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Civilization of Faith a Journey Through Islamic History

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Civilization of Faith a Journey Through Islamic History IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE ALL-COMPASSIONATE, ALL-MERCIFUL Civilization of Faith Title: Civilization of Faith Author: Mustafa as-Sibaa'ie English Edition 1 (2004) Translated from Arabic edition 1 (1999) Translator: Nasiruddin al-Khattab Layout: IIPH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Filming & Cover Designing: Sarno Press Group Civilization of Faith Solidarity, Tolerance and Equality in a Nation built on Shari' ah A Journey through Islamic History Dr. Mustafa as-Sibaa' ie Translated by: Nasiruddin al-Khattab INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC PUBLISHING HOUSE © International Islamic Publishing House, 2003 King Fahd National Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data As-Sibaa'ie, Mustafa Civilization of faith : Solidatiry, tolerance and equality / Mustafa as-Sibaa'ie ; translated by Na~iruddin al-Khagab - Riyadh, 2004 ... p; 22 cm ISBN: 9960-850-20-X 1- Islamiccivilization 2- Islamichistory 3-lslamicculture I-Na~iruddinal-Khagab (trans.) II-Title 213 dc ISBNHard Cover: 9960-850-20-X Legal deposit no. 1424/650 ISBN Soft Cover: 9960-850-48-X Legal deposit no. 1424/4606 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the Publisher. International Islamic Publishing House (IIPH) P.O.Box 55195 Riyadh 11534, Saudi Arabia Tel: 966 1 4650818 - 4647213 - Fax: 4633489 E-Mail: [email protected] . www.iiph.com.sa Please take part in this noble work by conveying your comments to IIPH through e-mail, fax or postal-mail address. Publisher's Note 7 Translator's Foreword 9 Author's Foreword 13 Preface - by Dr. 'Adnaan Zarzoor 37 CHAPTER ONE The Unique Characteristics of our Civilization 63 CHAPTER TWO The Impact of our Civilization on History 73 CHAPTER THREE Our Humane Tendency 87 CHAPTER FOUR Racial Equality 105 CHAPTER FIVE Religious Tolerance 119 CHAPTER SIX Our Etiquette in War 141 CHAPTER SEVEN Kindness to Animals 167 CHAPTER EIGHT Charitable Institutions 183 6 List of Contents CHAPTER NINE Schools and Educational Institutions 195 CHAPTER TEN Hospitals and Medical Institutions 207 CHAPTER ELEVEN Private and Public Libraries 227 CHAPTER TWELVE Academic Gatherings and Conferences 239 CHAPTER THIRTEEN Capitals and Major Cities 249 Transliteration Chart 261 Glossary 263 Allah the All-Glorious, the All-Merciful created man and bestowed him with intellectual faculties to use them in worshipping Him, Alone without associating any human-being or anything in worship besides Him the Almighty. He also made it easy for man to seek ways of decent life fearing Allah (~) and making remembrance of Him throughout his life-time because doing so will give man relief in the spiritual aspect and peace of mind. When man subjugated his intellectual abilities for making life easy, free of stress and anxiety; he, with the help of Allah the All-Compassionate, built an outstanding civilization and provided noble life to all categories of people as the case was in the days of the grand Muslim state under guidance of righteous Caliphs, leaders, scientists, philosophers, doctors, scholars, thinkers and workers of all sorts. They succeeded in building the civilized, flourishing, and progressive state that could strike the balance between the spiritual, based on Islamic faith derived from the Noble Qur'an and the Prophetic Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him); and the material based on the achievements of Muslim scientists, engineers, physicians, religious scholars, philosophers, authors, all guided by the teachings of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. The turning point was the deviation from the guidance of the teachings of Islam, that started when the 8 Publisher s Note leaders, and the states, indulged in internal struggles and material gains to the detriment of the peoples' interests in the religious, spiritual, intellectual, social and every-day- life affairs. Muslims can, with the help of Allah the Almighty, restore the miraculous supremacy they enjoyed under the reign of the true Muslim state as the author, Dr. Mu~tafa al-Sibaa'ie, presented in his book "Civilization of Faith". "Civilization of Faith" is a sourceful effort. It shoes how the Islamic state and its Muslim citizens of all categories enjoyed a grand civilization and an affluent living when steadfastness in faith prevailed: faith in Allah the All-Great, His Book, and the Sunnah of His last Prophet and Messenger (pbuh). Hoping that all readers of this book will benefit by it, I honestly appreciate the efforts of Dr. al-Sibaa'ie, may Allah have mercy on him. All Praise be to Allah the Lord of the worlds and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger, Muhammad the Seal of the Prophets. MulJammad ibn 'Abdul-MulJsin Al Tuwaijri International Islamic Publishing House Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 1424 AH / 2003 CE Translator·s Foreword We are living at a time when western civilization is at its peak and the Muslim nations are at their weakest point, dazzled by the power of the west with its wealth, means and scientific and technological advantages. Muslims who do not read history may well be unaware of the fact that this has not always been the case. A few hundred years ago, it was just the opposite. The Muslim ummah was the superpower of the age and were the leaders in culture, science and technology. The cities of the Muslim world were centers of learning to which people came from far and wide, including - as in the case of Muslim Spain - from the lands of Christian Europe. Indeed, the west had to learn from the Muslims, and parts of their classical heritage was only preserved and made available to them through the medium of Arabic translations of Greek texts. In mathematics, medicine, astronomy and other fields, the Muslims transmitted the knowledge of the ancients, augmented with their own developments and discoveries. This knowledge, which the west took from the Muslims, sparked the Renaissance and ushered in the modem age. The achievements of modem western civilization may thus be traced back to the flourishing Muslim world. The Muslims at one time were the most technologically advanced civilization on earth, but the uniqueness of their civilization lies in the fact that, although they achieved a great deal in materialistic terms, they remained a compassionate society where the poor and disadvantaged were cared for. This was something the like of which had never been seen in any other civilization. This care was arranged at the social level, not Author· s Foreword Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and may the blessings of Allah be upon the builder of the noblest civilization history has ever known, our master Muhammad, and upon his family and Companions who built this great civilization with their blood and striving, to whom everyone who has enjoyed the blessings of this civilization owes a debt of immense gratitude until the Day of Judgement. -1- In the current age, which has surpassed all ages of the past in its material developments and scientific discoveries, social scientists, psychologists and medical doctors in the west stand helpless in the face of the huge increase in the numbers of people suffering from nervous disorders. The entire world is enveloped in an atmosphere of anxiety and fear so great that people - especially in the advanced countries - cannot even enjoy the life of ease and luxury that civilization has brought them. Thus, the dreams that were entertained by scientists and thinkers in the nineteenth century, that all people would attain happiness because of their brilliant scientific discoveries, have begun to fade. It is worth pointing out that the problem of anxiety and stress gets worse the easier life becomes for people. The incidence of mental illness in the developped countries is greater than in the more backward countries. This is clearly indicated by statistics for the United States. 14 Author s Foreword The anxiety which is dominating people's lives is not only a result of two world wars and the likelihood of a third; rather it stems from the psychological environment that is produced by modem civilization. It is not created only by the effects of colonialism, even though colonialism is the greatest cause of distress suffered by the oppressed peoples who live under its shadow. But that distress is also suffered, now, by people who have not been colonized, and by people who are enjoying the fruits of colonialism. Indeed, this stress is to be found everywhere, no matter what the prevailing religion or modem ideology. Just as we may find this stress among all the peoples of the east, so too, we find it among the peoples of the west and the peoples of the Soviet Union. I It is significant in this context to note the high incidence of suicide among civilized peoples. It is strange that this happens in countries which are considered to enjoy the highest standards of living and of civilization, such as the Scandinavian countries. Even stranger than that is the fact that the people there commit suicide because they are bored with the life of luxury they are living! From this we may see that this anxiety and stress, and the moral deviance that has reached such a level that it is causing panic among parents in the west; all stem from modem western civilization itself, and from its prevailing philosophical bases. 1 This book was originally written in the 1960s. Civilization of Faith 15 -2- Western civilization developed - as is well known - as a result of western contact with the Islamic civilization via the Arab institutions of learning in Andalusia and other Muslim regions. Greek philosophy was among the matter studied by Muslim thinkers and philosophers, so the western scholars transmitted the philosophy and books of the Greeks from the Arabs under whom they studied.
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