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Preliminary Results from the Technical Analysis

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Preliminary Results from the Technical Analysis rme Revision of European Ecolabel Criteria for Soaps, Shampoos and Hair Conditioners PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE TECHNICAL ANALYSIS DRAFT August 2012 Revision of European Ecolabel Criteria for Soaps, Shampoos and Hair Conditioners PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE TECHNICAL ANALYSIS DRAFT Marta Escamilla, Albert Ferrer, Natalia Fuentes, Carme Hidalgo (LEITAT) Renata Kaps, Jiannis S. Kougoulis (JRC IPTS) 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................... 11 2. Methodology and information sources......................................................................................... 11 2.1. Methodology for LCA study................................................................................................... 11 2.2. Information sources .............................................................................................................. 13 3. Goal definition............................................................................................................................... 14 4. Scope of the study......................................................................................................................... 14 5. Functional unit............................................................................................................................... 15 5.1. Reference flow ...................................................................................................................... 16 5.2. Unit reference for EU Ecolabel criteria ................................................................................. 18 6. Systems description and boundaries ............................................................................................ 18 7. Cut‐off rules and hypothesis used................................................................................................. 20 8. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) ............................................................................................................... 22 8.1. Raw materials for liquid soaps .............................................................................................. 23 8.2. Raw materials for solid soaps................................................................................................ 24 8.3. Raw materials for shampoos................................................................................................. 24 8.4. Raw materials for hair conditioners...................................................................................... 25 8.5. Raw materials considered for worst case scenario............................................................... 25 8.6. Manufacturing....................................................................................................................... 26 8.7. Packaging............................................................................................................................... 28 8.8. Distribution............................................................................................................................ 31 8.9. Use.........................................................................................................................................DRAFT 32 8.10. Disposal ............................................................................................................................. 32 9. Identification and analysis of alternatives for substances of concern.......................................... 34 9.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................... 34 9.2. Methodology and information sources................................................................................. 36 9.3. Information sources .............................................................................................................. 39 9.4. Identification of existing studies ........................................................................................... 40 9.5. Identification and analysis of alternatives for substances of concern in liquid soaps.......... 41 9.6. Identification and analysis of alternatives for substances of concern in solid soaps ........... 60 9.7. Identification and analysis of alternatives for substances of concern in shampoos............. 68 9.8. Identification and analysis of alternatives for substances of concern in hair conditioners.. 81 9.9. Identification and analysis of alternatives for substances of concern in packaging............. 93 9.10. Conclusions on identification and analysis of alternatives for substances of concern..... 95 10. Life Cycle Impact Assessment.................................................................................................. 100 10.1. General considerations on existing LCA studies.............................................................. 100 10.2. Impact assessment method used.................................................................................... 100 10.3. General environmental profile of products .................................................................... 102 10.4. Impact of energy consumed during use stage ................................................................ 109 10.5. Impact assessment for liquid soap ingredients............................................................... 111 10.6. Impact assessment for solid soap ingredients ................................................................ 113 10.7. Impact Assessment for shampoo ingredients................................................................. 115 10.8. Impact Assessment for hair conditioners ingredients..................................................... 116 10.9. Comparative analysis of ingredients ............................................................................... 118 10.10. Natural source of ingredients: vegetable oils ................................................................. 123 10.11. Minimizing energy in manufacturing process. ................................................................ 124 10.12. Environmental impact assessment of packaging ............................................................ 125 10.13. Conclusions on life cycle impact assessment.................................................................. 138 11. Bibliography and references ................................................................................................... 142 12. Annex I..................................................................................................................................... 148 13. Annex II.................................................................................................................................... 149 14. Annex III................................................................................................................................... 154 DRAFT 4 INDEX OF TABLES Table 1. Number of products analysed from the Mintel GNPD database ............................................ 14 Table 2. Shares of weights of liquid soaps, shampoos and hair conditioners sold in Europe in year 2011....................................................................................................................................................... 16 Table 3. Shares of weights of bar soaps sold in Europe in year 2011 ................................................... 17 Table 4. Standard dosages and frequency of use of studied products ................................................. 17 Table 5. Reference flow for four kinds of studied products.................................................................. 17 Table 6. Base case formulation of liquid soap....................................................................................... 23 Table 7. Base case formulation of bar soap .......................................................................................... 24 Table 8. Base case formulation of shampoo ......................................................................................... 24 Table 9. Base case formulation of hair conditioner .............................................................................. 25 Table 10. Aggregated inputs and outputs to the environment along the soap manufacturing process ............................................................................................................................................................... 27 Table 11. Shares of materials used for primary packaging of liquid soaps, shampoos and hair conditioners........................................................................................................................................... 29 Table 12. Packaging characteristics for liquid products........................................................................ 30 Table 13. Types of packaging used for bar soaps.................................................................................. 30 Table 14. Materials used for packaging of bar soaps............................................................................ 31 Table 15. Transport parameters............................................................................................................ 32 Table 16. Use stage characteristics ......................................................................................................
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