FOREIGN SERVICE VOL. 19, NO. 12 JOURNAL DECEMBER, 1942 NEW MEXICAN TRAINER Powered by Lycoming Primary trainers were needed for the rapidly expand¬ can take off with a run of 16+ feet and has a service ing Mexican Air Force. The answer to this growing ceiling of 22,960 feet. Its top speed is 110 rn.p.h. need is the Lycoming-powered “Teziutlan” ... a and its cruising speed is 102 m.p.h.—yet it lands at mahogany plywood trainer. Now in production, it only 2+ m.p.h. is built almost entirely of Mexican materials and The Lycoming 125 h.p. engine has been chosen can be repaired in the field by any skilled wood¬ as standard equipment on the “Teziutlan” because of worker. The only imported parts are the Lycoming its outstanding performance at high altitudes. Also engines and the instruments. because, in Mexico as in the United States, Lycoming The “Teziutlan” has performance qualities that has for years been considered the synonym for air¬ make it ideal for the high altitudes of Mexico. It craft engine dependability. YOU CAN RELY ON LYCOMING A THE PRIVATE PLANE / LYCOMING DIVISION, THE AVIATION CORPORATION \ ENGINE OF TOMORROW / WILLIAMSPORT, PA. Vq p/_ CONTENTS DECEMBER. 1942 Cover: Christ of the Andes See page 653. Action in North Africa By Henry S. Villnrd 637 Your 1942 Income Tax 641 The Department’s Foreign Service School in War¬ time Economic Work By Albert M. Doyle 643 State Department Rebuttal 645 Letter to the Editors 645 Annual Greetings from the President and Secre¬ tary of State 646-7 Initial Effect of the Use of Airgrams 648 White Ammunition By Edward R. Bierce 650 Negroes in the Foreign Service 653 Editors’ Column 654 Press Comment 655 News from the Department By Jane Wilson 657 News from the Field 660 The Bookshelf Francis C. de Wolf, Review Editor 663 Dear Jim— 664 The Importance of New Air Routes by Continen¬ tal Solidarity By Merle J. Oelke 665 The Work of the Executive Committee of the American Foreign Service Association during the Year October 1, 1941, through Septem¬ ber 30, 1942 666 This is the 80th Anniversary of BACARDI Service Glimpses 667 —that golden bond between the Americas. Running the Dardanelles When you serve BACARDI, you serve the By Harry Van Demark 671 best. When you drink BACARDI, you drink Births 671 the best. That has been our idea since 1862. In Menioriam 671 We will be glad to facilitate shipment of BACARDI to any locality not served by local agents or dealers. Promotions 672 Marriages 681 The First Woman Enters the French Foreign Service By Clark Husted 682 'BACXRP/ Rum 89 Proof—Compania"Ron Bacardi," $. A. Santiago de Cuba Visitors 691 Issued monthly by the American Foreign Service Associa¬ tion, Department of State, Washington, D. C. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office in Washington, D. C., LAS AMERICAS SALVARAN LA LIBERTAD under the act of March 3, 1879. THE AMERICAS WILL SAVE LIBERTY DECEMBER, 1942 633 §p ; & Said the leader to the Squadron: “Yippee, a Flat Top!” They work together better. because they can talk together In both the Coral Sea battle The young American fliers And at Midway Were telling the world The Japs were robbed of a sneak attack Another Jap carrier By scouting U. S. fliers, Had gone to the bottom! Who reported back by radio. Modern communications equipment Then Uncle Sam's carrier-based planes Designed and manufactured And land-based bombers By I. T. & T. associate companies With perfect team work Is helping Uncle Sam Plastered thejap task forces . .. Coordinate his fighting forces Giving special attention to On land, sea and in the air. The enemy carriers. The broad peacetime experience And over the radiotelephones Of I. T. & T. Of our planes and ships In the field of communications Came the phrase. 'Scratch one flat top!” Is proving its value in time of war. INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION 67 Bread st., New York, N.Y. Associate Manufacturing Companies in the United States International Telephone & Radio Manufacturing Corporation ITVT Federal Telegraph Company INDEX FOR ADVERTISERS American Export Lines ...l —. ~ 681 American Security and Trust Company 669 j>ren?ie|, Association of Pacific Fisheries 690 r FOOD Aviation Corporation, The II COVER PRODUCTS Bacardi, Santiago de Cuba ..... - 633 Bowling Green Storage & Van Co. 675 Campbell, W. 1)., Co. ....... 690 w 1EREVER you go through¬ out the world you can enjoy Chase National Bank . 689 PREMIER FOOD PRODUCTS. Let them follow you by availing Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. .... 636 yourself of Francis H. Leggett & Grace Line .. .... .... _ 688 Company’s PERSONALIZED International Telephone & Telegraph Co 634 EXPORT SERVICE developed solely for the convenience of for¬ Leggett, Francis H. & Co. — 635 eign service officers and their Mayflower Hotel —. 670 families. National City Bank . — .... 676 Not only will you enjoy the finest National Geographic Magazine ... 687 of American foods, selected and Pan-American Airways, Inc. ... .... 683 prepared according to most rigid R. C. A - 673 standards, but you will be assured of efficient service down to the mi¬ Sehenley Products .... 680 nutest details of packing and ship¬ Security Storage Company of Washington .... 669 ping. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc... ..... 678 Many foreign service families have Southern Engraving Co. 685 for years enjoyed the convenience of this service. We invite your St. Moritz, The . ... .... III COVER correspondence with reference to it. Texaco Petroleum Products ..... ... 691 Tyner, Miss E. J— . 692 Address: EXPORT DIVISION United Fruit Company . 689 United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company 690 Waldorf-Astoria Hotel IV COVER pRANCis ||. LEGGETT &(OMPANY Westinghouse Electric International Co. 674 HUDSON RIVER, 27TH TO 28TH STREETS NEW YORK CITY, N. Y., U. S. A. Please mention THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL when writing to advertisers. DECEMBER, 1942 635 7&vtt#nri0W' ...'N p E AcE TI^E 23 YEARS AGO 'Tire$tOlt« PIONEERED "SHIP BY TRUCK” firestone PIONEERS "SHIP BY AIR” <c ACROSS the wide expanse of the seven seas roar the AIRCRAFT PRODUCTS /V vanguards of a new and growing fleet of planes that are MANUFACTURED BY FIRESTONE as vital to Victory as bombers and fighters. Soon thousands of cargo-carrying planes will carry paratroops, air-borne Pilot and Crew Seats, Backs infantry, tanks, jeeps and guns in a vertical counter-invasion. and Cushions Shatterproof Oxygen Cylinders Flying on wings built by Firestone, these huge air freighters Landing Wheels, Brakes, Tires and Tubes are the forerunners of a new and swifter system of peace-time Inflatable Life Boats, Rafts, transportation that will reach to the far corners of the world. Vests and Belts Rivet Cement From the cauterizing flames of war will emerge a swifter Barrage Balloons method of distributing the world’s goods. In the not too Bullet-Sealing Fuel and distant future, air freight can well become as commonplace Oil Cells Wing Panels as air mail, air express and air travel. And Firestone, always Crash Pads a leader in all forms of transportation, will be an important Pressurized and Anti-Friction Bushings factor in the movement to “Ship by Air.” Mooring Anchors Air Spring Struts Firestone was the first company in the rubber Seadrome Markers, Mooring Buoys, and Contact industry to win the coveted Army-Navy "E” Lighting Buoys Award for high achievement in the production Molded Plastics Plastic Fabrics of war materials. Propeller Anti-leer Boots Copyright, 1942, The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. THE FOREIGN JOURNAL d3 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION VOL. 19. No. 12 WASHINGTON. D. C. DECEMBER, 1942 Action in Xoi'tli Africa By HENRY S. VILLARD, Department oj State NOT the least interesting and dramatic side to Axis. To investigate the possibilities Bob the occupation of French North Africa by Murphy was sent to Algiers from Vichy to en¬ American forces has been the part played in the gage in conversations with General Maxime Wey- undertaking by members of the American Foreign gand, then in command of all French Africa, and Service. The activities of our Consular Officers and to make a report concerning the advisability of special representatives in Algeria, Tunisia and Mo¬ having certain essential needs filled from the United rocco adroitly paved the way for the entry of our States. troops and were a most important contribution to The result of the Murphy-Weygand conver¬ lessening the resistance offered by the French forces. sations was an agreement initialed at Algiers on In particular, the skillful work of Robert D. Murphy, February 25, 1941, later confirmed by Admiral Counselor of Embassy at Vichy, but assigned to Darlan in the name of the French Government, un¬ Algiers, and a staff of Vice Consuls who served der which the French North African authorities as control officers under the Department’s plan of were permitted to purchase certain necessary prod¬ economic assistance to North Africa, was largely uct® of a non-military nature for civilian consump¬ responsible for bringing about success¬ tion in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. ful results in our spectacular military In return we were allowed to station undertaking. control officers in those territories for The story of the operations of our of¬ the purpose of supervising the distribu¬ ficers goes back to the end of 1940, when tion of supplies and ensuring that none France lay prostrate and the North Af¬ of the goods, or their equivalent, were rican territory seemed to offer the only exported out of North Africa or deliv¬ hope of a separatist French Government. ered to the Axis forces. This provision The economic situation of the French North African area was difficult and it of the agreement, it may be observed, appeared to the Department that a use¬ was scrupulously observed as far as the ful purpose might be served if the eyes records of the Department indicate, and of the French and native inhabitants of the supplies which actually went forward that region could be turned toward the all reached the destination for which United States rather than toward the they were intended.