DOCSLIB.ORG

Ancient - Art and Culture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ancient - Art and Culture ANCIENT - ART AND CULTURE CAVE ARCHITECTURE: First known example - mauryan age Ashoka - stupas and chaitya halls lost their original form Prominent - chaitya halls with inscriptions of Asoka and Dasaratha CAVES: SUDAMA / NYAGODH CAVE: Barabar hills Ashoka to Ajivikas Rectangular chamber connected to circular chamber Earliest example of rock cut method - exact translation of Wood carving on stone LOMASA RISHI CAVE: Nagarjuni hills Mauryan period Frieze of elephants BHAJA CAVE: Oldest deccan cave Deep upsidal wall Octagonal pillars Curved ribs- barrel vaulting of wooden buildings Gate- façade like a gable End - small stupa KARLE CAVE: Great chaitya hall Pillars - square stepped plinth Capitals of horses/elephants to support roof which has ribs to Represent barrel vaulting Gate - carvings and large window Sangharama - monastery ELLORA CAVE: Cut by the buddhists ELEPHANTA CAVE: Trimurthi of shiva Culture-Architecture Page 1 ELEPHANTA CAVE: Trimurthi of shiva CAVE TEMPLE OF MANDAGAPATTU: Built by Mahendravarman I PANCHA PANDAVA CAVE: Mamallapuram Bas relief ARJUNA PENACE: Also known as descent of ganga Built by pallavas UDAYAGIRI AND KANDHAGIRI CAVES OF ORISSA Built by jains Hathi gumpha, rani gumpha and ganesha gumpha caves • Rock cut caves - barabar and nagarjuni hills - earlest example is sudama cave • Nagarjuni hills - 3 caves discovered - dedicated to monks of ajivika sect by dasaratha(grandson of Asoka) - largest cave is Gopi cave or milkmaid's cave - reactangular hall with barrel vaulted roof and with circular ends CAVE ARCHITECTURE DURING THE GUPTA PERIOD: Culture-Architecture Page 2 1) CHAITYA CAVE NUMBER 19 OF AJANTA GROUP Gupta age Entrance- flat roof - 4 pillars - huge chaitya window- separated by cornice Wood - discarded Aisle pillar pin side - beautiful motifs Buddha figure inside - mahayana school to chaitya architecture 2) VIHARA CAVE NUMBER 16 & 17 Harisena - vakatak king 65 ft square - 20 pillars - 6 residential cells for monks 2 - end of verandah and 2-back Between cells - rectangular sanctuary with buddha sitting in Pralambapada posture:feel hanging down Pillars - not alike Inscription - chiatya mandira Cave 17 similar to 16 except wheel of life "bhava chakra" 3) CAVE TEMPLE AT UDAIGIRI Near sanchi- gupta period Front - Rock cut shrine chamber and pillared portico Façade - 4 pillars with greater inter-columniation between inner 2 - characteristic gupta feature CAVES IN THE POST MAURYAN ART: Chaitya and vihar Chaitya - prayer hall by monks (karle chaitya in Maharashtra) Vihar - residence/rest places of monks (nashik vihar in ajantha caves) CAVES IN THE GUPTA AGE: Development in the form of paintings: Ajanta caves: Aurangabad in maharashtra 29 caves - buddhist in theme Discovered in 1829 Period of development - 200 BC to 650AD 29 - 4 chaitya + 25 viharas Carved on a perpendicular cliff - no courtyards All 3 forms of art combined - architecture, sculpture and paintings(mural paintings) Technique involved: FIRST STEP: clay + cow dung + rice husk spread on rough surface of rock SECOND STEP: lime plaster THIRD STEP: surface was kept moist until colour was applied (FRESCO PAINTINGS) Outlines are drawn in red colour and then all colours are used except blue as it cannot be obtained from hills Theme: Inspired by jataka stories Culture-Architecture Page 3 Inspired by jataka stories Fahien and hiuen tsang refer to ajantha 29 caves - 5 hinayana + 24 mahayana period Cave no.16 - most elegant architecturally Famous fresco paintings of ajantha: Dying princess Flying apsara Preaching buddha ELLORA CAVES: 34 caves 3 religions - hinduism(17) + buddhism(12) + jainism(5) Carved on sloping side of hill- have courtyards Cave 10(chaitya) - vishvakarma - dedication to patron saint of craftsmen Cave 14 - ravana ki khai Cave 15 - dashavathar cave Cave 16 - kailash temple - carved out of monolith (kailash leni) Ellora - triple storeyed caves , Ajanta - double storeyed caves Jaina caves: indra sabha and jagannath sabha INDRA SABHA > JAGANNATH SABHA Same techniques used in mural and fresco paintings BAGH CAVES: Near bagh river in M.P 9 buddhist caves Similar to ajanta caves JUNAGADH CAVES: Gujarat Uparkot meaning citadel - main feature Uparkots - 30 to 50 ft high artificial platform connected by staircase to the hall NASHIK CAVES: Culture-Architecture Page 4 25 buddhist caves - hinayana period 1st century AD Called as pandav leni Spiritual presence of buddha denoted by throne and footprints MONTPERIR/MANDAPESHWAR CAVES: Located in mandapeshwar 8th century AD Only brahmanical cave to be converted into christian cave • Beginning of rock cut architecture by mauryans • two features are added 1) Polishing inside the cave 2) Development of artistic gateways Examples: barabar & nagarjuni caves in bihar • Uses of caves Viharas in mauryan age Viharas are given to jain monks - ajivikas STUPA: Culture-Architecture Page 5 Earthened burial mound Anda -large hemispherical dome where a casket containing buddha relics(dhatu) was placed in small central chamber Inner wall - unburnt brick, outer wall - burnt brick Harmika - square pavilion on the flattened summit of the dome Chatra - umbrella built on the top of the dome Pradakshinapatha - path for clockwise circumambulation surrounded by a fence built encircling the stupa Stone balustrade(wooden fence) consisted of thabas(octagonal upright posts) capped by uhnisa(continuous caping stone) These posts connected by 3 horizontal rails called suchis 3 main stupas on this design - sanchi, bharhut and amaravathi Sanchi stupa - enlarged by sungas Torana - gateways having sculptures depicting jataka tales Sarnath stupa - made of brick Nalanda stupa - enlarged 7 times kanishka - massive stupa seen by fahien and hieun tsang at peshawar(shahji-ki-dheri) Concept of stupa - vedic period After death of buddha - 9 stupas 8 stupas - buddha's relics and ashes 9th over vessels - relics originally deposited Max no. of stupas - Ashoka - 84000 - reached climax EVOLUTION OF STUPAS: Mauryan - ashoka - sanchi stupa Post mauryan - more enlarged stupas, toranas- beautifully carved Culture-Architecture Page 6 Post mauryan - more enlarged stupas, toranas- beautifully carved Gupta - less no. of stupas - dhamekh stupa near sarnath 3 MAIN STUPAS IN MAURYAN ART: SANCHI STUPA: Shape - hemisphere - 120 ft in diameter - pradakshana path Cosmic mountain - symbol Ivory carvers of vidisha - inscription(wood & ivory to stone) on southern gateway Wooden railings replaced by stone ones(9ft high)- excellent masonry work Most imp addition-end of 1st century BC- 4 marvelous toranas at 4 cardinal points Sculptures(episodes of life of buddha and jataka stories)- finest ancient indian art 2nd or 1st century BC Later - transformed from hinayana to mahayana shrine AMARAVATHI STUPA: South india - no survival of stupas Final shape in 2nd century AD-larger than sanchi stupa Sculpture - extension of amaravathi school of art Fig of stupa-slightly rounder,taller,slimmer - delicate modeling Ceylon- "ABHAYAGIRI DAGAHABA"- anuradhapura reached tremendous proportions-327ft-bigger than pyramids of egypt GANDHARA STUPA: Sculpted base, dome and hemisphere Further development - sanchi and bharhut Very large stupas- nagarjunakonda in krishna valley Nagarjunakonda - mahachaitya- base in the form of swastika (sun symbol) BHARHUT STUPA: 2nd century BC Imp for its sculpture as its dome is vanished Railings - red stone Gateways,pillars,uprights and crossbars-full of sculptures-depict pictorial represenations of nature Sculptures-portray realistic scenes of daily life OTHER STUPAS: Imp-bodhgaya,nagarjunakonda and taxila Bodhgaya-no existence just few pillars of sunga period-depict jatakas Nagarjunakonda- diff from n.india stupas 1) highlight - excerpts from buddha's life sculptured beautifully on panels 2) gods praying to bodhisatvas to take birth on earth 3) buddha's entry into womb in the form of white elephant and birth of buddha under a flowering teak tree Stupa of taxila - "CHIRA TOPE STUPA" - sir john marshall Stupa of jhandial - found a silver casket enclosing one of gold - scytho pathian style SCULPTURE: Mauryan : Yaksh and yakshini: Culture-Architecture Page 7 Yaksh and yakshini: Work-realistic-transfer of style developed on wood Objects of worship in folk region Yaksh - parkham,UP and pawaya,Gwalior Yakshini - didarganj, bihar 3 religions - jainism,buddhism and hinduism Buddhism - fig found on stupas Jainism - 24 trithankaras associated with yakshini Hinduism - shilappadikaram mentions about yakshini Post Mauryan: BASIS GANDHARA MATHURA AMARAVATHI Outside influence Greek or hellenistic-indo greek art No outside influence/indigeneous indigeneous Type of sandstone Grey or bluish grey spotted red sandstone white marbles Religious Mainly buddhism All 3 religions - jainism,buddhism,hinduism mainly buddhism influence Promoted by kushans kushans satavahanas Areas NW frontier Mathura, kankalitila krishna godavari lower valley Features Spiritual buddha-calmness Delighted buddha - not spiritual Reflects narrative Bearded budhha-moustache Head and face shaven Theme based on life of buddha on jataka Wearing less ornaments Muscularity stories GREEK-having wavy hair, large Dress in tight, energitic body Stories of previous births of buddha - forehead,position of Buddhas face reflects grace human and animal form yogi,having large ears,eyes half Seated in padmasan right hand in closed , protruberence on his abhaymudra
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 91 44 2744 2160 Email: [email protected] Web: (Formerly Hi Tours Mamallapuram Pvt Ltd)
    Tel: + 91 44 2744 3260 / 2744 3360 / 2744 2460 Fax: 91 44 2744 2160 Email: [email protected] Web: www.travelxs.in (Formerly Hi Tours Mamallapuram Pvt Ltd) TOUR NAME: CENTRAL INDIA TOUR TOUR DAYS: 28 NIGHTS, 29 DAYS ROUTE : DELHI (ARRIVAL) – AGRA – ORCHHA – KHAJURAHO –SANCHI - UJJAIN - MANDU - MAHESHWAR – OMKARESHWAR - AJANTA - AURANGABAD - HYDERABAD – BIJAPUR – BADAMI – HAMPI – CHITRADURGA - SHARAVANBELAGOLA – BANGALORE TOUR LODGING INFO: 27 Nights Hotels, 01 Overnight Trains Accommodation will be provided on room with breakfast basis. For Lunch and dinner there would be an additional supplement. Our aforementioned quoted tour cost is based on Standard Category. Hotel list is as follows:- PLACES COVERED NUMBER OF NIGHTS STANDARD HOTELS DELHI 02 NIGHTS ASTER INN AGRA 02 NIGHTS ROYALE RESIDENCY ORCHHA 02 NIGHT SHEESH MAHAL KHAJURAHO 02 NIGHTS USHA BUNDELA SANCHI 02 NIGHTS GATEWAY RETREAT (MPTDC HOTEL) UJJAIN 02 NIGHTS SHIPRA RESIDENCY (MPTDC HOTEL) MANDU 03 NIGHTS MALWA RESORT (MPTDC HOTEL) MAHESHWAR 01 NIGHT NARMADA RESORT (MPTDC HOTEL) OMKARESHWAR 01 NIGHT NARMADA RESORT (MPTDC HOTEL) AJANTA 01 NIGHT FARDAPUR (MTDC HOTEL) AURANGABAD 01 NIGHT NEW BHARATI OVERNIGHT TRAIN 01 NIGHT HYDERABAD 02 NIGHTS HOTEL GOLKONDA BIJAPUR 01 NIGHT MADHUVAN INTERNATIONAL BADAMI 02 NIGHTS BADAMI COURT HAMPI 01 NIGHT HAMPI BOULDERS CHITRADURGA 01 NIGHT NAVEEN RESIDENCY SHARAVANBELAGOLA 01 NIGHT HOTEL RAGHU TOUR PACKAGE INCLUDES: - Accommodation on twin sharing basis. - Daily Buffet Breakfast. - All transfers / tours and excursions by AC chauffeur driven vehicle. - 2nd AC Sleeper Class Train ticket from Aurangabad - Hyderabad - All currently applicable taxes. TOUR PACKAGE DOES NOT INCLUDE: - Meals at hotels except those listed in above inclusions. - Entrances at all sight seeing spots.
    [Show full text]
  • Shiva's Waterfront Temples
    Shiva’s Waterfront Temples: Reimagining the Sacred Architecture of India’s Deccan Region Subhashini Kaligotla Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Subhashini Kaligotla All rights reserved ABSTRACT Shiva’s Waterfront Temples: Reimagining the Sacred Architecture of India’s Deccan Region Subhashini Kaligotla This dissertation examines Deccan India’s earliest surviving stone constructions, which were founded during the 6th through the 8th centuries and are known for their unparalleled formal eclecticism. Whereas past scholarship explains their heterogeneous formal character as an organic outcome of the Deccan’s “borderland” location between north India and south India, my study challenges the very conceptualization of the Deccan temple within a binary taxonomy that recognizes only northern and southern temple types. Rejecting the passivity implied by the borderland metaphor, I emphasize the role of human agents—particularly architects and makers—in establishing a dialectic between the north Indian and the south Indian architectural systems in the Deccan’s built worlds and built spaces. Secondly, by adopting the Deccan temple cluster as an analytical category in its own right, the present work contributes to the still developing field of landscape studies of the premodern Deccan. I read traditional art-historical evidence—the built environment, sculpture, and stone and copperplate inscriptions—alongside discursive treatments of landscape cultures and phenomenological and experiential perspectives. As a result, I am able to present hitherto unexamined aspects of the cluster’s spatial arrangement: the interrelationships between structures and the ways those relationships influence ritual and processional movements, as well as the symbolic, locative, and organizing role played by water bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • April 2007 (No
    PROTECTED AREA UPDATE News and Information from protected areas in India and South Asia Vol. XIII No. 2 April 2007 (No. 66) LIST OF CONTENTS WII study indicates 9 tigers in 185 sq. kms of Panna EDITORIAL 2 NP Pilgrims and PAs Maharashtra 10 NEWS FROM INDIAN STATES Village relocation starts from Tadoba Andhari TR Assam 3 Vigil in Sanjay Gandhi NP and Tungareshwar WLS 58 rhino deaths in Kaziranga NP in 2006 for Mahashivratri Centre agrees to Assam plea for increase in Eco-festival in Bhimashanker WLS on occasion of elephant depredation compensation Mahashivratri Rs. One crore for Pobitora WLS Mizoram 11 Two rhinos released in Manas Indo-Bangladesh border patrol road to pass through Call to declare the Khabalu-Ghagarmukh stretch Dampa TR of River Subansiri in Lakhimpur as a river Orissa 11 dolphin sanctuary FD objection to power lines inside Lakheri Valley Chandigarh 4 WLS Migratory bird deaths in Sukhna; bird flu ruled Seven sites for ‘Conservation and Management of out Wetlands and Mangroves’ Scheme Goa 5 Kin of elephant attack victims get compensation New Ceacilian found near Mhadei WLS HC probe into Badrama Wildlife Division tree- Gujarat 5 felling Gir lions to be moved to Barda Sea turtle nesting sites for tourism development Gujarat Government to form ‘Gujarat Lion Hydrophones to study Chilika dolphins Conservation Society’ Crab culture project in Chilika area Efforts to reduce lion mortalities, conflict in Gir Concerns over tourism plans in Chilika Haryana 6 Villagers volunteer land for mangrove regeneration Meeting held to discuss
    [Show full text]
  • Early Career and Different Achievements of Asoka
    International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 7 Issue 9, September 2017, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Early career and different achievements of Asoka Manoj Malakar* Abstract Asoka was the greatest emperor in Mauriyan dynesty. He was a great patronage of Buddhism and art and architecture. This paper tries to high light about the early life and career of the great Mauryan emperor Asoka. There was lot of great emperor in Indian history, who wrote their name in golden letter in history and Asoka also one of among these rulers. Some different prominent writer had analysis about Asoka’s life and career. This paper tries to analyses how he (Asoka) began his career and got achievements during his region. This paper also tries to highlight Asoka’s Dhamma and his patronage of art and architecture during his region. This paper also tries to discuss Asoka’s patronage of Buddhism. He sent his own son and girl to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism. Keywords: Career, Buddha Dhamma, Art and Architecture, Inscription. * Assistant Teacher & Faculty K.K.H.S.O.U. (Malaybari junior college study centre). 624 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Introduction Asoka was one of the greatest kings of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded From
    Address: Plot No. A-12,13, Flat No. 201, 2nd Floor, Ansal Building, Mukherjee Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110009 Phone No: 011-47354625/ 26, 9205274741/42, 011-49274400 Indian Art & Culture in English Buddhist Art and Architecture : Chaitya and Vihara In our previous video, we briefly took you through the history of Buddhism and also let you know about the architectural style during the spread of Buddhism. Fundamentals of Buddhism and Buddhist art, its defining principles, and notable examples from art history are talked about in these videos. Earlier we gave you an insight about the stupas and why were they important. Today we will tell you about the rest of the important features like Viharas and Chaityas. Throughout his life, Buddha spoke on the value of respect, peace, honesty, and wisdom to help others achieve a higher sense of consciousness. However, it wasn’t until after his death that artists depicted his teachings. The very first Buddhist artworks were stupas, filled with Buddha’s relics. The spiritual value of the stupas drove artists to create other statues and monuments that could serve as a place of worship and deep reflection for those looking to follow Buddha’s path. Viharas were monasteries constructed to shelter the monks. Viharas were dwelling places used by wandering monks during the rainy season but eventually they evolved into centers of learning and Buddhist architecture through the donations of wealthy lay Buddhists. Many Viharas, such as Nalanda, were world famous, and their Buddhist teachings were transmitted to other parts of Asia including China and Tibet, where Buddhism continued to flourish.
    [Show full text]
  • Kamasundari Shrine ACSAA Slide
    Ptg India 101 Sc India 111 Ptg India 121 Arc India 142 Chibadaram 17th C Gangaikondacholapuram Hampi-Vijayanagar Sc India 132 Madurai,C.12thC&Later Sri Nataraja Temple Brihadesvara Temple Virupaksha Temple Kumbakonam C.9th C Minakshi-Sundaresvara Nagesvaraswami Temple Ceiling Mandapa Siva- Sarasvati, C.1030 Mandapa Ceiling,15thC Temp--Pudu Mandapam Kamasundari Shrine Wall Lft Nth Entrance Shiva as Tripurantaka South Wall Of Sanctum Monolithic Pillar ACSAA Slide (c) AAAUM ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Female Fig <Apsaras?> 17th C. (c)AAAUM ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Ptg India 102 Arc India 112 Arc India 122 Sc India 143 Chibadaram 17th C Hampi-Vijayanagar Hampi-Vijayanagar Ptg India 133 Madurai,C.12thC&Later Sri Nataraja Temple Vitthala Temple 16thC Council Hall, 16thC Lepakshi 16th C Minakshi-Sundaresvara Virabhadraswami Temp. Shiva(Bhikashatana) & View Of Gopuram ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Temp--Pudu Mandapam Rishi's Wives ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Ceiling Rangamandapa Tirumalai Nayak&Wives Detail 101 (c) AAAUM Arc India 123 Maids Attend Parvati 17th C. (c)AAAUM Arc India 113 Hampi-Vijayanagar ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Ptg India 103 Hampi-Vijayanagar Elephant Stables Ptg India 144 Chibadaram 17th C Vitthala Temple 16thC Ptg India 134 Madurai,C.12thC&Later Sri Nataraja Temple 16th C Lepakshi 16th C Minakshi-Sundaresvara Mandapa ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Virabhadraswami Temp. Rishi's Wives ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Temp, Shiva Lilas Detail Of 101 Arc India 124 Maids Attend Parvati Painting On Wood ACSAA Slide (c) AAAUM Arc India 114 Kanchipuram C.725 Detail Of 133 19th C. (c)AAAUM Hampi-Vijayanagar Kailasanatha Temple ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Ptg India 104 Vitthala Temple 16thC Ptg India 145 Chibadaram 17th C View From SE Ptg India 135 Madurai,C.12thC&Later Sri Nataraja Temple Mandapa Pillars ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Lepakshi 16th C Minakshi-Sundaresvara ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Virabhadraswami Temp.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact and Assessment of Wildlife Mortalities on Road Due to Vehicular Movements in Desert National Park, Rajasthan, India
    Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, July 2020. Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 173-177 AJCB: SC0043 ISSN 2278-7666 ©TCRP Foundation 2020 Impact and assessment of wildlife mortalities on road due to vehicular movements in Desert National Park, Rajasthan, India Rakesh Kumawat* and Ashok Purohit Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan- 342001, India (Received: November 22, 2019; Revised: May 29, 2020 ; Accepted: July 05 , 2020) ABSTRACT To begin to quantify the effects of roadways on wildlife at Desert National Park, Jaisalmer, regular road kills surveys were conducted with the help of forest officials from January 2016 to December 2016. During these sur- veys, we have documented overall 289 wildlife road mortalities during an average of one-year period. Neverthe- less, the number of individual animals observed is only a small fraction of the number killed on roads in and ad- jacent to the Park. A total of 289 instances of road kill of faunal diversity belonging to 43 species and 27 families were recorded. Among them one species is endangered and 20 are least concern. There was higher mortality among reptiles. It is feared that such a kind of persistence loss can be detrimental to the local reptilian population of DNP. Key words: Desert National Park, Road kill, Vertebrate. INTRODUCTION Shwiff et al., 2007; Seshadri et al., 2009; Dutta et al., 2018). However, unfortunately, nearly negligible stud- Road kill is undoubtedly one of the most significant ies were conducted considering western Rajasthan, human-caused factors of direct mortality to vertebrate which is a diversity hub for peculiar fauna (Sharma, animals in and around significant biodiversity-rich are- 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • AP Board Class 6 Social Science Chapter 20
    Improve your learning Sculptures and Buildings 1) Brief the importance of languages. 20 2) How can you say that Aryabhata was the father of astronomy? CHAPTER 3) Differentiate between Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. 4) Mention a few inventions in Mathematics. Archeologists digging very ancient cities of Indus Valley found some very nice stone and bronze sculptures besides seals carved on stones 5) Look at a currency note and write down difference scripts on them. Identify the and baked clay figurines. These were made some 4000 years ago. You language in which they are written. Is the same script used for different languages? can see some of their pictures here. You can see that these depict everything in a natural manner. We don’t know what they were used for. Which are they? 6) Refer to any general knowledge book and list out five great books in Telugu language and other languages. Project : Prepare a Flow Chart on the establishment of languages. Fig: 20.1. A small bust of a male person of Fig: 20.3. A bronze statue of a importance – was he a priest or a king? girl standing Fig: 20.2. A beautiful Harappan Fig: 20.4. A mother goddess figurine Seal showing a bull of terracotta. 170 Social Studies Free Distribution by Govt. of A.P. A little later the art of casting metal These pillars and the Lion Capital Portrait of Ashoka from Stupa. Look at the photo. You can see that figures spread to Maharashtra. Some very represent the power and majesty of the Kanaganahalli it is like a hemisphere (half ball) – just as exquisite bronze figures were found during Mauryan emperors.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of Ancient Indian Art and Architecture
    ASPECTS OF ANCIENT INDIAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE M.A. History Semester - I MAHIS - 101 SHRI VENKATESHWARA UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH-244236 BOARD OF STUDIES Prof (Dr.) P.K.Bharti Vice Chancellor Dr. Rajesh Singh Director Directorate of Distance Education SUBJECT EXPERT Dr. S.K.Bhogal, Professor Dr. Yogeshwar Prasad Sharma, Professor Dr. Uma Mishra, Asst. Professor COURSE CO-ORDINATOR Mr. Shakeel Kausar Dy. Registrar Author: Dr. Vedbrat Tiwari, Assistant Professor, Department of History, College of Vocational Studies, University of Delhi Copyright © Author, 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form or by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the Publisher. Information contained in this book has been published by VIKAS® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. and has been obtained by its Authors from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, the Publisher and its Authors shall in no event be liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of this information and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use. Vikas® is the registered trademark of Vikas® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. VIKAS® PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT LTD E-28, Sector-8, Noida - 201301
    [Show full text]
  • List of Hotel Details in Mamallapuram, ECR
    List of Hotel Details in Mamallapuram, ECR: Sl.No. Name of hotel, full postal address, email ID, contact person Star category and phone numbers including mobile number with star category 1. Inter Continental Hotel & Resort, 5 star No. 212 Nemelli Village, Perur Post Office,, East Coast Rd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603104 Ms.Ani – 044 71720101 2. Fisherman cove, 5 star Kovelong Beach, Kancheepuram. Ph: 044 6741 3333 Mr.Anil 3. Esthell – The Village Resort, 4 star Sadras Road, Egairathinapuram, Thirukazhukundram. Ph: 044 3728 2828 Mr. Devaraj 4. MGM Beach Resort 4 star 1/74, E Coast Rd, Muttukadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603112 Mr.Domnic 9790777788 5. Confluence Banquets and resorts 4 star ECR-OMR JunctionECR, Poonjeri, Mamallapuram 09600019195 Ms.Mary – 044 30723071 6. Radisson Blu Resort Temple Bay, Mamallapuram 3 star www.radisonblu.com/hotel_mamallapuram 044 27443636 7. Golden Bay Resorts, 3 star East Coast Road, Opp. Kuvathur Police Station, Kuvathur, Tamil Nadu 603305 044 71011555 Mr. Prem 8. Ideal Beach Resort, 3 star Devaneri, ECR Road, Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu 603104 Ms.Amala - 04424495161 9. Golden Sun Beach Resort 3 star 59 Kovelong Road, Mahabalipuram 603103, 044 – 27442245 Mr.Raghuman 10. Mamalla Beach Resort, 3 star Contact Person: Mr.Raju 044 27442375 11. Hotel Mamalla Inn 3 star 69/1, East Raja Street Mamallapuram 044 27442275 Mr.Raju - 9442646875 12. VGP Golden Beach Resorts, 3 star 5/159, East Coast Road, Injambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600115 Mr.Vinayagam, 044 - 24491101 13. Hotel Sea Breeze, 3 star deluxe No.18 Othavadai street, Mamallapruam 9952990700 044 27443035 [email protected] Mr. Francis 14.
    [Show full text]
  • ANSWERED ON:07.12.2015 E-Ticketing for Monuments Mishra Shri Anoop;Rao Shri Rayapati Sambasiva
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:1352 ANSWERED ON:07.12.2015 E-Ticketing for Monuments Mishra Shri Anoop;Rao Shri Rayapati Sambasiva Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1352 TO BE ANSWERED ON 7.12.2015 AGRAHAYANA 16, 1937 (SAKA) E-TICKETING FOR MONUMENTS +1352. SHRI ANOOP MISHRA: SHRI RAYAPATI SAMBASIVA RAO: Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) whether the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) proposes to introduce e-ticketing system for entry into protected monuments in the country; (b) if so, the details thereof and the time by which the said proposal is likely to be implemented; (c) if not, the reasons therefor; (d) whether the Government has taken any steps to increase the revenue from the ticketed monuments in the country; and (e) if so, the details thereof along with the details of revenue generated from each such monument, State-wise and monument-wise? Answer ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE, CULTURE AND TOURISM (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) AND MINISTER OF STATE, CIVIL AVIATION (DR. MAHESH SHARMA) (a)to(c) Yes, Madam. Archaeological Survey of India has launched e-ticketing services at Taj Mahal, Agra and a few monuments of Delhi. E-ticketing services will be launched at all ticketed monuments shortly. (d) Enhancement in entry fee at centrally protected ticketed monuments and charges of license fee for filming operations in the centrally protected monuments have been made vide Gazette Notification No.G.S.R. 607(E) dated 31st July, 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Ajanta and Ellora Caves
    Ajanta and Ellora Caves drishtiias.com/printpdf/ajanta-and-ellora-caves Why in News Two tourist visitor centres set up at Ajanta and Ellora caves by the Maharashtra government have been shut due to their pending water and electricity dues worth ₹5 crore. Ajanta Caves Location: Ajanta is a series of rock-cut caves in the Sahyadri ranges (Western Ghats) on Waghora river near Aurangabad in Maharashtra. Number of Caves: There are a total of 29 caves (all buddhist) of which 25 were used as Viharas or residential caves while 4 were used as Chaitya or prayer halls. Time of Development The caves were developed in the period between 200 B.C. to 650 A.D. The Ajanta caves were inscribed by the Buddhist monks, under the patronage of the Vakataka kings – Harishena being a prominent one. Reference of the Ajanta caves can be found in the travel accounts of Chinese Buddhist travellers Fa Hien (during the reign of Chandragupta II; 380- 415 CE) and Hieun Tsang (during the reign of emperor Harshavardhana; 606 - 647 CE). 1/3 Painting The figures in these caves were done using fresco painting. The outlines of the paintings were done in red colour. One of the striking features is the absence of blue colour in the paintings. The paintings are generally themed around Buddhism – the life of Buddha and Jataka stories. UNESCO Site: The caves were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983. Ellora Caves Location: It is located nearly 100 Kms away from Ajanta caves in the Sahyadri range of Maharashtra. Number of Caves: It is a group of 34 caves – 17 Brahmanical, 12 Buddhist and 5 Jain.
    [Show full text]