Volume XXXI No. 5 May, 1976 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOATWH Iff ffVaSH RffU^S HI aiEAT BRITAHI

Margot Pottlitser H. G. Adler is a Jewish poet whose poetical medium is the German language. He wrote A QUESTION OF SURVIVAL because he felt compelled to write even at a time when eventual publication was an ex­ Two Writers under Nazi Rule tremely remote possibility. German contem­ poraries of his faced a very different situation, Theodor Adorno once said tliat after Ausch­ London. Almost destitute, helped by new and and the urge of any writer to see himself in witz there could be no more poetry. In one old friends, he started at once to write. His print led to many compromises with the °f his essays in "Language and Silence", oeuvre since those days can only be marvelled powers that be, even by people who before George Steiner quotes this remark and explains at for its depth and its extent. Poems poured 1933 had been opponents of anything the Jhat in the Third Reich language had been out of him, but he had set himself an immense National Socialists stood for. Sometimes these severed from the roots of moral and emo­ task whicii he felt no one else could have compromisies ended in tragedy. One such genu­ tional life", and that "Hitler and Goebbels and undertaken: to explain to the world—to Ger­ ine tragedy, that of the poet Jochen Klepper 'ne hundred thousand Untersturmfiihrer had mans and non-Germans what had happened. was quoted in evidence at the Eichmann trial, niade wards the conveyors of terror and false­ He has since written some 15 books, mostly and the story behind that evidence has now hood". Words had lost their integrity. about the organisation and administration of been collected by Emst G. Riemschneider in Those of us who have been brought up on the camps, culminating in 1974 in his most a book "Der Fall Klepper"'). Jochen Klepper, 3 culture based on the German language, know important work "Der verwaltete Mensch" born in 1903, had begun to make a name for ^'hat this means. We remember the shock we which will probably remain the standard work himself as a writer and broadcaster in his ^^Perienced when we first read German letters of reference for any future critical examina­ native Silesia when the Nazis came to power. ^^d publications after the war. A language, it tion of the Holocaust. He also wrote a great His story has the inevitability of a Greek |s true, is a living organism, and the German number of contributions to newspapers and tragedy where the hero's destruction is the language had changed as all organisms do. periodicals, in German and English, on a wide result of his own actions—his "tragic guilt". ^Part from this, however, we found words that variety of subjects. Several novels and collec­ Klepper was obviously a lovable man who had been coined against a mental background tions of short stories were published in Ger­ believed in his poetic mission, who was inno­ which we recognised and from which we re­ many, others are still awaiting publication. He cent of any political thought and blissfully coiled. At the same time, a great many refugee has received a number of awards recognising unaware of the world around him. In 1933 Writers continued to write, but there was no the part he played in clarifying German-Jewish there appeared a short novel of his, "Der ^ignificant poetry which requires constant con­ relations. Last year, on the occasion of his 65th Kahn der frohlichen Leute", full of fun and tact with the living word. Karl Wolfskehl, who birthday, a "Circle of Friends of H. G. Adler" humour in which even unemployment, the "Id write a "Song of Exile", explained this was formed in Germany, presided over by scourge of the times, was a source of gentle Predicament: "Und ob ihr tausend Worte habt, Pater Willehad P. Eckert and Wilhelm Unger. amusement. Two years earlier, Klepper had Oas Wort, das Wort ist tot". As a Festschrift, a slim volume "Buch der married a Jewish widow with two young Equally post-war poets in Germany were Freunde"') has appeared in which many Ger­ daughters. He lived in Breslau at the time slow- to come forward because they had to man and a few Jewish writers have written working for the press and the regional radio Create a new language for themselves: a about his life and work. The book also con­ stations, and even then Breslau was the least Jjtiguage that owed nothing to the classical tains some thirty unpublished poems of his, philosemitic of German cities. There is no ^rman tradition or to foreign influence, as covering the whole span of his adult life. indication that he was ever worried about the they had far too long been denied access to Simultaneously, a collection of recent poetry, consequences of that marriage. In 1932, the either. dedicated to his second wife, the sculptress family moved to Berlin where he continued to It seems a miracle therefore to find that Bettina Adler, was published: "Viele Jahres­ write and broadcast and started work on a there is a Jewish poet who survived all the zeiten". ') major book, a biography of Frederick the Great's father Frederick William I who until horrors of the concentration camp and never H. G. Adler's poetic Language ceased to write poems. H. G. Adler who now then, and mainly in the light of his ill-treat­ '^s in London, retained his spiritual integrity These poems have a language of their own. ment of his son, had enjoyed the reputation and purity of vision in the most harassing Stifter, Holderlin, Kafka and the German of an uncivilised monster. Klepper decided to ^ifcumstances. He survived Theresienstadt, Expressionists have been mentioned as possi­ rehabilitate him, and when the book on the •Auschwitz and two outposts of Buchenwald, ble influences, and occasionally there is a soldier king, "Der Vater", eventually appeared, ^iid in all probability he owes his survival to slight similarity, but Adler has created an it proved to be a resounding success. In the the fact that he continued to translate his idiom which is unmistakenly his alone. From meantime a small volume of religious poetry ^?^Pcriences into poetry. It is well-known that the very first, his poems do not easily yield gained Klepper acclaim as a Christian poet. he inmates of camps who had some strong their meaning, one has to read them repeatedly ^lief were kept alive by that very belief and to penetrate their stark integrity. They refer .hat those who gave up hope, were usually to everyday happenings and contain words The Klepper Case 'jnmediately spotted and put to death. H. G. that are in everyday use, but they are inter­ spersed with an almost metaphysical imagery. However, soon after the beginning of the new Adler was kept alive by his belief that he regime, Klepper began to be attacked. Alas, Would one day be able to explain to the world No single passage can convey the essence of his writing, but perhaps a quotation from a he vvas no fighter. When his membership of JJ'hat had happened and how and why it had the "Religious Socialists" who were affiliated happened. poem written in 1943 in Theresienstadt gives some indication of the poet's status: to the Social Democratic Party had threatened He was 29 when he was trapped in Prague his employment with the Berlin radio station, ^y the outbreak of war. He had concluded Gewiss doch: leben! wechselnd sammein he immediately renounced it. In the summer j.^ studies of philosophy, musicology and und erwidem of 1933, when the Listeners Federation deman­ literature a few years earlier and had begun Und ein Gewebe tragen, das besteht, ded his removal from his broadcasting job, on JO Write poetry. For the first two years of the Und ein Gewand, das tausend Tode nicht the grounds of his socialist past and his Jewish war he did all kinds of uncongenial work to zerfiedern, wife, he sent an abject letter to the head of ^upport himself and his young wife. In 1942 Ein stolzes Denkmal seiner selbst, das nicht his department stressing his pure Aryan OOth were deported, first to Theresienstadt, vergeht, descent and the fact that when writing in J?en to the East. His wife died in Auschwitz, Sich selbst verkunden in beriihmten Liedern "e kept on writing. In 1947 he settled in Und im verschwiegenen Gebet. Continued on page 2, column 1 .'«g3e'';-,a?.i»w»!Brj.gii!3'-:--9^^jii..?g:awTOg^ffg'B

Page 2 AJR INFORMATION May 1976 A QUESTION OF FROM THE GERMAN SCENE SURVIVAL NOSTALGIA FOR THE NAZIS LENIENCY FOR NSDAP SUCCESSORS Continued from page 1 A search of the business premises of Lothar Seven members of the NSKG (Nationalist Hartung of Soltau, self-styled 42-year-old Campaign Group for Greater Germany), aged socialist papers before 1933, he had always "Expert for the Third Reich" yielded hundreds between 24 and 58 years, were sent to prison confined himself to non-political topics. He did of NSDAP pamphlets and hand-bills. Hartung for between 6 months and one year by a not retain his job, but was found emplojrment is also the manager of a "German Army Duesseldorf court. When they were arrested, with a radio joumal. Museum" which offers reproductions of arms, the police had found an arsenal of handgren­ medals and decorations issued during the Nazi ades, pistols and revolvers and ammunition, From that time onwards he became more regime. One pamphlet "Dedication to the as well as a store of swastika armbands. The and more involved in a struggle that was only Fuehrer" expresses etemal loyalty to the Court established that the organisation had to end with his life: he endeavoured to become Fuehrer's memory, another depicts a man aimed at setting up a new national socialist a member of the Reichsschrifttumskammer, breaking his chains, with the caption: regime. Nevertheless six of the seven men to which all writers had to belong if they "There must be an end—^vote for Hitler!" were given suspended sentences. The leader of the group was considered to have already wanted to continue in their profession. Friends At the same time, the Central Council of served his sentence whilst under investigation. and old colleagues pleaded for him with the Jews in Germany and other organisations pro­ There was applause for the judge for his leni­ highest in the land, even with Goebbels him­ tested against an exhibition of "antique wea­ ency from a crowd of sympathisers who con­ self, but to no avail. All they acliieved was pons" in Duesseldorf, where SS uniforms, tinuously proclaimed their solidarity with the that he was eventually given a special permit swastika armlets, SA dirks. Hitler busts and men in the dock. to write on condition that everything was first portraits, banners and propaganda pamphlets submitted to the Kammer, and later on to a were displayed and also offered for sale. special department of Goebbels' Ministry of Propaganda and Enlightenment, for clearance. CO-OPERATION ON BUILDING PROJECTS Klepper eagerly seized on this chance and AMERICAN NAZI LEADER ARRESTED WITH ISRAEL continued to send in religious and other poems and newspaper articles some of which were Twenty-three-year-old Gerhard Lauck, self- At a press conference in Tel Aviv, the eventually allowed to appear. At one time styled head of the "NSDAP Abroad Organisa­ Federal Minister for Town Planning and Build­ there was a great deal of delay before per­ tion" of Lincoln, Nebraska, an American citi­ ing announced closer co-operation between mission was given, and Klepper wrote to zen, was arrested on Mainz Central Station. He Israel and the Federal Republic in Town Plan­ was wanted by the German authorities for ning and Building. Minister Ravens who had Goebbels himself, sending him a copy of "Der maintaining contacts with militant NS groups followed an invitation of his Jerusalem col­ Vater" as proof of his right-mindedness and in several European countries and for publish­ league, Abraham Ofer, expressed his admira­ signing the letter like all other letters and ing a paper "NS Kampfruf". He was found to tion for the high standards of the Israeli build­ submissions to follow "Heil Hitler". He also carry 10,000 stickers each with slogans "Don't ing industry and said that a joint committee often called at the office of the Ministry where buy from Jews" and "Lift the NS Ban". for the exchange of experiences in the field he was frequently received by fonner col­ was to be set up. leagues who had risen to high office and who in some cases genuinely tried to advise and assist him. He worried about the safety of his LAWYER FOUND GUILTY OF INCITEMENT GERMAN UNIONS SUPPORT ISRAEL wife and step-daughters, but recoiled from the TO RACIAL HATRED idea that he should leave the coimtry to ensure The chairman of the DGB, the Federation of it. Manfred Roeder, a 47-year-old Darmstadt German Trade Unions, was a member of the lawyer who had publicly claimed that the trade union delegation which visited Israel murder of 6 million Jews was a vicious lie to recently. He promised an annual contribution Conflict and Tragedy blackmail the German people, was found of about £2,000 for the next four years to At one time, the official in charge of his guilty of inciting racial hatred. He was given provide scholarships for the Afro-Asian Insti­ a suspended seven months' prison sentence and tute of the Israeli Histadmt. The Institute holds case was a well-meaning and humanitarian fined DM3,000 (about £575) as well as ordered courses on labour and organisational matters literary man, a Dr. Koch who went to great to pay costs. In a pamphlet "The Auschwitz for students from countries in Africa and Asia. lengths to help. Once he hinted that Klepper Lie" Roeder had proclaimed that camp in­ should either divorce his wife or emigrate mates moved around freely and did their work with her. The poet at once rejected such a eagerly and contentedly. In court he com­ suggestion, saying that to do so would cut him plained that he was made to suffer for his MEDAL FOR BAVARIAN PRIME MINISTER contributions to historical research. He called off from his people and would render him the public prosecutor a spokesman for Zionist incapable of ever writing again. Eventually imperialistic interests who was supported by The Bavarian Prime Minister, Dr. h.c. he arranged for his eldest step-daughter to go Zionist henchmen. When the judge pronounced Alfons Goppel was awarded the medal of the to England. At about the same time his wife sentence, Nazi sympathisers in the Court Magen David Adom for special merits. The was baptised, and the couple were afterwards shouted "Germany awake!" "Down wdth Jewish Israeli Consul in Munich, Mr. Remez, was re­ married in church. In spite of all his en­ tyranny!" and ran outside to join battle with ceived by Dr. Goppel and said that the Prime deavours to secure exemptions from the anti- left-wing demonstrators against a too lenient Minister had not only given moral support to sentence. Subsequently Roeder was fined the Magen David Adom, but had also been Jewish laws for his family, the threat of responsible for a generous donation which deportation grew. At last he agreed that his another DM5,000 for writing in a letter to a daily paper in Heilbronn that the protestant made it possible to buy 800 urgently needed wife and remaining step-daughter should leave minister Dietrich Bonhoeffer who had been stretchers for the Kiriath Shmona first-aid the country. He obtained entry visas to Sweden executed by the Nazis after the July 20, 1944, station. Dr. Goppel who is also president of for them, but the decision about their leaving coup, had been a dishonourable traitor who the Bavarian Red Cross stressed that there the country lay with Eichmann, and he refused. abused his position in the Church to conspire were close ties between the Red Cross and The excerpts from Kiepper's diary about his with the British secret service for the downfall Magen David Adom and regretted that the futile negotiations with Eichmann were read of the German people. Israeli organisation had so far been denied at the latter's trial, they have since been international recognition. published and add to one's compassion for the writer who even then had not realised what he was up against. In December, 1942, Klepper, his wife and step-daughter killed themselves. Reality had Greyhound Guaranty Limited at last caught up with them: even a poet Bankers could not remain guiltless and survive in Hitler's Germany. Unless perhaps, he was a Jewish poet. . . . 5 GRAFTON STREET, MAYFAIR,

•) H. G. M\er, Buch dw Fraunda, Stimmen Ober den LONDON, WIX 3LB Dichter uod Gelehrten mit unverSffentlictiter Lyrlit. WIenand Veriag K6tn 1975. 170 pp. ') H. Q. Adler, VIeto Jahretzeltan. Qedlchte. Wlenartd Telephone: 01-629 1208 Verlag KSIn 1975. 190 pp. Telex: 22465 Cables: Greyty, London, W.l ') Em*t Q. Riemschneider, Der Fall Klapper. EIne Ooku- mentation. Deutsche Verlaflsaristalt, Stuttgart. 1975. 142 pp. AJR INFORMATION May 1976 Page 3 HOME NEWS :'*» ANGLO-JUDAICA Anonymous generosity HOME OFFICE INVESTIGATES NEO-NAZIS WILSON AT JEWISH FUNCTION The Central Council of Jewish Social Service has received an anonymous gift of £500,000 The Home Office has started an investiga­ Tel Aviv Hon. Doctorate tion of alleged illegal activities by some which is to be used for the establishment of a community centre in North West London for extreme right-wing groups. The evidence put Harold Wilson's last function, before step­ hefore the Home Office includes the avail­ people looked after by the Jewish Welfare ping down as Prime Minister, was a London Board and the Jewish Blind Society. The ability of guns at £25 a time, illegal training dinner at which he received the honorary in para-military camps by people wearing Nazi- centre will comprise a large number of rooms degree of doctor of philosophy of the Ramat for handicraft, discussion groups and keep-fit style uniforms and insignia and the offer of Gan Bar-llan university. In accepting the a "working holiday in Ulster with the guaran­ classes and a canteen providing subsidised honour, he said that his departure from office meals. There will also be facilities for chiro­ tee of a kUl". Tape recordings and documents would give him greater freedom to speak on Were provided by a Communist, Richard David pody, physiotherapy, and other specialised ser­ matters conceming Israel. He had always vices. Roberts who had infiltrated the National Front worked behind the scenes to effect the release and other extreme right-wing organisations on of Soviet citizens to move to "homes and Another donation, equally anonymous, was behalf of a left-wing anti-racist publication lands of their own choosing". received by "Operation Wheelchair" the Searchlight". The documents reveal contacts London-based organisation which provides with the Ku Klux Klan and other right-wing When he recently celebrated his 60th birth­ medical equipment for wounded Israeli organisations all over the world, preparations day, Mr. Wilson was inscribed in the Golden soldiers. It consisted of a small package con­ for world-wide celebrations of Hitler's birth- Book of the Jewish National Fund by Poale taining diamonds which was sent through the oay and the recmitment of children for Nazi Zion, the British Labour Zionist movement. post to Mrs. LUy Perry, chairman of "Opera­ activities against the wiU and without the tion Wheelchairs". The precious stones were knowledge of their parents DONATION OF GOLDA MEIR BUST wrapped in a page of the "Jewish Chronicle", containing an advertisement placed by the Dr. and Mrs. Alan Spears, of London, N.W., organisation. Their sale realised £330. THE FESTIVAL OF ISLAM commissioned a bust of Golda Meir from Mr. The Rt. Rev. Hugh Montefiore, Bishop of Benno Schotz, the Queen's Sculptor in Ordi­ Advisory post for retiring Jewish headmaster Kingston-upon-Thames, said in an address to nary for Scotland. It was presented to the the Leeds Council of Christians and Jews that Israel Ambassador, Mr. Gideon Rafael, at a Dr. Edward S. Conway who will retire in he hoped that the Festival of Islam which will special ceremony at the Israeli Embassy. June from the post of head of the Camden he held during the next few months, might JFS comprehensive school, has been appointed provide an impetus for better understanding adviser to schools about to become comprehen­ between Christians, Moslems and Jews. The DISCOVERER OF WRECKS sive by the Inner London Education Authority J'hurches, he said should concentrate on the (ILEA). Dr. Birchenough, chief ILEA inspec­ theological rather than the political aspects Mr. Rex Cowan has been appointed a mem­ tor, said at a dinner dance of the school's *hich Israel posed. ber of the Government's advisory committee parent-teacher association that he particularly on historic shipwrecks whose task it is to pro­ admired the school's system of communication The Queen opened the Festival which con­ tect important wrecks on the sea bed. Mr. tains an exhibition on "Palestine" and on with parents, the relationship between staff Cowan, a former lawyer, became interested in and pupils and between older and younger Moslem Jerasalem". It is one of the most wreck hunting in 1968 when he met a success­ ^andiose displays of Islamic civilisation ever pupils. During the dinner, £2,000 was raised ful wreck-hunting Royal Navy team. His own for the school amenities fund. staged in the West. About £2 million were team of divers has since made a number of contributed for its preparation by some oil- major finds in the Scillies. J^ch Arab States, but it was also supported by Manchester Jewish High School the Arts Council, all of Britain's leading BOMB VICTIMS aUowed to stay "luseums and the BBC. The festival's board Manchester's King David High School has of trustees includes Sir Harold Beelay, a One of the most seriously injured in the won its fight to continue in existence. The lormer British Ambassador to Egypt and other Ideal Home Exhibition bombing, 79-year-old local education committee have yielded to former British diplomats well known for their Mrs. Rachel Hyams of Edgware, died as a enormous pressure from the govemors and pro-Arab sympathies. Sir Harold has, however, victim of the cruel onslau^. Her husband, the community and allowed the school to con­ oeclared that the festival "will have no politi- Mr. Joseph Hyams, said that she had spent her tinue. However, a close check will be kept eal dimension". life helping others, especially the blind. on enrolment figures, and a new inquiry will The first Jewish-owned home to have suffered be held in five years' time. BRITISH WRITERS' SUPPORT FOR ISRAEL from deliberate bomb-attack in Belfast was that >j..A number of prominent writers, including of Mr. Sydney Scott, a prominent businessman. Memorial concert for pianist ^mgsley Amis, Alan SilUtoe, Lord Snow, The IRA had picked four houses in well-to-do The singer Johanna Lichtenstern-Metzger ^tephen Spender and Iris Murdoch met the areas of the city in retaliation, as they ex­ and her husband Paul Lichtenstem arranged tsraeli Ambassador, Mr. Gideon Rafael, and plained, for attacks by security forces on a memorial concert at the Belsize Square ^he Israeli author A. B. Yehoshua in the House working-class homes. Synagogue for Lily Narod who had accom­ Of Lords at a gathering presided over by Lord panied the Kol Rinah Choir of which Mrs. |fed) Willis, the Labour Peer and writer of Lichtenstem is the director, from its incep­ Jhe TV serial "Dixon of Dock Green". Though With acknowledgement to the news service tion. The concert, under the auspices of the 'hey differed in their party-political adher- of the Jewish Chronicle. Pioneer Women, included the violinist George ?iices, the writers were unanimous in support- Isserlis, the singers Hazel Giebel and Tobias ^ig the continued existence of the State of Mundy and the Kol Rinah Choir. Mr. Eric pSrael and in condemning the defamatory Moonman, M.P., chairman of the Zionist •:\usade which attemnted to equate Zionism Federation, and Mrs. Moonman addressed the *'th racism. audience and announced that the proceeds of Your House for:— the function amounted to £235. ACADEMIC AID FOR ISRAEL p During a seminar at the Oxford Centre for CURTAINS, CARPETS, Floor at Glasgow old age home closed ost-Graduate Jewish Studies on the theme of For financial reasons, a floor in the residen­ ^ewish resistance and the literature of the FLOOR COVERINGS tial wing of the Glasgow Jewish Old Age Home w91ocaust, a British Academics Committee for for Scotland has been closed down. The chair­ f^tddle East Affairs was set up. The commit­ SPECIAUTY man of the home's committee, Mr. A. Collins, tee s aims are to study modern problems of announced that in 1976 the home faced a j^^ish survival, to help to create better under- shortfall of some £75,000. He appealed for a ending of Jewish and Israeli problems among CONTINENTAL DOWN drive to raise annual subscriptions from £4,000 . ou-Jewish academics and to assist students to £20,000. a overcoming the growing Arab propaganda QUILTS t? universities. One of the members of the Birthday party for Rassian twins J;pering committee is Professor Hilda Himmel- ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS eit of the London School of Economics. At the birthday party of Rebecca and Louise ESTIMATES FREE Simon in Hove, the guests toasted and wished happier retums to the twins Leonid and EL AL IN BRITAIN DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Arkadiy Vainmann in Soviet Russia who were £c^l Al, Israel's Airline's long-awaited (Eatabllshad 1946) sent to prison four years ago on trumped-up , ^30,000 cargo terminal at Heathrow Airport charges of malicious hooliganism after apply­ g^s at last been officially opened. Until now, 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK ing to emigrate to Israel. Both men are .1 Al had to share a terminal with the Irish Telephone: 904 6671 accomplished violinists, and a special birthday ger Lingus airline. It is expected that by 1980 message from Yehudi Menuhin was read dur­ irn ^^ cargo operations may be even more Personal attention ol Mr. W. Shaekman. ing the party which had been arranged by the "Portant than its passenger traffic. Bnghton and Hove Campaign for Soviet Jewry. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION May 1976

SPAIN NEWS FROM ABROAD Rabbi Van der Zyl Retires UNITED STATES THE JEWS OP' RHODESIA Rabbi Dr. Werner D. Van der Zyl resigned his position as honorary minister of the Ex-Nazi not to be president of During the past 14 years, the Jewish popula­ Jewish community in Majorca where he has Rotary Club tion of Rhodesia has declined from over 7,000 lived for some years. Before he went to to an estimated 4,500. A further 650 have left Dr. Wolfgang Wick, a 64-year-old Austrian Majorca, the former Berlin Reform rabbi had in recent months, among them Rabbi Zwebner, been senior minister of the West London industrialist, had been nominated in New York the senior minister of the Bulawayo Hebrew to be the next president of Rotary Inter- Synagogue. Following his resignation the Congregation who returned to his native Israel. Majorca community reintroduced separate nationaL A number of Rotary Clubs all over He reported that if the situation in Rhodesia thc world, including Israel, and Mr. Simon were to deteriorate seriously, the Jews might seating for men and women in the synagogue. Wiesenthal of the Vienna Jewish Documenta­ be caught between antisemitic Whites who put tion Centre protested against his nomination the blame for the "Communist danger" on ISRAELI HELP FOR GUATEMALA because he had joined the Nazi Party in 1933 them and Blacks rebelling against White rule. and the SS in Febraary, 1945, a few months Those who wanted to leave were meeting After the recent earthquake,, Israel sent before the end of the war, and that he had great difficulties in taking their possessions medicine, food, blankets, clothing and tents held an important economic post after the with them. Two years ago three Jews won seats to help the victims. All items had a blue and 1938 Anschluss. Dr. Wick subsequently with­ for the ruling Rhodesian Front Partv with white label attached to them which read: "To drew his nomination, but explained that he large majorities and one was a Minister of the People of Guatemala from the People of had been drafted into the SS as a private and Commerce and Industry in Mr. Smith's Israel". that after the war, as vice-chairman of the Cabinet. Bulawayo has had five Jewish mayors Austro-American Magensite Company, he had since 1965. frequently visited Israel. There are 39 Rotary DEATH OF JEWISH ANTI FASCIST Clubs with a membership of 1,500 in Israel. CANADA PREPARES FOR THE Boris lofan, one of the last surviving mem­ OLYMPIC GAMES bers of the Jewish anti-Fascist Committee in Over 200 firms aid Arab boycott The Canadian House of Commons passed the Soviet Union during the last war, has A list of 24 banks and more than 200 without dissent tough temporary measures to died in Moscow at the age of 85. As Russia's corporations which assist the Arabs in their stop suspected terrorists from entering the leading architect, he was deputed to sign boycott of Israel, was published by the B'nai country, particularly during the period of the with 25 other prominent Soviet Jews, an appeal B'rith Anti-Defamation League. The banks Olympic Games. to "Brother Jews all over the World", made required American exporters to furnish proof The Israeli Olympic Committee has asked at a public Moscow meeting on August 24, that they were complying with the restric­ the international committee to observe a 1941, two months after the start of the Nazi tions imposed bv tlie Arab Boycott Office. minute's silence during the opening ceremonies attack on Soviet Russia. During Stalin's anti- This, said the League, did not break the law, in remembrance of the Israelis killed at the Jewish campaign after the war, he avoided but it violated the American Export Adminis­ Munich Olympic Games four years ago. persecution through his association with tration Act. Stalin's pet project, the never completed BIOLOGICAL AMNESTY FOR Palace of the Soviets. A shock for Henry Kissinger NAZI CRIMINALS The life sentence passed in 1948 by an Secretary of State Henry Kissinger declared PLO IN POLAND that he was thunderstruck to read the revela­ Italian court on former Nazi SS Colonel tions of Mr. Edward R. Sheehan, a Harvard Herbert Kappler, 68, for war crimes has been An agreement was signed in Warsaw research fellow in the magazine "Foreign suspended. He is reported to have cancer and enabling the PLO to open an office in the Policy". Mr. Sheehan is a personal friend of was transferred to a military hospital. Kappler Polish capital. Altogether 105 countries have Kissinger and accompanied him on various was convicted of naving ordered the execu­ authorised the opening of PLO offices. 86 of Middle East trips. He alleges inter alia that, tions of 325 Roman citizens, mainly Jews, in them have already been set up. in Kissinger's {presence the then President 1944 in reprisal for the killing of 32 German Richard Nixon informed President Sadat of soldiers by partisans a day earlier. Among Egypt, President Assad of Syria and King those appealing to the Italian President Leone ROMANIA RENOUNCES ISRAELI Hussein of Jordan that the US favoured the for clemency was the German Chancellor OIL PIPELINE substantial restitution of the 1967 frontiers on Mr. Helmut Schmidt. the Golan Heights and on the West Bank The Dutch Church Council has issued an Until the beginning of this year, Romania within the framework of a general peace. In appeal for the release of the three "Men of had a contract with Israel under which oil a private statement Kissinger is alleged to Breda", condemned to life imprisonment for bought from Iran was shipped to Elath, sent have said that Israel's Golan Heights settle­ having sent 120,000 Jews from Holland to through a pipeline to Ashkelon and then ments were "the worst mistake the Jews have extermination camps. They are 66, 67 and 74 loaded on to tankers destined for Romania. made in 2,500 years", and that America would years old and all three held high office in the Romania has now informed Israel that for eventually force the Israelis to hand them over SS. technical reasons it will not renew the con­ to the Arabs. tract, but have the oil sent through the Suez AUSTRIA Canal instead. The Cairo Boycott Bureau has Chancellor Kreisky in the Middle East announced that Romania had done so in order Death of famous boxer to join the boycott against Israel. Nevertheless, Dr. Bruno Kreisky, Austria's Jewish Chan­ Maxie Rosenbloom, former world light- the Romanian Foreign Trade Minister, Mr. M. cellor, has just retumed from his third tour of Nicolae, subsequently visited Israel to discuss heavyweight boxing champion who later the Middle East as a member of a Socialist appeared as a punch-drunk boxer in over 100 ways of expanding trade between the two International mission which visited Jordan, countries. films, has died in California, aged 71. He won Iraq, Syria and the Gulf States. He also pri­ his title in 1930 and retained it for five years vately visited Saudi Arabia which does not in over 100 fights. recognise the Socialist Intemational. He JOSSEL ROSENSAFT'S ART COLLECTION announced that all Arab States, including EXECUTION IN IRAQ Iraq and Saudi Arabia, were ready to recog­ AUCTIONED nise Israel's existence within her pre-1967 The Dutch Foreign Minister was informed Mr. Josef (Jossel) Rosensaft, founder and borders and that "nobody wants to throw the president of the World Federation of Bergen- by the Iraqi Ambassador that a 40-year-old Israelis into the sea anymore. Everybody Dutchman, Leendert Ahronson, had been Belsen Survivor Associations, died in London recognised the PLO as the sole representative recently. The art collection which he built up sentenced to death and executed three months of the Palestinians". ago, allegedly for spying for Israel. The Dutch in Switzerland together with his wife Hadassah, a doctor whom he married in Belsen and who Govemment lodged a strong protest with the Vienna city guide for Jewish visitors Iraqi authorities. During his imprisonment was one of the main witnesses at the Belsen Ahronson had appealed for help to the The city of Vienna has published a short trials, fetched nearly £3 million when it was General Secretary of the U.N. and to Amnesty illustrated guide in English for Jewish visitors. auctioned at the Sotheby Parke Bernet Gal­ International and stressed that he had never It contains an outline history of the Jews of leries in New York. It contained some 55 been a spy. Vienna and a list of some of Vienna's famous impressionist and post-impressionist works, Jewish citizens. four Chagalls and a set of nine 18-carat gold sculptures commissioned by Mr. Rosensaft and PEACE MEDALS FOR AUSTRALIAN JEWS cast last year by the Morris Singer Foundry. Two of the seven Australians who were pre­ BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE Most of them were by British artists. Mr. sented with UN peace medals by Dr. Wald­ 51 Balslza Square, London, N.W.S Rosensaft is reported to have left many debts and some of the paintings are pledged to heim, UN Secretary General during his visit SYNAGOGUE SERVICES to Australia, are Jews. Mrs. Ruby Rich Schalitt, banks. Rosensaft escaped deportation to Ausch­ the first president of Australian Wizo, has are held regularly on the Eve of Sabbath witz during the war by jumping from a train. been a leader in the straggle for women's and Festivals at 6.30 p.m. and on the day He eventually reached Belsen where he and rights for over 50 years. Major-General Cullen at 11 a.m. his wife were freed by the British and he assumed leadership of the camp population, has been a leading member of the Australian ALL ARE CORDIALLY INVITED Jewish Welfare Society since 1933. defending their rights throughout his life. AJR INFORMATION May 1976 Page 5

Robert Weltsch duce moral principles or even long-term reasonableness into political thinking. Having thus failed in the "real" world, EDUCATION IN OUR TEMES is there some consolation to be found in being vindicated in the world of the spirit? There Experiences of one Israeli and six Germans must be, because without such belief all honest human endeavour would be without foundation. The publishing house of Felix Meiner, to the Jewish soldiers who, like Emst Simon, However, Simon's confession of faUure is familiar from pre-Hitler days for its excellent had joined the army as enthusiastic German certainly exaggerated. He was after all editions of philosophical classics, including patriots. After the Judenzaehlung of Novem­ appointed professor of pedagogy at the Hebrew Maimonides, has lately started a series Pcda- ber 1, 1916, Simon became an ardent Zionist University in 1955, and finally Director of the 9ogics in Self-Presentation. The first volume* and, under the influence of Rabbi Nobel and University's Pedagogical Institute, thus occupy­ eontains six contributions by senior German Franz Rosenzweig and his circle, a religious ing the highest position attainable in this field. educationists, all but one born in the nine­ Jew, a Talmid Haham steeped in Jewish learn­ Everyone famUiar with the Israeli scene knows teenth century, and one by Emst Simon, an ing. The phases of this remarkable development that thousands of grateful students admire and Israeli Jew of German origin. He appears as are recalled by Simon with lucidity and venerate him, and the seeds which he planted the odd man out: educated in German schools irresistible charm, not concealing his own in young souls may be temporarily hidden, but and universities, he has a few points in enjoyment of his great talents, wit and versa­ they wUl continue to germinate. common with the others, but his status and tUity and especiaUy his Schlagfertigkeit—the experience as a Jew in twentieth-century gift of quick repartee. •Whilst the forces of evU are strong, "defeat" Germany was quite unlike that of the others ought not to be final. Emst Simon himself con­ Simon's practical experience as a high- cludes with the hopeful and encouraging, —consequently his working life took place school teacher in Germany greatly contributed under completely different circumstances. though enigmatic, quotation from Kohelet to his phUosophy of education, but the deci­ (XI, 1) : "Cast thy bread upon the waters for In his foreword, the editor points out that sive moment came for him when, in 1928, he thou shalt find it after many days" (Authorised during the life-time of the contributors Ger- moved to Palestine with his famUy, and teach­ Version) or, in Buber's Gennan translation: inany's political system has changed three ing in what was stUl a somewhat "under­ "Schicke dein Brot auf die Flaeche times: from the WUhelminian monarchy to developed" country, had first to complete his des Wassers aus, the Weimar Republic, the NS Fuehrerstaat own command of the Hebrew language. His Dennoch, nach vielen Tagen and then to the present Federal Republic. description of his problems is most enlighten­ findest du es wieder." Obviously, the prevalent political philosophy ing to all interested in the developing culture at any time is of decisive influence on educa­ of the Yishuv. There is also the intermezzo tion. We all know what this meant under of his temporary retum to Germany to assist H. I. Bach National Socialism, and to a Jewish reader Martin Buber in his attempts at Jewish adult THE MEANING OF "DIALOGUE" the most pertinent question is a person's con­ education under Nazi rule. This has already Buber's "I and Thou", first published in duct during that regime. None of the contri­ been described in detaU in Simon's book 1923, has been reprinted in Germany together butors was a party member, all six claim Aufbau im Untergang.f with an "EpUogue" written in 1957.* It is the to have been opponents of the regime. To the He finally tries to draw a balance of his life­ central theme of Buber's large literary produc­ onlooker from outside it seems a mystery how, long straggle for the good in a permanently tion and, as far as I know, the only book by nevertheless, they aU managed to remain in changing and not always responsive world a German-Je',vish writer to attain the distinc­ office. Conscious of this anomaly, the editor which has at best, only partly accepted his tion of becoming a textbook for the training explains that different regional governments scale of values. His main difficulty was that his of teachers in social science and welfare in (T-andesregierungen) did not all act in the religious humanism clashed with the official England. same way—a man dismissed in one region, Israeli Orthodoxy and his political humanism The subject of this slim, profound treatise ''^ht have been able to find a position else­ was not accepted by the majority of his might be called a study of relationship or where. The six righteous men succeeded in students. He fears to have failed both in dialogue in terms of religious philosophy. Its escaping the vexations of Gleichschaltung, and the field of education and in his effort to intro- statement is very simple, almost deceptively during the war, when ideological pressure in­ t Schfiftenreihe des Leo Baeck Institutes. Tubingen, 1959. so: "All real life is meeting"; "man becomes I creased, some of them found refuge in the less in meeting Thou". Love is "responsibUity of an Politicised army. I for a Thou". The human world of relation­ Nevertheless, the situation of non-Nazis ship exists not only, even though chiefly, in Working within the NS educational system, The Association of Jewish Refugees in meeting one's human neighbour but may ex­ jnust have been awkward. Most of the contri­ Great Britain tend to animals or trees—"a sphere that butors do not enlarge on this delicate subject, reaches from stones to stars". The relationship f'or do they mention their attitude to the invites members and friends to the among humans, however, is "the very symbol theories and crimes of the regime and how of the relationship to God", "the event of these were dealt with in classes where the which the mundane side is 'return'—its divine Pupils had to be militant Hitlerjugend mem­ GENERAL MEETING side is caUed redemption". bers. There are some hints at the tightrope on Thursday, June 17, at 7.45 p.m. Human relationship to the divine is investi­ talking that was often necessarj', but on the gated in many of its aspects: "Whosoever *hole there is silence. Are we to assume that at Hannah Karminski House, speaks the word of 'God' and really means outspoken adversaries of the regime had a 9 Adamson Road, Swiss Cottage, N.W.S 'thou', addresses the true Thou of his life, chance of surviving in educational positions ? under whichever delusion he might labour". Emst Simon's Jewish Decision I Its condition is "the complete acceptance of the present". This does not mean dropping of Ernst Simon, like the others, tells the story Report on AJR Activities the Ego, as mysticism usually states, but "of °t his family background and early life. He Treasurer's Report the wrong impulse of self-assertion which causes ^ew up in a completely assimilated and non- man to flee from the unreliable, non-tight, non- ^ligious milieu, scarcely aware of Ms Jewish- Discussion lasting, incalculable, dangerous world of rela­ ess in spite of some ugly antisemitic incidents, Election of Executive and Board tionship into the having of things". "That you y^en he joined the army in the First World need God, more than anything, you always War as a volimteer, he had revolting experi- (The list of candidates submitted by the Executive know in your heart, but not also that God ^ces. David Koigen, a Jewish Hegelian phUo- will be pubiished In the next issue.) needs you—in the fullness of eternity, you? ^Pner who died in Berlin in March, 1933, once n How coiUd man exist if God did not need him, wrote: "The Jew has remained the most and how could you exist?" i"emendous phenomenon for the non-Jew. This HAYIM PINNER uappens especially at historical moments when Opposed to the world of relationship Buber ExecntiTe Director of B'nai B'rith sees the sphere of the 'It', the realm of insti­ non-Jew mostly acts from the depth of the tutions, of economy and the State. His book centre, propeUed by his own national wiU speak on ranges far and wide. h rt-^' • • • Where nations make history, the JEWISH PROBLEMS IN A Is is not amazing that a serious considera­ tion of the biblical commandment "Thou °5tUity to Judaism is most cogent." CHANGING WORLD The truth of this statement became evident shalt love thy neighbour like thyself", in LudiT*'**'!"'"' '" Selbstdaretellungen Herausgegeben von secular terms, shoiUd encompass almost the BlsiTJ^ J- Pongratz. Band I mit Beitragen vofi Fritz Non-members are not entitled to vote, circumference of the world? fanner, Hans Bohnenkamp, Otto Friedrich Bollnow, but are welcome as guests at the meeting. Ern« I" Caselman, Erich Feldmann, Martin Kellhacker, 'Martin Buber, leh und Du. Heidelberg (Lambert OM 34 "• ^^'''* Meiner Veflag, Hamburg 1975. 342 pp. Schneider) 1974. DM 14-80. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION May 1976

C. C. Aronsfeld J.R.S.O.'s 25 YEARS A JEWISH PATRON OF THE When, after the end of the Second World War, restitution laws were enacted by the three occupying Western powers, they stipu­ NATIONAL THEATRE lated that the owner of former Jewish property should also be liable to restitution if no claim Now that the National Theatre has at long in the tailoring and dressmaking trades in had been submitted by the original Jewisb last come into being, it is perhaps right to London. She had a penchant for German owner or his heir, or if the property had remember the share in its growth of a former music and when a German company gave become heirless because the entire famUy had German Jew who made a very substantial performances at Covent Garden, they were the been wiped out. Furthermore, as a result of contribution. He was neither an intellectual Meyer's guests. But she also had a knack of the holocaust and of emigration the number nor a theatre man but a banker with a deep introducing and fostering talent—"if you of Jews which had amounted to 600,000 in interest in the arts—Sir Carl Meyer (1851- want to hear a young lion learning how to pre-1933 Germany had dwindled down to such 1922) who as early as March, 1909, put down roar effectively, just drop in at Adele's", was an extent that the needs of the communities the then prodigious sum of £70,000 for the re-established by the survivors or newly settled a trendy formula among artists and connois­ Jews were substantially below those of the inauguration of the Appeal. seurs in 1903. large original communities. To recover the Meyer's life has, oddly enough, never been In this set the idea of a National Theatre unclaimed, heirless and former communal recorded—even in the tale of the National was frequently discussed. There were hopes, property in the three Western Zones of Ger­ Theatre now told his name is barely heard. In plans, designs—what was wanting, said many and the Western Sectors of Berlin, so- 1949 at a fleeting occasion in ParUament, the William Archer, the literary critic (who trans­ called successor organisations were set up, the Financial Secretary to the Treasury happened lated Faust), was "a solid start—the promise Jewish Restitution Successor Organisation to mention that "the largest contributor was of a substantial sum on condition that such (J.R.S.O.) for the American Zone (1948), the Sir Carl Meyer", and in 1961 Donald Wolflt, Jewish Trust Corporation (J.T.C.) for the and such another sum was raised". Max British Zone (1950) and the French branch the actor, asked in desperation: "Where is Reinhardt, the German Jewish producer, also of the J.T.C. for the French Zone (1952). the £70,000 left by the late Carl Meyer?". joined in the debate: "In the project for an Nobody seemed to know, and perhaps some English National Theatre (he wrote) I greet The history of the J.T.C. and its French of the answer, like much of Carl Meyer's life one of those valuable ideas from which later branch is described in great detail by Dr. C. I- story, lies hidden in files which vested interest Kapralik in two books, the first one "Reclaim­ generations will trace the dawn of a new era ing the Nazi Loot" (1962) covering the period often delights to withhold from probing in art". glances however legitimate. 1950 to 1960, and the second (published in Yes, but who would do something about it? 1971) the subsequent years. Meyer who came from Hamburg in 1872 "If only some announcement could be made We are now presented with a report of and was naturalised in 1877, made a name that would bring reality into what stUl ap­ J.R.S.O. for the years 1947 to 1972. The for himself as an associate of N. M. Rothschild peared to most people as little more substan­ authors are J.R.S.O's Secretary, Saul Kagan, during the late 1880s. In 1892 he went as their tial than a dream!", writes a historian of the and its Comptroller and Director of Reports representative to South Africa and there National Theatre: "To Mrs. Alfred Lyttelton and Information, Emest H. Weismann. As loomed large in negotiating the loans which must be given the credit for securing just opposed to the detaUed description of the enabled CecU Rhodes to acquire the majority what, at the moment, was so badly needed. J.T.C. books, it is a booklet of 40 pages. Never­ of the De Beers Diamond Mines shares. Part It was she who contrived to win the interest theless, it touches on the variety of problems of the deal was that he joined the board of of her friend, Mrs. Carl Meyer, and through which arose in the course of the activities. De Beers and subsequently became chairman her the support of Carl Meyer himself—a During the initial period claims were lodged of their London Committee. He spent a good against the individual owners of formerly wealthy and generous-minded man". The Jewish property. However, to shorten the pro­ many years in South Africa where in fact result was the £70,000, to which later another he amassed a very substantial fortune. As cedure, at a later stage global settlements with Rothschilds' agent he was largely in charge of £30,000 was to be added once a suitable site the Lander came into the fore. the amalgamation of De Beers and other was foimd. It was in appreciation of these The report also states that most victims of Kimberley mines. In these very big business (as well as relatively minor social) services Nazi persecution did not have the means to transactions, he worked with some even that Carl Meyer was knighted in 1911. enter into legal proceedings. For their benefit greater men—Ernest Cassel and Alfred Beit, He belonged to that generation of Anglo- the United Restitution Organisation (U.R.O.) all kinsmen of his, ex-German Jews. German Jews whose devoutest wish was peace was founded in 1948 and offices were estab­ between their native and adopted coimtries. lished in Israel, the United States, France, He did not, however, stay with Rothschilds Like the rest he suffered grievously when Great Britain as well as in the British and much longer. His ambition apparently was to hope went down in war. In 1915, at the time French Zones of Germany. The United States be admitted to partnership but in this he did of the sinking of the Lusitania, he declared Military Govemment, we ar^ told, was first not succeed and the failure so irritated him unwUling to authorise "an unknown legal aid his "detestation at the horrors committed by society" to operate in the American Zone and that he decided to branch off on his own. He the German Army and Navy, culminating in instead arranged for the opening of legal aid withdrew from South Africa and having the cold-blooded murder of the innocent"; he departments of J.R.S.O. Eventually for all secured a high standing in the City, he served "lost all regard and affection for the country intents and purposes these departments acted for several years as director of the National which is not ashamed of applauding such acts as branches of U.R.O. Bank of Egypt; he also involved himself in of infamy". Like the rest too, he was not The incoming proceeds of J.R.S.O. were dis­ the then fast expanding and of course always spared the sore trials which the foreign bom, tributed on the basis of arrangements with the lucrative construction of railways outside especially the Jew, must expect in times of following organisations:— Europe, in this case China. crisis. The increasing rigour caused him a Jewish Agency for Israel, 56-95 per cent; It was in those days, the late 1890s and the nervous breakdown, and in a diary he left American Joint Distribution Committee, early new century that he developed his active a record of grim misery. He died soon after 28-05 per cent; interests in the arts. He had always been the war, in 1922, aged 71, not long after Council of Jews from Germany, 11-00 per known to be highly musical, not only as a Ernest Cassel, neither hardly exhausted in cent; constant supporter of opera and concerts but body but both mortaUy wounded in spirit. Religious Projects, 4-00 per cent. himself a regular visitor to Covent Garden, in The inclusion of the CouncU of Jews from fact the musical gatherings at his London Germany as one of the beneficiaries was only house were among the noteworthy features of agreed upon after a very hard struggle. On the social season. He equally showed himself the other hand as far as the authors of the aware of his obligations towards the larger Gorta Radiovision brochure are concerned, they appear to have community by endowing a number of London Service recognised the CouncU's claim for a share of hospitals. the recoveries from heirless properties for the (Membtr R.T.R.A.) aid of German-Jewish emigres in need who Like so many other artistically inclined were scattered the whole world over. "Those and musically gifted tycoons (e.g. Sir Robert 13 Frognal Parade, emigres", they write, "the CouncU contended Meyer), Carl Meyer enjoyed the devoted sup­ had a legitimate claim to a share in the funds port of a beautiful wife who was also known Finchley Road, N.W.3 which had been accrued from properties that once belonged to Gennan Jews almost in their as a generous hostess. She attracted the SALES REPAIRS attention of J. S. Sargent, the painter, and his entirety". portrait of her was much admired when exhi­ We can provide a quick and As readers know, the CouncU's shares in bited at Burlington House. Unlike other these funds as well as in the proceeds of the socialites, however, she took an interest also efficient Colour Television J.T.C. have been used for constructive social in social work. In 1909 she published a book Service. work, especiaUy for the erection and mainten­ ance of homes in various countries of resettle­ entitled "Makers of our Clothes", the result (435 8635) ment, as well as to some extent for the benefit of a year's investigation into women's work of the Leo Baeck Institutes. AJR INFORMATION May 1976 Page 7 Herbert Freeden (Jerusalem) ISRAELI NEWS THE UNHOLY QUARREL OVER THE HIGH COST OF LIVING THE HOLY PLACES After the latest "mini-devaluation", the Government announced higher postal and tele­ If one recalls that the Crimean War between and the out-cropping rock in the Second phone charges of up to one-third, a 25 per cent France and Russia broke out in 1853 because Temple was somewhere else on the Mount ? rise in bus fares, and increased petrol, paraffin the various Christian denominations could not The choice between these alternatives wUl and electricity prices. The price for basic food ?gree on the administration of the Holy Places obviously determine the exact location of the like bread, milk and eggs has risen by up to 11 Jerusalem, one need not be surprised if Temple. The Halacha severely restricts Jews 25 per cent. Jews and Moslems cannot either. There are two from walking on the Temple Mount, but of sites in Israel-controlled territory which are course, on its historical, hallowed part only. ^vered by the two religions — the Temple As long as this location is not clearly estab­ DEATHS OF THREE GERMAN JEWS Mount in Jerasalem and the Cave of Mach­ lished, the majority of observant Jews wUl Dr. Harry Knopf pelah in Hebron. refrain from visiting the Mount as a whole, let The lawyer. Dr. Harry Knopf (formerly . The Temple Mount has a central position alone praying there. Berlin), died in Israel at the age of 89. For ^ Jewish tradition, as the place where Another focus of conflict is the Cave of 20 years he held a leading position with the Abraham "bound" Isaac, where David set up Machpelah in Hebron, one of the holiest places URO branch in Israel. He was also active in *jis Altar, where Solomon buUt the Temple. both to Jews and Moslems. The purchase of general legislative questions concerning resti­ Now, two mosques stand there, the Dome of the Cave from the sons of Heth by Abraham tution and compensation both as an author and the Rock and the Al Aksa Mosque. and the burial of the Patriarchs and their as a lecturer to his colleagues. . The question which incites the Moslem world wives on this site is recounted in the Book of is that of Jewish prayers on the Mount. So Genesis (23, 2-20; 25, 9-10; 49, 29-31; 50, 12-13). Carmela Yadin *^. the centre of Jewish worship has been Over the ages, the Jewish community of Hebron Mrs. Carmela Yadin, the daughter of the the Westem Wall at the foot of the Mount, regarded itself as the guardian of the Cave. German-born Zionist leader Dr. Arthur Ruppin the only relic of the Second Temple. But again After the Arab riots in 1929, which kUled 59 and wife of Professor Yigal Yadin, has died ^iid again, attempts are being made by of ithem and wounded many more, all of them in Jerusalem, her native town. She was her nationalistic groups to establish the right of left the city. husband's assistant in administering the team the Jews to pray on top of the Mount. Islam tradition has sanctified the memories which dug up Masada. She was one of the WhUe the Govemment recognises in of the "prophets" Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, first to translate D. H. Lawrence into Hebrew, Principle the fundamental right of a Jew to the Cave became sacred to the believers in but gave up her literary career when she Play on the Temple Mount, in the light of Islam and it was turned into the lower part married. Jewish religious restrictions and in view of of a mosque which was erected above its roof. a situation which may disturb public order, Following the Moslim reconquest of the Dr. Y. Aharoni the IsraeU Supreme Court has twice upheld country from the Crusaders, Sultan Rukan-al- the refusal to grant permission for such Din Baibars decreed in 1266 that Jews and One of Israel's foremost archaeologists. Dr. Yohanan Aharoni, died in Tel Aviv at the age prayers. The Minister of Police has re-affirmed Christians were forbidden to enter the Cave. of 56. He was bom in Frankfurt/Oder, where this policy. This prohibition was maintained for centuries, his father Dr. Aronheim was a lawyer and The decision of the High Court was made and neither Jews nor Christians were allowed, active Zionist. After service in the Army he easier by the waming of the Chief Rabbis, as a rule, to enter the Cave. Those rare visits was appointed inspector in (JalUee for the displayed at the gate of the Mount, that which were permitted were usually made Department of Antiquities and was one of the entrance was forbidden to Jews for fear they possible thanks to bribery, and depended on original excavators of Masada and conducted ^ight desecrate their holy of holies. A recent the whim of the local ruler. Jewish pUgrims several other important digs. decision of the liigh Court of March 21, 1976, during those centuries were allowed to ascend ^ based on an earlier one of September 15, the south stairway only as far as the seventh THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE JEWS ^970. In their consideration, the Judges con- step, to an opening in the wall. There they ^^ the fundamental right of access to the would pray and throw in written pleas to At a three-day conference of the "Inter­ Temple Mount in accordance with the law the Patriarchs. This situation persisted until national Liaison Committee of the Roman Slid declare that no one would bother to find the Six-Day War in 1967. Catholic Church and the Jewish Faith", agree­ J'ut if a visitor at the exalted place would wish ment was reached to set up a committee to Thereafter, the Cave was opened, for the discuss Catholic missionarv activities. Catholic to commune with his Creator or not. The first time in literally hundreds of years to representatives were anxious to dissociate essential criterium is the demonstrative act worshippers of all religions. But this Uberal themselves from recent attacks on Zionism by **f holding a prayer ceremony. "For it is practice did not work out too well. The Jews the UN but refused to be drawn into the dis­ ponunon knowledge how sensitive the subject complained of Moslem harassments, including cussion of the recognition of Israel by the is and this necessitates the exercise of maxi- the holding of funeral processions and Dervish Vatican. Jiiuin care and discretion, as every small rituals during Jewish prayers, and the Moslems incident on the Mount could have serious complained about Jewish interference in their i"epercussions. For this reason it is under­ services. In a set of new regulations, promul­ ALCOHOLICS IN ISRAEL standable that the police should be particularly gated on August 5, 1975, the Cave was to all Mr. Victor Shemtov, the Israeli Minister of anxious to prevent any such act." practical purposes divided into two parts—the Health, announced that since 1965 the number While the Sephardi Chief Rabbi, Ovadia Eastern Gate to be used for Moslem wor­ of people in Israel put under medical care for "osef, has ruled that according to the Halacha shippers, the South-Westem Gate for Jewish alcoholism, has doubled. There were 70 such cases in 1965, and 144 in 1975, 70 of which Prayer is forbidden on the whole area of the worshippers, the Western Gate for tourists concerned Jews of Oriental origin. Mount, the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi, Shlomo and visitors of all faiths. ^ren, has published his opinion whereby The areas of worship have been exactly Player is permitted on certain points of the defined: the Moslems got the Hall of Rebeccah WHAT HAS BECOME OF Mount. A most crucial issue is the true nature and Isaac, the Jasliya Hall and the Yusufiyya MANDY RICE-DA VIES? Oi the "Rock" over which the Golden Dome Halls; the Jews the HaU of Abraham and Sarah, has been erected as a shrine. The Rock is the Hall of Jacob and Leah, the balcony and Thirteen years ago Mandy Rice-Davies was I'oughly 17 metres long and six metres wide, courtyard linking these two halls. Moslems are involved in the Profumo affair. Three years ^d it rises 2.5 metres above ground. The Koran able to pray in their areas 24 hours a day, every later she married Rafi Shauli, an El Al Connects this rock with Mohammed by a steward, and went to Israel. They have since day of the week; the Jews in their areas on separated, but remain partners in a highly 'Nonary visit of his to Jerusalem. It is this weekdays and on the Sabbath, as well as on successful restaurant chain. She has now em­ ponnection which malces Jerusalem the third Jewish Holy-days, in accordance with the barked on a new career as an actress, playing 11 rank of the holy cities in Islam—after Mecca accepted hours of prayer. However, on Fridays the part of the "blonde bomb-sheU" in an and Medina. However, Jewish tradition states —^the Islamic special day of prayer—Jews wiU Israeli adaption of an old Broadway success (Mishna Yoma 5,2) that in the Second Temple be limited to evening prayers only, to "Who's afraid of marriage?" She explained to ^en the Holy Ark had disappeared, a rock greet the incoming Sabbath. an interviewer that she feels at home in Israel ?hout three fingers high served the high priest As is customary in such arrangements of and said: "I don't find Tel Aviv aU that in the holiest of holies on Yom Kippur instead give and take—none of the parties is satisfied, Jewish. I often feel I am more aware of the Of the Holy Ark: Is that low rock of the customs and traditions than manv of my and the Moslems, furthermore, fear that this friends. I grew up in a rather Jewish atmo­ Jewish tradition identical with the huge rock principle of division may be extended and sphere in suburban Birmingham and appre­ ^nder the Mosque of Omar, only exposed much introduced to the Mount of the Temple—and ciated the "heimische" atmosphere at the turther—or have the two nothing in common. it is this fear which aids their mUitancy. homes of Jewish friends". s^p|)HWigsi»BB8sgaeiwffsy^w'»wi?r;wgBi^^

Page 8 AJR INFORMATION May 1976 IN MEMORY OF RABBI MAYBAUM March 2, 1897, Vienna—March 24, 1976, London Rabbi Dow Marmur rabbi and lecturer, Dr. Maybaum was a proMc Bom in Vienna, he studied at the Hochschule writer. It is for his contribution to post-war fuer die Wissenschaft des Judentums and the THE THINKER AND TEACHER Jewish theology that he will be remembered University of Berlin. He started his career as by future generations. We hope that one of his a rabbi in Bingen (1926-28) and Frankfurt/ In his Creation and Guilt, the penultimate disciples wUl in time present us with a full- Oder (1928-36). In 1936 he got a "caU" to book Ignaz Maybaum pubUshed in his lifetime length biography covering over forty years of BerUn, where he also lectured at the Teachers' (he completed a manuscript for publication theological creativity, which comprises two Seminary. Yet his personal contacts with com­ shortly before his death which, it is hoped, volumes in German, eleven (including the yet munal workers and organisations in Berlin will appear in the not-too-distant future), he unpublished) in English and a wealth of essays, had already been strong whUe he stUl lived wams that "a fatherless generation becomes articles, book reviews, etc. in Frankfurt, a place not far away from the a generation of cruel zealots, rejecting peace One of the many things one leamed to capital. On one occasion, when he attended and choosing war". He saw the barbarism of admire in Maybaum was that although many a supposedly private gathering in Berlin, he the twentieth-century from this perspective, of his congregants refused to rise to the level was denounced and put under arrest for and urged Jewish nationalism to avoid the of his teaching (and told him so), and despite several weeks. danger of "fatherlessness" in this sense. In the fact that many a lesser thinker came to His "ideological" itinerary began in the his theological exegesis of the Akedah, the be feted by Jew and non-Jew aUke as the "Zionist" camp. In those days, the ideologies story of the binding of Isaac as told in the exponent of Judaism, he never aUowed himself of "Zionism" or "assimUationism" (as if the Book of Genesis to which he retumed fre­ to be bitter and dejected but continued to give "Zionists" had not been equaUy "assimilated" quently, he sought a formula for the accord us of his knowledge and wisdom in his ininut- to German culture) were heatedly debated between father and son as a deliberate rejec­ able style, so unsuitable for popularisation and among German Jews. The discussion touched tion of the tension implied in the Freudian joumalism. "I am not clever", he used to say, upon basic principles of general politics, phUo­ understanding of the Oedipus complex. "but my pen is". That is how he explained the sophy and religion and may not be easUy As a teacher at the Leo Baeck College since aphoristic, almost oracular, sentences of which understood by Jews who live in the more or its inception he tried to make sure that the his sermons, and his books, were made up. His less pluralistic societies of Western coimtries. new generation of rabbis that emerged after readers would disagree; they had no doubts Furthermore, many arguments of those days the war woiUd not be fatherless. Although the about his own insights but, at times, would have become obsolete after the creation of the Holocaust had deprived us of many teachers have been happier with an easier style. Jewish State. Yet in the pre-1933 days in and witnesses to the glory that was European Germany, the Zionists were only a compara­ Maybaum saw himself as a disciple—and a tively smaU minority. The fact that they were Jewry, Ignaz Maybaum, together with a handful critic—of Franz Rosenzweig, and like Rosen­ of colleagues, set out to provide the link be­ thus "anti-establishment" was one of the attrac­ zweig he did not try to create a theological tions of their movement, especially for the tween past and future and train the new system; Judaism does not lend itself to it. generation of teachers. For many of us he younger generation. Ignaz Maybaum was one When once asked by a pupil why he did not of those early Zionists. became the mentor/father figure who pre­ use more Midrash in his sermons, he repUed : vented us from feeling intellectually and "Because I create it". The teachings of Ignaz Things changed, however, in 1933. Under the spiritually orphaned. The loss of his famUy Maybaum provide our generation with the impact of the catastrophe, many Jews who is thus shared, in a very real sense, by his most penetrating Midrash which in a profound had been "anti-Zionists" or were even entirely pupUs. way seeks to bridge the gap between Jewish alienated from Judaism and Jewry, went to Many of Dr. Maybaum's books were written, tradition through the ages and the Jewish con­ the opposite extreme, and "Zionism" (as they as he himself frequently stated, for his students dition of today. It is contemporary Jewish understood it) became "fashionable". It was and discussed with them at every stage before thought at its most challenging. This modem in that period that Ignaz Maybaum, in common publication. We often argued with him, since Midrash covers such diverse areas as the Jew­ with quite a few other "old" Zionists, raised our conception of the rabbinate, of the role ish way of life; our understanding of the his voice against the over-simplification and of Reform Judaism, and of Jewish theology Holocaust and modem Israel; our relationship misinterpretation of the Zionist idea. His work differed drastically from his. He did not share to Christianity, Islam as well as contemporary "Parteibefreites Judentum" testifies to this our quest for skills in counselling and allied humanistic thought. In his writings Maybaum attitude. Notwithstanding the radically changed fields nor our involvement in the politics of offers us a critique of Hasidism, contemporary position of the Jews in Germany, and without communal life. Neither did he understand our Orthodoxy and Reform, as well as Freudian renouncing his love for Zion, he stressed the pre-occupation with traditionalism and Halacha, psychology. These and other themes form the legitimate status of Jewry in the diaspora. and he challenged pietism in all its manifesta­ threads of a rich tapestry that will adom the As on other occasions, he always had the tions. But he was always young enough to hear intellectual world of Jews and Christians alike. courage of his conviction, and it is no accident us out, and perhaps even modify his views as The last thing he did before his Ulness, inciden­ that in the tributes paid to him in this journal a result. tally, was to give Dutch Television a lengthy on his 70th and 75th birthdays, he was des­ Yet Ignaz Maybaum was not only a "rabbis' interview about his life and thought. cribed as the great non-conformist. rabbi". As the first minister of the Edgware One of those present at the funeral said He and his family came to this country only and District Reform Synagogue, he showed privately, "I feel privileged to have known a few months before the outbreak of war. his skills as an organiser, pastor, even fund­ him". His friends, congregants and pupils all For some time after his arrival, he was given raiser. For it was under his leadership that share the feeling. Their continued labour for the opportunity of preaching in German in the the congregation grew dramatically to become the glory of God and the good of Judaism vrill Hampstead Synagogue, assembling around him one of the major religious centres not only in best honour his memory. a wide circle of fellow refugees. Yet soon the area but also in the Reform movement this came to an end, and the war years, when as a whole. Those were years of hard work he could not follow his vocation, were not and little money, foUowing the even more lean Werner Rosenstock easy for him. Yet they were not years of idle­ years of the war when the refugee rabbi was ness. He used the enforced leisure for putting kept on the fringe of the Anglo-Jewish rabbi­ THE GUARDIAN OF OUR HERITAGE his ideas on paper, and the fruit of his labours, nate. "In Berlin", he used to say, "I was a Amongst those who came to this country as in which he was always assisted by his under­ bishop : in Edgware I became a vicar". The refugees, we may, broadly speaking, discem standing wife, was a book "Man and Cata­ formative years of the congregation were fUled three groups: those who live in the past and strophe". In the course of time, a string of with intemal struggles that so often are part cannot adapt their lives to the changed other publications followed, the basic ideas of and parcel of synagogue life. Somehow, even spiritual climate, those who hope to increase which are referred to in the tribute by Rabbi at the worst time, their pettiness never really their chances of being recognised as "equals" Marmur which we are privileged to publish in touched Maybaum; he remained the intellec­ by hiding their origin, and those who blend these columns. tual giant, teacher and leader. He retired in the values of the past with the new vistas It was only natural thait Rabbi Maybaum 1963, and became the revered Minister Emeri­ opened to them after their immigration. Ignaz associated himself with the A.J.R., and he was tus, and, a few years later, the President of Maybaum belonged to the third, and most a board member since the organisation's the congregation. This singular honour was a valuable, group. He had already attained a inception. When we published the booklet token of the esteem and affection in which reputation for himself in Germany, and his "Britain's New Citizens" (1951) to mark the he was held by his congregants. They, too, position in Anglo-Jewish life was last but tenth anniversary of the AJR's foundation, he moum the loss of a mentor and father-figure. not least shaped by the approach of Jewish contributed a chapter on "German Jews and Despite his busy life as a congregational thinkers in Germany. Anglo-Jewry", which has not lost its topicality AJR INFORMATION May 1976 Page 9 Rabbi Maybaum OBITUARY continued from page 8 DR. RUDOLF CALLMANN MAX TAU today. Furthermore, hardly a year passed, in The Jews from (Jermany have suffered a The author Max Tau died in Oslo on March which AJR Information did not carry one or severe loss by the death of Professor Dr. 13. He was born in Beuthen 79 years ago, several articles written by him or reviewing Rudolf Callmann at the age of 84. He was and after completion of his university studies one of his newly published books. an outstanding personality, both in his pro­ became literary adviser to the Bruno Cassirer Yet beyond this "official" relationship, there fession as a jurist and in his services to the publishing house. He always took a special were many bonds of friendship between his German Jews before and after their dispersion. interest in Scandinavian literature and, in famUy and the families of other former A partner to his father's lawyers' firm in 1938, emigrated to Norway. During the occu- refugees, many of whom had already known paition he found refuge in Sweden, but Cologne, he was a specialist on questions of retumed to Oslo after the end of the war. him from the good and bad times they had unfair competition and protection of trade The reputation he had buUt up for himself in gone through together in Germany. They feel marks and wrote commentaries on the relevant his country of adoption is symbolised by the united in their sense of loss with his wife, laws in 1932 and 1934 respectively. What made fact that the Norwegian Government granted Prances, his son and daughter, Michael and his books and articles on legal subjects partic­ him citizenship during the war, while it was Alisa, his daughter- and son-in-law, and, last ularly attractive, was the rare combination of in London Exile. Max Tau considered it as one hut not least, his grandchildren, whom he loved concise scholarship with an admirable ele­ of hds most important tasks to promote cultural so dearly and who also felt so deeply attached gance of style. His legal expertise also became understanding between the nations, especially to him. important for the Jews in Germany before between Norway and Germany. The translation of Thomas Mann's works into Norwegian is 1933 in connection with the anti-Jewish boycott also to a high extent due to his initiative. He propaganda. On the occasion of a civil litiga­ was equally concemed with the work for Mrs. I. Maybaum kindly put the following tion in 1931 he published an opinion on the extract of a personal letter of condolence, German-Jewish and Christian-Jewish under­ which she received from Dr. Robert subject at the request of the Central-Verein. standing. WeUsch, at our disposal: He held leading positions with the C.V., His attitude was recognised by the award "Seit vielen Jahren habe ich Dr. Maybaum first as chairman of the Rhineland district of the first Peace Prize of the German sehr geschaetzt. Wir hatten auch so manches and later as a member of its Presidium. When, Book Trade in 1950, the Nelly Sachs Prize and Qemeinsam, z.B. das Verstaendnis fuer das in 1929, the extension of the Jewish Agency the Grand Federal Cross of Merit with Star. alte Oesterreich und fuer vieles was dort to non-Zionists was heatedly debated in the He also received the highest Scandinavian vorging^ wozu man positiv oder auch C.V., Rudolf Callmann, like Leo Baeck, Otto literary award and was honoured by several hritisch stehen konnte, das aber etwas Hirsch and Ludwig Tietz, belonged to the pro- Festschriften. Wichtiges und Eigentuemliches war, auch Agency wing. He also became a member of His works include a three volume autobio­ im juedischen Leben. Noch vor langer Ver- graphy, the titles of which reflect his attitude: aangenheit haben vrir oft in Berlin ueberein- the Presidium of the "Reichsvertretung" after its foundation in 1933. "Das Land, das ich verlassen musste" (1961); gestimmt in der nonconformistischen und "Ein Fluechtling findet sein Land" (1964); unabhaengigen Haltung, die Maybaum In 1936, Rudolf Callmann emigrated to the "Auf dem Weg zur Versoehnung" (1968). eingenommen hat. Er war ein selbstaendiger United States where, after having obtained t>enker sowohl in theologischen als auch in his American legal qualifications, he resumed politischen Dingen, er hat sich niemals mit his work as a lawyer and soon had many well- den ueblichen Klischees zufrieden gegeben. known big firms among his clients. He also ELLEN LACHS Seine Gedanken haben das juedische Denken published a book under the title "Unfair im Wandel dieser Zeit und angesichts all der graesslichen Erlebnisse, die vrir durch­ Competitions, Trade Marks and Monopolies", Mrs. Ellen Lachs passed away on March 17 gemacht haben, wesentlich befruchtet. Er which has become a standard work. at the age of 71 after a long, grave and painful doennte sich keine Ruhe und liess sich nicht At the same time, as in Germany, Dr illness, borne with great fortitude and endur­ abspeisen. Wir haben wenige Menschen Callmann took a leading part in the work of ance. The only daughter of Alfred Baumgarten, dieser Art, und auch in dieser Hinsicht Jewish organisations, built up by the Jews formerly one of the directors of the German hinteriaesst er eine Luecke, die nicht aus­ from Germany. Especially in the field of State Railways, and his wife Sofie, she came gefuellt werden kann. to this country in 1933. In 1938, she married restitution and compensation, his constructive Dr. Reinhold Lachs, a distinguished lawyer and "Darueber hinaus aber schaetzte ich expert activities were of greatest value to the member of the English Bar. Ihren Mann immer als einen warmen und victims. He was president, and later board Uebenswerten Menschen. Ich kann mitfueh- chairman, of the American Federation of Jews When in 1950 the Jewish Trust Corporation 'en, wie sehr dieser Verlust vor allem die for Germany (JTC) was established. Dr. Lachs from Central Europe and a member of the was appointed its General Manager. In agree­ Familie trifft. Ein grosser Kreis von Presidium of the Council of Jews from Freunden und natuerlich Mitgliedern seiner ment with the British Occupation Authorities Gemeinde wird ihm nachtrauern. Ich hoffe Germany, where his counsel will be sadly it was decided to establish the operational auch dass seine Schriften weiterhin ihren missed. For a number of years, he represented Headquarters in Hamburg, where Dr. and Einfluss bewahren loerden." the Council at the Claims Conference. He Mrs. Lachs moved in August 1950. Tribute was equally took an active interest in the work paid to Dr. Lachs's splendid achievements in of the German-Jewish welfare organisations the History of the JTC, pubUshed by that orga­ nisation. EMIL J. SPEYER and institutions in the U.S., especially Selfhelp and the Margaret Tietz Nursing Home. Today it is difficult to imagine the strange It is learned with regret that Mr. Emil J. circumstances in which a number of lawyers Speyer died on April 4 in his 76th year. Having Last but not least, aware of the heritage under the leadership of Dr. Lachs started the spent his formative years in the Zionist youth of German Jewry, he was associated with the Corporation's work in Germany. That the niovement in Germany, he was active in the American branch of the Leo Baeck Institute. esprit de corps prevaUed was in no smaU Jewish field both before and after his emigra­ It was only three years ago that several of measure due to Mrs. Lachs' personality, who tion. Professionally a banker, he started his his former fellow-workers from London met succeeded in creating in the Hamburg home career with the well-known banking firm of him at the LBI's Scholars' Conference at of the Lachs famUy a focal point for the Gebrueder Arnhold (Berlin and Dresden) and Arden House near New York. Though then Allied Staff of the Corporation and their sfter the advent of the Nazi regime, joined already an octogenarian, he was as alert as spouses. She was the true First Lady of that Arnhold's London offshoot, the Anglo-Conti­ we always used to know him. group on foreign soil, always friendly, always nental Banking Corporation. When the AJR smiling and endowed with the invaluable gift Was founded in 1941, he became one of its first The University of Cologne appointed him of bringing together a group of people, who niembers and, for a number of years, belonged an Honorary Professor in 1959, and his guest before the establishment of the Corporation to its "inner circle". This was all the more lectures made a great impact on the students. were hardly known to each other and who by i"emarkable, as at this initial period most of In the interest of the Nazi victims from call of duty found themselves in a City still those refugees who were alreadv "settled" Germany, he also resumed contacts with largely in ruins. Those who had the good for­ still stood aloof. By his advice and his con­ leading German politicians, among them Heuss tune of meeting Ellen Lachs wUl for ever re­ nections he rendered signal services to build and Adenauer. He knew both of them from member with grateful affection her charm and Up the organisation from smaU beginnings. He the pre-Hitler years. innate kindness, and last but not least her Was a board member UD to the end. At the wisdom. C.K. same time he devoted himself to a number of Summing up the personaUty of Rudolf Callmann, our EGL correspondent, who also Zionist organisations, especiaUy as Chairman The AJR which is one of the beneficiaries 3nd later as Honorary President of the stems from Cologne, writes: "Die elegante Theodor Herzl Society, and, together with his Erscheinung, die geistvoUe Persoenlichkeit, of the work of the JTC wishes to associate it­ Wife, to the cause of the "Friends of the das heitere Naturell dieses kultivierten, stets self with this tribute to a remarkable lady and Hebrew University". EmU Speyer wiU be grate- charmant-Mebenswuerdigen Mannes wird so expresses its condolences to her husband (for imiy remembered by aU who knew him. We leicht nicht vergessen werden. Er haette many years a member of the Management extend our sincerest syinpathies to his wife. Traeger des 'Ordens wider den tierischen Committee of the Old Age Homes) and to her Who shared so many of his interests. Ernst' werden koennen". W.R. daughter Leah. ••^•ag«?yj;y'^!giTr , t'ii'!?Tt'is'-a''^;!f-r. I f.it.-- tmf^ '•r^-vfrnrnKOBi

Page 10 AJR INFORMATION May 1976

Walter Breslauer 6. Wilmersdorf: Einzelhandlung eines Schupobeamten ERFAHRUNGEN MIT DER BERLINER In der Nahe Kaiseralle lebte ein jiidischer, natiirlich inzwischen ausgeschiedener Land­ POLIZEI 1933-1936 gerichtsdirektor. Eines Tages erschien bei ihoJ ein uniformierter Schutzpolizist und trug ihm Da es heute auch unter den Mitarbeitem 3. Polizeirevier Berlin-Charlottenburg, folgendes vor: Er sei in der KaiseraUee der AJR-Information nicht sehr viele geben Kantstrasse stationiert und nehme oft kleine Kinder iiber wird, die diese ersten Jahre des Nazi- Einer unserer Vorstandsmitglieder hatte die breite und schwierige Strasse hiniiber. Am Regimes schon als Erwachsene erlebt haben, einige Zeit vor Beginn des Nazi-Regimes gleichen Morgen habe er das kleine Schul­ moge es mir erlaubt sein, einige typische einen Beitrag zu einer linksgerichteten Orga­ madchen des Landgerichtsdirektors heriiber- Erfahrungen niederzulegen mit der Bemer­ nisation, ich glaube der Liga fur Menschen­ fiihren woUen. Sie habe dann gefragt, "Bis* kung, dass ich keinerlei gegenteiUge Erfah­ rechte, geleistet, deren Listen in die Hande Du ein Nazi ?" Als er antwortete "jawohl, rungen gesammelt habe. Die Erfahrungen einer mUitanten Partei-Organisation, der sog. mein Kind", sagte sie, "Dann kann ich nicht beziehen sich naturgemass nur auf die Feldpolizei, gefallen waren. Die Leute er­ mit Dir gehen. Mein Vater sagt, alle Nazis Schutzpolizei, die jahrelang unter der Leitung schienen daraufhin in der Wohnung unseres sind Lumpen." "Ich weiss ja," ging die des Sozialdemokraten Grzesinski und des sehr Vorstandsmitgliedes in Dahlem und horten dort Erzahlung weiter, "dass Sie eine derartige mutigen—manchmal geradezu waghalsigen— von dessen Frau, dass ihr Mann schon in die torichte Bemerkung nicht gemacht haben Vizeprasidenten Bemhard Weiss, den die Stadt gefahren sei, aber Mittag bei einer Sit­ konnen und dass das kleine Madchen wohl Nazis Isidor nannten, geschult worden war. zung in der Kantstrasse, wo sich das Biiro etwas phantasiert hat. Ich bitte aber doch, dasS der Reichsvertretung und verschiedener Sie ihr sagen, sowas nicht wieder zu erzahlen, 1. Bezirk Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Meierottostrasse angeschlossener Organisationen befand, anzu­ sie konnte ein andermal an jemanden kommen, treffen sei. Der Leiter des Biiros unterrichtete der die Bemerkung falsch auffasst." Dies war mein zustandiges PolizeibUro, das sofort das fUr ihn zustandige Polizeirevier, Alles dieses beziebt sich selbstverstandlicb ich in den Jahren 1933-1936 etwa ein halbes worauf ihm erklart wurde, dass man in der Dutzend Mal zu besuchen hatte. Dabei ist nur auf die Schutzpolizei und nicht auf die Mittagszeit einen Schutzmann ins Buro senden aUmahlich immer starker werdenden Nazi- mir aufgefallen. dass der Hitlergruss dort werde, um diese Leute an irgend welchem voUig unbekannt war, sowohl unter den Beam- Organisationen wie die Geheime Staatspolizei Unfug zu verhindern. Tatsachlich fand dann in der Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse und die Staats­ ten wie zwischen Beamten und Besuchern. in einem der Zimmer des Biiros unsere Sitzung Weihnachten 1933 haben wir unsere damals polizeistelle am Alexanderplatz (die iibrigens statt, im zweiten Zimmer verhandelte das unter sich in steter Fehde lebten). Dass aber schon nach London geschickte altere Tochter GemeindevorstandsmitgUed mit der Feld­ besucht. Dazu bedurfte es damals einer be­ von dsr Gestapo auch noch alte Beamte polizei und im dritten sass der Schutzmann aufgenommen wurden, die ihre alte Gesinnung sonderen Genehmigung der Polizei, eine und passte auf. Die Leute zogen dann ab, Praxis, die dann einige Jahre lang wieder bewahrten wenn sie sicher wussten, dass sic ohne den Versuch zu machen, das Gemein- nicht von einem KoUegen oder ihrer Steno- aufgegeben worden ist. Erst 1936 ergab es devorstandsmitglied zu verhaften, erklarten sich, dass sie in Miinchen wieder eingefiihrt typistin bespitzelt wurden, ist in Ursula von aber, sie wurden gegen Abend nochmals zu Kardorifs "Berliner Aufzeichnungen, 1942- war und da sich Nazimassnahmen von der ihm nach Dahlem kommen. "Hauptstadt der Bewegung" aus immer nach 1945" Biederstein Verlag, 2. Auflage, S. 193- 200, 213-215 aufgrund ihrer Erfahrungen im Norden zu verbreiten pflegten, so war dies 4. Polizeirevier Dahlem ein zusatzlicher Grund, unsere bereits geplante Jahre 1944 eingehend geschildert worden. Auswanderung zu beschleunigen. Im Jahre Nach dem vorher geschilderten Vorgang 1933 wollte man hauptsachUch verhindem, hielt es unser Vorstandsmitglied fiir zweck­ dass Geld nach dem Auslande geschickt wurde. massig, bei seinem Polizeirevier in Dahlem 28 YEARS ON Der Leiter des Polizeibiiros, ein alter soge­ vorbeizugehen und die Sache vorzutragen. Der Former "Hyphen" Members meet nannter Polizeimeister mit langem Bart, d.h., Leiter des Reviers erklarte ihm, er wiirde an die Ecke einen Schutzmann stellen, der It was in 1948 that a number of people in ein avanzierter Mittelbeamter, fragte mich; their twenties who had come to this country "Sind Ihre Steuerangelegenheiten in Ord­ auf die Leute aufpassen soil. Wenn sie den uniformierten Schutzmann sehen wtirden, before the war realised that, notwithstanding nung?" Auf meine bejahende Antwort hatten their British passports and their command of wir sofort den Genehmigungsstempel auf wiirden sie sich wahrscheinlich gamicht erst idiomatic English, they were not unreservedly unseren Passen. Wenn der Beamte die Anord­ zeigen. Es geschah so, der Schutzmann stand integrated into their environment and that nung emst genommen hatte, hatte er zwei an der Ecke und die Leute zeigten sich nicht the formative years on the Continent had left Minuten gebraucht, um sich bei dem benach­ mehr. their indelible impact on them. Thus, they barten Finanzamt WUmersdorf-Nord zu verge­ 5. Polizeiprasidium Berlin joined hands and formed a group to which wissern. they gave the symbolical name "The Hyphen". Dies war die Aufsichtsbehorde der Gemeinde This happened in close contact with the AJB Als dann 1935 meine damals 15-jahrige imd ich hatte vielleicht ein halbes Dutzend but, whilst the AJR rendered help whenever jiingere Tochter einen Pass brauchte, um in Mal Gelegenheit, mit dem zustandigen Beam- asked for, it respected the independence of ein Heim nach der Schweiz zu gehen, stellte ten, Oberregierungsrat Stahl, zu verhandeln, the "Hyphen". In the course of time, the group der Polizeimeister ihn aus und iibergab ihn was immer in bester Form und in positiver activities decreased, last but not least because dann mit recht vaterUchen Worten: "Nun, Weise erledigt wurde. Bei meinem vorletzten many Hyphen members had found their part­ Evchen, mm kannst Du auch nach der Schweiz Besuch bat ich aus irgendeinem Grunde den ners for life in the group and built up their reisen." Gemeindevorsitzenden, Direktor Heinrich own families. Yet the bonds between the members were Stahl, mitzukommen. Bevor die Sache wie not entirely severed. This became evident 2. Polizeirevier nahe Oranienburgerstrasse liblich erledigt wurde, ergab sich eine geradezu only recently at a party of 47 ex-Hyphen mem­ absurde Unterjialtung zwischen den beiden bers and others guests of Peter Johnson, one Dies war das Biiro, das fiir die Judische Herren Stahl, die von dem Oberregierungsrat of the founder members, to celebrate his 15th Gemeinde zustandig war, deren Verwaltung angeregt war und darauf hizielte, ob abgesehen Leap Year birthday party. Referring in his ich seit 1931 als sogenannter Verwaitungs­ von der Namensgleichheit irgend eine Bezie­ address to his upbringing in the Jewish Boy direktor leitete. Im allgemeinen liess uns die hung vorlag. Die Scharade kam noch nicht Scout movement, Peter Johnson commented Polizei in Ruhe. Aber 1933 fand sich plotzlich einmal gleich zu Ende als gleich festgesteUt on the present position of this country. He auf einem Schrank im Trauungsbiiro ein wurde, dass Direktor Stahl aus einem Vorort called for buUding up confidence instead of Bajonett. Das Trauungsbiiro war wenig Berlins und der Oberregierungsrat aus dem undermining it, respecting other people's benutzt und der einzige Beamte konnte sehr Westerwald stammte. Dabei musste dem opinions and experience, and helping to im­ Oberregierungsrat klar sein, dass der Vorsit­ prove human relationships. Turning to the wohl einmal abgerufen werden und dem "Hyphen", he stated that manv friendships Besucher auf diese Weise die Moglichkeit zende der Jiidischen Gemeinde offensichtlich had been formed through it and that about gegeben haben, sein Bajonett, das er bei der ein Jude war und dass er selber, der schon etwa 40 marriages had come about. PoUzei hatte abliefem sollen, bei uns unter­ zwei Jahre imter Hitler gearbeitet hatte, The party also had a most pleasant side- zubringen. Ich ordnete sofort an, das Bajonett offensichtlich "Arier" war. Die Sache ging effect for the AJR. It decided to dissolve the bei der Pollzei abzuliefem mit dem Ergebnis, aber leider danach weiter. Als ich noch einmal, account of the now defunct group and to trans­ dass der Empfanger sehr gelacht hat tmd rum letzten Mal, zum Polizeiprasidium kam mit the balance of about £80 to the AJR lediglich bemerkt hat: "Nachstens werden Sie und mich bei Herm Stahl anmelden lassen Charitable Trust. This is not only welcomed was noch ein Maschinengewehr abliefem." woUte, wurde Ich an einen anderen Beamten from the monetary point of view. It also shows Irgendwelche Weiterangen erfolgten nicht, verwiesen. Auf meine Frage, ab Herr Stahl that the former "Hyphen" members are ebenso wenig als sich ein Jahr spater in verreist oder krank sei, sagte der Bote, "Nein, aware of the role the AJR has to play for eiaer Sammlung der Kleiderkammer eine der ist ausgeschieden. Er hat ja schon immer those who once belonged to the "younger" Pistole vorfand, die dann ebenfalls abgeUefert nicht so gewoUt wie man es jetzt von obenber generation and who are now in their fifties verlangt." and, more often than not, members of the wurde. AJR in their own right. AJR UWORMATION May 1976 Page 11

ENERGY AND LOVE PERSONALIA Birthday Greetings to Mrs. Margaret Jacoby SIR LUDWIG GUTTMANN ELECTED FRS JEWISH PHYSICIST HONOURED Again, a year has passed and we have the welcome opportunity of congratulating our Professor Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who was IN BERLIN very dear friend and most active fellow- oirector of the National Spinal Injuries Centre The pro-Israel publisher Axel Springer on worker, Mrs. Margaret Jacoby, on the occasion ^t Stoke Mandeville for 22 years, and who is whom an honorary degree was conferred by of her forthcoming birthday on May 22. Once still active as the Director of the Centre's the Bar-llan University in Ramat Gan, gave a one has passed the age of 90 and, believe it or sports stadium, is among 40 new Fellows of reception for the president of the University, not, she did this a few years ago, the exact we Royal Society. We extend our heartfelt figure of the anniversary is irrelevant. What ^ngratulations to our friend and Board Berlin-born physicist Professor Max Jammer. counts is the fact that her energy and her "lember on this further recognition of his Leading personalities, including the Mayor of devotion to her work have remained Pioneer work for the benefit of the para- Berlin, Klaus Schuetz, and Heinz (jalinski, unchanged. Plegics. chairman of the Jewish community, attended the function. Professor Jammer who once The crowning event of the past year was worked with Einstein at Princeton University, the celebration of the 20th anniversary of AWARDS AND HONOURS handed to Mr Springer the beautifully printed the foundation of the AJR Club, and all those text of the laudatio held in Ramat Gan and who were present at this wonderful party will The 1976 Buber-Rosenzweig Medal of the said that though neither Germany nor Israel remember the charm, wit and poetic gifts ^ouncU of Christians and Jews was awarded should forget the horrors of the past, it was with which she reviewed the history of the 10 Dr. E. L. Ehrlich, secretary-general of the astonishing how close they had once more Club. Whenever, in the course of the day-to­ ^wiss Council and a former European director become. The horrors continued for Israel in day work, special problems, ranging from of B'nai B'rith. a world of global terror, political blackmaU human relaitions to maintenance questions have and unscrupulous defamation, and now as then to be discussed with her, one cannot fail to The Guardini Prize of the Bavarian CathoUc the Jewish people had to fight for its physical admire the clarity and commonsense with Academy was awarded to the Mavor of Jeru­ existence and its moral freedom. which she propounds her constructive sugges­ salem, Mr. Teddy Kollek, and the IsraeU Bible tions. She holds the reins, as she has done expert Shemaryahu Talmon. In the award, throughout the years, yet her authority is not i^ollek was described as a man who had man­ PIONEER PUBLISHER RETIRES based on strictness but on compassion, human aged to establish some peace among Jews, understanding and, last but not least, a strong j-jhristians and Moslems in Jerusalem under One of Britain's most enterprising book sense of humour. May she carry on in the ine most harassing conditions. publishers, Mr. Mark Goulden, has relin­ quished the chairmanship of W. H. Allen, a same spirit and with the same unimpaired firm which he bought in 1939. He is the pioneer health for a long time to come. This is our ^ B.C. TRIBUTE TO FRANZ REIZENSTEIN of "showbiz" books and earned £200,000 for sincerest birthday wish to Mrs. Margaret David Niven's two autobiographical efforts. Jacoby.—W.R. This month, the B.B.C. are presenting a He was also the discoverer of Dylan Thomas. series of four hour-long programmes of music JEWISH MUSEUM SOCIETY Oy the late Franz Reizenstein, who died sud-

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Stefan Bukouiits HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN ESSEN After his return from a visit to Israel, the Oberstadtdirektor of Essen asked the director 20 YEARS AUSTRIAN INSTITUTE of the municipal archives to prepare the pub­ lication of the history of the Jews of the City. Austria was once more a country after the month which are of equal interest to At its peak (untU 1932/3), the Jewish com­ end of World War II, but she remained Four- Britishers as to former Austrians who in the munity comprised 5,000 persons. It attamea power occupied for a further decade. When copious library of the Institute find books and great importance by the increasing industnal- in 1955 an aUied declaration, the "Austrian newspapers avaUable. Many events nowadays isation of the Ruhr district and the fast expan­ State Treaty," gave her complete independence, take place outside the Institute (the recent sion of the city. Between 1933 and the out­ machinery was set up at once to achieve Egon WeUesz Memorial concert was one of break of the Second World War, about halt cultural links with other countries. In Britain, these) because the capacity of 28, Rutland of the members could save their lives by emigration, leaving a Jewish population oi the "Austrian Institute" in Rutland Gate, Gate has often proved to be too limited for about 2,500. The fate of these remnants was London, S.W.7, became a shop window for the large circle of patrons. terrible. Of the more than 2,000 deportees Austrian music, literature and art exhibitions To us, one particular event stands out. A only few returned after the war. which have been visited by a growing number few years ago an evening of entertainment The only comprehensive history, so far pub; of culture-lovers. Today, the Institute is the was held at the Kensington Library, commem­ lished, was written by the former Essen Rabbi Austrian Embassy's Cultural Affairs Section orating the cabaret theatre "Das Latemdl" Dr. Salomon Samuel (Culm 1867-Theresien- which participates in the administration of which is stUl vividly in the minds of those stadt 1942) under the heading "Die Geschichte academic exchanges between the United King­ who remember the darker and brighter der Juden in Stadt und Stift Essen 1291-1802 . dom and Austria, and arranges concerts, aspects of the war years. As no further study has appeared since, tne recitals, shows films and provides lectures on envisaged new work, which wiU, of course, Among the "Latemdl" actors of bygone also cover the end of the community, is to oe a wide variety of subjects. days were Marianne WaUa, Hanne Norbert, expected with particular interest. There_ are, For some ten years the Director of the Fritz Schrecker and author Dr. Rudolf Spitz however, quite a few difficulties in obtaining Institute was Professor Hugo Zelzer, a music who entertained a not-so-young audience, sufficient material, due to the destruction ot expert of renown, who invited artists of rank happUy amused by the variety of their mem­ essential documents, the lapse of time since 1945 and the constant decrease of emigratea to perform at various functions, whilst Mrs. ories. In the absence of the Institute's chief Jews stUl alive. Therefore, anybody who can Zelzer produced "gemuetliche Stimmung" by of that period. Dr. Schlag, Deputy Director provide reliable documents or personal remin­ offering Austrian wine and home-made past­ Mr. Rauscher made an introductory speech iscences should try his best to render some ries of high quaUty. To name just a few of which moved everybody. In the name of the help. . , the artists: Pianists Rudolf Buchbinder and Austrian Ministry's Department he gave By a strange coincidence, the municipal Ingrid Haebler performed, Fritz Muliar, Susi thanks to aU who in those dark days kept archives are accommodated in the premises Nicoletti and Elfriede Ott recited, Vienna's up the morale of the community, and who by which served as official residence of the rabbi City Tovra Planner Roland Rainer commented their strength and their art played their part —next to the Synagogue in the Steeler Strasse, whose facade has been preserved and wh^e on Vienna's origins and reconstruction. Today, in conquering the evU that had engulfed most patinated cupola is stUl part of the city's sky­ Dr Bemhard Stillfried pursues the same of Europe. Simple words, kindly spoken. The line—a memento of the past catastrophe.— course, arranging some five or six events per Institute did well. (E.G.L.)

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Gnbriele Tergit Lebensphilosophie. Die Wirklichkeit war sehr anders. 1932 veriiebte sich Zweig in ein ent- ziickendes Madchen, ich besuchte sie einmal in Spindlermuhle, wo er mit ihr war. Er hatte ERINNERINGEIV AN ARNOLD ZWEIG sich den Kragen abgemacht. Die Hemdknopf- chen steckten noch drin, kein verfiihrerischer Gedanken zu einer Biographie Anblick, kein Mann fiir "Dreiecksverhaltnisse". Aber das Madchen hatte offenbar das Gefuhl, In den sechziger Jahren liess Amold Zweig berg vor kurzem nannte, geschrieben, und fuhr Goethe personlich erobert zu haben. Ein sein Auto "anspannen", fuhr mit seiner Frau 1932 zu Struck nach Haifa. Nun vergiftete er reizender junger Ingenieur Uebte sie, liess 3uf den jiidischen Friedhof Weissensee, um sich mit dem Roman "De Vriendt kehrt heim" nicht von ihr, heiratete sie wohl ein Jahr einen Platz auszusuchen, aber als es soweit sein Leben in Palastina von vomherein. Man spater in Palastina. Zweig hat diese Geschichte War, liess er sich auf dem Dorotheenstadtischen nahm ihm berechtigterweise den Roman iibel. in dem Roman "Traum ist teuer" dargestellt, Friedhof begraben neben Brecht, Becher, An einem nasskalten Abend 1934 sassen wir den coup de foudre, die Besessenhedt, das Heinrich Mann, Bodo Uhse. Das steht in "Der in Jerusalem, ein ungedeckter Holztisch, eine schnelle Abflauen und schliesslich einen Tod des Dichters" von Hans Kamnitzer, Buch­ nackte Bime von einem Draht von der Decke, Besuch bei Ingenieurs. Da sitzt das Ehepaar verlag "Der Morgen" (DDR). vor jedem ein Glas Tee mit einem Blechloffel. Zweig, und Arnold fragt sich: "War ich ver­ Zweig war in Glogau geboren, wo die Eltern Zweig sprach iiber die Gefahr der Entwurze­ riickt? Was habe ich denn an der Frau ein kleines Fuhrgeschaft hatten, die Gross- lung. Der wohlwollende russische Jude, der gefunden? (Jott, was fiir ein langweiliger mutter hausierte Stoffe iiber Land. Sie zogen nach englischer Sitte den Vorsitz fiihrte, sagte: Abend!" "Wollen wir nicht gehen, Bea?" Und bald nach Kattowitz, wo der Vater seinem "Ja, die Entwurzelung aus dem Judentum auf dem Heimweg, Bea am Arm, ist er gliick­ Sattlerberuf nachging, und die Mutter sein durch Moses Mendelssohn war sehr gefahr­ lich, dass er nicht fiir diesen Irrtum das Leben Angefertigtes in einem Ladchen verkaufte. lich". "Ich bin ja ganz falsch verstanden um sich zerstort hat. 1969, nach Arnolds Tod, Studieren konnte Amold nur durch Spenden. worden", rief Zweig aufgeregt, "ich meine die sagte Beatrice zu mir: "Sie konnen sich Er verband den Glauben der Propheten mit Entwurzelung aus dem Deutschen". denken, dass ich diesen Roman nicht liebe".

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Erinnerungen an Arnold Zweig Vienna. Hans Thimig stiU has a weekly pr"' gramme of topical events on Austrian Ramp- Continued from page 13 das anders machen soUen. Paul Effinger sollte Peter Herz, 81, is continuing his musical radio series "Tonende Erimnerunigen". Akademie. Jede ZeUe wurde gedruckt, nannte es geUngen, die Fabrik in Kragsheim zu man einem Taxichauffeur seine Adresse, sagte errichten und damit Wohlstand und Arbeit fiir Boleslaw Barlog, 70, has more creative plajl^ der: "Also zu Professor Zweig". Die bezau­ den ganzen Ort zu schaffen, wie aus dieser for the theatre than many a youngster: .Ws bernde Malerin Beatrice hatte eine Ausstel­ Fabrik eine ganze Stadt entsteht. Der Herzog plans for the year include an opera production gibt seine EinwUUgung . . ." Natiirlich war es ("Don Pasquale") in Duesseldorf. In Graz, W lung, die von 3000 Leuten besucht wurde. "Es wUl direct Moliere's "Bourgeois Gentilhomme. geht uns gut", sagte Zweig zu uns, "eine voile schon, das eigene Buch von einem bedeuten­ Haushilfe, eine Sekretarin, ein Auto mit den Schriftsteller umgebaut zu bekommen, ein Birthdays. Attila Hoerbiger, younger brother Chauffeur". neues "SoU und Haben". Es war erschiittemd, of Paul, is 80, and so is Philip Zeska, active Auf dem Kriegsfriedhof in Amhem sagte hier sass ich beim Prasidenten der Akademie member of the Vienna Burgtheater since 1921- eines kommunistischen Landes und der stellte Celebrations were also arramged for Richard ich: "Es ist schrecklich wie viele von unsem Eybner, also 80, Vienna's Raimund-and Nestroy Mitemigranten in England bei diesem Para- mir einen Fabrikgriinder von 1884 als Volks- begliicker, den Herzog als gutigen Landesvater specialist, who is now retired, and only chutistenangriff ihre einzigen Sohne verloren appears very occasionally. haben". vor. So wunschte sich Zweig die Welt. Das war "Na und in der Sowjetunion?" sagte der ewige alte Jude: "Und Gott sah hin auf Obituary. The opera world mourns Ros^ Zweig, "Und fiir ein grosseres Ziel." "Zweig, seine Werke und siehe alles war sehr gut". Pauly, who died in Tel Aviv at the age of 81- bei Ihnen piepts wohl," sagte mein Mann. Und Wir traten vors Haus. Es war totenstUl unter During her career (mainly in the 'twenties ana 'thirties) she sang at the Kroll Oper, Berlin, Antonina VaUentin fragte mich: "Glaubt er den Baumen und Gaslatemen. "Guten Abend, in Vienna and Salzburg. Ebba Johannsev-> den ganzen Prawdaquatsch?" Nein, er fand Herr Professor", sagte der Taxichauffeur. whose domain were tragic young heroines, sich nicht mit der Verurteilung von Trotzki later changing over to character parts, and ab. Kamnitzer "las ihm nun die Orginaltexte who played in Austria and Switzerland, died vor. Zweig schiittelte den Kopf, wurde sehr in Vienna earlier this year. traurig." THEATRE AND CULTURAL NEWS From the Book Market. Hildegard Knef Zweig liebte Friedenthals "Goethe". Das British plays in Germany. Sometimes openly, (known as Neff in English-speaking countries) erwahnt Kamnitzer aber nicht, dass man iim often "between the lines", German theatres has had more publicity with her second book nicht in der DDR kaufen kann. Wie sehr Zweig are acknowledging the fact that British works "Das UrteU" than with her first one ("D.er wie fast aUe deutschen Juden ein Mensch des of today are superior to their own: progres­ geschenkte Gaul") although the latter had its 19. Jahrhunderts geblieben war, zeigte nicht sive theatre managements consider such share of discussion and doubt. In the new nur seine Liebe fiir Fontane, sondem auch ein premieres to be "dramatic events". Lately, the volume, the authoress who has been of indif" hochst personliches Erlebnis. Paul Eflinger in Hamburg Schauspielhaus have selected Simon ferent health for some time, attacks the meinem gleichnamigen Roman, der iibrigens Grays' "Otherwise engaged" for a first per­ medical profession and "those white-clad senu- formance during this month of May. The title gods who are more money-minded than health- auch im Osten verboten ist, mochte seine will be "Leider nicht erreichbar"; the Kammer­ caring" in her own ruthless but very articulate Drahtfabrik in Kragsheim errichten. Aber der spiele Duesseldorf, playing in their new way of writing, and shows her mastery oi regierende Herzog protestiert. Die Fabrik wird building, opened with Tom Stoppard's "Acro­ the German language by coining expressions in BerUn errichtet. Zweig sagte: "Sie hatten bats". of her own individual creation. S.B-

FAMILY EVENTS a long illness. Deeply moumed by VOLUNTARY DRIVER with own SURREY AREAS near Richmond/ car needed at least once a week to Entries in the column Family his beloved wife, Margaret, family and friends. Kew/Wimbledon, also Hammer­ take old lady from N.16 to St. Events are free of charge. Texts smith and Putney areas : Lady, car Albans and retum. Petrol expen­ should be sent in by the 15th of Reece. — Siegbert Reece passed owner avaUable for shopping, ses paid. Self Aid of Refugees. Tel: the month. away suddenly after a long Ulness cooking, companionship. Would 01-328 3255. on March 19, aged 78. Deeply use car for outings, transport, 3-4 Birthdays mourned and sadly missed by his hours per day, Mondays to Fridays. Personal Jacoby.—To Mrs. Margaret Jacoby, dear wife, Herta, and friends. Please contact AJR Employment MIDDLE-AGED WIDOW, with who will celebrate her 94th birth­ Memorial Stone Agency, 01-624 4449. nice home, would Mbe to meet a day on May 22, every good wish on widower (without dependants) this occasion and always. Her Freiwald.— The memorial stone in ALTERATIONS OF DRESSES, etc., undertaken by ladies on our for companionship—marriage con­ smUing face makes us all happy ever-loving memory of Lazar sidered. Box 575. and her love for the AJR Club is Freiwald, beloved husband of Edith register. Phone AJR Employment reciprocated with affection, admira­ (nee Meyer) will be consecrated at Agency, 01-624 4449. A T T R A CTIVE, INTELLIGENT tion and gratitude.—^The Members Bushey Cemetery, on Sunday, May NURSING COMPANION. Continen­ WIDOW, late forties, seeks nice 23, at 2.45 p.m. tal lady, German-speaking, seeks friend. Car-owner preferred. Box of the AJR Club. 579. The AJR Club extends heartiest CLASSIFIED non-residential position. Also night congratulations to four of its long­ duty and as travelling companion. SEMI-RETIRED PROFESSIONAL The charge in these columns is Box 573. man, early fifties, wishes to meet time members. — Mrs. Frieda 15p for five words. Gordon, Mrs. Frieda Jenak, Mrs. Accommodation Vacant educated lady, non-smoker, of in­ Situations Vacant dependent means, without ties, if Rosa Lesser, and Mrs. Henriette LARGE ROOM (ground floor), cen­ possible younger than himself, for WUker on their SOth birthdays. HOUSEKEEPER/COMPANION for tral heating, small kitchen, use of healthy, elderly lady; light duties friendship and trips abroad, Deaths bath and garden. Elderly lady pre­ sharing expenses. Very apprecia­ and cooking only; must be strictly ferred. Box 576. tive of home comforts and genuine Bergmann.—Mr. Fritz Bergmann kosher; modern home; daily help; outgoing personality. Box 577. (formerly of Dresden) died on N.W. London.—629 3245; evenings BLACK FOREST. Modem, 2-room March 21 in Swansea, aged 88. 458 1604. flat, fully equipped, to be let tem­ porarily. DM 185 weekly. Three Personal Enquiries Deeply missed by his famUy, THE AJR EMPLOYMENT chdldren and grandchUdren. minutes shopping, bus. Inquirers WIDOWER, mid-seventies, North AGENCY needs ladies for dress state period wanted under Box 578. London, healthjr, retired, looks for Fisher.—David Fisher passed away alterations and mending who would companion in siimlar situation — on March 14, aged 74, in hospital, be prepared to coUect and deUver Accommodation Wanted man or woman—for mutual visits after a long illness bravely bome. work/do fittings at clients' homes. WIDOW. 50, PROFESSIONAL, and walks, friendship only. Box Deeply moumed by his devoted Please contact Mrs. Casson, 01-624 wants to share flat with lady. Cen­ 580. wife, Irene, grandson, Daniel, 4449. tral or N.W. London. Box 574. sister, brother and relatives.—44a Situations Wanted Addresses Wanted Miscellaneous Chepstow Place, London, W.2. LADIES AVAILABLE for shop­ NAME AND ADDRESS sought of ping, cooking, companionship, Ught REVLON MANICURIST / PEDI- Viennese psychiatrist or lay analyst Lippman.—Ema Lippmajn, London attendance duties for at least 3 CURIST. Will visit your home. nicknamed Rosie from first name (formerly Stargard/Pom.), passed 01-445 2915. or sumame, practising probably in away on Mareh 28. Deeply mourned hours per day up to 5 days per Wimpole Street area in the early week. Telephone: AJR Employ­ GERMAN AND ENGLISH coins by her brother and famUy in ment Agency, 01-624 4449 and find 1950s. Grateful for any informa­ America, her famUy in England wanted; high prices paid.—Phone tion. Hoffman, Forest Lodge, out whether we know of someone 01-455 8578 after 6 p.m. and a large circle of friends. She in your area or in easy reach by Broadwater Forest, Eridge, Tun­ wUl never be forgotten. bus or tube. HOME TYPING. Any kind of bridge WeUs TN3 9JP. typing (English and German). Ramsay.—Rudolph Ramsay (Raw- TWO HUNGARLAJJ LADIES, very Business letters, private letters, AJR Enquiries raway), formerly Koenigsberg, of good cooks available for parties. manuscripts, theses. Please phone: Bauer.—Mr. M. J. Bauer, last 42 Derby Road, Manchester 14, AJR Employment Agency, phone 01-800 0647 any evening except known address: 20 Branksome died peacefully on March 26 after 01-624 4449. Friday. Way, Kenton, Middx. AJR INFORMATION May 1976 Page 15

P' L. Brassloff ful aspects of a period in which arbitrary injustice and systematic evU ruled in Germany and the territories under Nazi domination. The JUSTICE AND PERSECUTION general picture is, however, somewhat modi­ fied by signs of correctness and decency which It has been a cause for perturbed puzzle­ another documentary volume very soon which to uphold required unusual strength of ment how quickly, effectively and apparently wUl show how courts in Hesse tried to bring character deserving of acknowledgement and Willingly the German civil service and especi­ perpetrators of Nazi crimes to justice after respect. ally the administration of justice abandoned 1945. aemocratic principles and adapted themselves In 1933 the Jewish community of Frankfurt Jp the views and concepts of National Socia- was the second-largest in Germany, after Ber­ A JEWISH EDUCATIONIST jism. In the case of the judiciary it is particu­ lin; the Jewish population of Hesse numbered January 21 was the centenary of the birth larly remarkable that men trained to discem 17,888. Surprisingly enough, some Jews con­ of Jacob Stoll who for more than 30 years •between right and wrong accepted and tinued to live there during tbe Nazi period was the director of the Wuerzburg Jewish ?*Plied the set of values of their new masters up to the bitter end. It is stUl more surpris­ Teachers' Training School (Israelitische Lehrer­ r'lthout much hesitation although it has to ing that even in the years of the wholesale bildungsanstalt) where a whole generation of pe borne in mind that the loyalty of many extermination of German Jewry the state orthodox teachers and cantors were educated judges and prosecutors to the Weimar Repub- machinery and the judicial authorities con­ in the spirit of Samson Raphael Hirsch. The ,'q had been rather shaky. Already before tinued to deal with individual cases of Jewish college had been founded in 1864, based on ladS the goddess of justice had often favoured claimants and defendants, frequently in an funds donated by Rabbis Seligmann Bamber­ extreme nationaUsts, National Socialists and ger and Ottensoser. Himself an alumnus of the arbitrary and brutal manner, but sometimes college, he developed it into an academy of r^tisemites and discriminated against pacifists also fairly, considering the circumstances. six forms, and he was awarded the official ^d leftists. Moreover, opportunism, cowardice On the canvas of 328 pages emerges a designation of Studiendirektor in 1930. When »iKl conformism have affected peoples' behav- varied picture of the treatment of Jews by the Nazis closed down the school on November ^ur in periods of revolutionary change, not German courts during the twelve years of 10, 1938, it had 100 students. Stoll was sent •^y in Nazi Germany. Nazi rule. It ranges from the pemicious to Buchenwald concentration camp, but was V^^estigations which try to ascertain whether attitude to defendants accused of "Rassen­ released in December, 1938, and emigrated to schande" and offending German "racial hon­ the United States where he died on November ^d to what extent such generalisations cor- 29, 1962. In New York, he had become the ^spond with the facts in specific areas and our" over petty measures against contraven­ spiritual leader of the Ohav Sholem congrega­ periods can be useful contributions to a tions of minor regulations to decisions in civil tion, and his memory was kept alive by two ailanced and unprejudiced understanding of court and other procedures without a hos­ organisations of former pupils of his, the jye recent past which for many survivors of tUe bias and even the exceptionally courageous "Alumni Association of Former Students" and ,?tional Socialist persecution is stiU painfully insistence on the part of a prosecutor to bring the "Association of Friends of Wuerzburg". Uve, whereas it constitutes for others merely to justice officials of the Nazi party who had In Wuerzburg, a secondary school now bears .chapter of a strange, at best unpleasant, committed criminal acts of assault against the name Jakob StoU-Realschule. nistory. "Juden vor Gericht", a collection of defenceless Jews. E.G.L. documents from court files in the Land of The judges who tried Jews accused of viola­ J^^sse, is a very valuable and instructive tions of the race laws seem to have exceUed RESEARCH ON GERIVIAN-JEWISH HISTORY 'Uidertaking the importance of which trans- themselves in manifestations of their own There is a continuing interest in research ^eods local and regional boundaries. The loyalty to the antisemitic Nazi doctrines and on Jewish subjects in universities and research election comprises 55 cases which are of of their wholehearted acceptance of the institutes both in Germany and elsewhere. yiterest also to the general reader. It is allegedly "sound feelings of the people". The "Germania Judaica", the Cologne Institute for upported by a circumspect and balanced reasons given for some judgements repeat Jewish research, whose director is Dr. Jutta ntroduction into the major aspects of the the slogans of antisemitic perverts of the Bohnke-Kollwitz, has just published the ninth P'"pblems relatmg to the era of the Third Streicher type. Verdicts, based on extensive edition of "Arbeitsinformationen", a survey of ^eich. The edUors, Emst Noam and Wolf- interpretations of already cruel and obscene all research projects going on at ithe moment. ^mo Kropat, have carefully and expertly laws, often testify to a fanatic vindictiveness. Half of this work is done in Germany, 23 per enosen the material out of 800 cases in which The eagerness vrith which so many men en­ cent is undertaken in Israel, the rest in other trusted with meting out justice went even countries. At least 45 of the projects listed if^s were involved. The publishers, the are carried out under the auspices of the K.ommission filr die Geschichte der Juden beyond what they might have regarded as "superior orders" was one of the most shame­ Leo Baeck Institute. "^ Hessen" in Wiesbaden, intend to issue E.G.L.

INTRODUCING MELANIE HALL COLDWELL RESIDENTIAL EDGWARE NURSING HAMPSTEAD HOUSE HOME A luxurious private home for the 12 Lyndhurst Gardens, N.W.3 elderly in Flnchley, 1 Hendon HOHL 36-38 Orchard Drive, Edgwar*. Avenue, London, N.S. for the elderly, retired and slightly DIETS AND NURSING =ach resident has his or her own MIddx. handicapped. Luxurious accom­ SERVICES AVAILABLE foom — each one individually modation, central heating through­ Registered with the Borough of lyj, furnished. Lovely Large Terrace & Gardens. Barnet and staffed in accordance ^9 offer 24-hour nursing care out. H/c In all rooms, lift to all Very Quiet Position. floors, coloured TV, lounge and with their regulations. ana attention; have a doctor vislt- North Finchley, near Woodhouse We provide full nursing cars for ||)3 and on call; beautiful gardens comfortable dining room, pleasant Grammar School. '•ont and rear; excellent cuisine gardens. Kosher food. Modest the sick elderly and for the and boast a homely, Jewish terms. Enquiries: MRS. COLDWELL chronically ill of all ages. atmosphere. 11 Fenstanton Avenue, Matron: Miss K. McAteer Please tel.: Matron on 01-349 M41 01-452 9768 or 01-794 6037 London, N.12 _^ for appointment. Tel.: 01-445 0061 Tel: 01-958 8196

Continental Boarding House BELSIZE SQUARE GUEST "AVENUE LODGE" GROSVENOR NURSING Well-appointed roomt. excellent fCod. TV. f-lcenaed by the London Borough ot Garden. Congenial atmosphere. Reaionable ratee. A permanent home for the elderhr. HOUSE Bamel) HOME Security and continuity of management 24 BELSIZE SQUARE, N.W.S Golders Green, N.W.II Registered by the Borough of Camden auured by Tel.: 01-794 4307 or 01-435 2557 "ORTH-WEST LONDON'S EXCLUSIVE For geriatric and convalescent Mrs. A. WolH & Mrs. H. Wolfl (Jnr) MODERN SELF-CATERING HOLIDAY HOME FOR THE ELDERLY AND patients. Long or short term. 3 Hemstal Road, London, ROOMS. RESIDENT HOUSEKCCFER. MODERATE TERMS. RETIREO Comfortable TV lounge wid NW6 2AB TeL: 01-624 8521 NEAR SWISS COTTAGE STATION * t-uxurlou* tingle and double roonia spacious dining room. Lift to all *lth telephone. floors. Kosher cuisine. Day and * Principal roomt with bathroom en night nursing by qualified staff, SWISS COTTAGE HOTEL •ulle. ROSEMOUNT GUEST HOUSE under supervision of matron. 4 Adamson Road, * Lounge erlth colour TV. Single and double rooms. Fees Excellent food. Colour TV. * Koaher culalne. from £50-00 per week sharing. London, N.W.S Central heating. Large garden. TEL.I 01-722 22*1 17 Parsifal Road, London, * Lovely gardena—eaty parking. Ring for appointment: Beautifully appointed—all modem * Day end night nuralng. 01-203 2692 01-452 0515 comforts. N.W.6 .^|«aia telephone the Matron, gi.4M 0800 85/87 Fordwych Road, London, N.W.2. 1 minute Irom Switt Cottaae Tube (taUoe TeL: 01-435 5856 A 8585 Page 16 AJR INFORMATION May 1976

IN MEMORY OF MRS. M. SCHLESINGER Letters to the Editor Mrs. Margaret Schlesinger (nee Wilde) of 56 Tarranbrae, London, N.W.6, passed away DR. WILLY COHN "MORE ABOUT HITLER" shortly after her 77th birthday on March 27. She came to England from Berlin on a domestic One of our readers writes : Sir,—In your March issue Egon Larsen in permit in 1939 and tried in vain here to his article "More About Hitler" wonders if the obtain an immigration visa for her husband Sir,—It seems worthwhile to add a few lines British public, or anybody else for that matter, and son; both of them perished in a concen­ to Mrs. Goldschmidt-Lehmann's moving note on really wants to know more about Hitler. tration camp. Willy Cohn's Diaries, published in your April Apparently they do. This insatiable thirst for Mrs. Schlesinger was well known to many issu^. knowledge is one aspect of the irresistible and refugees from Germany both as a member of As StuAienrat at a Breslau gymnasium he inexplicable hold which evil forces have over the AJR aind of the Belsize Square Synagogue combined quite extensive scholarly research the human imagination. It is perhaps the echo whose services she regularly attended despite with his school teaching. Among medieval of devil worship from the far distant past her ill health during the last years. She worked historians he was well known and is still which mofces large-scale purveyors of evil figure for many years—from 1954 until her retire­ quoted as the author of monographs on the prominently in rogue galleries and chambers ment—as secretary to Mr. M. Stranz of the Mediterranean kingdom of the Normans and of horror, keeping their memory alive, while United Restitution Office. Her very efficient, their successors, the Hohenstaufens; this the graveyards of the world are filled urith untiring and conscientious efforts, from which region formed a centre of politics and civilisa­ their forgotten victims. many claimants of indemnification benefited, tion during the twelfth and thirteenth cen­ Of all the Roman emperors it is Nero who will be gratefully remembered. turies. The emperor Frederick II, the critical is most widely remembered; of the Russian appreciation of this controversial figure and Tsars it is Ivan the Terrible whose name still HONOURS FOR BRAVE GENTILES the growtti of legends around his name re­ lingers, and when it comes to Purim, attention ported by Dante, occupied Cohn's mind well is focused on Haman, the villain whose name The Israeli Ambassador in Bonn, Mr. Meroz, into the Nazi period. A bad turn of events had has even inspired the bakery trade. No doubt prevented him from obtaining the admission has honoured four people who risked their future generations will have a choice of lives under the Nazi regime to protect Jewish to a university lecturership, which would have Hamantaschen and Hitler buns. given the final stamp of approval to his studies. fellow-citizens. Heinrich and Hertha Brock- It was perhaps this circumstance which made This endless stream of Hitler books, films, schmidt from Linz on the Rhine had saved his emigration more difficult and so contri­ documentaries, etc., is totally unacceptable; it many Jewish lives in Poland and Germany- buted to the tragic death of this Jewish histor­ would be more fitting if Hitler and his hench­ The same applied to Ernst Pfau from Bad ian, who was deeply interested in a great men were left to rot in obscurity, and let the Diirckheim. Otto Ernst Fritsch had publicly period of German history. rest be silence. protested against the persecution of the Jews, (Mrs.) F. HERZBERG and having joined the Army to escape peKe- 100 Kingsley Way, eution hunself, was severely wounded. He PHONE CALLS TO ISRAEL London, N.2. continued his protest after being invalided out Sir,—The report in your March issue on the of the Army, was arrested and only saved reply given by Mr. Yaacov Haberfeld, the from execution by high military intervention- director of Israel's telephone service, overlooks 25 YEARS COMPENSATION OFFICE BERLIN He spent some time in a mental hospital and his statement, reported in the Jewish Chronicle is still so ill that he was unable to receive his on November 28, 1975, that "a call to Italy To commemorate the 25 years of activities medal in person. Ruth Wendtland from Miihl- from Britain costs almost as much as one to of the Berlin Restitution Office, Senator Neu­ heim/Ruhr was honoured on her own behalf Israel". In point of fact, a call to Israel costs and on behalf of her late mother who died three times as much as one to Italy and more bauer gave a reception for the 40 employees soon after the war from the consequences of than twice as much as to Cyprus. of the office who have been working there since her imprisonment by the Nazis. The Wendt- Even allowing for the higher cost of sub­ its inception. They had been able to settle lands had sheltered a Jew for the great part marine compared with land cables, the charges 650,000 cases and distributed 8-8 millards DM of the war. When he was finally discovered, seem quite unreasonable and are based, (about £1,800 million). At one time the office they were both thrown into prison. Mr. Meroz according to our own Past Office, entirely on employed over 1,200 people. At present, due decorated the four heroes with the Yad Vashem medal and diploma and said "He who demands made by Israel. This is a matter to the fact that most compensation cases have which, as far as I am aware, Mr Haberfeld saves a human life, saves the whole world". So has still made no attempt to justify. been settled, only the pension office and the far 100 Germans have been honoured by the H. C. SCHWAB medical service which inter alia decides on Yad Vashem and had a tree planted in the 10 Lauderdale Mansions, cure and recuperation grants are being kept "Avenue of the Just" outside the memorial Lauderdale Road, London W9 INE. open. shrine in Jerusalem.

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Published by the Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain, 8 Fairfax Mansions. London, NW3 6JY. 'Phone: 01-624 9096/7 (General Otfice and Administration of Homes): 01-624 4449 (Employment Agency and Social Services Department). Printed at the Sharon Press. 61 Lilford Road. S.E.S.