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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-06703-5 - The Mapping of Power in Renaissance Italy: Painted Cartographic Cycles in Social and Intellectual Context Mark Rosen Index More information

INDEX

Accademia del Disegno (Florence), 94, 144, 163 Astudiglio, Francesco, 144 Accademia Fiorentina (Florence), 144, 225n17 atlas, and Danti’s map cycle in Guardaroba, 184. See Adams, Clement, 73 also Catalan Atlas; Theatrum orbis terrarum Adams, Robert, 206 Augustus Caesar, 35 Affrica (Buonsignori 1579), 167, 168, 187 Aula Leonina (Lateran Palace), 218n52 Africa: Buonsignori’s commentaries on maps of, 167–8, 189–90; Danti and shifts in cartographic Bandinelli, Baccio, 135 knowledge about, 173, 175–7, 245n13; Gastaldi’s Barbari, Jacopo de’, 18, 58–9, 157 maps of, 71–2, 176, 187, 190, 246n27 Barber, Peter, 248n19 Agrippa, 35 Bede (Venerable Bede), 37 Alberti, Leon Battista, 49, 50–2, 58, 59, 62, 111, Belarus, 172 112, 220n87 Bellarmato, Gerolamo, 157 Alcázar (Madrid), 202, 248n11 Bellavista, Gerolamo, 64 Aldrovandi, Ulisse, 114 Bellini, Gentile, 68, 70 Almagest (Ptolemy), 30, 34, 50, 103, 148–9. See also Bellini, Giovanni, 18 Ptolemy Bennett, James A., 232n15 Almagià, Roberto, 245n19, 246n29, 248n13 Bible, and decoration of San Giovanni Evangelista Almeni, Sforza, 135, 136, 154, 234n41 (Parma), 197 Amazon Basin and Part of Brazil (Danti after 1569), 87, Biblioteca Marciana (Venice), 42 180, 181 Bicci, Lorenzo di, 110 Ambassadors (Holbein 1533), 74 Biffoli, Agnolo, 236n62 America (Stradano c. 1585), 208, 209 Bigio, Nanni di Baccio, 237n73 America (Vanosino da Varese 1573–75), 20 Billocardo, Bonaventura, 157 Americas, maps of, 19–20, 21, 180–3, 208, 209. See Bindoccio, Cristofano di, 47 also Mexico; North America; South America Bisticci, Vespasiano da, 49 Angeli da Scarperia, Jacopo, 49, 54 Black Sea, 171, 177–8 Arabia (Danti 1575), 140, 141, 183, 245n23 Bocchi, Francesco, 241n124 Arena Chapel (Padua), 48 Bologna: Danti’s fresco of in Vatican’s Gallery of Aristotle, 28, 29–30, 125 Maps, 239n97; Danti and scientific community of, armillary sphere, 28–9, 145, 161–4, 242n132, 148–9; view of in Vatican’s Sala Bologna, 200, 242n137, 243n140 201, 248n8 art: chorography and geography in Early Modern Bonaiuto, Andrea di, 48 period and, 52–9; and chorography in Roman Boncompagni, Giacomo, 149 Empire, 36; medieval mappaemundi and Bonsignori, Francesco, 69 cartography as, 37–43; and Ptolemy’s distinction books, and private collecting spaces of Early Modern between geography and chorography, 31–4; period, 112. See also literature; printing and print Vasari and Florentine tradition of collecting, culture; text natural history, and cartography, 24. See also Bordone, Benedetto, 169 decoration Borges, Jose Luis, 60–1 Asia, Danti’s maps of, 169, 179–80, 183–4. See also Borghini, Vincenzo, 116, 120, 135, 141, 143, China; India 235n97, 237n66 Asia Minor, Danti’s maps of, 177–8, 236n50. See also Borgia, Cesare, 52 Natolia; Natolia II; Natolia et Caramania Borneo, 169 astrological vaults: of Sala Bologna (Vatican), 201, Boscoli, Giovanni di Tommaso, 116 202; of Sala del Mappamondo (Caprarola), 12. See Bourne, Molly, 222n38 also astronomy; constellations; star charts Bracciolini, Poggio, 50 astronomy: and astronomical quadrant, 145; and Bramante, Donato, 65 celestial maps, 101–103; and Ptolemy’s Almagest, Brazil, 180, 181 34. See also astrological vaults; celestial globe; Breydenbach, Bernhard von, 57–8, 59, 221n101 constellations; planetary clocks; star charts Brunelleschi, Filippo, 48

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-06703-5 - The Mapping of Power in Renaissance Italy: Painted Cartographic Cycles in Social and Intellectual Context Mark Rosen Index More information

264 INDEX

Brusa, Giuseppe, 228–9n27 Cetesiphon (Tag-i-Kasra), 102 Buonconsiglio, Vitruvio, 14 Chapel of Eleonora (Palazzo Vecchio), 83 Buoninsegni, Tommaso, 148, 239n90, 245n23 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 9, 201–202, 206 Buonsignori, Stefano: career of in Olivetan Charles V, King of France, 42 monasteries prior to appointment as Guardaroba Chile and the Straits of Magellan (Buonsignori c. cosmographer, 152–4, 211–12, 240–1n109–10; 1585–86), 185, 186, 187 and completion of Guardaroba map cycle, 93, China, maps of, 19, 140, 179–80, 213n2 128; as cosmographer of Guardaroba, 87, 152–61, China (Danti 1575), 140, 213n2 165, 196, 241n125; Danti’s approach compared to, China, India, the Pacific, and the Americas (Griselini 128–9, 155–6, 167–8, 193, 194; and scientific 1762), 19 community of Florence, 14, 24; and sundials, Chorographia Tusciae (Bellarmato 1536), 157 241n112; and use of cartographic sources for chorography: in Alberti’s Rome and Leonardo’s painted maps of Guardaroba, 184–94, 246n29, Imola, 52; and decoration in medieval Europe, 246n31, 247n36–7 47–8; and geography in Early Modern period, Buti, Ludovico, 160, 208 52–9; and private homes in Roman Empire, 36–7; Byzantine world, and geographic or chorographic Ptolemy and epistemological distinction between maps, 218n49 geography and, 31–4; and view of Jerusalem in Byzantine mosaic, 218n49. See also cartography; cabinets of wonder, 88. See also Guardaroba; studiolo; map(s) Tesoretto Christianity. See Bible; Catholic Church; Jerusalem; Cabot, John, 73 theology Cabot, Sebastian, 73, 223n65 Chrysolaras, Emanuel, 49 Caboto, Giovanni. See Cabot, John Church of Saint-Silvain (France), 44 cadastral maps, and Roman Empire, 32, 35, 36 Cirni, Antonio Francesco, 99 Caesar Writing the “Commentaries” (Vasari 1560), 116 Claissens, Pieter, 206 calendar, Danti and reform of, 145–6, 150 Clement VII, Pope, 115, 228n23 Cambodia, 169 clocks. See planetary clock Cambrensis, Giraldus, 191 Collenuccio, Teofilo, 69 Cancelleria (Palazzo Vecchio), 81–2, 84 Columbus, Christopher, 50, 208 Cape of Good Hope, 173, 176, 235n50 Comestor, Peter, 39 Caprarola. See Villa Farnese Comoro Islands, 175 De cardinalatu (Cortesi 1510), 62–3 Concistorio (Palazzo Pubblico, Siena), 46 Caribbean Sea and Northern Colombia and Venezuela Consiglio dei Dieci (Palazzo Ducale, (Danti 1569), 140, 142 Venice), 19, 71 Carpaccio, Vittore, 58, 70 Constantinople, view of in sala of Palazzo Ducale, Carrara, Francesco da, 109 Venice (Zorzi da Modone 1541–44), 71 Cartaro, Mario, 15 constellations: and astrological decoration of map cartography: and medieval mappaemundi as art, rooms, 228n19; and celestial globe, 34; and 37–43; translation of sources in painting of maps celestial maps, 101, 103. See also astrological vault; for Guardaroba, 166–94; as vehicle for spiritual astronomy; sky map ideas, 197. See also chorography; exploration; Cornelisz, Jan, 207 geography; map(s) Corradi, Girolamo, 68, 70 cartouches, of Buonsignori and Danti in Cortesi, Paolo, 62, 75, 82, 184, 196 Guardaroba, 168 Cosmographia (Münster 1544), 125 Casim Bey, 69 cosmography: and cosmographers associated with Cassius, Dio, 101–102 Guardaroba, 124–65; Danti’s Indostan and history Castagno, Andrea del, 109 of European, 3–4; and Guardaroba program as Catalan Atlas, 42 personalized vision of cosmos by Cosimo I, Catalan sea chart (mid-fifteenth century), 41 90–123, 126; and legacy of ancient Greece, 29–35; Catholic Church, and papacy’s inheritance of and Lucian’s Icaromenippus, 27–8; and unfinished Roman Empire as theme of maps, 65, 204. See also status of Guardaroba, 86–9 Dominican monasteries; Jesuit missionaries; Costa the Younger, Lorenzo, 102 Olivetan monasteries; Papal States; theology; Cox-Rearick, Janet, 103 Vatican Crimea, 171–2 Cavalli, Serafino, 147, 148 Crispolti, Cesare, 233n27 celestial globe, 34, 99 Cristofano dell’Altissimo, 108, 196, 230n48 Cellini, Benvenuto, 105, 135, 228n27, 229n31 Croce, Baldassare, 206 Central America, 183 Cuba, 183

INDEX 265

Dandolo, Doge Francisco, 66 Ebstorf Map (c. 1280–1300), 38, 40 Danti, Egnazio: Buonsignori’s approach compared Edgerton, Samuel Y., Jr., 219n75 to, 128–9, 155–6, 167–8, 193, 194; Cosimo I’s Edward I, King of England, 44–5 interest in promoting career of, 122, 127, 237n70; Edward VI, King of England, 73 death of, 161; and design of Santa Croce (Bosco L’Egitto (Buonsignori 1578), 187, 188–9 Marengo), 143, 237n73; and emblem of Cosimo I, Egypt: and inclusion of Cairo in late 99, 227n7; and Flaminia, 6, 10; fresco view of city fifteenth-century Mantuan map cycles, 68, 70; of Perugia and surveys in Bologna, 15, 239n96–7; Ortelius’s maps of, 188, 189, 246n31 Gastaldi as source for maps by, 213n2; and globes, England: and decorative cartography in 236n54–6, 237n64; and maps of Mexico, 8–10, 13; mid-sixteenth century, 73–4; and tapestry maps, and Perusini, 16; portrait of, 149, 239n94; and 206, 249n20 Ptolemy’s distinction between geography and l’Escluse, Charles de, 187–8 chorography, 33–4; publication of treatises, d’Este, Borso, 49 237n66, 237n68; as replacement for Pitti, 132;on d’Este, Cardinal Ippolito, 67 Rinaldi (Piervincenzo), 233n25–6; role of as d’Este, Isabella, 18 cosmographer for Guardaroba, 134–52, 154, 164, Eudoxus of Cnidus, 34 196, 213n1, 225n18, 234n41, 239n90; and exploration: and map cycles of Guardaroba, 22, 208; scientific community of Florence, 14, 24; and and maps from England in sixteenth century, 73; scientific instruments, 57, 144, 238n78–9; sections and narrative imagery of Buonsignori’s maps, of Guardaroba painted by, 87, 136–8, 140, 189–90; references to in late-sixteenth century 235n47; and sources for Indostan fuori il Gange, 1–4, painted cycles, 19–21, 213–14n8. See also 8, 9; and Third Loggia map cycle at Vatican, 76, navigation; Portugal 150, 204, 205; and use of cartographic sources for painted maps of Guardaroba, 169–84, 244n9, Farnese, Cardinal Alessandro, 12, 20, 198, 200, 207 245n13, 245n21; and Vasari on Guardaroba Farnese, Duke Ottavio, 197 program, 94–5, 96 Filarete, 110, 114 Danti, Girolamo, 134, 135 Findlen, Paula, 112, 114 Danti, Giulio, 33, 134, 144 Fiorani, Francesca, 176, 229n40, 232n7, 235n47, Danti, Teodora, 134–5 236n55, 246n29 Danti, Vincenzo, 94, 132, 134, 135 Flaminia (Danti 1580–81), 6, 10 David (Donatello), 229n29 Florence: Buonsignori and mapping of, 156–9, 193; decoration: astrological in sixteenth-century map and cartography in early fifteenth century, 49; rooms, 227–8n19; and functions of maps in Guardaroba cosmographers and scientific ancient world, 35–7; and functions of maps in community of, 14, 24; and maps in mid-sixteenth early- to mid-sixteenth century, 60–78; and century, 76–8; mosaic maps from early thirteenth- influence of humanism on studioli, 111; and mural century, 218n56; and portrait cycle in maps of medieval Europe, 43–8. See also art; Guardaroba, 107; role of Guardaroba map cycles Guardaroba in cosmos of, 79–89; Vasari’s view of, 129–30; and del Badia, Iodoco, 235n47 View with a Chain woodcut, 53–7 Denti, Sabaoth, 224n73 Florentia (Massaio 1456), 53, 54 Descriptio urbis Romæ (Alberti), 50–1 Florentini Dominii (Buonsignori), 156, 157 Descrittione dell’Africa (Gastaldi 1564), 176 Forlani, Paolo, 20, 21, 176, 183, 188, 198 La descrittione di tutto il Peru (Forlani c. 1562), 20, 21 Forma urbis Romae, 35–6, 61, 217n26 Diogenes Laertius, 35 Forster, Kurt, 103 Doge’s Palace (Venice). See Palazzo Ducale France, 155, 156, 187 Dominic, St., 48 La Francia (Buonsignori 1576 or 1577), 155, 156, 187 Dominican monasteries, 135, 143–4, 148, 237n70 Francis, St., 48 dominio, new surveys or geographic information for Fredi, Bartolo di, 47 maps of, 7, 15, 156–7 Dominio Senese (Buonsignori), 156 Galileo Galilei, 91–2, 127, 163–4, 225–6n2, Domus Aurea (Rome), 74, 102 243n147 Donatello, 48, 229n29 galleria: and collecting spaces in Early Modern Duchy of Cornwall mappamundi, 39 period, 113–14; and Guardaroba program, Dürer, Albrecht, 230n48 118–23; and Tribuna (Uffizi), 226n3 Dupérac, Étienne, 75–6, 77, 128 Gallery of Maps (Vatican): and frescoes of Italian regions, 10–11, 13, 15, 239n97; and map-cycle Eastern Europe, and shifts in cartographic competition in sixteenth century, 201–205; and knowledge, 171 map of Romagna region of Italy, 5

266 INDEX

Galluzzi, Paolo, 229n32 Hakluyt, Richard, 223n65 Garzoni, Tomaso, 126 Hapsburg, Johanna von. See Giovanna of Austria Gastaldi, Giacomo, 2, 4, 8, 19, 71–3, 98, 128, 169, Harley, J. B., 15–17 173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 183, 187, 190, 198, Harvey, P. D. A., 47 213n2, 223n59, 246n27 Henry III, King of England, 44, 45 geography: and chorography in Early Modern Henry VII, King of England, 73 period, 52–9; Guardaroba as illustration of Medici Hereford Map (c. 1300), 40 court’s knowledge of, 166; as interpretive tool for Hipparchus, 34 sacred and secular history in medieval period, 37; Hispaniola, 183 and Lucian’s Icaromenippus, 27–8; and Pitti’s Historia scholastica (Comestor), 39 involvement in Guardaroba, 131, 132; Ptolemy’s Holbein, Hans the Younger, 74 distinction between chorography and, 31–4; and Holstein, Lucas, 214n19 view of Jerusalem in Byzantine mosaic, horizon, and Alberti’s Descriptio urbis Romæ, 51 218n49. See also cartography Houtman, Frederick de, 103 Geography (Ptolemy), 30–1, 32–3, 37, 39, 43, 47, humanism: and decoration of studioli, 111; and 49–51, 53–4, 71, 72, 97, 125, 183. See also Ptolemy Guardaroba as semi-public space, 88; and uses of La Germania (Buonsignori 1577), 155, 187 cartography in medieval Europe, 48–52 Germanus, Nicolaus, 49 Hyperborean Mountains, 171, 244n7 Ghiberti, Lorenzo, 47, 219n66 Ghirardi, Angela, 239n94 Icaromenippus (Lucian), 27–8 Ghirlandaio, Domenico, 83, 106–107 iconography: of Guardaroba compared to Ghirlandaio, Ridolfo del, 83 contemporary projects in Florence, 88;of Ghislieri, Pietro, 15 Renaissance studioli, 231n58. See also narrative Gibraltar, Straits of, 187–8 imagery Giotto, 48 IldisegnodellaterzapartedelAsia(Gastaldi 1561), 2, 4, 183 Giovanna of Austria, 7, 92, 140, 168, 196, 225n17 India: Danti’s maps of, 1–3, 183–4; Marco Polo’s Giovio, Paolo, 108, 229n37 travel narratives on, 2–3. See also Parte del India Giunti (publisher), 99, 108 dentro al Gange ho[ggi]detta Indostan globes, and Guardaroba program, 98–100, 103–104, Indonesia and Southeast Asia, Danti’s map of, 169 120, 138–9, 229n29, 236n54–6, 236n61. See also Indostan fuori il Gange (c. 1573–75), 1–4, 9 celestial globes; terrestrial globes Innocent VIII, Pope, 64, 75 gnomons, 145 intarsia, and decoration of studioli, 110–12, 114 Gonzaga, Francesco II (marquis of Mantua), Isidore of Seville, 37, 38 67–70 Isolario (Bordone 1528), 169 Good and Bad Government (Lorenzetti 1337–40), 46 I[sola] di San Lorenzo (Madagascar, Danti 1565), 138, Gorla, Alberto, 229n32 155, 173–5 Gradino, Bernardino, 234n41 L’isole britaniche le quali contengano il Regno di Inghilterra Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot de, 18 et di Scotia con ‘Hibernia (Danti 1565), 138 La Grecia (Buonsignori 1585), 187 L’isole moluche con l’altre circu[m]vicine che producano le Greece (ancient), and cosmography, 29–35. See also gioie et le spetierie (Danti 1563), 123, 132, 136, 138 Aristotle; Ptolemy L’Italia (Buonsignori 1578), 84, 187 Greenland, 191, 235n50, 247n37 Italia (Vanosino da Varese 1573–75), 11, 12 Gregory XIII, Pope, 5, 76, 98, 146, 149, 150–1, 200, Italy: as center of culture of painted maps in late 207, 213n7, 248n12 sixteenth century, 7; frescoes of regions in Griselini, Francesco, 19, 72, 223n59 Vatican’s Gallery of Maps, 10–11, 13, 15; Guardaroba (Palazzo Vecchio): cosmographers nationalism and maps in Vatican’s Gallery of associated with, 124–65; inventory of, 230n41;as Maps, 248n12; and stand-alone painted notable surviving example of painted maps, 1, 4, perspectival views in private homes or ancestral 21–5; numbering of ﬂoors, 224n1; power and palaces, 206. See also Bologna; Florence; Mantua; competition as driving forces for production of Perugia; Romagna region; Rome; Tuscan state; map cycle, 195–209; program for as personalized Vatican; Venice vision of cosmos, 90–123; and role of map cycles in Florentine cosmos, 79–89; translation of Jenkinson, Anthony, 171, 172, 244n7 cartographic sources in painting of maps for, Jerome, 37 166–94 Jerusalem: as center of world maps in medieval Guarini, Giambattista, 50 period, 39, 217n36; chorographic view of in Guildford, Henry, 74 Byzantine mosaic, 218n49; and maps in late Gulf of Mexico, 183 ﬁfteenth century Italy, 68

INDEX 267

Jesuit missionaries, 180 60–78; and Guardaroba program as personalized John the Evangelist, 38 vision of cosmos, 90–123; painted as decoration in John of Holywood, 39, 43, 134–5, 233n26, 233n29 sixteenth century, 1–25; and role of Guardaroba Judea (Vanosino da Varese 1573–75), 11, 12 collection in sixteenth-century Florence, 79–89. Julian calendar, 145–6 See also cadastral maps; cartography; chorography; Julius II, Pope, 65 geography; mural maps; projection methods; Julius Caesar, 35, 44 public maps; sky map; tapestry maps Justus of Ghent, 110 mappaemundi: and cartography as art, 37–43;as features of map halls, 7; and frescoes as Keyser, Pieter Dirkszoon, 103 decoration, 43–8; placement of Jerusalem at Khosrow (Persian king), 102 center of, 217n36 Kolb, Anton, 58 map rooms and map halls: function of in late Kratzer, Nicolaus, 74 sixteenth century, 8; and maps as decoration in Kuala Lumpur, 169 sixteenth-century Italy, 22–25. See also Gallery of Kupfer, Marcia, 44 Maps; Guardaroba; Third Loggia Marcolin, Massimo, 148, 239n90, 245n17 landscape painting, in medieval Europe, 48 Marco Polo, 2–3, 19, 180, 213n3–4 Lateran Palace (Rome), 44, 218n52 Margaret of Austria, 109 Lehmann, Karl, 227n12 Maris Paciﬁci (Ortelius 1589), 73 Leo III, Pope, 44, 218n52 Marmirolo (palace outside Mantua), 68–9 Leo X, Pope, 190 Martellus Germanus, Henricus, 50 Leonbruno, Lorenzo, 228n19 Martini, Simone, 46, 47 Leonardi, Antonio, 63, 66–7 Masaccio, 48 Leonardi, Sebastiano, 67 Massaio, Piero del, 53–4 Leonardo da Vinci, 52, 146, 230n48 Masolino, 48 Levi-Donati, Gemmarosa, 246n29 Mattea, Bernardo d’Antonio di Monna, 84 Liber chronicarum (Nuremberg Chronicle, Schedel 1493), Mattioli, Pietro Andrea, 183 57–8, 69 Mauritania (Buonsignori 1579), 187 Libia interiore (Buonsignori 1580), 187 Mauro, Fra, 42–3, 66 Library of Congress, 17 Mazzantini, Cosimo d’Andrea, 242n130 Ligorio, Pirro, 128, 224n73 Medici family: painted maps of Guardaroba as literature, and maps as graphic illustration in illustration of knowledge of geography, 166; and medieval period, 39. See also books; narrative portrait cycle in Guardaroba program, 110 imagery; printing and print culture; text Medici, Cosimo (il Vecchio) de’, 50, 110, 114, 116 Livonia et Littuania (Danti c. 1565), 170–2 Medici, Cosimo de’: and Danti as cosmographer, Lombardo, Antonio di Domenico, 242n130 140–7, 150–2, 161–4, 196, 237n70; and early Longhi, Martino, 237n73 decoration of Palazzo Vecchio, 83; emblem of, 99; Lopez, Tomé, 245n13 Guardaroba program and personalized vision of Lorenzetti, Ambrogio, 46–7 cosmos, 28–9, 76, 78–81, 87–9, 90, 92–6, Lucian, 27–28 103–104, 110, 116, 118–23, 129, 164, 207–208; De’ ludi matematici (Alberti), 51 Guardaroba project after death of, 85, 127; Lupattino, Antonio, 139, 237n64 imagery in rooms neighboring Guardaroba, 7, 82–3, 100, 116–18; power of and Guardaroba Machiavelli, Niccolò, 146 program, 21–2 Madagascar, 173, 175, 177, 236n50 Medici, Ferdinando I de’: and armillary sphere by Maestá (Martini c. 1315–21), 46, 47 Santucci, 161–2; and Buonsignori as Magellan, Ferdinand, 73, 208 cosmographer, 159–61, 193, 241n25; and Danti as Malay Peninsula, 169, 244n5 cosmographer, 148; and Guardaroba program Mandeville, John, 39 after death of Cosimo I, 127, 208; and termination Mantegna, Andrea, 69, 115 of Guardaroba project, 86 Mantegna, Francesco, 69 Medici, Francesco I de’: and Buonsignori as Mantua, maps painted in, 67–70 cosmographer, 129, 152, 155, 156, 159, 164–5, map(s): competition for power and production of 193, 239n90; and Danti as cosmographer, 147–8, sixteenth-century map cycles, 195–209; and 150, 184; decorations for wedding of, 7; and cosmographers associated with Guardaroba, Guardaroba project after death of Cosimo I, 80, 124–65; as decoration in ancient and medieval 85, 127, 139, 140; and studiolo, 120–2, 196 world through late ﬁfteenth century, 26–59;as Medici, Giovanni di Bicci de’, 110 decoration in early- to mid-sixteenth century, Medici, Guilio de’. See Clement VII

268 INDEX

Medici, Lorenzo (il Magnifico) de’, 83, 114–15 Nova pulcherrimae civitatis Florentiae topographia Medici, Piero de’, 110, 114–15 accurastissime delineata (Buonsignori 1584), 129, Mediterranean Basin (tapestry 1740), 207 157, 158 Menabuoni, Giusto de’, 48 Nubia (Buonsignori 1579), 187 Mercator, Gerard, 18, 23, 75, 103, 170–1, 183, 187, Nuova Spagna (Danti 1565), 8, 9, 13, 138, 175, 180, 191, 193, 198, 244n6, 247n35–7, 248n13 183, 214n13–14 Mexico, Danti’s maps of, 8–10, 136–8, 180, 183. See Nuremberg Chronicle. See Liber chronicarum also Nuova Spagna Nuti, Lucia, 57 Michelangelo, 135, 225n17, 230n48 Molucca Islands. See L’isole moluche con l’altre circu[m] oikoumene, 31 vicine che producano le gioie et le spetierie Olaus Magnus, 191, 244n9, 247n35 monasteries. See Domincan monasteries; Olivetan Oldoini, Augustino, 233n27 monasteries Old Sacristy (San Lorenzo), 102 Montaigne, Michel de, 4, 14 Olivetan monasteries, 130, 152–3, 169, 211–12, Montano, Benito Arias, 197 233n23 Montefeltro, Federico da (Duke of Urbino), 110, Orosius, 37 112, 115 Ortelius, Abraham, 23, 72–3, 172, 173, 183, 193, Monti de la Luna (Mountains of the Moon), 176–7, 223n61, 244n7, 245n21, 246n31, 247n34. See also 245n13 Theatrum orbis terrarum morality, and meaning of maps in Middle Ages ad Ottoman Empire, 14, 67–8, 69, 70, 71 Early Modern period, 26 Morandi, Francesco (il Poppi), 121 Paganino, Giovanni Antonio, 197 Moschovia (Danti c. 1565), 170, 171, 172, 236n50 Palazzo Ducale (Mantua), 102 Mountains of the Moon. See Monti de la Luna Palazzo Ducale (Urbino), 112 Münster, Sebastian, 125 Palazzo Ducale (Venice), 66–7, 70–3, 110–11. See mural maps, and maps as decoration in medieval also Sala del Collegio; Sala dello Scudo Europe, 43–8 Palazzo Medici (Florence), 82, 110, 114–15 Muse Calliope (Vasari 1555–56), 100, 116, 122 Palazzo Pitti (Florence), 117, 130, 147 Museo Galileo (Florence), 105, 154, 163, 232n15, Palazzo dei Priori (Perugia), 15, 206, 239n96 238n78, 241n112–13 Palazzo Pubblico (Siena), 46–8 Museo di Sotria della Scienza (Florence), 105 Palazzo di San Sebastiano (Mantua), 68, 69–70 Palazzo Vecchio (Florence): courtyard of, 8; narrative imagery: and maps in Sala del decorative imagery in rooms adjacent to Mappamondo, 200; role of in Buonsignori’s maps, Guardaroba, 7; role of Guardaroba in sequence of 185, 189 rooms in, 80–5. See also Cancelleria; Guardaroba; Natolia (Danti 1565), 138, 177–8 Quartiere di Leone X; Sala del Gigli; Sala dell’ Natolia II (Danti 1565), 179 Udienza; Sala di Clemente VII; Saletta fresco Natolia et Caramania (Gastaldi 1564), 180 series; Salone dei Cinquecento; studiolo; Studiolo nature: mastery of implied by Guardaroba program, of Francesco I; Tesoretto 120; and matching of plant life to geographical Palazzo Venezia (Rome), 64, 67 regions in Third Loggia, 230n54 Palestine, map of at Caprarola (Villa Farnese). See navigation, and portolan charts as sources for Judea cartography, 37, 40–1, 42, 213–14n8. See also Palmesi, Vincenzo, 237n69 exploration Panofsky, Erwin, 15, 16, 226n2 Negri, Giulio, 131 Papal States, Danti and survey of, 150 Nero (Roman Emperor), 74, 102 Parigi, Giulio d’Alfonso, 242n128 Neroni, Matteo, 138, 235n47, 236n52 Parte d’Affrica (Buonsignori 1582), 187 New World, and world map in Sala del Parte d’Affrica nuova, et regno di Manicongo Mappamondo, 199. See also Americas (Buonsignori 1580), 187 Niger River, 190 Parte dell’Agisimba (Buonsignori 1580), 185, 190 Nigetti, Dionigi di Matteo, 84, 138, 235n45, Parte di Buona Speranza (Danti c. 1565), 155, 175, 176 236n52 Parte del India dentro al Gange ho[ggi] detta Indostan Nile River, 188–9, 246n31 (Danti 1575), 140, 183, 213n2 North America, Danti’s maps of, 183 Parte di Scitia (Buonsignori 1582), 187 North Pole, 190–3. See also Polar Regions Partridge, Loren, 12, 247n6 Nova et aucta orbis terrae descriptio ad usum Passerotti, Bartolomeo, 148–9 navigantium emendatè accommodata (Mercator Paul II, Pope, 64, 67 1569), 191 Paul of Venice, 37

INDEX 269

Pazzi Chapel (Santa Croce), 102 projection methods: and development of bird’s eye Pedrezano, G. B., 71 view in fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, Pellini, Pompeo, 233n27 52–9; and medieval navigational maps, 40–1; Peregrinationes in Terram Sanctam (Breydenbach 1486), Ptolemaic form of, 30–5, 220n78. See also radius 57–8 Prometheus with Mother Nature (Morandi 1570–75), 121 Perugia, Danti’s fresco view of, 15, 149, 239n96 propaganda, and maps of late sixteenth century, Perusini (Danti 1584), 15, 16 14–15, 23 Peruzzi, Baldassare, 228n19 Ptolemy, 30–5, 36, 39, 43, 48–52, 59, 62, 70, 74, 75, Petrarch, 109 87, 94, 97–8, 101–103, 119, 125–6, 130, 131, 132, Philip II, King of Spain, 201, 202, 248n11 135, 162, 164, 169, 171, 177–8, 190, 201, 219n66, Piazza San Marco (Venice), 105 219n75, 219–20n77, 227n18, 232n7, 244n5. See Piccolomini, Francesco Todeschini. See Pius III also Almagest; Geography Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, 50 public maps, and Roman Empire, 35 Pietro, Meo di, 47 public-private divide, and Guardaroba, 114 Pillars of Hercules, 9 Purchas, Samuel, 223n65 Pinturicchio, 64 Pyrenees, 188 Pio, Ercole, 13, 197 Pitti, Luca, 130 Quartiere di Leone X (Palazzo Vecchio), 83, Pitti, Miniato, 24, 96, 124–5, 128, 129–34, 136–7, 110, 116 150, 152–4, 164, 195, 228n23, 232n7, 232n12–16, Quiccheberg, Samuel, 225n1 233n21, 233n23, 234n43–4, 240n109 Pius II, Pope, 63–4 radius, and Alberti’s Descriptio urbis Romæ, 51. See also Pius III, Pope, 63, 67 projection methods Pius IV, Pope, 75–6, 195, 230n54 Ramusio, G. B., 72, 245n13 planetary clock, by Volpaia in Guardaroba, 104–106, Ranieri, Gianpolo, 105 120, 177, 228–9n27–9, 229n31–2 Razzi, Serafino, 235n47 Plantijn, Christoffel, 18 Reuwich, Erhard, 57, 58, 59 Pliny the Elder, 35, 36, 110, 217n23 Rialto (Venice), 45–6, 66 Poccianti, Michele, 131 Ricci, Matteo, 215n29 Polar Regions, maps of (Buonsignori c. 1586), 187, Ricciarelli, Leonardo, 116 190–3, 246n29, 247n35–7 Richard of Haldingham and Lafford, 40 politics: and maps of Italy in Vatican’s Gallery of Rinaldi, Giovanni Battista, 134, 233n27 Maps, 248n12; and messages of maps in Middle Rinaldi, Piervincenzo, 134, 233n25–6 Ages and Early Modern period, 26; and patronage Robbia, Luca della, 115 for painted maps and mythological painting, Roberti, Ercole de’, 68 12–13. See also power Rodriguez, Luigi, 206 Porena, Filippo, 224n76 Romagna region (Italy), 5, 6, 213n7 portolan charts. See navigation Roman Empire: and maps as decoration, 35–7; Portrait of Christopher Columbus (Cristofano papacy’s inheritance of as theme of maps, 65, dell’Altissimo 1556), 108 204. See also Julius Caesar; Nero; Pliny the Elder Portrait of Egnazio Danti (Passerotti 1576–78), 148, 149 Rome: and decorative maps in late fifteenth and portrait cycle, in Guardaroba program, 106–12 early sixteenth centuries, 63–5; and maps from Portugal, and impact of early sixteenth-century mid-sixteenth century, 75–6. See also Vatican explorations on cartographic knowledge, 169, Rosselli, Francesco, 53–6, 58–9, 64, 78, 220n94 173, 176, 183, 190 Ruscelli, Girolamo, 33, 72, 231–2n7, 246n31 Pourbus, Pierre, 206 Russia, 170, 171, 172, 173, 236n50, 244n7 power: and Buonsignori’s approach to cartouches in Russiae, Moscovisae et Tartariae descriptio (Ortelius Guardaroba, 168; and Cosimo I de’ Medici’s 1570), 172, 173 motivation for Guardaroba project, 21, 92; map cycle of Guardaroba as expression of, 195–209. See Sabatini, Lorenzo, 102, 200 also politics; propaganda Sacrobosco, Johannes de. See John of Holywood printing and print culture: and map cycles of St. Mark (Donatello 1411–13), 48 Guardaroba, 22; and printed maps as sources for Sala Bologna (Vatican), 102, 200–202 site-specific painted maps, 1–2, 14; relationship of Sala di Clemente VII (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence), cartographic cycles with, 18, 23; and scholarly 55–6, 129 approach to maps in Early Modern period, 48–52; Sala del Collegio (Palazzo Ducale, Venice), 70–1 and trends in cartography, 5–6. See also books; Sala del Consiglio (Palazzo Pubblico, Siena), 46–8, literature; text 218n52

270 INDEX

Sala dei Giganti (Padua), 230n43 Siena, 46–7 Sala dei Gigli (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence), 83–5, 93, Siege of Florence (Vasari 1560–61), 56 97, 104, 105, 106–107, 109, 120, 130, 161, 229n29, Soderini, Piero, 83 242n130 solstices, gnomons and measurement of, 145 Sala del Mappamondo (Villa Farnese, Caprarola), 4, Sosigenes (astronomer), 125, 146 5, 11, 12, 197–200 South America, maps of, 19–20, 21, 71, 87, 155, Sala delle Nappe (Palazzo Ducale, Venice), 66–7 180–3, 245n21 Sala Regia (Palazzo dei Priori, Viterbo), 206 La Spagna (Buonsignori c. 1577), 155, 187–8 Sala dello Scudo (Palazzo Ducale, Venice), 19, 71–3, Spain, maps of, 155, 187–8, 201–202, 203, 248n11 94, 98, 128, 246n27 De sphaera (John of Holywood), 39, 134 Sala dell’Udienza (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence), 83 star charts, 101–103. See also astronomy; Saletta fresco series, 109 constellations Salone dei Cinquecento (Palazzo Vecchio, Strabo, 43, 100 Florence), 81–2, 83, 84, 106 Stradano, Giovanni. See Straet, Jan van der Salviati, Francesco, 83 Straet, Jan van der, 78, 116, 130, 208, 209 San Bartolomeo a Monte Uliveto (Florence), 55, Straits of Magellan, 185–7 130, 153–5, 158, 211–12, 233n23 studietto, of Piero de’ Medici (Palazzo Medici, San Domenico (Bologna), 148 Florence), 114–15 San Domenico (Perugia), 135, 234n35 studiolo: as collecting spaces in Early Modern period, Sangallo the Younger, Antonio, 134 112–18;definition of, 91; and Francesco de’ San Giovanni Evangelista (Parma), 197, 198 Medici, 140; and Guardaroba program, 118–23; San Lorenzo (Florence), 102 iconography of, 231n58; interrelationship of San Lorenzo Maggiore (Naples), 206 portraiture, intarsia decoration, and collecting San Marco (Florence), 135, 136, 233n21 cabinets in, 111; in Palazzo Ducale (Venice), 110 San Michele (Venice), 43 Studiolo of Francesco I (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence), San Michele in Bosco (Bologna), 153 116, 120–2, 140, 159, 161, 196 San Miniato al Monte (Florence), 130, 153, 211, Subequatorial South American interior (Danti after 218n56, 232n8, 232n12, 240n109 1569), 180, 182, 183 San Nicolò (Treviso), 109 Suetonius, 227n12 Sansovino, Francesco, 66, 67 Sumatra, 169, 244n5 Santa Croce (Florence), 48, 102, 117 sundials, 145, 154–5, 238n79, 241n112 Santa Maria del Fiore, 48, 107 Santa Maria Novella (Florence), 48, 53, 117, 136, tapestry maps, 206, 207, 248n19–20 138, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 161–2, 164 telaruoli (linen merchants), 45 Santucci delle Pomarance, Antonio, 24, 28, 29, 125, terra incognita, and Buonsignori’s maps of Africa, 190 128, 138, 139, 145, 160, 161–4, 243n147, 246n29 Terrazzo delle Matematiche (Uffizi), 160 Sanudo, Marino, 67, 222n24 terrestrial globes, 99, 103–104, 138, 139, 163 Sarchi, Bartolomeo di Matteo, 242n130 Tesoretto (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence), 116, 117 Savi dei Collegio (Palazzo Ducle, Venice), 66 text, mappaemundi and reading of, 38–9. See also Scala, Bartolomeo, 229n34 books; literature; printing and print culture Schedel, Hartmann, 57 Thailand, 169 La Schiavonia (Buonsignori 1578), 187 Theatrum orbis terrarum (Ortelius 1570), 6, 15, 16, 22, Schöner, Johannes, 215n29 98, 129, 157, 170, 187, 188, 189, 206, 244n7, Schulz, Juergen, 8, 37, 43, 56, 58–9, 64 247n6. See also Ortelius, Abraham scientific instruments: designed and fabricated by theology: and competition in cosmographical Danti, 144–6, 238n78–9; production of by decoration, 197; and geography in medieval Buonsignori, 154–5. See also armillary sphere; period, 37; and messages of maps in Middle Ages planetary clock; sundials and Early Modern period, 26; and temporal Le scienze matematiche ridotte in tavole (Danti 1577), history in medieval mappaemundi, 39–40. See also 33, 150 Catholic Church Scrittoio (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence) 100 Thile (Danti 1565), 138 Seneca, 74 Third Loggia (Vatican), 14, 33, 75–6, 77, 94, 98, 124, Septimus Severus, 35–6, 101–102 150–1, 195 , 201, 204, 205, 214n20, 230n54 Settle, Thomas B., 234n35, 236n55, 238n78, time, and temporal history in medieval mappaemundi, 243n147 39–40 La sfera del mondo ridotta in cinque tavole Titian, 230n48 (Danti 1567), 143 Tommaso da Modena, 109 Siberia, 187 Toscanelli, Paolo dal Pozzo, 50

INDEX 271

Traini, Francisco, 48 Vatican: and Danti as cosmographer, 150–1; and Trans-Appennine canal, 146, 164 map-cycle competition in sixteenth century, Trecento painting, 47–8 200–205. See also Gallery of Maps; Gregory XIII; Tribuna (Uffizi), 85, 88, 89, 93, 108, 114, 159, 196, Papal States; Third Loggia 226n3, 241n124 Velho, Bartolomeu, 176 Trinity (Masaccio 1426–27), 48 Venetie (de’Barbari 1500), 18, 58–9 Triumph of Death (Traini), 48 Venice: de’ Barbari’s woodcut view of in 1500, 18, Triumphs of Caesar (Mantegna), 69 58–9; contribution of to exploration in early Trogloditica (Buonsignori 1579), 185, 187 sixteenth century, 19; decorative maps of in late Tuscan state, Buonsignori and mapping of, 156–7 fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, 65–7; and Gastaldi’s maps for Doge’s Palace, 19; maps of in Uberti, Lucantonio degli, 53, 220n94 mid-sixteenth century, 70–3 Uffizi (Florence), 85, 92, 108, 114, 120, 160–2. See Vespucci, Amerigo, 11, 208 also Tribuna Vettori, Pietro, 135 Ukraine, 172 Via Veritatis (Bonaiuto c. 1366–68), 48 L’ultime parti note nel Indie Occide[nta]li (Danti 1564), View with a Chain (Rosselli c. 1480s), 53–9, 64, 78, 136, 137, 180 157–8 Universalis cosmographia (Waldseemüller 1507), View of City of Bologna (unknown [Lorenzo Sabatini?] 17, 18 1574–75), 201 “universal theater,” and concept of Guardaroba, 208 View of Venice (Reuwich 1486), 57, 58 University of Bologna, 148, 200 View of Zaragoza (van den Wyngaerde 1563), 203 University of Pisa, 144, 163 Vilani, Filippo, 109 uomini famosi (great historical exemplars), cycle of in Villa Belvedere (Vatican), 64, 65, 75 Guardaroba, 106–12 Villa Carducci (Legnaia), 109 Upper Church of San Francesco (Assisi), 48 Villa Farnese (Caprarola), 4, 5, 11–12, 19–21, Urban VIII, Pope, 13 102–103, 198–200 De viris illustribus (Petrarch), 109 Vagnetti, Luigi, 220n87 Le vite de’più illustri pittori, scultori ed architettori (Vasari van den Wyngaerde, Anton, 202, 203, 248n11 1568), 86, 93–9, 108, 136, 195, 197, 226–7n4–5, Vannelli, Giuliano, 104, 130, 153, 228n23, 228n25, 228–9n27, 233n23 229n29, 232n14 Vitruvius, 36, 159 Vanni, Francesco, 159 Volpaia, Girolamo della, 229n28 Vanosino da Varese, Giovanni Antonio, 11, 12, 13, Volpaia, Lorenzo della, 95, 96, 104–106, 120, 177, 20, 33–4, 75, 77, 102, 199, 202, 205, 224n75 228–9n27, 230n41. See also planetary clock Vasari, Giorgio: and Danti as cosmographer, 136–7, Volterra, Daniele da, 135 234n43; Guardaroba program and Cosimo I’s personalized vision of cosmos, 21, 90, 93–7, 99, Waldseemüller, Martin, 17–18, 215n29 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107–108, 109, 110, 111, Westminster Castle (England), 44–5 116, 117–18, 122, 123, 197; Guardaroba project Whitehall Palace (England), 73–4 after death of, 85; and imagery in rooms Winchester Castle (England), 44, 45, 46 neighboring Guardaroba in Palazzo Vecchio, 7, Wolgemut, Michael, 58 83; personal involvement of in Guardaroba Woodward, David, 37 project, 86, 225n17; on Pinturicchio’s style as World Map (Giovanni Antonio Vanosino da Varese “Flemish,” 64; and Pitti as cosmographer, 96, 1573–75), 198, 199 130–4; and portraits in Guardaroba, 230n40, Wunderkammer, 22, 90, 92 230n48; and tradition of Florentine art, collecting, natural history, and cartography, 24; and views of Zacharias, Pope, 44 Florence, 55–6, 57, 129–30; on Volpaia clock, Zeno, Pietro, 71 228–9n27, 229n29. See also Le vite de’più illustri Zenobius, St., 106–107 pittori, scultori ed architettori Zorzi da Modone, Giovanni Domenico, 70–1, Vasco de Gama, 245n13 223n48–9