedge with mature trees along the road to the North East provide some screening. The site is more open to the road to the North East. The site is overlooked by residential properties within Fosterhouses approximately 500m to the East. 6.2.27 Views from other potential visual receptors including semi-permanent mobile homes to the North (approximately 270m from the Site Option) and New House Farm approximately 400m to the South which are currently screened. Separation Distances

6.2.28 No adjacent residential properties or sensitive development identified. Other Considerations

6.2.29 According to Coal Authority data Site Option CP2 is within a coal mining affected area and there are underground mine workings associated with Hatfield Colliery located beneath the Site Option and surrounding area with associated potential for mining instability and subsidence. 6.2.30 The site is located adjacent to high voltage (132kV +) overhead power line which runs immediately to the North of the Site Option and connects to Thorpe Marsh substation 7.5km to the South West. Pipeline Routeing

6.2.31 Site Option CP2 would require a deviation 2km from the PRC. Pipeline routeing into the site from the DVPP site approximately 3.5km to the South would require a crossing of the Stainforth and Keadby Canal and River Don. Routeing to the South of Fishlake would be restricted by a proposed overhead line from the DVPP and a proposed 500 berth marina development adjacent to the

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 55 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Stainforth and Keadby canal which has outline planning approved. In addition there are extensive areas of underground mine works and associated mining instability to the West and North West of Fishlake that should be avoided by a pipeline route.

6.2.32 Although the pipeline would be carrying CO2 in gaseous phase, which would reduce the separation distances required, an alternative route to the North of Fishlake would still be constrained by residential properties in Fosterhouses which would require a pipeline route to the North where a number of LWSs would present additional constraints. As a consequence the route would run parallel to a high voltage electricity overhead line for approximately 2km. Pipeline routeing should avoid running parallel to HV OHL. Pipeline routeing into the site from DVPP would be severely constrained. 6.2.33 Routeing out of the site North to the PRC would require minor road crossings, constraints within the PRC are similar as for all Sites Options (see Site Option CP 1 above). Future Connections

6.2.34 Access to the Site Option for future pipeline connections is restricted by the settlements of Thorne and Moor End to the East, Hatfield and Stainforth to the South East. There are also extensive underground workings (which should be avoided by a pipeline route) to the South, East and further to the West (Prince of Wales Colliery near Askern) of the Site Option. Future pipeline connections would unavoidably require major canal or watercourse crossings to access the site (the site is surrounded by New Junction Canal to the West, River Don to the East and South, Stainforth and Keadby Canal to the South, River Went and Aire and Calder Navigation to the North). Road access is also a restriction as discussed above. 6.2.35 This site would be less favourable for a multi-junction site due to the combination of surrounding constraints that limit potential routeing of further pipelines into / out of the site to the South West and North. This would not be conducive for potential pipeline connections from emitters in the Aire Valley including the White Rose CCS Project to the North West or from the South East. Summary

6.2.36 The site has been discounted due to the potential for ground instability due to underground mine workings, the relative difficulty of routeing a pipeline into (and out of) the site, combined with restricted road access for HGVs. 6.2.37 In addition the site would be less favourable for a combined compressor and multi-junction site due to the restricted potential for routeing future pipeline connections into / out of the site. 6.2.38 Site Option CP2 has therefore been discounted as a potential compressor site and is not considered further in this options appraisal. Site Option CP3 – Pollington – West of Oak Lane, between River Went and Aire & Calder Navigation, NGR 466136 418699 (SE 661 187) 6.2.39 This Site Option (18.3ha) is located approximately 7km to the North of the DVPP, within an arable field adjacent to an unclassified minor road (Oak Lane); between the River Went and Aire and Calder Navigation canal. The site has screening potential from existing woodland and trees to the West and South and from flood banks to the North and East. Within the PRC. Residential property with 175m of the Site Option.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 56 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Land Capacity

6.2.40 There is sufficient space within the 18.3ha Site Options to accommodate a compressor site and appropriate landscape planting proposals. There is restricted space for a temporary construction working area within the Site Option and adjacent fields due to the adjacent waterways. Access

6.2.41 An unclassified minor road (Oak Lane), runs along the eastern boundary of the site. The site has direct acess to this minor road which connects North to the A614 via a humped bridge crossing the Aire and Calder Navigation Canal at Beever’s Bridge. No weight restriction is signposted but the gradient of the bridge may be an issue for long vehicles (a HGV was observed crossing the bridge). A narrow winding road with several overhead lines crossing the road, links the site to the A614 to the North of the bridge. Adjacent to the site there are no roadside boundaries and two narrow 90 degree bends. 6.2.42 The minor road would probably need to be widened and upgraded between the site and the A614 (approx 1.6km) with a probable requirement to move overhead telecoms and electricity cables. 6.2.43 Road access is therefore restricted to this site. Screening Potential

6.2.44 This is a relatively open site to the North and East. Banks adjacent to the Aire & Calder Navigation/ Beever’s Bridge to the North and flood banks of the River Don to East provide some screening but properties to the North and East have views over the flood bank towards the site. A wooded area to West provides some screening and hedgerow remnants and scrub vegetation along banks of River Went to South screen views from the South. 6.2.45 A residential property 60m to the North East with windows facing the Site Option, would have close proximity views towards the site, partially screened by the road embankment for Beever’s Bridge. Separation Distances

6.2.46 A residential property is located c.60m to the North East of the site lies within the 175m separation distance of the Site Option. In addition the site is located adjacent to the Aire & Calder Navigation canal which is a navigable waterway. Navigable waterways require a 175m separation distance. This would place a constraint on the location of the plant within the site. Taking into account these separation distances, there is not sufficient space within the 18.3ha site to accommodate the compressor facility outside the separation distance. The site is restricted by woodland to the West, the River Went to the South and a minor road and the River Don to the East

6.2.47 There is insufficient space within the Site Option to locate plant outside the required 175m separation distance from the canal. Other Considerations

6.2.48 The residential property to the North East is located c. 60m from the Site Option within a quiet rural location a potential noise sensitive receptor of Very High sensitivity. Pipeline Routeing

6.2.49 Site Option CP3 is located within the PRC. Pipeline routeing into the site from the DVPP site c.7km to the South would require crossing the Stainforth and Keadby Canal, River Don, River Went and

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 57 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

several minor roads. Pipeline routeing out of the site to the North would require crossing the Aire & Calder Canal and crossing the M62, A614 and railway at a ‘pinch point’ at East Cowick. Constraints within the PRC are similar for all Sites Options (see Site Option CP 1 above). Future Connections

6.2.50 Although the Site Option is better located for potential connections from the Aire Valley to the North West and to the South East the site is enclosed by the New Junction Canal to the West, Aire & Calder Navigation to the North, River Don to the East and River Went to the South. Future pipeline connections would require major canal or watercourse crossings to access the site. This Site Option would therefore be less favourable and space restrictions due to the proximity of the Aire and Calder Navigation would make this site unviable as a potential multi-junction site. Summary

6.2.51 The site has been discounted due to the proximity of the Aire & Calder Navigation - there is insufficient space within the Site Option or adjacent land to locate a potential compressor site outside required separation distances. 6.2.52 In addition the site would be less favourable for a combined compressor and multi-junction site because future pipeline connections would unavoidably require a major watercourse crossing in order to get into / out of the site. 6.2.53 Site Option CP3 has therefore been discounted as a potential compressor site and is not considered further in this options appraisal. Site Option CP4 – Carlton South– South West of Ings Lane, South East of Carlton, NGR 465967 423120 SE 659 231 6.2.54 This Site Option (33.8ha) is located to the South of Drax Power Station, approximately 11km North of the DVPP site, with farm track access to an ‘A’ class road or direct access to an unclassified minor road (Ings Lane). Screening potential from woodland, mature hedgerows and the flood banks of the River Aire. No residential properties within 500m of the site. Land Capacity

6.2.55 There is sufficient space within the 33.8ha Site Option to accommodate a compressor site and appropriate landscape planting proposals and for a temporary construction working area within the Site Option. Access

6.2.56 An unclassified minor road borders the North East corner of the site (Ings Lane) which runs North to Wheels Lane / Mill Lane to the A1041(T) at Carlton High Street further to the West. Ings Lane is a narrow lane with evidence of subsidence and a weak brick culvert. The lane would need to be strengthened, widened and upgraded (approx 630m) to its junction with Mill Lane/Wheels Lane. A new access into the site would be required. 6.2.57 Access through Carlton via Mill Lane may present a restriction for HGV access to the site due to the poor junction of Mill Lane with A1041. There are residential properties along Mill Lane and shops, services and a secondary school on the A1041(T) North through Carlton. (An alternative access

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 58 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

route for special loads is potentially available via an un-made road past the school to the North, which connects to Mill Lane near the Water Treatment Works). 6.2.58 An alternative access avoiding Ings Lane would be via an un-made track to the A1041(T) from the North West corner of the Site Option. Access could be provided by upgrading and strengthening the un-made track which runs from the North West corner of the site for approximately 900m. 6.2.59 These alternative access routes would be subject to consultation with NYCC Highways. 6.2.60 Access South through Snaith has 7.5T weight restriction so HGV traffic would have to go North through Carlton. HGV access would be from the M62 at Junction 36 via the A614(T), A645 and A1041(T) or from the A19(T) Selby by-pass via the A1041(T). 6.2.61 Road access is therefore restricted to this site. Screening Potential

6.2.62 An existing mature tree belt of dense mixed conifers to the West and woodland on raised ground to the North would provide some screening from properties c.900m to the West and Carlton Towers c.850m to the North West. The (1-2 m high) flood banks of the River Aire along the southern boundary of the Site Option would provide some screening from properties on the edge of Snaith c. 950m to the South West. In addition the site is surrounded by mature hedgerows. To the East the nearest property is Eskhamhorn Farm approximately.1.1km from the Site Option. Separation Distances

6.2.63 The nearest residential property to the site is identified as Carlton Towers c. 850m to the North West and separated from the Site Option by mature woodland on raised ground. 6.2.64 The River Aire borders the southern boundary of the site. This is a navigable waterway and would require a 175m separation distance from the proposed compressor site.

6.2.65 There is insufficient space within the Site Option to locate plant outside the required 175m separation distance from the canal. Other Considerations

6.2.66 A field at Carlton Ings which is part of the Eskamhorn Meadows SSSI (Unit 2 NGR SE664 236) is located across Ings Lane to North East of site and adjacent to the potential access route. 6.2.67 Undesignated Historic Designed Landscape Parkland around the mansion house of Carlton Towers borders the northern boundary of the Site Option this includes Game Conservation Areas for game bird cover and fishing ponds. 6.2.68 According to Coal Authority data the site is on the boundary of a coal mining affected area which extends to the South, but no underground workings are identified in the vicinity of the site. Pipeline Routeing

6.2.69 Site Option CP4 would require a deviation 1km from the PRC. Pipeline routeing into the site from the DVPP site c.11km to the South would require crossing the Stainforth and Keadby Canal, River Don, River Went, Aire and Calder Navigation, A614 twice, M62, a railway, oil pipeline, River Aire,

and several minor roads. Routeing for a pipeline carrying CO2 in gaseous phase between the DVPP site and Site Option CP4 would reduce the routeing constraints due to separation distances for example around the ‘pinchpoint’ near East Cowick.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 59 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6.2.70 Pipeline routeing out of the site would run North East between two areas designated as SSSI (part of Eskamhorn Meadows SSSI) to join the PRC. The SPZ I/II around Goose House Borehole Pumping Station combined with the non-statutory wildlife site at Brock Holes, an existing natural gas pipeline and a crossing of the A645 would be an additional constraints to pipeline routeing. 6.2.71 Pipeline routeing to the North of the A645 would be constrained by separation distances to settlements at Drax and Newland and properties in between, by existing pipelines and Rusholme Windfarm these constraints would be common to all Site Options. Future Connections

6.2.72 Access to the Site Option for future pipeline connects would require a crossing of the River Aire from the South, pipeline access is restricted by the parkland around Carlton Towers and settlements to the North and South however, there is potential for future pipeline connections from the North East, South East and restricted access from the West. Road access is a major restriction and space restrictions due to the proximity of the River Ouse would make this site unviable as a potential multi-junction site. . Summary

6.2.73 The site has been discounted due to the proximity of the River Aire - there is insufficient space within the Site Option to locate a potential compressor site outside required separation distances; combined with restricted road access for HGVs which would require considerable road improvement works to overcome. 6.2.74 Site Option CP4 has therefore been discounted as a potential compressor site and is not considered further in this options appraisal. Site Option CP6 – Newland – North of Wheels Lane, West of Seg Lane, West of Newland, NGR 467735 42477 SE 677 247 6.2.75 This Site Option (25.5ha) is located in arable fields to the South of the A645, West of Newland village and South East of Drax Power Station, approximately 13.5km North of the DVPP site, with direct access to an unclassified minor road (Wheels Lane) and potential access to an ‘A’ class road (A645). Screening potential from woodland belts, hedgerows mature trees and a disused railway embankment. There are residential properties to the North West and East. Land Capacity

6.2.76 There is sufficient space within the 25.5ha Site Options to accommodate a compressor site and appropriate landscape planting proposals. A temporary construction working area could be accommodated within the Site Option and / or in adjacent fields. Access

6.2.77 An unclassified minor road, (Seg Lane /Wheels Lane), runs along the eastern and southern boundaries of the site. The site has direct access to the minor road via an existing field access at the apex of a bend on Seg Lane / Wheels Lane with poor visibility; a new access would therefore be required. Further West, Wheels Lane has a series of bends, is narrow, undulating and in poor condition showing signs of subsidence– this would need to be upgraded to accommodate HGVs.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 60 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6.2.78 The minor road, Wheels Lane, connects via Mill Lane to the A1041 at Carlton High Street, c.3km to the West. There are residential properties along Mill Lane and shops, services and a secondary school on the A1041(T) North through Carlton. Access through Carlton may present a restriction for HGV access to the site due to poor junction of Mill Lane with A1041. (Alternative access may be available for occasional HGV access / special loads via an un-made road past the school to North which connects to Mill Lane near the Water Treatment Works). 6.2.79 A potential alternative access to the North via an existing track through a gap in the disused railway embankment would allow direct access onto A645 (a straight road with good visibility). This would require an existing un-made track to be upgraded and extended to form a new access and widening of the existing access onto A645. Access would likely be for HGVs / special loads only and traffic control measures would be required.

6.2.80 The A1041(T) connects East via the A645 and A614(T) to the M62 at Junction 36 or North to the A19(T) Selby by-pass. There is a weight restriction of 7.5T on the A1041(T) through Snaith to the South. 6.2.81 Road access to this Site Option is therefore restricted but alternatives are potentially available (subject to consultation with NYCC Highways). Screening Potential

6.2.82 The Site Option is currently not directly overlooked by any residential properties; however, a public footpath runs across the Site Option. 6.2.83 The site is well screened benefiting from two existing parallel mature hedgerows with dense tree cover to the East, mature hedgerows with trees to the North and West and the tree-covered embankment of a disused railway running parallel to the A645 to the North. Boundary vegetation along road to the South has more gaps. 6.2.84 Existing mature trees and hedgerows to the West, North and East and woodland features to the East would screen the site from residential properties at the junction of Mill Lane and New Lane (600m North East), however, the development would require the removal of some hedgerows to the North West which would open up the site towards a residential property at Brock Holes (175m West) which would then have direct views towards the site. Separation Distance

6.2.85 Residential property at Brock Holes (c. 175m West) is within the required separation distance from the northern part of the site however, there would be space within the Site Options to locate the compressor facility outside the separation distance for this property. 6.2.86 Yorkshire Water Goose House Borehole Pumping Station is located 130m to the West of the site. Although the pumping station is not manned, for the purposes of this appraisal a precautionary approach has been taken and the Borehole Pumping Station has been classified as a major service installation and a separation distance of 175m from the proposed pipeline and associated installations has been applied. This would place a constraint on the positioning of plant within the site to accommodate the compressor facility outside the separation distance (see Other Considerations below). Other Considerations

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 61 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6.2.87 Part of Site Option CP6 falls within the Outer SPZ (SPZ II) for the Yorkshire Water borehole Pumping Station at Goose House which is located 130m West of the site. Pipeline routeing and siting of associated AGIs should avoid location of sites within the Inner and Outer SPZs of public water supplies. The boundary of the SPZII extends further into the site than the 175m separation distance and would therefore place a more severe restriction on the location and layout of plant required for a compressor facility within the site. There is insufficient space within the site to locate the compressor facility outside the boundary of the SPZ II. The site is restricted to the East by Seg Lane and to the North by an existing natural gas pipeline and the A645. 6.2.88 Eskamhorn Meadows SSSI Unit 5 (NGR SE679243) is located approximately 200m East of the site, although it is separate from the Site Option by a minor road (Seg Lane/ Wheels Lane). 6.2.89 The southern part of site is within Mineral Safeguarding Area for Brick Clay. According to Coal Authority data the site is on the boundary of a coal mining affected area which extends to the South. Pipeline Routeing

6.2.90 Site Option CP6 is located within the PRC. Pipeline routeing into the site from the DVPP site c.12.5km to the South would require crossing the Stainforth and Keadby Canal, River Don, River Went, Aire and Calder Navigation, A614 twice, M62, a railway, oil pipeline, River Aire, and several

minor roads. Routeing for a pipeline carrying CO2 in gaseous phase between the DVPP site and Site Option CP6 would reduce the routeing constraints due to separation distances for example around the ‘pinchpoint’ near East Cowick. 6.2.91 Pipeline routeing out of the site would run North East within the PRC. Routeing would be restricted by a SPZ (SPZ I/II) around Goose House Borehole Pumping Station which is located to the West of the site and a natural gas pipeline would present an additional constraint in the vicinity where the CCS pipeline would need to cross the A645. 6.2.92 Pipeline routeing to the North of the A645 would be constrained by separation distances to settlements at Drax and Newland and properties in between, by existing pipelines and Rusholme Windfarm these constraints would be common to all Site Options. Future Connections

6.2.93 Access to the Site Option for future pipeline connections is restricted by Drax Power Station and settlements to the North, East and South West, however there is potential for future pipeline connections from the North East, South and West. This would be suitable for potential emitters in the Aire Valley to the West, the White Rose CCS Project to the North East and from the South East. Road access is a major restriction and space restrictions due to the proximity of Goose House borehole Pumping Station and associated SPZ, the existing natural gas pipeline and adjacent roads would make this site unviable as a potential multi-junction site. Summary

6.2.94 Site Option CP6 has been discounted due to its proximity to the Outer SPZ (SPZII) for the Goose House Borehole Pumping Station. There is not sufficient space within the Site Options to accommodate the plant required for a compressor facility, outside of the Outer SPZ.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 62 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6.2.95 Additional constraints on the siting of a compressor facility at this location would be the proximity of the Goose House Borehole Pumping Station (within the 175m separation distance applied) and the restricted road access (although alternative access routes are potentially available). 6.2.96 Option CP6 has therefore been discounted as a potential compressor site and is not considered further in this options appraisal.

Site Option CP8 – Drax – North of Drax Abbey Farm, NGR 466946 429090 SE 669 290 6.2.97 This Site Option (22.9ha) is located to the North of Drax Power Station, at Drax Abbey Farm, adjacent to the River Ouse; and approximately 17km North of the DVPP site, within an arable field with farm track access to a minor unclassified road and potential screening from the River Ouse flood banks and spoil heaps of Drax Power Station. There is one adjacent property. Land Capacity

6.2.98 There is sufficient space within the 22.9ha Site Option to accommodate a compressor site and appropriate landscape planting proposals. A temporary construction working area could be accommodated within the Site Option and / or in adjacent fields. Access

6.2.99 Access to the Site Option would be via a track through Drax Abbey Farm from a narrow minor road which widens out to the South at the entrance to Drax Power Station and connects to the A645. The track through Drax Abbey Farm to the minor road would need to be upgraded (approx 1km) and the minor road between Drax Abbey Farm and the entrance to Drax Power Station may need to be widened (approx 350-450m). 6.2.100 HGV access would be from the M62 at Junction 36 via the A614(T) and A645 or from the A19(T) Selby by-pass via the A1041(T) and A645 Screening Potential

6.2.101 The Site Option is very open but benefits from screening provided by the landscaped spoil of Drax power station c.250m to the South West. The flood banks of the River Ouse (3m high) provide some screening to the North East and belts of poplar trees along the banks provide additional screening to the North. The site is open to the North West and South East where the field boundary is marked by a deep ditch. Further to the South East, mature field boundary hedgerows with trees screen views from properties further East. Drax Abbey Farm c. 400m South of the site has direct open views towards the Site Option. Separation Distances

6.2.102 The residential property of Drax Abbey Farm is c. 400m to the South and Drax Power Station c.1km to the South. The Site Option would be within the 525m separation distance applied to the proposed site for the White Rose CCS Project Oxyfuel Plant at Drax to the South West and is adjacent to the River Ouse to the North East, which is a navigable waterway and, would require a 175m separation distance. These would place a constraint on the positioning of plant within the site to accommodate the compressor facility outside the separation distance. The combination of these constraints means there is insufficient space within Site Option to locate plant outside the required separation distances.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 63 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Other Considerations

6.2.103 Drax Augustinian Priory Scheduled Monument is located c. 330m immediately South of Site Option and adjacent to the potential site access route (NGR SE 668 284). Pipeline Routeing

6.2.104 Site Option CP8 would require a deviation of 1.5km from the PRC. Pipeline routeing into the site from the DVPP site c.17km to the South would require crossing the Stainforth and Keadby Canal, River Don, River Went, Aire and Calder Navigation, A614 twice, M62, a railway, oil pipeline, River Aire, a natural gas pipeline, A645 and several minor roads. 6.2.105 Pipeline routeing to the North of the A645 would be constrained by separation distances to settlements at Drax and Newland and properties in between, by existing pipelines and Rusholme Wind farm these constraints would be common to all Site Options; however, routeing for a pipeline

carrying CO2 in gaseous phase between the DVPP site and Site Option CP8 would reduce the required separation distances and so ease the routeing constraints at potential ‘pinchpoints’ such as those near East Cowick and to the East of Drax. 6.2.106 Pipeline routeing out of the site would run East to join the PRC. Routeing directly East would require a crossing of the River Ouse and the River Derwent SAC/SSSI. This could be avoided by routeing South East to cross the River Ouse to the East of Long Drax. Future Connections

6.2.107 Routeing of future pipeline links into / out of Site Option CP8 is restricted due the River Ouse and River Derwent SSSI/SAC to the North and North East; required separation distances between Drax village, Long Drax, other properties (including Scurff Hall SAM) and the Rusholme Windfarm to the East; Drax Power Station and associated infrastructure to the South; and Barlow village to the West. Taking into account these restrictions there is potential for future pipeline connections from the North West, North East (which would require a crossing of the River Ouse) and restricted access to the South East. The site would be well located for the White Rose CCS Project and potential emitters to the West, however the combination of constraints to the South East of the site would limit the potential for future pipeline connections from the South East but could be resolved by the use of design measures (see Separation Distances Section 3.1).

6.2.108 Restrictions to pipeline access to/from this Site Option and space restriction within the site due to the proximity of the River Ouse and proposed Oxyfuel plant at Drax Power Station would make this Site Option unviable as a potential multi-junction site. Summary

6.2.109 Option CP8 has been discounted due to its proximity to the River Ouse (navigable waterway, which require175m separation distance) and proposed Oxyfuel Plant at Drax Power Station (for which a separation distance of 525m has been applied). There is not sufficient space remaining within the Site Option to accommodate the plant required for a compressor facility outside the combined separation distances of these constraints. This site has therefore been discounted as a potential compressor site and is not considered further in this options appraisal.

6.3 REMAINING COMPRESSOR SITE LOCATIONS

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 64 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6.3.1 The Options Appraisal has looked at the two remaining potential block valve site locations in more detail. In addition to the descriptions setting out why each Site Option was identified as a potential compressor site location, a summary of environmental, socio-economic, technical and safety and pipeline routeing considerations that have determined the suitability of the site for further consideration is provided and the potential of the site to accommodate future pipeline connections and a multi-junction. Reference should also be made to the tables in Appendix B for more site details and Figures 2 and 3.4 for site locations. Site Option CP5 – Carlton North – North of Wheels Lane, East of Carlton, NGR 466768 424431 (SE 667 244) 6.3.2 This Site Option (28ha) is located within several arable fields, adjacent to an unclassified minor road (Wheels Lane) with potential for screening from adjacent woodland and hedgerow boundaries. There are no adjacent properties. Environment

6.3.3 Eskamhorn Meadows SSSI, Carlton Ings (Unit 2 NGR SE664236) lies approximately 400m to the South West of Site Option CP5, but is separated from the site by a minor road (Wheels Lane) and areas of woodland. 6.3.4 Adjacent woodland to the South of Wheels Lane and hedgerow boundaries to the East, North and West provide some screening around the site which is open to the road to the South. A tree belt to the North West of the Site Option would provide further screening potential. The site is not directly overlooked from residential properties however the site field is visible Wheels Lane to the South and there may be views from a public footpath to the North.. Viewsheds with indicative Zones of Theoretical Visibility (ZTVs) have been prepared for each Site Option taken forward for further consideration to inform the appraisal these are presented in Appendix D. 6.3.5 Some hedgerow boundaries and field trees within the site may need to be removed to accommodate the development. 6.3.6 The southern part of Site Option CP5 is located within a Mineral Safeguarding Area for Brick Clay and on the edge of a coal mining affected area (although no underground workings have been identified). The site is within Flood Zone 2 and 3 (moderate – high risk) but the land benefits from flood defences; and within SPZ III (total catchment). Socio-Economic

6.3.7 The arable field is Grade 2 (BMV) agricultural land. 6.3.8 According to the Selby District Local Plan, the site is located within Open Countryside and therefore has no particular allocation or designation other than the protection of the open countryside for its intrinsic value. 6.3.9 An unclassified minor road, Wheels Lane, runs along the southern boundary of the site, this connects via Mill Lane to the A1041 at Carlton. Access during construction may result in increased traffic levels including Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV) on an unclassified road (Mill Lane/Wheels Lane) with residential properties and on the A1041(T) North through Carlton with shops and a

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 65 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

secondary school. Operational traffic would be minimal with occasional HGV movements required for example during maintenance operations. Technical and Safety

6.3.10 There is sufficient space within the 28ha Site Options to accommodate a compressor site and multi- junction and appropriate landscape planting proposals and a temporary construction working area. 6.3.11 No residential properties, sensitive development or transportation infrastructure has been identified within required separation distances from the Site Options. No dwellings have been identified within 1km of the site. 6.3.12 Although the site is predominantly flat requiring minimal site preparation, the Glaciolacustrine Deposits of clay and silt and areas of alluvium within the site may present difficult and variable ground conditions for construction. 6.3.13 Site Option CP5 has direct access onto an unclassified minor road (Wheels Lane) however the road has a series of bends and roadside boundary features restrict visibility splays. The road is in poor condition showing signs of subsidence and may require considerable upgrading, strengthening and widening to accommodate HGV access. The site would require an access route via c. 2.3km of minor roads (Wheels Lane/ Mill Lane) to the A1041(T) at Carlton High Street to the West. HGV access routes from motorways are available via A roads to this point. There is a weight restriction of 7.5T on the A1041(T) through Snaith to the South. Traffic would therefore run North on the A10141 through Carlton and then either East via the A645 and A614(T) to the M62 at Junction 36 or North to the A19(T) Selby 6.3.14 Access for large vehicles through Carlton, particularly the Mill Lane / High Street (A1041(T)) junction may present a safety challenge. An alternative access may be available for special loads. Further consultation/ assessment is required to confirm safe access / alternative access for HGVs through Carlton and the suitability of Wheels Lane for HGVs. 6.3.15 66kV overhead cables run within the northern Site Options, telecommunication lines are approximately 300m away. A 132kV electricity sub-station is located 2km North of the Site Option at Drax Power Station. New connections would need to be installed. Pipeline Routeing

6.3.16 To route the proposed pipeline through Site Option CP5 would require a deviation of approximately 250m West outside of the PRC. 6.3.17 Routeing of a (gaseous CO2) pipeline into the site from the DVPP site c.12km to the South would be via the PRC until the River Aire and then North West into Site Option CP5. Routeing constraints to the South of the River Aire would be common to both Site Options (CP5 and CP7) and would require crossing the Stainforth and Keadby Canal, River Don, River Went, Aire and Calder Navigation, A614 twice, M62, a railway, oil pipeline, River Aire, and several minor roads. Routeing

for a pipeline carrying CO2 in gaseous phase between the DVPP site and Site Option CP5 would reduce the routeing constraints due to separation distances for example around the ‘pinchpoint’ near East Cowick. Routeing constraints North of the River Aire include the Outer SPZ (SPZII) of Goose House Borehole Pumping Station which can be avoided.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 66 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6.3.18 Routeing of a (liquid CO2) pipeline out of Site Option SP5 would be North East to join the PRC. Routeing constraints include Brock Holes SINC and Fish Pond (NGR SE 673 254), the Outer SPZ (SPZII) of Goose House Borehole Pumping Station which is located to the East of the site; and Eskamhorn Meadows SSSI, and all of which can be avoided. Other routeing constraints include a natural gas pipeline and the A645 and adjacent dismantled railway embankment, both of which would need to be crossed at some point. 6.3.19 Pipeline routeing to the North of the A645 would be constrained by Drax village which requires a 700m separation distance, Rusholme Wind Farm and properties in between including properties in Newland and Scurff Hall SAM and a natural gas pipeline The River Ouse and Trans-pennine Trail would need to be crossed; these constraints would be common to both Site Options. Future Connections

6.3.20 Access to the Site Option for future pipeline connections is restricted by Carlton Towers, and settlements to the South West; Drax Power Station and settlements to the North and East. Road access is also a restriction. However, there is potential for future pipeline connections from the North East, South and West which would make this Site Option suitable for connections from potential emitters to the South West and potentially the White Rose CCS Project to the North. . 6.3.21 Routeing from emitters in the Aire Valley to the West between Carlton and Camblesforth may be constrained by required separation distances but could be resolved by the use of design measures (see Separation Distances Section 3.1). This Site Option is therefore suitable as a potential multi- junction site. Summary

6.3.22 Site Option CP5 has no adjacent residential properties and existing hedgerows and trees provide good screening potential. Although the Site Option has direct access to a minor public road with a relatively short connection to an A road, the poor condition of a section of the road which may require upgrading to allow access for HGVs is a major consideration. In addition, access for HGVs to and from the A1041(T) at Mill Lane junction and through Carlton requires further assessment and consultation (a potential alternative route for occasional HGV access may be available). 6.3.23 The potential road access issues make Site Option CP5 a less favourable option although consultation on these issues may find solutions (e.g. road improvements). Site Option CP7 – Camblesforth – South of A645 near Wade House Lane, NGR 466860 425284 (SE 668 252) 6.3.24 This Site Option (14.6ha) is located to the South of the A645, to the South of Drax village and South East of Drax Power Station, approximately 14km North of the DVPP site, within a large arable field accessed via a farm track from a short section of unclassified road (Wade House Lane) which connects directly to an ‘A’ class road. The site has screening potential from woodland belts, hedgerow trees and a disused railway embankment to the North. There are adjacent residential properties on Wade House Lane. Environment

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 67 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6.3.25 Brock Holes SINC non-statutory wildlife site (NGR SE673254) is located approximately 200m North East of the Site Option. The site is used as a recreational site (Brock Holes Fish Pond) and is also identified as in-filled land with water. 6.3.26 Drax Castle Scheduled Monument (NGR SE 6761 2602) in Drax village is located c.770m to the North East of the site field. The scheduled monument is separated from Site Option CP7 by the A645 and adjacent tree covered disused railway embankment. 6.3.27 Residential properties on Wade House Lane have views towards the site currently partially screened by existing trees and hedgerows; however the site is visible from a public footpath to the South. Existing boundary hedgerows and trees and adjacent woodland plantation such as that around Brock Holes Pond to the North East provide good screening potential which, supplemented by landscape planting, would help to tie the site into the landscape. A tree-covered dismantled railway embankment adjacent to the A645 provides screening from Drax village and Drax Castle SAM to the North. Viewsheds with indicative Zones of Theoretical Visibility (ZTVs) have been prepared for each Site Option taken forward for further consideration to inform the appraisal these are presented in Appendix D. 6.3.28 Site Option CP7 is located within Flood Zone 3 (high risk), is at risk of flooding from reservoirs and is within a SPZ III (total catchment). Socio-Economic

6.3.29 The arable field is Grade 2 (BMV) agricultural land. 6.3.30 According to the Selby District Local Plan, the site is located within Open Countryside and therefore has no particular allocation or designation other than the protection of the open countryside for its intrinsic value. 6.3.31 An un-made farm track runs along the eastern and northern boundaries of the site and connects via a short section of narrow unclassified road with residential properties (Wade House Lane) to an existing junction on the A645. Access during construction may result in increased traffic levels including Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV) on the short section of unclassified minor road (Wade House Lane) with residential properties. Operational traffic would be minimal with occasional HGV movements required for example during maintenance operations. 6.3.32 A public footpath runs along the southern boundary outside the site field. A golf course is located c. 800m to the West with tree belts along the eastern boundary adjacent to a railway. Technical and Safety

6.3.33 There is sufficient space within the 14.6ha site to accommodate a compressor and multi-junction site compound and appropriate landscape planting proposals. There is land available in adjacent fields to accommodate a temporary construction working area. Residential properties on Wade House Lane are located approximately 170m North West from the Site Option however, there is sufficient space within the site fields to locate a compressor and multi-junction outside the required separation distance. 6.3.34 Although the site is flat requiring minimal site preparation, the Glaciolacutrine Deposits may present difficult ground conditions for construction.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 68 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

6.3.35 Site Option CP7 would require approximately 175m of existing farm tracks to be upgraded to accommodate HGV access to/from an unclassified minor road (Wade House Lane) to the North West. Restricted access past houses on Wade House Lane may require approximately 100m of road to be upgraded and widened for access to the A645. The existing road junction of Wade House Lane and the A645 has sufficient visibility splays, additional traffic control measures are likely to be required for occasional HGV access and special loads. HGV access would be from the M62 at Junction 36 via the A614(T) and A645 or from the A19(T) Selby by-pass via the A1041(T) and A645. This access route would not require access through local villages. 6.3.36 66kV overhead electric cables run along the A645 approximately 250m North of the Site Option; telecommunication lines are approximately 175m to the North West. A 132kV electricity sub-station is located 2.4km North of the Site Option at Drax Power Station. Connections would need to be installed. Pipeline Routeing

6.3.37 To route the proposed pipeline through this Site Option would require a deviation of approximately 250m West outside of the PRC and a longer pipeline route.

6.3.38 Routeing of a (gaseous CO2) pipeline into the site from the DVPP site c.13.5km to the South would be via the PRC until the River Aire and then North West into Site Option CP7. 6.3.39 Routeing constraints to the South of the River Aire would be common to both Site Options (see CP5 above).

6.3.40 Routeing constraints North of the River Aire include the Outer SPZ (SPZII) of Goose House Borehole Pumping Station which can be avoided, a natural gas pipeline crossing would be required to access the site.

6.3.41 Routeing of a (liquid CO2) pipeline East out of Site Option SP7 to join the PRC would be restricted by a SPZ (SPZ I/II) around Goose House Borehole Pumping Station which is located to the South East of the site; and Brock Holes SINC and Fish Pond (NGR SE 673 254) to the North East; both of which can be avoided. Other routeing constraints include a natural gas pipeline and the A645 and adjacent dismantled railway embankment, both of which would need to be crossed. 6.3.42 Routeing North out of Site Option SP7 would be restricted by the 700m separation distance required around Drax village and would involve routeing past Drax Castle Scheduled Monument. The A645 and a natural gas pipeline would be additional constraints to pipeline routeing to the South East of Drax. 6.3.43 Further North, pipeline routeing to the East of Drax would be constrained by the separation distance around Drax village, Rusholme Wind Farm and properties in between including properties in Newland and Scurff Hall SAM and a natural gas pipeline. The River Ouse and Trans-pennine Trail would need to be crossed; these constraints would be common to both Site Options. Future Connections

6.3.44 Access to the Site Option for future pipeline connections is restricted by Drax Power Station and settlements to the North, East and South West and would require crossing a natural gas pipeline. However, there is potential for future pipeline connections from the North East, South and West

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 69 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

which would make this Site Option suitable for connections from potential emitters to the South West and potentially the White Rose CCS Project to the North. 6.3.45 Routeing from emitters in the Aire Valley to the West between Carlton and Camblesforth may be constrained by required separation distances but could be resolved by the use of design measures (see Separation Distances Section 3.1). This Site Option is therefore suitable as a potential multi- junction site. Summary

6.3.46 Site Option CP7 has residential properties with views towards the site however, existing hedgerows and trees provide partial screening and good screening potential. 6.3.47 Although the site does not have direct access to the public highway by upgrading existing tracks and a short section of minor road, it does potentially offer the shortest access route to the A road system avoiding access through local villages. 6.3.48 This Site Option would require a slightly longer pipeline route corridor. (see Table 7.1) 6.3.49 Site Option CP7 should be considered further.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 70 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

7 Comparative Analysis 7.1.1 Table 7.1 provides a summary of the environmental, socio-economic, technical and safety aspects pertinent to the two remaining Site Options to allow a comparison of the Site Options. White rows relate to siting considerations and the blue shaded rows relate to constraints to pipeline routeing into / out of the Site Options between the River Aire and River Ouse beginning from and ending at the centreline of the PRC where it crosses those watercourses. Future connections have been addressed separately in the table.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 71 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Table 7.1 Compressor Site Options Appraisal – Summary Comparison Table

Site Options CP5 CP7 Comment Site Option Area (ha) 28 ha 14.6 ha Estimated pipeline length 5.0 km 5.4 km R Aire – R Ouse Sub-Topics ENVIRONMENT Ecology

International sites N/A N/A N/A N/A National sites Eskamhorn Meadows SSSI, Carlton Ings N/A (Unit 2 NGR SE 664 236) lies c.400m to CP5 & CP7 are not within or close to a designated site the South West of the site. Eskamhorn Meadows SSSI would present N/A a constraint to pipeline routeing but is Routeing from CP5 would need to avoid a designated avoidable. sites.

Local sites Brock Holes SINC (Ratified) (NGR SE 673 Brock Holes SINC (Ratified) (NGR SE 673 Only Site Option CP7 is close to a non-statutory wildlife 254), non-statutory wildlife site comprises a 254) is located approximately 200m North site. pond and adjacent vegetation is located East of the potential Site Option. The c.840 m to the North East potential installation would not be within the designated site. Brock Holes SINC, would present a Brock Holes SINC, would present a Routeing from Site Option CP5 and CP7 would need to constraint to pipeline routeing but is constraint to pipeline routeing but is avoid a non-statutory wildlife site avoidable. avoidable.

Cultural Heritage

International sites N/A N/A N/A N/A National sites N/A Drax Castle Scheduled Monument (NGR SE Drax Castle SAM identified in proximity to Site Option 6761 2602) in Drax village is located c.770m CP7 to the North East of the Site Option Scurff Hall Scheduled Monument would Scurff Hall Scheduled Monument would Scurff Hall SAM would be a pipeline routeing constraint present a constraint to pipeline routeing but present a constraint to pipeline routeing but for all options is avoidable. is avoidable.

Regional sites N/A N/A No undesignated monument records identified close to CP5 & CP7

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 72 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Site Options CP5 CP7 Comment

N/A N/A Landscape

National designations N/A N/A N/A N/A Local designations N/A N/A N/A N/A Landscape Character Humberhead Levels NCA 39 Humberhead Levels NCA 39 Both sites within Camblesforth Lowlands LCA - Landscape of Low sensitivity to large scale Camblesforth Lowlands LCA Camblesforth Lowlands LCA infrastructure development, would accommodate Selby District Selby District proposed development Visual Amenity Not overlooked by any residential Residential properties to c.170m NW have Site Options CP5 is not overlooked from residential properties or significant recreational sites. views towards the site screened by properties. hedgerow boundary trees. The site would be visible from a minor Site Options CP7 - residential properties with partially public road to the South. The site would be visible from a public screened views towards site. footpath which runs along the southern No residential properties identified within boundary outside the Site Option. Both sites have good screening potential 1km. Drax village c.775m North screened by tree- Good screening potential covered dis-used railway embankment along A645

Good screening potential

Air Quality Scoped out

Noise and Vibration No noise sensitive receptors identified Residential Properties on Wade House Lane Site Option CP5 no noise sensitive receptors identified. within 500m (170m North West) High - Residential properties in quiet location (old railway Site Option CP7 has potential noise sensitive receptors embankment screens the A645 and Drax <200m away. Power Station) <200m from the site.

Brock Holes (600m East). Low – Residential properties in quiet location >500m from the site.

Brock Holes Fish Lake approximately 200m North East. Moderate – Natural Area used for public amenity 200m from the site.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 73 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Site Options CP5 CP7 Comment Trans-Pennine Trail long distance multi- Trans-Pennine Trail long distance multi-use Pipeline routeing generally > 175m from dwellings, use path in quiet rural location. Very High - path in quiet rural location. Very High - construction considerations similar for all Site Options. pipeline construction works for River Ouse pipeline construction works for River Ouse crossing within 50m crossing within 50m Soil and Geology

Designated Geological N/A N/A Sites N/A N/A Mineral resources Southern part of site is within Mineral N/A Site Option CP5 within Mineral Safeguard Area Safeguarding Area for Brick Clay According to Coal Authority data site is on the boundary of a coal mining affected area to the South Potential contamination / N/A Brock Holes Fish Pond approximately 200m None of the Site Options contain in-filled land. made ground North East of Site Option CP7 is identified as in-filled land with water. 2 units of potentially contaminative historic 2 units of potentially contaminative historic Routeing from both Site Options would need to avoid land use would be a constraint to pipeline land use would be a constraint to pipeline Brock Holes Fish Pond routeing North of River Aire routeing North of River Aire

Brock Holes Fish Pond (in-filled land with Brock Holes Fish Pond (in-filled land with water) would be a constraint to pipeline water) would be a constraint to pipeline routeing but avoidable. routeing but avoidable. Water

Flood Risk Site Option CP5 is within EA Flood Zone 2 Site Option CP7 is within EA Flood Zone 3. Site Option CP5 is within Flood Zone 2 & 3. & 3 (moderate – high risk). At risk of flooding from reservoirs. Site Option CP7 is within Flood Zone 3. At risk of flooding from reservoirs.

Requires crossing EA Flood Zone 2 & 3 Requires crossing EA Flood Zone 2 & 3 Routeing to both sites would require crossing extensive areas of Flood Zone. Source Protection Zones Site Option CP5 is located within SPZ III Site Option CP7 is located within SPZ III Both Site Options are within SPZ III. (total catchment). (total catchment). Routeing within SPZ III (total catchment). Routeing within SPZ III (total catchment). Routeing for both Site Options would cross SPZIII. Unavoidable. Unavoidable. SPZ II may restrict routeing. SPZ II may restrict routeing Watercourses Soughs Bottom Drain crosses Site Option Deep ditch along southern site boundary. Drain crosses Site Option CP5 CP5 (West to East) Other water features Pond on southern boundary of site. Ponds to North West not within Site Option Pond within Site Option CP5 Main Rivers River Aire River Aire Both Site Options require pipeline crossing of R Aire &

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 74 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Site Options CP5 CP7 Comment River Ouse River Ouse R Ouse Other watercourses Dam Dike / Goosehouse Drain Dam Dike / Goosehouse Drain Both Site Options require pipeline crossing several field Willow Row Drain Willow Row Drain drains Lowfield Drain Lowfield Drain Several un-named drains Several un-named drains

Resources and waste Scoped out

Greenhouse gases and Scoped out Energy efficiency Climate change Scoped out vulnerability

SOCIO-ECONOMIC Land Use Site Option CP5 is located within an arable Site Option CP7 is located within an arable Both Site Options are on BMV land. field classified as ALC Grade 2. (BMV field classified as ALC Grade 2. (BMV Land) Land) Rusholme Wind Farm would present a Rusholme Wind Farm would present a constraint to pipeline routeing but is constraint to pipeline routeing but is avoidable. avoidable.

Recreation Public footpath c.300m to North Brock Holes Fish Pond approx. 200m North Site Option CP7 is near a recreation site. East of Site Option CP7 is a fishing lake. Public footpath along southern boundary outside of Site Option Pipeline routeing would require a crossing Pipeline routeing would require a crossing of Trans-pennine Trail would be crossed by a pipeline of Trans-Pennine Trail Trans-Pennine Trail route for both Site Options.

Brock Holes Fish Pond would present a Brock Holes Fish Pond would present a constraint to pipeline routeing but constraint to pipeline routeing but avoidable. avoidable. Tourism N/A N/A N/A N/A Residential Areas and Carlton (shops and secondary school) on CP7 does not require access through a local village. Community Facilities potential access route to Site Option CP5.

Drax village would present a constraint to Drax village would present a constraint to Drax is a pipeline routeing constraint for both Site pipeline routeing but is avoidable. pipeline routeing but is avoidable. Options

Traffic and transport Access via unclassified roads (Mill Access via a short section of narrow Increased traffic levels including Heavy Goods Vehicles

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 75 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Site Options CP5 CP7 Comment Lane/Wheels Lane) with residential unclassified road with residential properties (HGV) during construction only. properties and A1041(T) North of Carlton. (Wade House Lane) and A645.

Roads Potential pipeline crossings required: Potential pipeline crossings required: Similar road crossings for pipeline route to/from both Wheels Lane Wheels Lane Site Options A645 A645 New Lane (avoidable) New Lane (avoidable) Brier Lane Brier Lane Rusholme Lane Rusholme Lane Main Street/High Street Main Street/High Street Railways Potential pipeline crossings required: Potential pipeline crossings required: Both Site Options would require pipeline route through No Railways No Railways a dismantled railway Dismantled railway adjacent A645 Dismantled railway adjacent A645 Aviation and defence N/A N/A No airfields or defence installations identified

N/A N/A Infrastructure Major Pipelines Potential pipeline crossings required: Potential pipeline crossings required: Both Site Options would require pipeline crossings 1 No. 750-1200mm diameter gas pipelines 1 No. 750-1200mm diameter gas pipelines (unavoidable) (unavoidable) High Voltage Overhead N/A N/A No HV Overhead Electric Lines identified Electric Lines TECHNICAL & SAFETY Technical Topography The site topography is flat with some The site topography is flat. hollows to the West of the site.

Generally flat ground for pipeline routeing Generally flat ground for pipeline routeing Ground Conditions Glaciolacustrine Deposits of Clay and Silt Glaciolacustrine Deposits of Clay and Silt Both sites are on Glaciolacustrine deposits, Site Option and alluvium may present difficult ground may present difficult ground conditions for CP5 has areas of alluvium. conditions for construction. construction. Pipeline routeing through alluvium Pipeline routeing through alluvium unavoidable unavoidable Access Requirements Direct access off unclassified minor road Access to this site would require Site Options CP5 has direct access to minor road but (Wheels Lane) however the road is in poor approximately 175m of existing farm tracks poor road condition may require upgrading for access condition and may require considerable to be upgraded to accommodate HGV traffic upgrading to accommodate HGV access. to/from the public highway (unclassified Site Option CP7 requires upgrading of farm tracks/ road minor road Wade House Lane). to access public highway..

Restricted access past houses on Wade House Lane may require (c.100m) road to

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 76 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Site Options CP5 CP7 Comment be upgraded and widened for access to the A645. Services Electricity: Overhead 66kV cable on Electricity: 66kV overhed line runs W-E Site Options CP5 has closest 66kV supply. cables. wooden poles runs E-W across field within c.600m South and c. 250m North of the Site northern part of the site. Option. Site Option CP7 is closest to a 132kV supply and has closest telecommunications connections. 132kV sub-station at Drax power station 132kV sub-station at Drax Power Station is c.2km North c.1.2km to the North also HV OHL c.675m North West Telecommunications: The nearest identified telecommunications are at Goose Telecommunications: The nearest identified House Yorkshire Water pumping station telecommunications are at properties on c.300m to East. Wade House Lane c.175m to North West.

Pipeline Route To route the proposed pipeline through this To route the proposed pipeline through this Site Option would require a deviation of Site Option would require a deviation of approximately 500m West outside of the approximately 500m West outside of the PRC. PRC.

SAFETY AND SECURITY Proximity to Dwellings No dwellings have been identified within Residential dwellings identified on Wade Both Site Options would accommodate a site greater 1km of the site. House Lane 170m from the Site Option. than 175m from residential properties. The nearest property lies within the 175m building proximity distance however, there is sufficient space within the Site Option to locate the installation outwith the 175m separation distance.

The residential property at Brock Holes lies 600m to the East Safe access from / to the The Site Option would allow direct access The Site Option would require access to Site Option CP5 has direct access to minor road but public highway and main onto an unclassified minor road, however, Wade House Lane via an un-made farm Wheels Lane is in poor condition. HGV access road network the road has a series of bends at this point, track which would need to be upgraded. restricted through Carlton (alternative access potentially the road is narrow, undulating and in poor Wade House Lane is a narrow lane past a available) condition showing signs of subsidence with row of houses which connects directly to the hedged roadside boundary features A645. There is an existing junction with the Site Option CP7 would require access via farm tracks to restricting visibility. A645 with sufficient visibility. (Traffic controls public road and A645 (traffic controls may be required may be required for HGV access) for HGVs). The minor road (Wheels Lane / Mill Lane)

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 77 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Site Options CP5 CP7 Comment connects to the A1041 at Carlton, c.2.3km HGV access would be from the M62 at to West. Access through Carlton may Junction 36 via the A614(T) and A645 or present a restriction for HGV access to the from the A19(T) Selby by-pass via the site. (Potential alternative access for HGVs A1041(T) and A645. available)

HGV access would be from the M62 at Junction 36 via the A614(T), A645 and A1041(T) or from the A19(T) Selby by-pass via the A1041(T). There is a weight restriction of 7.5T on the A1041(T) through Snaith to the South.

Road infrastructure adequate for pipeline Road infrastructure adequate for pipeline construction access using A645. River construction access using A645. River Ouse Ouse would be a lock out. would be a lock out. Proximity of high density The site is not adjacent to a high density The site is not adjacent to a high density routes (trunk roads/ route (road or rail). route (road or rail). railway)

Future Connections Access to the Site Option for future Access to the Site Option for future pipeline Both Site Options have similar constraints for future pipeline connections is restricted by Drax connections is restricted by Drax Power pipeline connections. Pipeline access to CP7 would Power Station and settlements to the Station and settlements to the North, East require crossing a natural gas pipeline. North, East and South West. and South West and would require crossing a natural gas pipeline. The location of the site would accommodate connections from the North The location of the site would accommodate East, South and West (although access connections from the North East, South and between Camblesforth and Carlton may West (although access between require special design measures due to Camblesforth and Carlton may require separation distance requirements). special design measures due to separation distance requirements). Site Option would be suitable for a potential multi-junction site. Site Option would be suitable for a potential multi-junction site.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 78 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

7.2 ROUTEING CONSIDERATIONS

7.2.1 For the purpose of this comparative appraisal, pipeline routeing constraints have been considered for a section between River Aire and River Ouse. Site Option CP7 would require a slightly longer pipeline route corridor than Site Option CP5. 7.2.2 Pipeline routeing into both Site Options would follow the PRC up to Rawcliffe and the River Aire and would therefore have the same routeing constraints and crossing requirements. Routeing for a

pipeline carrying CO2 in gaseous phase between the DVPP site and both Site would reduce the routeing constraints due to separation distances for example around the ‘pinchpoint’ near East Cowick. 7.2.3 Both Site Options have similar routeing constraints in the vicinity of the sites including: - 2 areas of potentially contaminative historical land use near River Aire; - Goose House borehole SPZ (SPZ I/II); 7.2.4 These constraints are avoidable with careful pipeline routeing. 7.2.5 Routeing into Site Option CP7 would require crossing an existing natural gas pipeline. 7.2.6 Pipeline routeing out of both Site Options would have similar constraints including: - Brock Holes SINC (fishing pond and in-filled land with water); - Goose House borehole SPZ (SPZ I/II); - Drax village (700m separation distance) to the West; - Rusholme Wind Farm to the East; - A number of dwellings including Scurff Hall SAM in between; and would require crossing: - an existing natural gas pipeline; - A645 and associated dismantled railway; - Several minor roads; ; and - River Ouse and Trans-Pennine Trail. 7.2.7 Routeing out of SPZ5 would need to avoid part of Eskamhorn Meadows SSSI. 7.2.8 Routeing to both Site Options would require crossing extensive areas of Flood Zone (2 & 3) and SPZ III (Total Catchment), both Site Options would require minor drain crossings.

7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

Ecology 7.3.1 Neither of the potential compressor Site Options would be within designated ecological sites. Site Option CP7 is located 200m from Brock Holes SINC a non-statutory wildlife site. Cultural Heritage 7.3.2 Drax Castle SAM is located c.770m to the North East of Site Option CP7 but is separated from the site by the A645 and adjacent tree-covered disused railway embankment.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 79 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

7.3.3 No designated cultural heritage sites or un-designated monument records have been identified within Site Option CP5. Landscape and Visual 7.3.4 Both the sites options are within a rural agricultural landscape influenced by industrial installations such as Drax Power Station which is a prominent feature within the landscape; assessed to be of low sensitivity to large scale infrastructure development. 7.3.5 Site Options CP5 is not directly overlooked by residential properties and existing hedgerows and trees offer good screening potential. 7.3.6 Site Options CP7 has residential properties within 200m, with views towards the site partially screened by hedgerows and trees and a public footpath along the southern site boundary, otherwise the site is well screened and offers good screening potential.

Noise 7.3.7 No noise sensitive receptors are identified for Site Option CP5. 7.3.8 Site Option CP7 has residential properties approximately 170m away which have been assessed as potential noise sensitive receptor of High sensitivity. Soil and Geology 7.3.9 The southern part of Site Option CP5 is within a Mineral Safeguard Area for Brick Clay and according to the Coal Authority data is on the boundary of a coal mining affected area. Neither of the Site Options contains potentially contaminated or in-filled land. Brock Holes Fish Pond approximately 200m from CP7 is identified as in-filled land with water. Water 7.3.10 Site Option CP5 is within Flood Zone 2 and 3 (moderate – high risk), Site Options CP7 is within Flood Zone 3 (high risk), both Site Options are within land at risk of flooding from reservoirs. A deep ditch (Soughs Bottom Drain) crosses Site Option CP5. 7.3.11 Both the Site Options are located within SPZ III (Total Catchment) for a public water supply.

7.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS

Land Use 7.4.1 Both Site Options are within agricultural land graded as BMV land.

Recreation 7.4.2 Brock Holes Fish Pond fishing lake is approximately 200m from Site Option CP7 but is screened by surrounding trees. A public footpath runs adjacent the southern boundary of the Site Option outside the site.

Residential Areas and Community Facilities 7.4.3 Site Option CP7 is the only option that does not require access through a local village (see below).

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 80 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Traffic and Transport 7.4.4 Site Option CP5 is likely to require increased traffic levels including heavy goods vehicles through Carlton with residential properties, shops and a secondary school, during construction. 7.4.5 Site Option CP7 does not require access through local villages.

7.5 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Topography and Ground Conditions 7.5.1 The topography of all the Site Options is generally flat. 7.5.2 The superficial geology is likely to present difficult or variable conditions. Both Site Options are on Glaciolacustrine deposits, CP5 also has areas of alluvium.. Access Requirements / Safe Access to the Public Highway and main road network 7.5.3 Site Options CP5 has direct access to minor unclassified roads. However, the poor road condition of Wheels Lane may require upgrading for access to the site and would require access through Carlton village with potential restrictions for HGV access (a potential alternative access for occasional special loads may be available). 7.5.4 Site Option CP7 would require upgrading of farm tracks/ road to access the public highway. Services 7.5.5 Site Options CP5 has the closest 66kV electricity supply cables identified. 7.5.6 Site Option CP7 is closest to a 132kV electricity supply and has the closest telecommunications cables identified. Proximity to Dwellings 7.5.7 Both Site Options would accommodate a site greater than 175m separation distance from residential properties or major service installations. Proximity to high density routes (trunk roads / railways) 7.5.8 Neither of the Site Options are adjacent to high density routes.

Future Connections 7.5.9 Both Site Options have similar constraints for future pipeline connections with potential for future connections from emitters to the South East, within the Aire Valley to the West and from the White Rose CCS Project to the North. Restrictions to routeing such as proximity distances between Camblesforth and Carlton to the West could be resolved by the application of design measures such as concrete protection or even thicker pipe. Pipeline access to CP7 would require crossing a natural gas pipeline.

7.6 COST CONSIDERATIONS

7.6.1 The cost of constructing a compressor is likely to be similar wherever the compressor is located. Each site would contain the same elements the only likely variation would be site preparation and

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 81 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

road access which are a comparatively small part of the overall costs and the length of pipeline that is likely to be required to / from the site. Those Site Options requiring a longer pipeline would therefore cost relatively more than those requiring a shorter pipeline. At this stage a pipeline route has not been identified for each Site Option, however an estimated length of route corridor within which a pipeline would be routed to/from each Site Option measured between the River Aire and the River Ouse is included in Table 7.1 for the purpose of comparison. Site Option CP 7 would require a slightly longer route corridor. 7.6.2 The relative costs have to be weighed up against the environmental and socio-economic benefits of a particular site over another and technical and safety considerations. 7.6.3 .Given the level of information available, cost is not considered to be a factor that would help to differentiate between the two Site Options at this stage.

8 Conclusions 8.1.1 Of the eight Site Options initially assessed, two have been taken forward for further consideration and comparative analysis. From the analysis carried out Site Options CP5 has been identified as the least preferable principally due to the poor condition of the road access and potential restrictions on HGV access through Carlton village. Site Option CP7 has been identified as the most preferable Site Option at this stage. Both Site Options would be suitable for a compressor facility with a multi- junction. 8.1.2 It is recommended that both Site Options CP5 and CP7 are taken forward for further consideration and consultation. 8.1.3 Further consultation would be undertaken to consider the issues around HGV access through Carlton; road improvements to facilitate access to/from Site Option CP5; and the viability of using the Wade House Lane access off the A645 to serve Site Option CP7.

8.2 SUMMER 2012 CONSULTATION

8.2.1 Consultation on these compressor site options and the pipeline route corridor through the AoS to and from them was carried out during Summer 2012. Feedback received will be taken into account and along side other considerations will inform the selection of a compressor site. 8.2.2 Based on the appraisal of routeing considerations presented in Section 5.0 of this report it has been considered appropriate to refine the extent of the PRC through the AoS. The PRC illustrated in yellow in Figures 2, 3.4 and 3.5 was shown at the public consultation along with details of the compressor sites. 8.2.3 For the purpose of the public consultation, the compressor site options identified for further consideration in this report are identified on the consultation display maps in chronological order. This is in order to ensure that the maps are easy to understand by members of the public and other interested parties who may not have any prior knowledge of the site options appraisal process. Copies of the consultation display maps for use during the public consultation and details of the

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 82 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

numbering applied are included in Appendix F for information. Feedback forms provided at public consultation days and on the project website use the numbering from the consultation display maps as follows.

8.2.4 For the purposes of the summer 2012 consultation, compressor Site Option CP5 identified in this report is marked as compressor station Siting Option A1 on the consultation display maps and compressor Site Option CP7 as identified in this report is marked at compressor station Siting Option A2 on the consultation map.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 83 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

9 References

Census Office for National Statistics Neighbourhood Statistics 2001 (www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk)

Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council Doncaster Unitary Development Plan (July 1998)

Doncaster Borough Council Landscape Character & Capacity Assessment of Doncaster Borough (March 2007)

East Riding of Yorkshire Landscape Character Assessment (November 2005)

East Riding of Yorkshire Holderness District Wide Local Plan 1999

East Riding of Yorkshire Beverley Borough Local Plan 1996

East Riding of Yorkshire East Yorkshire Borough Wide Local Plan 1997

Institute of Gas Engineers (IGE) Recommendations on Transmission and Distribution Practice IGE/TD/1 Steel Pipelines for High Pressure Gas Transmission Edition 5

Natural England National Character Areas (http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/landscape/englands/character/areas/default.aspx)

Selby District Council Landscape Assessment of Selby District (January 1999)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture Transportation and Storage Strategic Options Appraisal Report National Grid (June 2011)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture Transportation and Storage Route Corridor Study MWH (November 2011)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture Transportation and Storage Feedback Report on Stage One Consultation, Camargue (November 2011)

Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture Transportation and Storage Project Selection of Preferred Corridor Report National Grid (November 2011)

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 84 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

10 Glossary of Terms

Above Ground These are structures and engineering such as elements of block valves and pumping stations Installation that would be required to be above the ground.

Alluvium Material transported by rivers and deposited along its course.

Aquifer A body of permeable rock that is capable of storing significant quantities of water; is undertaken by impermeable material, and through which groundwater moves.

Area of Search The term given to a wide area within which the route corridors are identified.

Areas of Areas designated by the Countryside Commission under the National Parks and Access to Outstanding Natural Countryside Act 1949 for their particularly attractive landscape and unspoilt character, which Beauty should be protected and enhanced as part of the national heritage.

Block Valves Block valves are required for isolation and monitoring of the pipeline. These would include buried pipework, valves, an instrument building and a vent stack.

Carbon capture, The process whereby carbon dioxide emissions from power stations and industrial facilities are transportation and captured at the source before being compressed and transported to be injected under high storage pressure into depleted oil and gas fields or natural saline geological formations, either onshore or offshore.

Compressor A compressor would be required to compress the carbon dioxide prior to transportation along the pipeline.

Conservation Area Designated by District Councils on account of their special architectural or historic interest, the character and appearance of which it is intended to preserve and enhance.

Corridor Search area used to provide a degree of flexibility in which to develop a route proposal.

Cul de sac working See Lock-out Section.

Environmental The process by which the impacts of a proposed development upon all aspects of the receiving Impact Assessment environment are identified and analysed.

Environmental Document that reports the findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment. Statement

Eutrophication A process where water bodies receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 85 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Excavatability A measure of the material to be dug with conventional excavation equipment.

Local Nature Statutory designation made under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949, Reserve and amended by the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, by local authorities to maintain and enhance their special wildlife and geology and provide access to nature for local communities.

Lock-out Section. These are also referred to as cul de sac working. These are areas of the development where the working width cannot be continuous due to there being no practicable method of crossing an engineering obstacle, e.g. a railway or large river. The transportation of mechanical equipment avoiding the obstacle – is required to utilise the same access for both access and egress on both sides of the obstacle - resulting in increased traffic through the access and spread.

National Unscheduled archaeological sites and features recorded by English Heritage. Monuments Record

National Nature Designated areas by Natural England that represent many of the finest wildlife and geological Reserve sites in the country.

Navigable In the context of this document, rivers that can accommodate leisure craft and commercial boats.

Oxyfuel A technology that burns oxygen with gaseous fuel

Planning On 1 April 2012, under the Localism Act 2011, the Planning Inspectorate became the agency Inspectorate responsible for operating the planning process for nationally significant infrastructure projects (NSIPs). The Planning Inspectorate examines the application and would make a recommendation to the relevant Secretary of State, who would make the decision on whether to grant or to refuse development consent.

Proximity Distance The distance the pipeline can be located to property, structures and populated areas.

Pumping station A pumping station would be required to re-pressurise the carbon dioxide before it is piped offshore. The proposed location of this pumping station would be determined, following a site options appraisal and further investigations.

Ramsar site A site as set out in the Ramsar Convention (Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitats) (1971). The convention was held in the town of Ramsar, Iran.

Route Corridor Search area used to provide a degree of flexibility in which to develop a route proposal.

Route Corridor An appraisal of the high-level planning and environmental constraints to identify potential route Study corridor options within a defined Area of Search.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 86 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Scheduled An archaeological site of national importance, which is included on a schedule compiled by the Monuments Secretary of State for National Heritage under the terms of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas act 1979 (as amended by the National Heritage Act 1983).

Sites of Special An area of land of special interest by reason of its flora, fauna, geology or physiographical Scientific Interest features notified under section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.

Special Areas of Protected sites designated under the EC Habitats Directive. The listed habitat types and species Conservation are those considered to be most in need of conservation at a European level (excluding birds).

Special Protection Areas selected by the national government on the advice of English Nature, designated for the Area protection of particularly sensitive bird species, or for regularly migrating birds.

Source Protection Designated protection area around drinking water supplies. Zone

Topography The physical features or configuration of a land surface.

Trafficability The capacity of a soil to support vehicle movement. This is influenced by soil shear strength and surface friction, ground pressure and vehicle wheel or track configuration.

Traffic Management It sets out how traffic would be managed at all stages during a construction project. Plan

Tree Preservation Tree Preservation Orders are made under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and the Order Town and Country Planning (Trees) Regulations 1999 to protect trees.

Workability This ease with which soils can be worked; and effects upon the restoration process over the working width. It is related to soil drainage status, soil texture, local climate and, therefore, to the safe working period and is closely associated with the trafficability considerations.

World Heritage Site Places of ‘outstanding universal value’ selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). Sites can be selected because they contain important cultural or natural features.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 87 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

APPENDIX A

A1 OPTIONS APPRAISAL METHODOLOGY

A1.1 Environmental Considerations

The following environmental topic areas have been taken into consideration:

Ecology

Relevant legislation and policy includes:  The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010;  The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended);  The Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000;  The Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006; 5  National Planning Policy Framework (replaces Planning Policy Statement PPS9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation);  Circular 06/2005: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation – Statutory Obligations and Their Impact Within the Planning System (in conjunction with NPPF)  The UK Biodiversity Action Plan and other relevant BAPs; and, potentially  Regional and/or Local Planning Authority policies relating to nature conservation.

In order to allow for different Site Options to be differentiated on the basis of their ecological constraints, sites or features not only of International and/or National importance for nature conservation but also regional (and potentially local) importance have been identified at this stage. These include:  Special Areas of Conservation (SAC);  Special Protection Areas (SPA);  Ramsar Sites;  Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI);  National Nature Reserves (NNR);  Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC)/County Wildlife Sites (CWS); and  Local Nature Reserves (LNR).

Areas of UK Biodiversity Action Plan habitat are likely to be protected under one of the above designations. County records for UKBAP and/or other relevant BAP Priority Species have been noted where available but have not been treated as material consideration. Such records are inconsistent both in terms of the distribution of coverage and the age of the records. The absence of a record does not necessarily indicate the absence of a species and old records may present an inaccurate picture of the current distribution of a species. Therefore it would not be appropriate to rely on such records when assessing Site Options.

Cultural Heritage

Relevant legislation and policy includes:  The Scheduled Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979;  The Town and Country Planning Act 1990;  National Planning Policy Framework (replaces PPS 5: Planning for the Historic Environment); and  Regional and/or Local Planning Authority policies relating to cultural heritage, including archaeology, built heritage and historic landscape.

In order to allow for different Site Options to be differentiated on the basis of their cultural heritage constraints, sites or features of sufficient importance or scale for cultural heritage have been identified at this stage. These include:

5 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) Paragraph 3 notes that the Framework does not contain specific policies for nationally significant infrastructure projects (such as the Yorkshire and Humber CCS Project). These are determined in accordance with the decision making framework set out in the Planning Act 2008 and relevant national policy statements for major infrastructure, as well as any other matters that are considered both important and relevant (which may include the NPPF).

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 88 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

 World Heritage Sites;  Scheduled Ancient Monuments;  Registered Historic Parks and Gardens;  Registered Battlefields;  Conservation Areas;  Listed Buildings;  Archaeological sites which could be considered to be of regional significance; and  Historic townscape or built-up areas with important historic integrity in their buildings or built settings.

Landscape

Relevant legislation and policy includes:  The European Landscape Convention 2006;

 The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 as amended by the Environment Act 1995;

 The Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000;

 National Planning Policy Framework (replaces Planning Policy Statements PPS1: Delivering Sustainable Development, PPS7: Sustainable Development in Rural Areas and PPS22: Renewable Energy);

 The National Policy Statements (NPS) for Energy Infrastructure, in particular the Overarching NPS EN1 and the NPS for Electricity Networks Infrastructure EN5;

 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979;

 Regional and/or Local Planning Authority policies relating to landscape and visual amenity.

Those landscape constraints that would allow differentiation between Site Options and thus represent a material consideration in the decision-making process at this level including national and regional as well as local landscape character and locally designated landscapes and features of a smaller geographical scale have been identified at this stage. These include:  Landscape Designations: o National Parks; o Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty; o Heritage Coasts; o World Heritage Sites (where the inscription directly relates to the conservation or enhancement of a landscape); o Local landscape designations (AGLV, SLA etc.); o Registered Parks and Gardens;  Landscape Character: o National Character Areas; o Regional or local LCAs;

The local landscape character and landscape features were assessed during site visits.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 89 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Visual Amenity

In order to assess the performance of different options in visual terms, it is necessary to identify, for each option, the potential visual receptors6 in the vicinity of each Site Option. The visual receptors identified for this appraisal include:  Residential receptors as represented by settlements;  National trails;  Regional trails;  Sustrans cycle routes;  Important viewpoints (e.g. views from prominent landmarks or those marked on Ordnance Survey maps);  Designated recreational areas (e.g. country parks, CROW access land); and  Outdoor recreational facilities (e.g. canals, caravan parks, mountain bike centres).

Viewsheds with indicative Zones of Theoretical Visibility (ZTVs) have been prepared for each Site Option taken forward for further consideration to inform the appraisal. Viewsheds have been generated using the following parameters Structure Height 20m 15m and 3m above ground level (AGL) and Viewshed Radius 1.0km and 2.0km. The software used has taken into account topography and some other features such as woodland which may screen the sites from views.

Air quality

Relevant air quality legislation and policy includes:  Environment Act 1995;  The Air Quality Standards Regulations 2010;  National Planning Policy Framework (replaces PPS23: Planning and Pollution Control);  The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010; and  Local Planning Authority air quality policies

In order to assess the performance of different options with regard to air quality, it is necessary to identify potential ‘receptors’. These may include:

 Internationally and nationally designated Ecological Sites with air quality sensitive features;  Air Quality Management Areas;  Areas of high baseline pollutant concentrations.

Local authorities in the UK have statutory duties for managing local air quality under Part IV of the Environment Act. They are required to carry out regular reviews and assessments of air quality in their area against standards and objectives prescribed in regulations for the purpose of local air quality management (LAQM). The aim of the review is to assist authorities in carrying out their statutory duty to work towards meeting the national air quality objectives. If a local authority finds any places where the objectives are not likely to be achieved, it must declare an Air Quality Management Area there and undertake an Air Quality Action Plan to improve the air quality in that area.

According to the DEFRA website, neither Selby District Council nor ERYC has declared any Air Quality Management Areas.

Potential effects on local air quality associated with the construction phase would be similar for all Site Options and would be relatively short-term (e.g. dust as a result of earthworks / exposed surfaces during dry weather and construction vehicle exhaust emissions). Standard construction practices such as dust suppression and speed restriction for construction vehicles in the vicinity of sensitive receptors would be capable of avoiding, minimising and/or mitigating any such effects.

6 The term ‘visual receptor’ or ‘receptor’ is used here to refer to any person or group of people whose visual amenity may be affected by the construction or operation of the proposed option.

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 90 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

No direct emissions would be released from the compressor sites during normal operations. Venting at compressors would be an irregular event for example controlled manual venting during maintenance operations to vent (fully or partially) an adjacent section of pipeline.

In this case, Air Quality has therefore not been identified as a topic that would assist in the differentiation of the potential Site Options and has therefore been scoped out of the Site Options Appraisal.

Noise and vibration

Relevant legislation and policy includes:  Control of Pollution Act 1974: Sections 60 and 61 of the Control of Pollution Act 1974 cover noise and vibration from construction sites;  National Planning Policy Framework (replaces Planning Policy Guidance PPG24: Planning and Noise);  BS 8233:1999 ‘Noise insulation and noise reduction for buildings’: For noise from mixed sources;  BS 4142- 1997 Method for the rating of industrial noise affecting mixed residential and industrial areas;  BS 5228- 2009 Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Open Sites. Part 1-Noise;  BS 5228- 2009 Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Open Sites. Part 2-Vibration;  World Health Organisation night-time noise guidelines.

In order to assess the performance of different options with regard to noise and vibration potential receptors sensitive to noise and vibration have been identified, these included the following noise sensitive receptor types:  Residential  Education establishments such as schools and colleges  Health care facilities such as hospitals, hospices, clinics  Places of worship  Buildings of historic importance (damage from vibration effects)  Natural areas (used for amenity access) and

The valuation of each sensitive receptor has been determined by the proximity of the receptor to the Site Option. Distance from noise source is often the most significant form of attenuation. The value assigned to receptor locations has been applied as follows:

Distance Valuation <100m Very High 100m to 200m High 200 to 500m Moderate >500m Low

The risk associated with receptor location areas has been described as follows:

Ambient Noise Valuation Quiet rural Very High Quiet residential, no High major roads Residential near major Moderate roads

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 91 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

Residential near major Low roads, industry

Potential receptors located near major roads, railway lines or industrial areas would be described as a noisy location. Background noise levels would be higher in these areas, making operational noise effects less noticeable (although it should be noted that this might not be true at night when noise levels can fall very low especially in the early hours).

Receptor locations away from busy roads, railway lines and industry have been regarded as quiet. Background noise levels would be lower in these areas, resulting in more stringent requirements for operational noise abatement measures (although it should be noted that some locations can be noisy due to natural background noise, e.g. running water).

Ambient Noise

Receptor near Residential Quiet residential, no major roads, near major Quiet rural major roads industry roads

<100m High High Very High Very High

100m to 200m Moderate Moderate High High

200 to 500m Low Low Moderate Moderate

>500m Low Low Low Low Distance

The table above has been used to allocate a value to the receptor, combining distance from the Site Option and the assessment of the ambient noise environment.

The main noise sources associated with a compressor would arise during construction and during the operational phase, when controlled inventory release may be required during maintenance or commissioning operations. These potential effects would be short term. The compressor units would be housed within soundproof enclosures. During normal operation noise and vibration generated from a compressor would be within required limits.

Soils and Geology

Relevant legislation and policy includes:  European Geoparks Network;  The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended);  Environment Act 1995;  Environmental Protection Act 1990, Part IIA;  The Soil Strategy for England (Defra, 2009);  National Planning Policy Framework (replaces PPS7: Sustainable Development in Rural Areas, PPS9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation, PPS23: Planning and Pollution Control and Minerals Policy Statement 1: Planning and Minerals);  Technical Guidance to the National Planning Policy Framework (retains the main elements of existing Minerals Policy Statements and Minerals Planning Guidance Notes); and  Regional and/or Local Planning Authority policies relating to soils, geology and contaminated land.

In order to allow for different Site Options to be differentiated on the basis of their soil and geology constraints, sites or features not only of International and/or National importance for geology, but also regional importance have been identified. These include:  Geoparks;

10-2574-RPT-0015 Rev 1 Page 92 of 162 October 2012 Yorkshire and Humber Carbon Capture, Transportation & Storage Project: Compressor Site Options Appraisal

 Geological Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI); and  Local Geodiversity Sites (previously known as Regionally Important Geological and Geomorphological Sites).

The geology and soils characteristics have been taken into account and noted. In addition areas of potential contaminated land, active and historic landfill sites and waste treatment sites have been identified.

This sub-topic has also taken into account mineral resources. Information about active and dormant minerals sites, Mineral Safeguard Areas and Preferred Candidate Areas for mineral extraction have been identified from Local Minerals Plans.

Water

Relevant legislation includes:  The Water Resources Act 1991  The Environment Act 1995 (which establishes Environment Agency powers and duties for protection of water resources, flood defence, fisheries, recreation, conservation and navigation.)  The Flood and Water Management Act 2010 defines the roles and responsibilities of the Environment Agency, Local Authorities and others in managing flood risk.

The national and regional policy documents supporting the legislation include:  National Planning Policy Framework (replaces PPS25 Development and Flood Risk and PPS 25 Supplement: Development and Coastal Change);  Technical Guidance to the National Planning Policy Framework (retains the main elements of PPS 25);  The River Basin Management Plan, which sets out existing and target water quality issues  The Catchment Flood Management Plan, identifying strategic flood management issues  The Strategic Flood Risk Assessment, which includes identification of flood risk zones and planning restrictions aimed to manage flood risk at a local authority level.

In order to allow for different Site Options to be differentiated on the basis of their water resources constraints publicly available information on existing water users (SPZs for public water supplies), current and planned water quality, fishery status and flood risks (Environment Agency Flood Zones) have been identified both at the Site Options and where applicable, downstream.

Environment Agency Flood Zones are defined as follows: Zone 3 High risk - greater than 1 in 100 year risk of river flooding or >1 in 200 year risk of sea flooding) Zone 2 Moderate risk - between 1 in 100 year and 1 in 1000 year risk of river flooding (1 in 200 year and 1 in 1000 year risk of sea flooding) ) Zone 1 Low risk – less than 1 in 1000 year risk of flooding from river or sea.

For the purposes of this study EA SPZs for groundwater resources (e.g. boreholes) have been noted (SPZ1 = Inner Protection Zone, SPZ2 = Outer Protection Zone, SPZ3 = Total Catchment). Risk of contamination/pollution to water supplies due to construction and/or operation of the compressor is therefore greater in SPZ1 than in SPZ3. Where available, Water Framework Directive Classification of watercourse quality and EC designated fisheries (Salmonid and Cyprinid) information has been taken into account.