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LPL-202-Ocr.Pdf 24 r 0-f ~ / - ...- 5.' ' . .. - /~-' . ;,;;. -~·····~::~ .. ·· [) §/ ~-:; ..· .... · f' ~· ...... •" MORAINE 30 29 16 r--~ ~ /BOOTj ;-;01 "' \:::, 0 L~-' ; I LAKE ' -~ I~ I '--------J .~ WISCONS N I SSION SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN EAGLE SPRING LAKE MANAGEMENT REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION DISTRICT COMMISSIONERS KENOSHA COUNTY RACINE COUNTY Edward M. Mack, Chairman Mary Taylor, Secretary Leon T. Dreger David B. Falstad Jeff J. Prokop, Treasurer Thomas J. Gorlinski Martin ltzin J. Mary K. Burke Sheila M. Siegler Jean M. Jacobson, James Wilhelm Secretary Sandra Janisch, Waukesha County Donald J. Malek, Town of Eagle MILWAUKEE COUNTY WALWORTH COUNTY Nancy A. Kendzior, Administrative Assistant Daniel J. Diliberti Anthony F. Balestrieri William Ryan Drew, Allen L. Morrison, Treasurer Vice-Chairman Robert J. Voss Tyrone P. Dumas OZAUKEE COUNTY WASHINGTON COUNTY Leroy A. Bley Lawrence W. Hillman Thomas H. Buestrin, Chairman Daniel S. Schmidt Elroy J. Schreiner Patricia A. Strachota Special acknowledgement is due to Mr. John F. Rageth; former Com­ mission Secretary; Mr. Thomas Day and Mr. Thomas Bintz, Electors; Ms. Faye U. Amerson, Consultant; and Mr. Dale R. Shaver and Mr. Mark Jenks, Waukesha County Department of Parks and Land Use, WAUKESHA COUNTY Land Conservation Division, for their contributions to the conduct of Duane H. Bluemke this study and the preparation of this report. Robert F. Hamilton Paul G. Vrakas SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION STAFF Philip C. Evenson, AICP Executive Director Kenneth R. Yunker, PE ...... , .... Assistant Director Robert P. Biebel, PE ..... ........ Chief Environmental Engineer Monica C. Drewniany, AICP .. Chief Community Assistance Planner Leland H. Kreblin, RLS ......... Chief Planning Illustrator Elizabeth A. Larsen Administrative Officer Donald R. Martinson, PE ......... Chief Transportation Engineer John G. McDougall ..... Geographic Information Systems Manager John R. Meland .......... Chief Economic Development Planner Bruce P. Rubin ........... ........ Chief Land Use Planner Special acknowledgment is due to Dr. Jeffrey A. Thornton, CLM, SEWRPC Principal Planner; Ms. Christine M. Hinz, SEWRPC Planner; and Ms. Tiffany G. Lyden, Ms. Kristy J. Rogers, and Mr. Edward J. Schmidt, SEWRPC Research Analysts, for their contributions to the conduct of this study and the preparation of this report. COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE PLANNING REPORT NUMBER 226 A LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR EAGLE SPRING LAKE WAUKESHA COUNTY, WISCONSIN Prepared by the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission P. 0. Box 1607 Old Courthouse 916 N. East Avenue Waukesha, Wisconsin 53187-1607 The preparation of this publication was financed in part through a grant from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Lake Management Planning Grant Program. October 1997 Inside Region $10.00 Outside Region $20.00 (This page intentionally left blank) SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNIN 916N.EASTAVENUE • P.O.BOX1607 • WAUKESHA,WISCONSIN53187·1607 • October 28, 1997 TO: All Units and Agencies of Government and Citizen Groups Involved in Water Quality and Water Use Management of Eagle Spring Lake Over the past several years, the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission and others, at the request of the Eagle Spring Lake Management District, have been conducting lake management-related data collection and analysis efforts. These efforts have now been integrated into a lake management plan for Eagle Spring Lake, which plan addresses the water quality, recreational use, and natural resource problems of the Lake. The preparation of the plan was a cooperative effort by the Eagle Spring Lake Management District, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Waukesha County Department of Parks and Land Use, and the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission. This report documents the recommended lake management plan. The report describes the physical and bio­ logical characteristics of Eagle Spring Lake and its watershed; the quality of the Lake waters and the factors affecting that quality, including land use and management practices; the recreational use of the Lake; and the shoreline conditions around the Lake. The report concludes with a set of recommended management measures. The plan presented in this report is intended to provide a guide to the making of development decisions concerning the wise use and management of Eagle Spring Lake as an aesthetic and recreational asset of immeasurable value. Accordingly, adoption of the plan presented herein by all concerned water use management agencies is urged. The Regional Planning Commission stands ready to assist the various units and agencies of government concerned in adopting and carrying out the plan recommendations over time. Respectfully submitted, Philip C. Evenson Executive Director (This page intentionally left blank) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Chapter I-INTRODUCTION 1 Aquatic Animals . .. 56 Zooplankton . ..... 56 Chapter II-PHYSICAL Fish of Eagle Spring Lake . 57 DESCRIPTION ................ 3 Other Wildlife . 58 Introduction . 3 Wildlife Habitat and Resources . .. 63 Waterbody Characteristics ........... 3 Wetlands ...................... 70 Watershed Characteristics ........... 5 Woodlands ..................... 72 Soil Types and Conditions . 6 Environmental Corridors . 74 Climate and Hydrology ........... 17 Primary Environmental Corridors . 75 Water Budget . 17 Summary ...................... 75 Chapter III-HISTORICAL, Chapter VI-CURRENT WATER USES EXISTING, AND PLANNED LAND AND WATER USE OBJECTIVES .... 79 USE AND POPULATION ......... 21 Introduction . 79 Introduction . ......... 21 Recreational Use ................. 79 Civil Divisions ................ 21 Existing Recreation Population . 21 Use and Facilities ............. 79 Land Use .................... 23 Wisconsin Department of Natural Existing Zoning Regulations . ... 24 Resources Recreational Rating . 81 Recreational Use Conclusions . 82 Chapter IV-WATER QUALITY ..... 31 Water Use Objectives .............. 83 Introduction . 31 Water Quality Standards . 83 Existing Water Quality Conditions . 31 Thermal Stratification ............ 31 Chapter VII-ALTERNATIVE LAKE Dissolved Oxygen .............. 34 MANAGEMENT MEASURES ...... 85 Specific Conductance . ..... 37 Introduction . 85 Chloride .................... 37 Land Use Planning and Alkalinity and Hardness . ..... 37 Zoning Alternatives .............. 85 Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) .... 37 Watershed Management Measures ...... 86 Water Clarity . 37 Rural Nonpoint Source Controls . 87 Chlorophyll-~ . .. 39 Urban Nonpoint Source Controls ..... 87 Nutrient Characteristics .......... 39 Developing Areas . 88 Characteristics of Bottom Sediment . 40 Onsite Sewage Disposal Pollution Loadings and Sources . ... 42 System Management . 89 Sediment Loads . 44 In-Lake Management .............. 90 Rating of Trophic Condition ......... 45 Water Quality Trophic State Index ............. 46 Management Measures .......... 92 Summary ...................... 46 Phosphorus Precipitation and Inactivation . .. 92 Chapter V -AQUATIC BlOTA Nutrient Load Reduction . 92 AND ECOLOGICALLY Water Level Management Measures ... 92 VALUABLE AREAS ............ 49 Outlet Control Modifications . 92 Introduction . .... 49 Drawdown ................. 93 Aquatic Plants . ... 49 Dredging .................. 94 Aquatic Macrophytes . 49 Aquatic Plant Phytoplankton . ... 51 Management Measures . ..... 96 Aquatic Plant Management ........ 51 Aquatic Herbicides . 96 v Page Page Aquatic Plant Harvesting . 98 Onsite Sewage Disposal Shoreline Cleanup Crew . 100 System Management . .. 121 Manual Harvesting . 101 In-Lake Management Measures ....... 122 Biological Controls . 102 Water Quality Monitoring ......... 122 Lake Bottom Covering . 102 Lake Level Management . 122 Public Information . 103 Aquatic Plant Monitoring Fish Management Measures . 104 and Management . 123 Habitat Protection . 104 Boating Access . 124 Habitat Creation . 104 Fish Monitoring and Management . 124 Modification of Habitat Protection . 126 Species Composition . 104 Recreational Use Zoning . 126 Regulations and Shoreline Protection . 126 Public Information . 106 Public Informational and Shoreline Maintenance . 106 Educational Programs . 127 Recreational Use Zoning . 109 Plan Implementation and Costs . 127 Informational and Educational Programs . 109 Chapter IX-SUMMARY .......... 131 Summary . 110 Inventory and Analysis Findings . .. 131 Population . 131 Land Use and Zoning . 132 Chapter VIII-RECOMMENDED Water Budget . 132 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR Water Quality ................. 132 EAGLE SPRING LAKE . 113 Sediment Quality ............... 133 Introduction . 113 Pollutant Loadings . 133 Land Use and Zoning Measures . 113 Aquatic Plants . 133 Watershed Land Fishery ..................... 133 Management Measures . 117 Natural Resource Base . 133 Urban Nonpoint Source Control . 118 Recreational Use . 134 Construction Site Erosion Control . 120 Alternative Lake Rural Nonpoint Source Management Measures 134 Pollution Control . 120 The Recommended Plan 134 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Page A Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Measures . 139 Table A-1 Generalized Summary of Methods and Effectiveness of Diffuse Source Water Pollution Control Measures . 140 Table A-2 Alternative Groups of Diffuse Source Water Pollution Control Measures Proposed for Streams and Lake Water Quality Management . 144 B Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Waterway Permit Statutory Requirements . 145 C An Aquatic Plant
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