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XWYf• 4 PACIFIC /f )\ ' / vy \ INSECTS MONOGRAPH 13 A monographic revision of the ant jgenu s Ponera Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) By Robert W. Taylor Published by Entomology Department, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A. 1967 PACIFIC INSECTS MONOGRAPHS Published by Entomology Department, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96819, U.S.A. Editorial Committee: J. L. Gressitt, Editor (Honolulu), S. Asahina (Tokyo), R. G. Fennah (London), R. A. Harrison (Christchurch), T. C. Maa (Honolulu & Taipei), C. W. Sabrosky (Washington, D. C), R. L. Usinger (Berkeley), J. van der Vecht (Leiden), K. Yasumatsu (Fukuoka), E. C. Zimmerman (New Hampshire). Assistant Editors: P. D. Ashlock (Honolulu), Carol Higa (Honolulu), Naoko Kunimori (Fukuoka), Setsuko Nakata (Honolulu). Business Manager: C. M. Yoshimoto (Honolulu). Business Assistant: Shirley Hokama (Honolulu). Business Agent in Japan: K. Yasumatsu (Fukuoka). Entomological staff, Bishop Museum, 1967: Hatsuko Arakaki, P. D. Ashlock, Madaline Boyes, Candida Cardenas, Ann Cutting, M. Farinas, Eileen Garrett, J. L. Gressitt (Chairman), Carol Higa, Y. Hiroshima, Shirley Hokama, E. Holzapfel, Dorothy Hoxie, Yiau-Min Huang, Helen Hurd, June Ibara, Suzanne Kee­ nan, Naoko Kunimori, D. Lenhoff, T. C. Maa, Grace Nakahashi, Setsuko Nakata (Adm. Asst), Tuline Nonomura, T. Saigusa, I. Sakakibara, Judy Sakamoto, Pualani Sakimura, G. A. Samuelson, Sybil Seto, W. A. Steffan, R. W. Strandtman, Amy Suehiro, Grace Thompson, Clara Uchida, J. R. Vockeroth, Nixon Wil­ son, C. M. Yoshimoto, E. C. Zimmermann. Field associates: E. E. Gless, V. Peckham, D. S. Rabor, J. Sedlacek, M. Sedlacek, P. Shanahan, R. Straatman, H. M. Torrevillas, A. M. R. Wegner. Research fellows: R. R. Forster, S. Sirivanakarn, T. W. Suman, W. J. Voss. PACIFIC INSECTS MONOGRAPHS form an adjunct series associated with the quarterly journal PACIFIC INSECTS. The series is devoted to monographs and other works too large for the journal. The MONOGRAPHS appear irregularly and are numbered consecutively except for works which are issued in more than one installment. (See back cover for information about the journal). Price: The MONOGRAPHS are not included in the subscription to PACIFIC INSECTS. The price of this issue is $ 4.50 with hard cover or $ 3.50 with paper cover (remittance to Pacific Insects, Bishop Mu­ seum Honolulu, Hawaii, 95819, U. S. A.); Japan: ¥ 1620 or ¥ 1260 (remittance to Dr. K. Yasumatsu, En­ tomological Lab., Fac. of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan). PACIFIC INSECTS MONOGRAPHS 1A-1B. Gressitt and Kimoto: Chrysomelidae (Coleopt.) of China and Korea, Parts 1 and 2. Pp. 1- 1026, 284 figs. (incl, color pl.). 1961, 1963. $ 14.75 bound together. Part 1 (Mon. IA) : Pp. 1-299, 77 figs. 1961. $4.00. Part 2 (Mon. IB) : Pp. 301-1026, 207 figs. 1 col. pl. 1963. $ 10.00. 2. J. L. Gressitt: Problems in the zoogeography of Pacific and Antarctic insects. With appendices by T. C. Maa, I. M. Mackerras, S. Nakata and L. W. Quate. Pp. 1-127, 45 figs. 1961. $ 2.50 bound; $ 2.00 unbound. 3. K. Sakaguti and E. W. Jameson, Jr.: The Siphonaptera of Japan. Pp. 1-169, 66 figs. 1962. $4.00 bound ; $ 3.25 unbound. 4. V. K. Gupta: Taxonomy, zoogeography, and evolution of Indo-Australian Theronia (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Pp. 1-142, 29 figs., 15 maps. 1962. $ 3.50 bound; $ 3.00 unbound. 5. T. C. Maa: A review of the Machaerotidae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea). Pp. 1-166, 35 figs. 1963. $ 5.00 bound; $ 4.25 unbound. 6. T. C. Maa: Genera and species of Hippoboscidae (Diptera): types, synonymy, habitats and nat­ ural groupings. Pp. 1-186, 55 figs. 1963. $4.50 bound; $3.75 unbound. 7. J. L. Gressitt and Collaborators: Insects of Campbell Island. Pp. 1-663, many figs. (incl. 2 color pis.) 1964. $ 10.00 bound; $ 9.00 unbound. 8. C. R. Baltazar: A catalogue of Philippine Hymenoptera (with a bibliography, 1758-1963). Pp. 1-488. 1966. $ 9.00 bound; S 8.00 unbound. 9. W. Hennig: The Diptera fauna of New Zealand as a problem in Systematics and zoogeography. Translated from German by Petr Wygodzinsky. Pp. 1-81, 27 figs., 7 tables. 1966. S 3.50 unbound. 10. T. C. Maa: Studies in Hippoboscidae (Diptera). Pp. 1-148, 83 figs. 1966. $5.00 bound; $4.00 unbound. 11. J. A. Comstock: Lepidoptera of American Samoa with particular reference to biology and eco­ logy. Pp. 1-74, 13 pis. (7 in color). $3.50 bound; $2.50 unbound. 12. S. H. Mahmood: A study of the Typhlocybine genera of the Oriental Region (Thailand, the Philippines and adjoining areas). Pp. 1-52, 10 pis. $3.25 bound; $2.25 unbound. Printed by Shukosha Printing Co., Fukuoka, Japan Pacific Insects Monograph 13: 1-112 30 May 1967 A MONOGRAPHIC REVISION OF THE ANT GENUS PONERA LATREILLE (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)1'2 By Robert W. Taylor BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES, HARVARD UNIVERSITY3 Abstract: Most species of Ponera (s. lat.) may be assigned to a newly delimited genus taking the name Hypoponera Santschi (new status, for Ponera subgenus Hypoponera). The 28 living and 1 extinct species remaining in Ponera are monographed, following discussion of the new generic classification. Species described as new are: Ponera alpha, P. angusta (NE New Guinea) ; P. borneensis (Borneo) ; P. chapmani (Negros, Philippines) ; P. manni (Viti Levu, Fiji), P. loi and P. woodwardi (Upolu, Samoa). This is the first of a series of proposed papers dealing with those species assigned to the ant genus Ponera in the classification of Emery (1911) and Wheeler (1922). The Emery- Wheeler system has been subject to considerable recent change and will no longer operate successfully in the light of modern knowledge. Recent research has necessitated synonymy of many older genera, as they have merged one into another on critical examination of their status. This paper offers yet another generic change, in this case not a synonymy but a split; for it demonstrates that Ponera {sensu lato) consists of two distinct, non-cognate, and easi­ ly distinguished genera. True Ponera contains only 28 living species confined to the Indo- Australian area, eastern North America and Europe; while the second genus receives most of the former Ponera species, including all of the Neotropical and Ethiopian forms. This last assemblage takes the name Hypoponera Santschi (1938) which was originally assigned subgeneric status under Ponera. Santschi's morphological criteria of Hypoponera are taxonomically meaningless, but his type species, Ponera abeillei Andre 1881, belongs in my second genus which must be named accordingly. In addition this study provides a world revision of Ponera, in the newly restricted sense. I have examined many hundreds of specimens of Ponera (sensu lato), including most types. Consequently it can be confidently claimed that all species previously described in Ponera, and congeneric with the type, P. coarctata, are included here. As a sideline to the main study Heer's form-genus Poneropsis has been utilized as a parataxonomic category, contain­ ing all but one of the many fossil ants previously assigned to Ponera (Taylor 1964). 1. Based on research completed in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Harvard University. 2. Research supported in part by U. S. National Science Foundation Grant GB-1634. 3. Present address: Entomology Division, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia. 2 Pae. Ins. Mon. 13 REFERENCE COLLECTIONS Proper systematic study of ants is usually impossible without access to type material. This is especially true when considering large, long-standing genera like Ponera. In this regard I have obtained splendid cooperation from the curators of many museums and other institutions, and have been able to study almost all required type specimens. At present all types in Ponera {sensu lato) have not been examined, since the primary task of estab­ lishing the new generic limits has been possible without this. However, I have seen types, or dependably type-compared specimens, of all erstwhile Ponera species from areas where the genus in its present sense occurs, as well as those of most African and South American species properly assigned to Hypoponera. In revising Ponera it has thus been possible to proceed with several revisionary studies of Hypoponera. In the systematic treatment of Ponera species to follow, each loan of reference material is noted. Notice is not given to all loans made for the major study of which this paper is a part since many consign­ ments contained only Hypoponera species. However, in the list of cooperating institutions given below, all those that have assisted with the project are included, and the persons involved are acknowledged in the relevant section following. The principal collections from which types or details concerning them have been obtained are the following (abbreviations in brackets are those used in the text): American Museum of Natural History, New York City (AMNH) ; British Museum (Natural History), London (BMNH) ; Clark Collection, National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (Clark Coll.) ; National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Org­ anization, Canberra, Australia (CSIRO) ; Emery Collection, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa, Italy (Emery Coll.) ; Forel Collection, Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzer­ land (Forel Coll.) ; Hungarian National Museum, Budapest (Hung. N. M.) ; Mayr Collec­ tion, Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria (Mayr Coll.) ; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (MCZ); Oxford University Museum, Oxford, England (Oxford Coll.) ; Paris Museum, Paris, France (Paris Mus.); Santschi Col­ lection, Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, Basel, Switzerland (Santschi Coll.); United States Na­ tional Museum, Washington, D. C. (USNM). Valuable general collections have been received from the following institutions : AMNH ; B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii (BISHOP) ; Canada Department of Agriculture, Entomological Research Branch, Ottawa (CDA) ; Cornell University, Department of En­ tomology, Ithaca, New York (Cornell Coll.); CSIRO; Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Sec. Ag. Brazil) ; University of Queensland, Department of Entomology, Brisbane, Australia (Queensland U.
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  • Ants (Hymenoptera: Fonnicidae) of Samoa!

    Ants (Hymenoptera: Fonnicidae) of Samoa!

    Ants (Hymenoptera: Fonnicidae) of Samoa! James K Wetterer 2 and Donald L. Vargo 3 Abstract: The ants of Samoa have been well studied compared with those of other Pacific island groups. Using Wilson and Taylor's (1967) specimen records and taxonomic analyses and Wilson and Hunt's (1967) list of 61 ant species with reliable records from Samoa as a starting point, we added published, unpublished, and new records ofants collected in Samoa and updated taxonomy. We increased the list of ants from Samoa to 68 species. Of these 68 ant species, 12 species are known only from Samoa or from Samoa and one neighboring island group, 30 species appear to be broader-ranged Pacific natives, and 26 appear to be exotic to the Pacific region. The seven-species increase in the Samoan ant list resulted from the split of Pacific Tetramorium guineense into the exotic T. bicarinatum and the native T. insolens, new records of four exotic species (Cardiocondyla obscurior, Hypoponera opaciceps, Solenopsis geminata, and Tetramorium lanuginosum), and new records of two species of uncertain status (Tetramorium cf. grassii, tentatively considered a native Pacific species, and Monomorium sp., tentatively considered an endemic Samoan form). SAMOA IS AN ISLAND CHAIN in western island groups, prompting Wilson and Taylor Polynesia with nine inhabited islands and (1967 :4) to feel "confident that a nearly numerous smaller, uninhabited islands. The complete faunal list could be made for the western four inhabited islands, Savai'i, Apo­ Samoan Islands." Samoa is of particular in­ lima, Manono, and 'Upolu, are part of the terest because it is one of the easternmost independent country of Samoa (formerly Pacific island groups with a substantial en­ Western Samoa).
  • James K. Wetterer

    James K. Wetterer

    James K. Wetterer Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458 Phone: (561) 799-8648; FAX: (561) 799-8602; e-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, Seattle, WA, 9/83 - 8/88 Ph.D., Zoology: Ecology and Evolution; Advisor: Gordon H. Orians. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, East Lansing, MI, 9/81 - 9/83 M.S., Zoology: Ecology; Advisors: Earl E. Werner and Donald J. Hall. CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, NY, 9/76 - 5/79 A.B., Biology: Ecology and Systematics. UNIVERSITÉ DE PARIS III, France, 1/78 - 5/78 Semester abroad: courses in theater, literature, and history of art. WORK EXPERIENCE FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY, Wilkes Honors College 8/04 - present: Professor 7/98 - 7/04: Associate Professor Teaching: Principles of Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, Human Ecology, Environmental Studies, Tropical Ecology, Biodiversity, Life Science, and Scientific Writing 9/03 - 1/04 & 5/04 - 8/04: Fulbright Scholar; Ants of Trinidad and Tobago COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, Department of Earth and Environmental Science 7/96 - 6/98: Assistant Professor Teaching: Community Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, and Tropical Ecology WHEATON COLLEGE, Department of Biology 8/94 - 6/96: Visiting Assistant Professor Teaching: General Ecology and Introductory Biology HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Museum of Comparative Zoology 8/91- 6/94: Post-doctoral Fellow; Behavior, ecology, and evolution of fungus-growing ants Advisors: Edward O. Wilson, Naomi Pierce, and Richard Lewontin 9/95 - 1/96: Teaching: Ethology PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 7/89 - 7/91: Research Associate; Ecology and evolution of leaf-cutting ants Advisor: Stephen Hubbell 1/91 - 5/91: Teaching: Tropical Ecology, Introduction to the Scientific Method VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, Department of Psychology 9/88 - 7/89: Post-doctoral Fellow; Visual psychophysics of fish and horseshoe crabs Advisor: Maureen K.
  • Borowiec Et Al-2020 Ants – Phylogeny and Classification

    Borowiec Et Al-2020 Ants – Phylogeny and Classification

    A Ants: Phylogeny and 1758 when the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné Classification published the tenth edition of his catalog of all plant and animal species known at the time. Marek L. Borowiec1, Corrie S. Moreau2 and Among the approximately 4,200 animals that he Christian Rabeling3 included were 17 species of ants. The succeeding 1University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA two and a half centuries have seen tremendous 2Departments of Entomology and Ecology & progress in the theory and practice of biological Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, classification. Here we provide a summary of the NY, USA current state of phylogenetic and systematic 3Social Insect Research Group, Arizona State research on the ants. University, Tempe, AZ, USA Ants Within the Hymenoptera Tree of Ants are the most ubiquitous and ecologically Life dominant insects on the face of our Earth. This is believed to be due in large part to the cooperation Ants belong to the order Hymenoptera, which also allowed by their sociality. At the time of writing, includes wasps and bees. ▶ Eusociality, or true about 13,500 ant species are described and sociality, evolved multiple times within the named, classified into 334 genera that make up order, with ants as by far the most widespread, 17 subfamilies (Fig. 1). This diversity makes the abundant, and species-rich lineage of eusocial ants the world’s by far the most speciose group of animals. Within the Hymenoptera, ants are part eusocial insects, but ants are not only diverse in of the ▶ Aculeata, the clade in which the ovipos- terms of numbers of species.