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Geneflow 2006 GeneflowA P U B L I C A T IO N ABO U T A G R I CULTU RA L BIODIVERSI T Y Historic seed treaty promotes food security Call for global initiative on biodiversity and nutrition Special Section: crop wild relatives 2Improving 0 lives through 0 biodiversity 6 research Geneflow ’06 A PUBLICATION ABOUT AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY Managing Editor Ruth D. Raymond Assistant Contents Managing Editor Cassandra Moore Intern Geneflow News Rejuvenating the 17 Kelly Wagner Sahelian parklands Historic seed treaty 1 Eucalypts and 18 Design promotes food security Jan Banning/Panos Pictures climate change Patrizia Tazza Elena Stefan milks the family’s only cow. The erosion of farm animal Call for global 2 genetic diversity will badly affect the incomes of the poor. Layout initiative on biodiversity Special Section Ciohorani village, Romania. Frances Ferraiuolo and nutrition An introduction to 19 Cover Photo Kenyans flock back 3 crop wild relatives Saving Central Asia's 33 Eggplant: overcoming 48 Children in an Afghan to traditional leafy pistachio diversity an unjust reputation refugee camp sitting on vegetables The Crop Wild 20 Ask the old women 34 Policy initiative helps 49 adandoned military hardware. Relatives Project Nepal to protect crop Crop diversity can help Seed treaty confirms 4 Use crop wild 21 Tapping the potential 35 diversity countries like Afghanistan to essential role of Crop Trust relatives or lose them! of medicinal and rebuild agricultural systems aromatic plants in Farmer variety 50 destroyed by war. Arctic vault to 5 Wild foods are rich 22 northern Europe officially approved Martin Adler/Panos Pictures safeguard future food in micronutrients in Nepal Climate change 36 © Bioversity International Geographical 6 The benefits of foods 23 threatens wild relatives Tying the genome 51 2006 indication protection from the forests with extinction up in knots ISBN-13: 978-92-9043-724-6 Green and yellow 7 The value of 24 Wild potato relative 37 Using endophytes to 52 ISBN-10: 92-9043-724-3 foods linked to wild relatives may blunt late blight combat banana pests healthier arteries Bringing crop 25 On the rocks 38 Climate change is a 53 Blue fruit and 9 relatives to the public women's issue novel tastes Spreading the word 39 Spicy wild relatives 26 about wild relatives Weed-resistant 54 Meeting a new threat 10 get some respect maize promises food to the world's favourite Wild relatives could 40 security for millions fruit The importance 27 help boost berry market of wild bananas in Economic change 55 Total makeover 11 Sri Lanka Groundnut relatives 41 could impact crop hit the spot diversity This publication was supported for crop diversity conservation in Peru Wild relatives offer 28 by the UNEP/GEF project "In new lease on life to Geneflow News Letting the weeds grow 56 situ conservation of crop wild Conservation 12 an ancient grain relatives through enhanced on a shoestring Cultivating peace 42 Lessons learned 57 information management and Global conference 29 through rice from implementing the field application." A global platform 13 maps out future for Global Plan of Action for agrobiodiversity wild relatives Mixed news on AIDS 43 research Participatory mapping 58 Regional catalogue 30 A revolution in rice: 44 helps community save A case of accidental 14 supports national Lao PDR wildlife-rich pastoral extinction strategies lands Climate change: 46 Ocean blues 15 Putting diversity 31 the tipping point? New network offers 60 back into wheat hope to chocoholics Underwater mountain 16 Divine tree helps 47 everywhere houses marine Protecting the wild 32 reduce vitamin A GEF treasures relatives of walnut deficiency Geneflow News Historic seed treaty promotes food security Meetings are as common- enables access to plant place as mosquitoes in genetic resources. With the tropics and few have more than one hundred the potential to change the countries having ratified the world for the better. But Treaty so far, the stage is set last June, Spain hosted an for hundreds of thousands The Treaty historic congress that may of germplasm exchanges creates a do just that. around the world each multilateral year in support of breeding system that The Governing Body of the and research to improve E. McGaw/ICRISAT enables International Treaty on Plant agriculture. Rice is one of the crops listed in Annex 1 of the International Treaty access to Genetic Resources for Food on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. and Agriculture met for the Benefits from the system plant genetic first time in Madrid to agree will arise from royalties are covered by the terms voluntary if the products resources on how the Treaty will work. levied on commercial regulating the multilateral are available for further use. Expected by many to be products developed using system. The royalty payment The funds will be devoted to fractious and inconclusive, material of crops that have has been set at 1.1% of conservation efforts, mainly the meeting actually achieved been included in the system. sales. It is mandatory if in developing countries. consensus on several key Thirty-five of the world’s most the product is unavailable issues. As a result, farmers important food crops and for further breeding and By Jeremy Cherfas, and scientists should be a similar number of forages research. Payments are Bioversity International assured unimpeded access to the crop diversity they need to meet the world’s Why the Treaty is important future agricultural needs. The first meeting of the Governing Body of the International Treaty marks an historic moment for the future of food security. But why should anyone be interested in an extremely technical piece Among the most important of international law? Here are some of the reasons why the Treaty is important. outcomes was the adoption A treaty for agriculture. The Treaty is the first international law to deal specifically with the needs of the Standard Material of agriculture. It covers the rich diversity hidden within the genes of the thousands of varieties Transfer Agreement of crops that feed humanity. From the very first domestication of a wild species—possibly a (SMTA)—a standardized fig more than 12 000 years ago—agriculture has always depended on the exchange of genetic contract that will enable resources. The Treaty will make it easier for farmers and breeders to continue sharing those much easier access to crop resources so that they can meet new challenges in the future. Challenges to farmers and agriculture do not stand still. New pests and diseases and changing growing conditions can only diversity. The agreement is be addressed if farmers and scientists have access to as wide a range of resources as possible. simple to operate and will By guaranteeing that access, the Treaty guarantees the future of agriculture. encourage greater use of A multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing. By signing up to the Treaty, countries gain crop resources. The SMTA access to the genetic resources of all other signatories. This is much more effective than the sets out the terms that alternative, which would require countries to negotiate bilaterally for access, especially when govern access to genetic one considers that a new variety may count hundreds of varieties from scores of countries in its resources and the sharing of pedigree. Initially the multilateral system applies to 64 crops and forages that represent most of any benefits that arise from the crops that humanity depends on for its food supply. For further information about their use and will accompany Benefit-sharing. The ‘owners’ of a commercialized product that incorporates material obtained the Treaty, visit the Web site through the multilateral system will pay a royalty into a special fund. Money from this fund will of the Food and Agriculture all transfers of materials. be used to boost conservation efforts in developing countries. Cash, however, is perhaps the Organization of the United least significant of the benefits that will flow from the Treaty, which also envisages information Nations at http://www.fao.org/ The Treaty creates a exchange, access to technology and transfer of technology. ag/cgrfa/itpgr.htm multilateral system that Geneflow News Call for global initiative on biodiversity and nutrition The Parties to the supplements or breeding “The global initiative on “We are Convention on Biological micronutrients into staple biodiversity and nutrition delighted by Diversity have called on foods. These are certainly will involve national and Bioversity International and important approaches to international partners from the positive the Food and Agriculture combating malnutrition. a wide range of sectors— response to the Organization of the United But promoting a greater nutrition, health, agriculture, proposal and Nations (FAO) to mount an use of traditional fruits and marketing and research,” we look forward initiative to address a major vegetables that are naturally said Frison. “Each of these to working with symptom and cause of rich in micronutrients is sectors has an important FAO to carry it poverty: malnutrition. The a strategy that demands role to play in ensuring that programme will promote attention. agricultural biodiversity is forward” the use of agricultural used to satisfy the hidden — Frison biodiversity to counter Despite their nutritional hunger of the poor for the the twin burdens of importance, traditional foods vitamins, minerals and other micronutrient deficiency have been neglected by micronutrients they need for and the epidemic of the both science and consumers a healthy life. An important A. Camacho/Bioversity International Traditional fruits and vegetables so-called diseases of in favour of less-nutritious and challenging task lies may hold the solution to many affluence—obesity, heart staples such as potatoes ahead. We can’t wait to get problems of nutrition and health. disease, diabetes and and rice.
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