6358 :CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 11 con-ference that he stlll .cannot accept the Representative WILLIAM c. CRAMER, Re the Chief Executive to use armed force, if much touted distinction between. offensive publican of Florida, another critic of the necessary, to prevent any further buildup in and defensive weapons. President, said that Congress had authorized Cuba, but that mandate is being ignored.
the Senate had passed without amend The SPEAKER. Is there objection to HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment a concurrent resolution of the the request of the gentleman from Ala House of the follow.ing title: bama? THURSDAY, APRIL 11, 1963 H. Con. Res. 134. Concurrent resolution es There was no objection. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. tablishing that when the House adjourns on The SPEAKER. The Chair recognizes Rev. Father Joseph F. Thorning, Thursday, April 11, 1963, it stand adjourned the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. Ph. D., D.D., pastor of St. Joseph's until 12 o'clock meridian, Monday, April 22, SELDEN]. Church, Carrollton Manor, Md., and 1963. Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, April 14 professor of Latin American history, The message also announced that the marks the 73d a1'.lniversary of the West Marymount College, offered the follow Senate had passed bills of the following ern Hemisphere's regional organiza ing prayer: titles, in which the concurrence of the tion-which is now known as the Orga House is requested: nization of American States. Heavenly Father, author of life and From a small conference establishing of love, let the light of Thy countenance S. 1. An act to authorize the establish ment of a Youth Conservation Corps to pro a commercial bureau to distribute trade shine brightly upon the Speaker of this vide healthful outdoor training and employ information in 1890, the Organization of House and all the Members of the U.S. ment for young men and to advance the American States has broadened its func Congress. conservation, development, and management tions until today it is a vital agency of Impart, we beseech Thee, Thy choicest of natural resources and recreational areas; blessings to the Presidents of the Ameri and to authorize local area youth employ inter-American cooperation. can Republics, their legislatures and ju ment programs; In the beginning, the Organization's dicial bodies. S. 22. An act to release the right, title, or only guideline was the ideal of men like Grant to all peoples and governments interest, if any, of the United States in Simon Bolivar, who envisioned a united the graces necessary to uphold freedom, certain streets in the village of Heyburn, community of free nations in the New Idaho, and to repeal the reverter in patent World dedicated to peaceful pursuits and family ideals, religious principles, and !or public reserve; and genuine social progress. s. 386. An act to consolidate Vicksburg united against foreign aggression. In every hour of peril, grant that Thy National Military Park and to provide for The history of· the Organization of inspiration and the example of the certain adjustments necessitated by the American States has been one of con Founding Fathers of our beloved coun installation of a park tour road, and !or stant experiment and innovation. Oc try may strengthen us to endure the other purposes. casional setbacks, disputes, and clashes gravest hardships, rather than to aban of opinion have not altered the long don our friends and fellow Americans PAN AMERICAN DAY range view-Bolivar's ideal of "the most to a slavery that, if we fail to provide extraordinary and strongest--league-- vision, valor, and leadership, will be our The SPEAKER. Pursuant to House which has ever appeared on earth." own destiny. Resolution 300, this day has been desig:. Several generations of Aniericans In our devotion to these ideals, dear nated as Pan American Day. both north and south of the Rio Saviour, we implore new gifts of wisdom, The Chair recognizes the gentleman Grande-can be justifiably proud of the courage, resourcefulness, and imagina from Alabama [Mr. SELDEN]. progress made in the past 73 years by tion, characteristic of men and women Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I offer a this remarkable, unique regional orga of prayer. In this way, may we grow resolution and ask unanimous consent nization. To the patient men who strug in Thy friendship and in our love for one for its immediate consideration. gled toward a dream of hemispheric sol another. The Clerk read the resolution, as idarity and to the freedom of future We ask for these divine favors in the follows: generations, we owe a special duty to name of our most Holy Redeemer, the HOUSE RESOLUTION 316 preserv ~ the values of the American Re Christ of the Andes. Amen. Whereas April 14, 1963, will mark the sev publics as refiected in the OAS Charter. enty-third anniversary of the session of the As an instrument of multinational First Conference of American States, held in purpose, the OAS antedates both the THE JOURNAL our national capital, out of which has de veloped an inter-American system of free United Nations and NATO by many dec The Journal of the proceedings of Republics of this Hemisphere, our Organi ades. Today, however, the inter-Amer yesterday was read and approved. zation of American States; and ican system is threatened by the great Whereas the purpose of the Organization est challenge in its history. Its future of American States as set forth in its charter as an international agency depends on MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT are to achieve an order of peace and justice how it measures up to this challenge. in throughout the American Republics, pro A message writing from the Presi mote their solidarity, strengthen their col Today, we need only to look to the dent of the United States was communi laboration, and defend their sovereignty, heartlands of the Americas to see a Mos cated to the House by Mr. Ratchford, one their territorial integrity, and their inde cow-Peiping puppet regime, which is of his secretaries, who also informed the pendence; and conducting an extensive campaign of House that
"greatest not so much by virtue of. her system by. adopting a . charter .g~ving it market, and it has an established repu area and wealth as by her freedom and juridical form and structure. This tation for competence, efficiency, and glory," according to his since-:famous J!iJ. Charter of Bogota changed the name of sou~d operating principles. maica letter. the Union of American· Repubiic's to the The major event in pan-American an After liberating half of the . South Organization of .Anlerican States arid n~ls for the year 1961 was the adoption American Continent from the colonial designated the Pan American Union as pf the Charter of Punta del Este and rule of autocratic Spain, Bolivar· called its General Secretariat. The American the Declaration to the Peoples of for a Conference of the American Repub~ Declaration of the Rights and Duties of America on August 17. This event lies in. Panama City in the year 1826. Man, the first intergovernmental docu heralded the re.alization of President He hoped that the nations of the New ment of its kind in history, was adopted John F. Kennedy's proposal for an Al World would unite in a permanent asso by this Conference. The machinery was liance for Pr9gress in this hemisphere, ciation for their collective defense. thus erected for the evolution of pan inaugurating a new era for the inter However, this idea was advanced by Americanism into its next stage of coop ~erican community. in its efforts to the liberator before the nations were erative development. secure a better life, under freedom and reac}y for it, and the "Perpetual Union, That step took place in 1950, with the democracy, for present and future gen League, and Confederation" created by inauguration of the Organization of erations. Facing these formidable prob the poorly attended Panama Conference American States' Program of Technical lems has been a sobering task so far never materialized. Nevertheless, in Bo Cooperation. To raise the economic, perhaps some of us were ~>Verly hopeful livar's words, the Conference established social, and cultural standards of their for quick results for the Alliance. But "the plan of the first alliance that peoples, the members of the OAS under we have learned much in the first years marked the beginning of our relations took vital programs touching almost of this massive endeavor; and one of the with the. universe." every human need: the improvement of primary points driven home was reem The anniversary we call Pan American rural life, livestock, crops, and food sup phasized recently by the Clay Commit Day relates to the First International ply; public· health and sanitation; hous tee report, which stated: Conference of American States, called ing and city planning; and the training The Alliance for Progress is a long-term in 1889 by Secretary of State James of teachers and technicians in a score venture of extraordinary complexity and Blaine. Held in Washingtori;this Con of basic professions. After 12 years of scope, demanding a decade or more of sus ference created in 1890 the Internation_al operation this program constitutes one tained effort by an involved to attain truly of the most important chapters in the significant results; the Amedcan public Union of the American Republics and, as should cease to judge the Alliance on its initial concrete form, a central o:ffi9e pan-American story. whether it has accomplished in 2 years what called the Commercial B·ureau .of the . In July of 1956 the Presidents of the must take much longer. American Republics. . Thus, the early American Republics met in Panama City stages of . inter-American cooperation to commemorate the 130th anniversary The year 1962 was of tremendous were limited :to . trade and co_DlJ)Jercial of the Cong'ress of Panama and to honor significance in the annals of the inter national affairs of the Western relations. The _pan".".American Jdea w~ the man who had called it, Simon Boli to develop gradually and carefully over var. The once utopian dream of the Hemisphere. The January Conference the coming years. liberator was constantly evolving, and of the Foreign Ministers of the OAS at In 1910 the Commercial Bureau was a new chapter in inter-American unity Punta del Este was ably attended, at the renamed the Pan American Union, and was begun with the Declaration of Pan request of the President, by two Con its Washington headquarters building, ama, which calied for an intensive, ·co gressional observers-Senators WAYNE the "House of the Americas," was dedi operative effort to make human liberty MORSE and BOURKE HICKENLOOPER. cated at 17th and Constitution Avenue. and decent living conditions a reality Their report to the· Foreign Relations The Pan American Union is still with us for all the peoples of the Americas. The Committee of the Senate describes how today as the General Secretariat of the Government of Brazil responded in 1958 Secretary of State Rusk, by virtue of Organization of American States. · with a plan called Operation Pan Amer patient but arduous negotiating, secured · But the years from the turn of the ica, which laid the foundations for what sufficient · support among the 20 Re century until the initiation of the good a dynamic President of the United States publics to exclude the present Govern neighbor policy in 1933 were dark ones would come to formalize as the Alliance ment of Cuba from the activities of the from a standpoint of hemispheric sol for Progress 3 years later. Organization of American States and to idarity. There was no acceptance of the The pan-American concept, however, condemn it as incompatible with the U.S. self-appointed role as the police is much more idealistic and human in inter-American system. Senators MORSE man of the Western Hemisphere, and its scope than mere economic develop and HICKENLOOPER stated that this move the big ·stick and dollar diplomacy in ment efforts. In 1959 the Inter-Ameri proved that OAS was capable of effective terventions left scars of fear, mistrust, can Commission on Human Rights was action and was significant in the prec and resentment on our Latin American created by the fifth meeting of Consul edent that it set. neighbors which are still visible today. tation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, In addition to the exclusion of Cuba Fortunately, at the Montevideo Con which requested draft conventions on from the activities of the OAS, the re ference of 1933 we reversed our policies human rights and the exercise of rep maining 20 American Republic:::; agreed of the previous three decades and _resentative democracy. · to restrict trade to Cuba in a further pledged nonintervention, thus opening The year 1960 saw fulfilled yet another effort to isolate the Castro regime. the gates to the development of the good dream of the founders of the inter But October 1962, marked the passage neighbor policy of President Franklin D. .American system. . First called for in of not only the United States, but of all Roosevelt, which led to the close war 1890, the Inter-American Development our hemispheric neighbors, through the time cooperation between the United Bank was inaugurated on the 70th anni gravest crisis of the nuclear age. The States and its hemispheric trading versary of that first meeting. The Act direct confrontation of the Soviet Union partners to the· south. of Bogota, by which it was established, by the United States over the erection The Second World War, drawing our _set forth measures of social improve of offensive missile sites in Cuba brought peoples together as it did, led to the ment and economic development within the world to the edge of· an abyss. adoption of a system of collective secu the framework of Operation Pan ·Amer Every one of our partners in the Or rity against external aggression by the ica and laid the foundations for the Al ganization of American States joined in Western Hemisphere. This was em ~iance ·for Progress. This bank, run by declaring, under the Rio Treaty, the . bodied in the Inter-American Treaty of Americans for· Americans, has done a right of the United States to interdict Reciprocal Assistance, known as the Rio great deal in its first 2 years of opera the delivery of further offensive missiles Treaty of 1947. It was under the terms tions. Loans · have · been granted for to Cuba-and many joined this effort of this important pact that our neigh hoUsing, sanitation and irrigation proj physically, with naval or air forces, or bors supported our actions during the ects; agricultural and industrial devel the offering of the use of naval and air October crisis of 1962. · opment, educational projects, and many facilities. This unanimous stand by The Ninth· International Conference more vital areas of needed investment in the Western Hemisphere considerably of American States held"in Bogota, Co Central and South America. Its securi strengthened the hand of the United lombia, in"1948 marked a turning point ties and 'bond issues are being accepted States in its eventual diplomatic resolu in the evolution of the inter..:American very well on the international financial tion of that terrible crisis. 6366 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 11 Mr. Speaker. there is a greater aware for 1 ·minute and to revise and extend In the place of consistency, we have ness. on Pan American Day this year, my remarks. had zig-zagging. Instead of planning, of the crucial importance of aiding our The SPEAKER. Is there objection we have had improvisation. Rather Latin American neighbors to establlsh to the request of the gentleman from than determination and boldness, we political and social justice, than there New York? have had indecision and timidity. has been for many years. In the spirit There was no objection. Instead of steering a straight course, of the great men of the Americas-the Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, on this dictated by thoughtful policy decisions, Bolivars. the San Martins, the Jeffer day, when we recognize Pan American we have too often adopted a wait-and sons. the Roosevelts--we salute the Day. I feel it is important that we assess see attitude in dealing with Cuba. This Americas and join with all 1n this our situation in the Caribbean area. drifting indecisiveness led us to the brink hemisphere in the hope for equality and Cuba is clearly the No. 1 testing ground of disaster last October. We may well social justice. today in the great struggle between in be in the same situation again if we do The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ternational communism and the free not soon launch counterinitiatives of the request of the gentleman from world. This is not because of any fear our own. Alabama [Mr. SELDEN]? of invasion of the United States from A continued national debate over There was no objection. Cuba, but because the island represents Cuban policy-responsibly pursued-can The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report a nearby base for subversion and insur be healthy if it finally prods our Govern the resolution. gency throughout Latin America. ment to take a firm and determined The Clerk read as follows: The attempt by some people to play stand. For if there is any lesson that H. RES. 316 down the threat of Comrilunist Cuba to we should have learned from the missile Whereas April 14 marks the anniversary our security is both dangerous and fool crisis last year it was that when we take of the founding of the Pan American Union, ish. It is also unfortunate that some a strong stand against Communist ex from which the present Organization of have tried to label responsible critics of pansionism, the result is an easing of American States has evolved; our policies toward Cuba as warmongers tensions. Whereas the Organization of American States seeks to promote understanding and or destroyers of the spirit of bipartisan A clearly enunciated policy to rid the COfdiallty among the Republics of the West ship in foreign affairs. Western Hemisphere of Castroism, fol ern Hemisphere; The fact of the matter is that by plant lowed up by concrete acts to implement Whereas understanding and cordiality ing themselves so firmly in Cuba, the it, will show the Soviets we mean what among the American Republics is a founda Soviets have shown their ability-and we say. It will demonstrate that they tion for the peace and economic and social their daring-to set up camp in our own have nothing to gain by their belligerent progress of the Americas; backyard. To many people around the tactics. Whereas the Organization of American world, Cuba demonstrates that the So States is playing an important role 1n the The formulation of an effective policy success of the Alliance for Progress, in which viet Union has the power and gall to will not be easy. It must certainly the United States is banded together with establish a significant military, political, include the wholehearted cooperation \he other American Republics to create a. and economic base only 90 miles from of our friends in the Organization of better way of life for all the peoples of the our coast. American States and the North Atlantic hemisphere: Therefore be it Yet, in only one respect-the introduc Treaty Organization. By exploiting the Resolved, That on the seven·ty-third anni tion of long-range missiles and bombers island nature of Cuba, we can strangle versary of the founding of the Pan American Union the House of Representatives of the last fall-has the United States acted to communism there by economic rather United States extends to the legislative bodies block the Communists. In every other than military means. of each of the other Republics of the Western way since the disastrous Bay of Pigs in Formulate a decisive policy we must- Hemisphere its warm greetings and expresses vasion, we have done little more than and the sooner the better. Furthermore, a sincere hope for the continuance and in talk. our policy must have a sense of urgency. tensifi.cation of the cooperation of the As a result of our indecision, the Rus The longer we delay taking determined Americas in the Organization of American sians have in effect maintained the ini steps, the harder it will be to blunt the States and in other feasible ways. tiative in the Caribbean. They have Communist design to take over South The SPEAKER. The question is on even gained most credit in some coun America. the resolution. tries for pursuing a "course of modera History has shown time and time The resolution was agreed to. tion" when we forced them to withdraw again that the real peacemakers are not A motion to reconsider was laid on as a result of the missile crisis. those who try to compromise with un the table. The continued rule of Fidel Castro, scrupulous aggressors, but those who see the Communist puppet, in Cuba reduces danger in time and act resolutely to the prestige of the United States in the counteract it. Peace is something that GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND eyes of the world. It is obvious evi we. leading the free world, must win REMARKS dence that our Government lacks the through policies which prove to the Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask purpose to eliminate a Communist threat Soviets that they have nothing to gain unanimous consent that all Members in its own backyard. by hostility and that we intend to pro may have permission to extend their re Where, then, do we go from here? tect our freedoms at any cost. marks in the RECORD following the re There are no easy nor readymade solu The risks involved in a concerted ef marks that have been made on this tions. What we need is a change 1n fort to extinguish the fiame of com matter. attitude in certain quarters and imple munism in Cuba are admittedly great. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to mentation of a firm program to eradi But there will be even greater risks if the request of the gentleman from Ala cate communism from Cuba. we procrastinate further. bama [Mr. SELDEN]? First of all, there is need for a frank There was no objection. facing up by leaders in our Government Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I also ask to the grave threat to the security of the HOUSE RESOLUTION 314 unanimous consent that all Members free world posed by Communist domi Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask may have 5 legislative days in which to nation of Cuba. This threat cannot be unanimous consent to address the House extend their remarks in the RECORD on swept under the rug if we expect our for 1 minute and to revise and extend Pan American Day. allies to join us in effective actions to my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to squelch the Red menace in the Carib The SPEAKER. Is there objection the request of the gentleman from Ala .bean. to the request of the gentleman from bama? There is today a sort of "crisis of con Illinois? There was no objection. fidence" in the foreign policies of the There was no objection. United States, simply because we have Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, yester failed to articulate a consistent and firm day the distinguished chairman of the CUBA: WHERE DO WE GO FROM policy with regard to Cuba. We have Rules Committee, the gentleman from HERE? been flooded with bold words, but there Virginia CMr. SMITH], introduced House Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask is a drought of concrete action by our Resolution 314, which would have au unanimous consent to address the House Government. thorized three members of my subcom- .. 1963 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6367 mittee and two outstanding American today a bill designed to prevent. the un The gentleman from Michigan, Con scientists to visit the Soviet Union in or authorized trips to Castro's Cuba. gressman O'HARA; the gentleman from der to examine the All Union Institute The first stage of studies and investi Maryland, Congressman SICKLES; the on Scientttlc and Technical Information gations conducted by the Committee on gentleman from Pennsylvania, Congress at Moscow. . The trip is part of a program Un-American Activities has already pro man DENT; the gentleman from Califor our committee is carrying on to see vided evidence that such unauthorized nia, Congressman BROWN; the gentleman whether or not we can bring some sort of trips take place and that most of these from Hawaii, Congressman GILL; the correlation or coordination between the excursions are designed to establish con gentleman from California, Congress vast research· activities that are going tacts with Soviet and Cuban Communist man HAWKINS; the gentleman from Cali on in our Nation today at the universi activists, in order to obtain propaganda fornia, Congressman RoosEVELT; the ties throughout America. We are spend material in behalf of Castro and his gentleman from Minnesota, Congress ing millions and even billions of dollars regime. man BLATNIK; the gentleman from on this research, and it appears to me The bill would give the President of Rhode Island, Congressman FOGARTY; some effort must be made to develop a the United States authority to control the gentleman from Rhode Island, Con better system of inventorying this huge the travE.l abroad of U.S. citizens in time gressman ST GERMAIN; the gentleman research program. of war or national emergency. On that from Ohio, Congressman VANIK; ·the Our committee is holding hearings to point it appears important to stress that gentleman from Arizona, Congressman see if some program can be worked out to the United States is at this time still in UDALL; the gentleman from Delaware, coordinate those activities. It is our a state of national emergency proclaimed Congressman MACDOWELL; the gentle hope that we will be able to ultimately by President Truman in 1950 at the out man from New York, Congressman GIL have a more efficient manner of assem break of Korean hostilities. That proc BERT; the gentleman from Washington, bling, codifying, and retrieving all of this lamation has never been revoked by Congressman HANSON; the gentleman research material so that duplication either President Eisenhower or President from Pennsylvania, Congressman MooR can be kept to a minimum. I am certain Kennedy. HEAD; the gentleman from Michigan, that American taxpayers can be saved Mr. Speaker, there is obvious need for Congressman DIGGS; the gentleman from vast sums of money by reducing dupli diligent investigation and legislative ac Massachusetts, Congressman MACDON cation. More important, researchers tion based on the facts developed by such ALD; the gentleman from Michigan, can use their valuable time more eff ec investigation. What we know so far is Congressman DINGELL; the gentleman tively on new research if that work al that U.S. citizens do travel to Cuba with from New Jersey, Congressman RODINO; ready done is quickly made available to out legal authority and in order to con the gentleman from New Jersey, Con them. ceal their visits they obtain through the gressman DANIELS; the gentleman from The Soviet Union is the only nation in cooperation of Castro's consular agents New Jersey, Congressman JOELSON; the the world at this time that has a central Cuban visas not stamped in their U.S. gentleman from New Jersey, Congress institute where all research data is as passports or other travel documents but man MINISH; the gentleman from New sembled and made available to others simply issued on plain sheets of paper Jersey, Congressman PATTEN; the gen through the use of retrieval computers. which are disposed of after an entry to tleman from New York, Congressman It is our hope to personally examine this Cuba is made. This, of course, is done RYAN; the gentleman from West Vir operation ~o we can fully evaluate its for the purpose of avoiding any evidence ginia, Congressman HECHLER; the gen effectiveness. or indication that such trips to Cuba are tleman from New York, Congressman In view of the fact that neither one of being made. This is an urgent matter, DULSKI; the gentleman from Montana, the two minority members on the sub Mr. Speaker, and I hope that we may Congressman OLSEN; the gentleman committee are·able to make the trip dur have action on the bill soon. from Michigan, Congressman STAEBLER; ing the Easter recess, we have made a re the gentleman from Ohio, Congressman quest, and we have discussed this with ,ASHLEY; the gentleman from New York, the ranking minority member of the NATIONAL SERVICE CORPS Congressman STRATTON; the gentleman Committee on Education and Labor, also from Hawaii, Congressman MATSUNAGA; the minority leader, the Speaker of the Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. the gentleman from Arizona, Congress House, and the chairman of the Rules Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad man SENNER; the gentleman from Committee, that we temporarily post dress the House for 1 minute, to revise Tennessee, Congressman BAss; the gen pone final action on House Resolution and extend my remarks, and to include tleman from Iilinois, Congressman Lino 314 until such time as at least one of the extraneous matter. NATI; the gentleman from Florida, Con minority members can participate in the The SPEAKER. Is there objection gressman PEPPER. trip. I have been informed this can be to the request of the gentleman from APRIL 10, 1963. done sometime in May. New Jersey? THE PRESIDENT, Mr. Speaker, I do feel very_strongly There was no objection. The White House, Washington, D.C. that the minority should be represented Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: Enclosed herewith 1s on such a visit, and, therefore, I have Speaker, I have the honor today to intro a draft bill relating to the creation of a na requested that House Resolution 314 not duce on behalf of myself and 36 col tional service program which you indicated be called up at this time but seek a more leagues the President's National Service in your "Message on Our Nation's Youth" propitious time when both sides of the Corps legislation, known to some as the of February 14 would be submitted to the committee can make the trip. I have Domestic Peace Corps. Essentially, Mr. Congress shortly. been informed the delay will not inter Speaker, the wonderful objectives of this Our recommendation for a national serv fere with plans already initiated by the ice program is rooted in the paradox of legislation are to work with people who critical human need in the midst of general State Department for the visit. are in great need, to dramatize human prosperity. Unfortunate numbers of Amer needs, to motivate other Americans to icans live in substandard conditions--people serve, and to attract more Americans who despite efforts to help themselves or UNAUTHORIZED_TRIPS TO into the helping provisions. because they cannot help themselves, are CASTRO'S CUBA I shall include following these brief denied the essentials of a decent life in a remarks a communication to the Presi generally prosperous society. Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask These citizens who need help are found unanimous consent to address the House dent from the Attorney General and among residents of depressed ar·eas and for 1 minute and to revise and extend from the President to the Speaker, along rural. and urban slums, the mentally ill and my· remarks. with a section-by-section analysis of the mentally retarded, the elderly, dependent The SPEAKER. Is there objection bill. I commend it to the attention of children, those without sufficient education. to the request of the gentleman from our colleagues, and I believe that the They include American Indians, Cuban ref Louisiana? great majority will agree that this is in ugees, and migratory farm workers. deed a splendid and forward-looking Dedicated volunteers in unprecedented There was no objection. numbers work constantly in their own com Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Speaker, I wish to program which can help many Ameri munities to aicf these deprived people, and advise the House that our good friend cans to realize their needs. I have the they are doing an excellent job. But the the distinguished gentleman froin. Penn honor to have as my cosponsors the fol task they face is overwhelming and their sylvania [Mr. WALTER] has introduced lowing Members: human xesources are inadequate. Therefore, .. 6368 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-. HOUSE April 11 I am submitting to you a draft bill, entitled -lishment of a National Service Corps to Proj.ects may include projects designed to _the National Service Corps Act of 1963, strengthen community service progra:tQ.S in make corpsmen available for work with per which 1s designed to accomplish four goals: .the United States. This proposal .is an out sons in _institutions for the mentally ill and To work with people in great need: The growth of a study b.y a Cabinet-level com mentally retarded and during their return program would provide a.n opportunity for mittee under the chairmanship. of the to norm.al livJng; iIJ. meeting the l;l.ealth and full-time service. At the request of local Attorney General and composed. of the Sec education needs of migratory workers and agencies, institutions, or organizations, retaries of Agriculture, Interior, Commerce, their families, Indians living on and off res corpsmen will work with those Americans Labor, and Health, ·Education, and Welfare, ervations, and residents of depressed areas -in greatest need to help them help them the Administrators of the Housing and Home and rural and urban slums; in ca:re and .selves. Finance Agency and the Veterans' Adminis rehabilitation of the elderly, the .disabled, To dramatize human needs: Many Ameri tration, and the Chairman of the Civil Serv the delinquent young and dependent chil cans in greatest need are isolated-unseen ice Commission. dren; in improving standards of educational a.nd forgotten. By informing the Nation Poverty in the midst of plenty is a paradox opportunity; and in other projects directed pointedly and dramatically of their needs, a that must not go unchallenged in this coun toward critical human needs. To the extent national service program-while not solv try. Ours is the wealthiest of nations, yet possible, each project carried out under this ing all these problems-will help to expand one-sixth of our people live below minimal act shall provide for contributions by the the attack on the forces producing depriva levels of health, housing, food and educa cooperating agencies. tion in the United States. tion-in the slums of cities, in migratory Section 3(a) authori:z;es the President to Motivating other citizens to serve: Because labor camps, in economically depressed areas, carry out projects in furtherance of the pur projects will be planned, initiated, and su ·on Indian reservations. In addition, special poses stated in section 2 on such terms and pervised by the localities, and will include hardships are faced by our senior citizens, <)onditions as he may determine. This bill, local counterpart volunteers, the national dependent children, and the victims of men like the Peace Corps Act, provides for the service program will be a vehicle through tal illness, mental retardation and other dis granting of .all authority and the appropria -which communities can help themselves. abling misfortunes. tion of all funds to the President, with Corpsmen, working full time will, by their As I stated in my "Message on Our Nation's power to delegate any or au functions and example, motivate many more citizens to Youth" to the Congress on February 14, to allocate any or all funds as he sees fit. give part-time service in their own com recommending a National Service Corps, this (See secs. 4(b) and 7.(c) .) munities. legislation will provide for a carefully se Section 3(b) provides that before under Attracting more Americans into the help lected corps of men and women of all ages taking a project, the President shall assure ing professions: The experience of helping who are willing to serve and whose skills himself that it will not displace regular others will inspire many people to choose and knowledge can contribute in a most workers or duplicate or replace an existing careers in the service professions-social valuable and practical way to the ongoing service in the same locality. work, teaching, nursing-all of which suffer attack upon these problems of national con Section 3(c) authorizes an appropriation from critical shortages of trained personnei: cern. These men and women will be made to the President for the fiscal year com We envision a National Service Corps small available, upon local invitation and in co mencing July l, 1963, of not to exceed. $5 mil in numbers, modest in cost. A huge national operation with int.erested governmental and lion to carry out the purposes of the bill. program is neither practical nor consistent nongovernmental agencies, to serve for a section 4(a) authorizes the President to with American tradition. It is our recom limited time in projects directed toward the i:i,ppoint, by and with the advice and consent mendation that the program begin with 1,000 critical human needs of our countrymen. of the Senate, a Director of the National corpsmen the first year at an estimated cost The example of men and women rendering Service Corps. The President may fix the of $5 million, gradually expanding to a maxi full-time service within the corps should salary of this officer at a rate not. exceeding mum of 5,000 corpsmen in perhaps 3 years. motivate additional Americans to volunteer $20,000 per annum. This-section authorizes Through these corpsmen and the demon their services in their own communities. I the President to appoint a Deputy -Director stration projects to which they are assigned, am also enclosing a letter discussing the pro of the National Service Corps and to fix his the national service program will act as a posed legislation in greater detail which was salary at a rate not exceeding $19,500 per catalyst to promote greater citizen effort to sent to me by the Attorney General. Also annum. ward the elimination of critical human needs. enclosed is a section-by-section analysis of section 4(b) authorizes the President to We know that Americans have responded. the proposed legislation. exercise any functions vested in him by the to a call from their Government in a time Sincerely, bill through such agency or officer of the of war. Now we are confident they will re JOHN F. KENNEDY. Government as he shall direct. The head of spond to another great challenge from their any agency or any officer performing -func Government in time of peace. SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL tions under the bill delegated by the Presi This program will help to awaken Ameri SERVICE CORPS Bn.L AS SUBMITTED BY THE dent is authorized to promulgate rules and cans to the pockets of poverty and human EXECUTIVE BRANCH regulations and to delegate his functions misery. Americans have demonstrated The following is a section-by-section anal under the bill. This subsection is identical countless times their willingness to assist ysis of the executive branch proposed Na to section 4(b) of the Peace Corps Act. their less fortunate countrymen. tional Service Corps bill. The bill was pre Under the authority of this subsection it is In preparing this draft legislation, the pared. and submitted. to the Congress on the intended that the National Service Corps study group sought the advice of hundreds basis of the findings and recommendations of would be established by the President as a of organizations including those which would the President's study group on a national semiautonomous agency within the Depart be most concerned with a national service service program. The provisions of the bill ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, program. The program has received the en are patterned upon those of the Peace Corps with most of the operating functions dele thusiastic support of city and State govern Act with modifications to retlect the fact that gated. to the Director of the National Service ments, youth and senior citizens groups, farm the proposed program would operate in the Corps. and labor organizations, religious groups. United States rather than in foreign nations. Section 5(a) authorizes the President to Also, groups with which corpsmen would co The bill contains a proposed authorization enroll in the National Service Corps for serv operate have endorsed the formation of a of $5 million for the fiscal year 1964. ice in the United States, qualified citizens corps. Section 1 provides that the bill may .be and nationals of the United States, to be The study group feels that the National cited as the "National Service Corps Act." known as corpsmen. It is intended that the Service Corps Act would be a vital supple Section 2 states the purposes of the bill. terms anci conditions of the service of Na ment to the pending Youth Employment Act. These are to open new opportunities for tional Service Corps men be exclusively those Where youth employment is concerned with full-time service working with those Ameri stated in the bill and those consistent with finding constructive employment opportuni cans in greatest need; to illuminate those the bill which the President prescribes. Be ties for boys and girls 16 through 21 who lack needs, so as to expand the attack on depriva cause many of the statutory rules relating to adequate skills for today's labor market, the tion in the United States; to motivate many persons regularly employed in Government National Service Corps-with skilled and. more c~tizens . to volunteer th:eir services in agencies would be inappropriate or irrelevant carefully selected. men and women of all their own communities, thus encouraging to this new type of temporary volunteer serv ages-is aimed at stimulating volunteer c;ommunities to help themselves; and to in ice, this subsection, patterned after the Peace efforts in local communities to eipand the spire more people to choose professions that Corps Act, provides that corpsmen are not attack on deprivation in the United States. serve their fellow _citizens. to be deemed to be omcers or employees of Sincerely, . Th.ls section declares that Jt is the policy the United States for any purpose except as ROBERT F. KENNEDY. of the United States to carry out the pur provided in the bill. By providing that serv poses of this act through a National Service ice as a corpsman is not to be considered THE WHITE HOUSE, Corps, patterned after the Peace. Corps, Government employment; this subsection Washington, AprtI 10, 1963. which will be compc;>sed of carefully selected would, for example, permit retired Govern Hon. JOHN W. MCCORMACK, ' men and women of all ages who shall be ment personnel t.o serve as corpsmen and re Speaker of the House of Representatives, made available--upon local invitation and ceive the same benefits as other corpsmen Washington, D.C. in cooperation with interested governmental without loss of pension rights. DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I am transmitting here and nongovernmental agencieir-to serve for - Section 5(b) provides_that. w~enever the with for the_ consideratio~ of the Congress a . limited time in projects directed tow~rd President determines that it 1s in the na a legislative proposal to authorize the estab- the critical human needs of our countrymen. tional interest, he· may, under such terms 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6369 ~ and conditions as he may deem appropriate, insures that the injured corpsman, or his Section 5(1) authorizes the President to enroll qualified foreign nationals in the dependents iil. the case ot death, will not terminate the service of a corpsman at any Corps for service in the United States. It is receive double benefits, by providing that any ttme at his pleasure. intended that the authority granted in this p_ayment on account of· the same injury or Section 5(m) provides that upon enroll subsection would be sparingly used to permit death received from the entity to which the ment every corpsman shall take the follow t~e enrollme~t. for example, of CUba.n na corpsman was assigned shall be credited ing oath prescribed for persons appointed to tionals resident in the United States for against any benefits payable under the Fed any omce of honor or profit by section 1757 service on a project serving the needs of eral Employees• Compensation Act. of the Revised Statutes of the United States: Cuban refugees or of Mexican nations for Section 5(g) provides that corpsmen shall "I, AB, do solemnly swear (or atnrm) that service on a project serving the needs of mi be deemed to be employees of the United I will support and defend the Constitution grant workers and their families. States for purposes of the Internal Revenue of the United States against all enemies, for Section 5(c) is similar to the comparable Code of 1954 and of title n of the Social eign and domestic; that I will bear true faith subsection in the Peace Corps Act and pro Security Act, and any service performed by and allegiance to the same; that I take this vides that corpsmen shall be furnished with an individual as a corpsman shall be deemed obligation freely, without any mental reser such living, travel, and leave allowances for such purposes to be performed in the vation or purpose of evasion; and that I will and such housing, transportation, supplies, employ of the United States. It is intended well and faithfully discharge the duties of equipment, subsistence, and clothing as the that corpsmen would be treated equally with the omce on which I am about to enter. So President determines to be necessary for other persons not in the National Service help me God." their maintenance and to insure health and Corps, with respect to income and withhold Section 5(n) authorizes the President to effectiveness. It is intended that, as nearly ing taxes, social security taxes, and social provide training for applicants for enroll as practicable, the corpsmen will live on the security coverage. There are no provisions ment as corpsmen and for corpsmen following same level as their counterparts in the host in the bill comparable to sections 201 and enrollment. It is intended that actual en community. This subsection also authoriz.es 202 of the Peace Corps Act which amended rollment in the National Service Corps take the furnishing of transportation and travel the Internal Revenue Code and the Social place after the basic period of training and allowances to applicants for enrollment and Security Act to provide for exemptions from after final selection for service on a particu former corpsmen en route to or from places gross income for certain allowances, and for lar project. During training, however. ap of examinations, training, enrollment, and special "backpay" treatment of termination plicants for enrollment would be treated in termination. The authority with respect to or readjustment payments. all respects as corpsmen and would be sub applicants is included because persons will Section 5(h) is similar to the comparable ject to the same conditions of service as not be enrolled in the National Service Corps provision in the Peace Corps Act and au corpsmen, except that their training period until they are finally selected, following thorizes the President to make provision for would not be credited toward retirement or training, and actually report for service. health examinations and immunization of other benefits in other Federal services in Section 5(d) is similar to the comparable corpsmen preparatory to service and com which they may subsequently be employed. subsection in the Peace Corps Act and pro plete health care during service. Under (See sec. 17(c) .) vides for payment of an adjustment allow regulations prescribed by the President, such Section 5(o) provides that the number of ance to corpsmen at rates fixed by the Presi examinations, immunization, and care could corpsmen enrolled in the National Service (ient but not to exceed $75 for each month of be provided through available medical facili Corps shall not exceed 1,000 during the fis -_atisfactory service as determined by the ties of other agencies and in such cases the cal year commencing July 1, 1963, and shall P)'esldent. These payments would accumu agency operating the medical facility would not exceed 5,000 at any time thereafter, un late monthly but would normally not be be reimbursed from National Service Corps less otherwise authorized by the Congress. paid until the termination of service, as they appropriations. Where examination, immu Section 6 authorizes the President to em are intended primarily to assist corpsmen nization, or care were not furnished through ploy such personnel other than corpsmen as during the period of transition back to life at other Government facilities, other arrange the President deems necessary to carry out home. However, in order to enable the ments would be made either by the National the purposes and provisions of the bill. Such corpsman while in service to meet important Service Corps or, in the case of some proj personnel, unlike corpsmen, would be sub obligations, such as contribution to the edu ects administered through other agencies, by ject to the usual rules of Government em cation of other members of his family, pay the administering agency pursuant to agree ployment and to the provisions of the bill ment of life insurance premiums, or emer ment with the National Service Corps. applicable to employees. gency expenses, the President could permit Section 5(i) enables corpsmen to obtain Section 7(a) (1) is similar to section lO(a) a portion or all of the accrued amount of the credit for the period of their volunteer serv (1) of the Peace Corps Act, and authorizes adjustment allowance to be disbursed while ice for the purposes of retirement, and also the President, in furtherance of the purposes the corpsman was in service. generally for the purposes of seniority, reduc of the bill, to make contracts and agree Section 5(e) authorizes the designation of tion in force, leave accumulation or other ments and otherwise cooperate with agen corpsman leaders from among the corpsmen. rights and privileges based on length of cies of the U.S. Government or of any State Corpsman leaders would be persons, generally service, in the event they later became em or subdivision thereof, private nonprofit or senior to corpsmen in age and experience, ployed in any of the various Federal civilian ganizations, and other private organizations, who were required for supervisory or other employment systems. Under such condi individuals, and firms. special duties or responsibilities in the field. tions as the President might specify, exami Section 7(a) (2) authorizes the President All the provisions of the bill relating to nations and other prerequisites for admis to accept voluntary services and gifts of corpsmen would apply to corpsman leaders, sion to other Federal employment established money or property for the use of the National and the term "corpsmen" throughout the by laws administered by the Civil Service Service Corps in furtherance of the purposes bill includes "corpsman leaders." Commission could be waived for corpsmen of the bill. Thia provision is similar to one Section 6 ( f) provides that corpsmen shall contained in section lO(a) (3) of the Peace be treated as Government employees for the who had successfully completed volunteer purposes of the Federal Employees' Compen training. Corps Act. It makes clear the National sation Act, which provides for disability Section 5(j) authorizes the President to Service Corps' authority to accept gifts of compensation payments and medical care in detail or assign corpsmen or otherwise make money or equipment or to accept contribu the case of injury or disease arising out of them available to other agencies of the U.S. tions, for example, to establish training or Federal employment. For the purpose of Government or any State or subdivision operating fac111ties which might provide the fixing the level of disability benefits, which ls thereof, private nonprofit organizations, and framework for National Service Corps proj related to earnings, corpsmen would be other organizations, individuals and firms. ects. This subsection also authorizes the deemed to be receiving monthly pay at the Corpsmen so assigned or detailed would con President to dispose of such donated prop lowest rate provided for GS-7 in the execu tinue to be entitled to the benefits, allow erty in furtherance of the purposes of the tive branch. Under this provision, at present ances and privileges provided for corpsmen. bill. GS rates, a corpsman who became perma Section 5(k) provides that corpsmen shall Section 7(b) provides that a contract or nently and tOtally disabled would receive be deemed employees of the Government for agreement for services of corpsmen may $-per month. the purposes of the Federal Tort Claims Act obligate current fiscal year funds available As under the Peace Corps Act, where a and other simllar Federal claims statutes under the bill for a period of not more than corpsman suffered injury or illness while (such as the Suits in Admiralty Act) which 2 years, including funds for the purpose of located in the United States, the rules ap waive the Government's immunity from suit. paying or providing for the allowances and plied in similar cases by the Federal Em This means that the Government could ·be other benefits of corpsmen. Such contracts ployees' Compensation Board would de sued for damages for the negligent act or or agreements would be subject to termina termine whether the Ulness or injury arose omission or certain other wrongful conduct tion if Congress terminated the program. out of the corpsman's service. Although of a corpsman under circumstances where This subsection is based upon section lO(c) covered by the Federal Em.ployees' Compen the Government, if a private person, would of the Peace Corps Act which provided 3-year sation Act at all times, a corpsman be liable. Claims of this nature not in ex contract authority. would not begin to receive disability . pay cess of •2.500 could be settled administra Section 7(c) is similar to section lO(e) of ments and other benefits so long as he was tively under the Federal Tort Claims Act. the Peace Corps Act, with minor modifica in service, since he would be receiving living This subsection also provides that corpsmen tion. It permits funds available for the pur expenses and full medical ca:re during that shall be subject to provisions of the Hatch poses of the bill to be allocated t.o any Gov time and would continue t.o accrue his ad Act which limit the political activities of em ernment agency in connection with activities justment allowance. This subsection also ployees of the United States. under the bill. Funds so allocated could be 6370 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 11 spent in accordance with the authority of by the provisions of 40 United States Code fines the period of service of a corpsman so the bill or in accordance with authority gov 34, 40 United States Code 304c, and Reor as to include the training period prior to erning the activities of the agency to which ganization Plan No. 18 of 1950. Rental fundf! enrollment, except for the purpose of ac the funds were allocated.· · for Peace Corps activities have been includ cruing retirement or other credit in con Section 7(d) is the same as section lO(f) ed in the Peace Corps appropriations rather nection with subsequent Federal employ of the Peace Corps Act. It authori.Zes any than in General Services Administration ap ment. These definitions are substantially omcer of the Government carrying out func propriations. It ls intended to continue this the same as those in section 25 of the Peace tions under the b111 to utlllze the services practice for the National Service Corps. This Corps Act. and faclllties of other Government agencies would enable the National Service Corps to Section 17 is a standard separablllty to procure commodities from other Govern rent recruitment or training fac111tles out provision. ment agencies. side of Washington. This paragraph also Section 18 provides that the bill's effective Section 7(e) is the same as section lO(g) permits expenditures for repairs, alterations, date shall be the date of its enactment. of the Peace Corps Act. It sets forth the and improvements to leased properties in manner in which reimbursement or payment, excess of 25 percent of the first year's rent, Mr.RYANofNewYork. Mr. Speaker, when required, is to be made to another the ceiling imposed by 40 United States Code I ask unanimous consent to address the agency furnishing facilities, services, or com 278a. House for 1 minute and to revise and modities to carry out the bill. (2) expenses of printing and binding with extend my remarks. Section S(a) is substantially identical to out regard to the provisions of section 11 of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to section 12(a) of the Peace Corps Act. It au the act of March l, 1919 (44 U.S.C 111). the request of the gentleman from New thorizes the President to appoint persons to This provision, similar to that contained membership on a National Service Corps Ad in section 15(a) of the Peace Corps Act, York? visory Council to advise and consult with would be ut111zed sparingly as necessary to There was no objection. him with regard to general policies and pro meet the needs of the National Service Corps Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speaker, grams designed to further the purposes of for recruiting materials and for printed mat I am happy to join my distinguished col the bill. The members of this Council are ter in a time schedule which cannot be met league from New Jersey [Mr. THOMPSON] to be broadly representative of various pub under existing regulations. in sponsoring the legislation which Presi,. lic and private organizations and groups as (3) expenses in connection with meetings dent Kennedy today has transmitted to well as individuals interested in the pro concerned with the purposes of the bill, Congress to establish a National Serv grams and objectives of the National Service including meetings of experts or consultants Corps. appointed under section 13(a). This para ice Corps. Section B(b) provides that members of graph has been included, as in section Mr. Speaker, our Nation faces critical the Council shall serve at the pleasure of 15(d) (2) of the Peace Corps Act, in view of human needs-needs which are often the President and meet at his call. It fur the provisions of 81 United States Code 551 overshadowed by our concern with for ther provides that members who are not and 31 United States Code 678. eign affairs and obscured by the fact employees of the Government may receive (4) expenses of preparing, transporting that ours is the most prosperous Nation - out of funds available for purposes of the and disposing of remains of corpsme~ dying in the world. Poverty is a way of life for bill compensation not exceeding $75 for each while away from their homes participating a large segment of our population. day, not to exceed 20 days in any fiscal year, in activities under the bill. This is similar spent away from their homes or regular to the provisions of section 15(d) (10) of the President Kennedy has put the chal places of business in connection with meet Peace Corps Act and to authority presently lenge, "Poverty in the midst of abun ings or conferences of the Council, and while available for employees of the Government dance is a paradox that must not go un so engaged may receive travel expenses and and their dependents under 5 United States challenged." The skills, talents, and per diem in lieu of subsistence as authorized Code 103a. leisure of Americans of all ages could be by law (5 U.S.C. 73b-2). This provision ls Section 11 requires the President to trans utilized in renewed attacks upon unmet similar to section 12(b) of the Peace Corps mit reports to Congress on operations under needs. Act. the bill at least once in each fiscal year. Section 9 (a) ls similar to section 13 of · Section 12 provides that all persons em President Kennedy's proposed national the Peace Corps Act. It authorizes the em ployed or assigned to duties under the bill service program is designed to awaken ployment of experts and consultants and or and all corpsmen enrolled in the National every citizen to our human problems and · ganizations thereof in accordance with 5 Service Corps shall be investigated to insure to stir an individual sense of responsibil U.S.C. 55a, with compensation at rates not that the employment, assignment, or en ity for the public welfare. The program exceeding $75 per diem plus travel expenses rollment is consistent with the national in can do this in two ways. and per diem in lieu of subsistence as au terest in accordance with standards and First, the legislation would provide a thorized by law (5 U.S.C. 73b-2). The pro procedures established by the President. viso at the end of this subsection authorizes Under this provision, the security investi small national service corps of skilled annual renewal of all contracts under this gations of all persons employed by the Na men and women, embodying a totally new subsection. tional Service Corps and all corpsmen would concept of voluntaryism: a year of full- _ Section 9(b) exempts experts and con be governed by the provisions of Executive time service work with people in great . sultants appointed under section 9(a) from Order 10450, as amended. Corpsmen would need-in mental hospitals, in urban Federal conflict-of-interest laws except in receive the same security investigation now slums, and underdeveloped rural areas, sofar as they prohibit any individual from conducted of all persons who are candidates in migrant labor camps, on Indian reser- receiving compensation from nongovern for a "nonsensitive" position with the U.S. vations-at local invitation. · mental sources with respect to any particu Government. lar matter in which he was directly involved Section 13 authorizes the President to Second, and most important, the work in the performance of his Government serv adopt a seal or emblem for the National of these corpsmen, by focusing immedi ice. Exemption ls also provided from laws Service Corps. ate attention on problem areas, will governing reemployment of retired omcers or Section 14 is the same as section 20 of stimulate many more Americans to join employees and simultaneous receipt of com the Peace Corps Act. It amends the student volqnteer programs attacking problems pensation and retired pay or annuities. The loan provisions of the National Defense Edu in their own communities. same exemptions are provided for members cation Act of 1958 to suspend principal and Thus, the goal is a great citizen re (ex~pt regular Government employees) of interest payments on such loans for student sponse to needs a.t the community level, the Council referred to in section 8.' These borrowers during the period of their Na exemptions are the same as those provided in tional Service Corps service, as is now pro through public arid private agency pro section 13(b) of the Peace Corps Act for ex vided with respect to borrowers in military grams. The National Service Corps perts and consultants and members of the service. Because of possible constitutional would trigger this response, which would Peace Corps National Advisory Board. objections to this amendment if applied benefit existing volunteer programs Section 10 provides express authority for mandatorily to loans outstanding on the throughout the country. a number of specific kinds of expenditures. date of enactment of the bill; a proviso has For example, there is an urgent need Most of these provisions are designed to been added which would apply the amend for volunteers to help young people who provide the express authority to make specific ments to loans outstanding on that date uses of appropriated funds which ls (or ap only with the consent of the lender. fail in school or quit before graduation pears to be) required by various statutes Section 15 is the same as section 21 of because of lack of help and guidance. and Comptroller General rulings, or to over the Peace Corps Act. It contains a technical School failure and school dropouts come or modify certain Government-wide amendment to the Civil Service Retirement represent a tremendous challenge to the restrictions which would inhibit effective Act to assure that a corpsman who later be future vitality of our Nation, yet there and eftlcient National Service Corps opera came o. participant in the civil service re are simply not enough professional tions. Each of these authorities ls provided tirement system would not receive both with respect to the Peace Corps program by annuity payments under that system and teachers to give badly needed personal section 15 of the Peace Corps Act. Specif social security benefits based upon his pe attention to these young people. The ically, this subsection authorizes: riod of volunteer service. New York City Board of Education sug (1) payment of rents in the United States, Section 16 defines various terms used 1n gests that an auxiliary worker-a corps for which express authorization ls required the bill. In particular, subsection (d) de- man or a local part-time volunteer- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 6371 serving as an aid to the professional The national service program is an world where so much of nature's beauty teacher, could help close the gap. The effective way to expand existing volun can be preserved by setting aside so little. roles of these aids would be as varied as teer programs on the local level. Let us The bills introduced in the 87th Con the reasons for school failure. consider it as a spark which will kindle gress gave the proposed park area the One of the most serious disadvantages community concern and reflect Ameri classification of a monument within the of many children entering school from can idealism at home as the Peace Corps national park system. Approximately 16 deprived home backgrounds is limited does overseas. percent of the land was already in State verbal skill. The child has not been or Federal ownership. The area had 117 exposed to the varieties of spoken expres miles on the Current, 39 miles on the sion that most children hear in their TO ESTABLISH THE OZARK NA Jacks Fork, and 34 miles on the Eleven homes. Thus, he may fall behind and TIONAL RIVERS AREA Point, in Oregon County. No land was never catch up in the basic skills of read Mr. !CHORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask to be taken within 2 miles of the city ing and writing. With professional guid unanimous consent to address the House limits of Van Buren, Doniphan, and ance, corpsmen would organize speech for 1 minute and to revise and extend Eminence, which was for the purpose of clinics and other group activities to im my remarks. leaving room for future growth of those prove the verbal ability of these children. The SPEAKER. Is there objection towns. Another often neglected group of chil to the request of the gentleman from The boundaries of the proposed park dren are those with better than average Missouri? are located in an underdeveloped section IQ's who do poorly in school because of There was no objection. of the Ozarks. Forty percent of the emotional difficulties caused by problems Mr. !CHORD. Mr. Speaker, the Sen farmers in the region have an income of in their home life. Often well behaved ate Committee on Interior and Insular less than $1,000 per annum, and it is an in school, these children quietly drop out Affairs and the House Committee on In area of diminishing papulation. The before graduation. Under professional terior and Insular A:ff airs held hearings population today is only 70 percent of guidance, a corpsman would work with this week on S. 16 and H.R. 1803, and what it was 50 years ago. Employment . 20 to 30 such students on an individual H.R. 2884. These bills are identical. S. opportunities are very meager and there basis. He would serve as a combination 16 has been introduced by the Honorable are relatively few people of working age caseworker, friend, and counselor, trying Senators STUART SYMINGTON and EDWARD in the area. Certainly, something needs to help the children solve-or at least V. LONG of Missouri. H.R. 1803 has been to be done to improve the economy of the learn to live with-their home problems. introduced by me and H.R. 2884 has been area and all studies have shown that He would tutor them after school and introduced by my colleague, the Honor establishment of the proposed park will generally serve as a guide throughout the able FRANK KARSTEN, Member of Congress increase the economic opportunities of critical period when they might ordi from the First District of Missouri. The the region. narily quit school. PUrPose of the legislation is to establish Even though the area did consist of The New York City Board of Educa the Ozark National Rivers Area to be ad 113,000 acres of land and running along tion proposal also calls for the corpsmen ministered by the Secretary of the In 190 miles of the three rivers, there was to help develop new school community terior under the objectives of the 1916 a surprisingly small number of people programs for local volunteers. These act establishing the National Park Serv living full time in the area. But these new programs would be cosponsored by ice for the purpose of preserving and people do present a difficult problem. local community organizations. interpreting the unique qualities of the Many of the families have lived for gen Thus, a National Service Corps could area while allowing its use. erations in the area, and it is a pretty pave the way for increased citizen in The preservation and development of harsh procedure to compel them to leave volvement in this :field and others by the Current, Eleven Point, and Jacks the area in the interest of preservation. showing where there is a need and by Fork Rivers in Missouri is something that There are many values other than mone pointing out how local part-time vol has been under discussion and study for tary which they attach to the land. To unteers can give useful service. many years. I :first became interested in alleviate the difficulties of the residents the proposal while serving in the Missouri we wrote into the bill a provision per Mr. Speaker, the problem of narcotic House, when the house in 1956 appro addiction is one of the most serious mitting the owners to reserve a life priated funds to match Federal funds for estate. That is, the Government could problems in the country. At last we are the PUrPOse of making a study of the beginning to deal with it as an illness. only purchase the remainder-the in area. Later, when I was speaker of the terest after the life of the owner and his In my congressional district the New Missouri House of Representatives, I York City Department of Health is ex or her spouse. There are also other pro made a trip to Washington in behalf of visions in the bill designed to protect the perimenting with clinics which provide the proposal. psychiatric help and guidance and vo interest of the landowner. During recent years a great deal of at When I began the Ozark Rivers cational counseling for narcotic addicts. tention has been devoted to the need for This is an imaginative approach which project, my primary consideration was setting aside in public ownership the un improving the economy of the area; has been developed in cooperation with spoiled portions of our rivers, lakes, and local civic and political groups which rather than preservation. However, to ocean shorelines. The need becomes day I am just as strongly motivated by comprise the West Side Narcotics Coun more apparent each year as our popula cil. I have worked closely with those the need of preservation. Many people tion increases. The Current and Jacks not being familiar with the area have involved in this effort in presenting the Fork Rivers country in my district in program to the mayor and board of southern Missouri represents a striking written me asking why we do not leave estimate. opportunity for preservation in the in the area as it is. Why change? These National Service Corps volunteers terest of not only the Midwest, but the people fail to realize that to keep the could play a major role in expanding entire Nation-dear, cold, beautiful, area as it is without governmental ac this program. I strongly recommend spring-fed streams, but not assured of re tion is impossible. The beauty of the that the proposed National Service Corps maining in that state unless something is area has begun to erode; and the ero develop a project to work with narcotic done. sion will continue at a more rapid pace clinics to provide aftercare and reha Located within the proposed park area in the years ahead. Today most of the bilitation services for addicts. are some of the largest springs in the land along the rivers is owned by non Mr. Speaker, if our Nation is to con world. Big Spring, at Van Buren, has residents, and it has become increasingly tinue as a beacon of hope and inspira :flowed as much as 840 million gallons a difficult for the public and even resi tion to the rest of the world, we must day and it has averaged over the last 20 dents of the area to gain access to the use our full resources to meet the unfilled years better than 250 million gallons a river. needs of millions of our fell ow Americans day. The area has six springs which Further provisions of the original bill who live in ignorance, poverty, and dis flow more than 65 million gallons a day provided for the U.S. Government to ease. I believe that thousands of ded each. Within the area close to the make payments to the county in lieu of icated volunteers will come forward to rivers are 13 named caves, 11 interesting taxes in order to compensate the coun help millions of our underprivileged cit geological sites, 40 archeological sites, a ties for tax losses due to land being izens achieve better health, education, number of splendid ecological sites and taken off the tax rolls prior to the op and opportunity for a decent life. many sinks. There are few places in the eration and buildup of the park: 6372 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 11 It further provided that hunting and congratulations and good wishes to all I would say to my friends that the fishing in the park would be permitted in the peoples and all the free nations of Democrats a.re going home to listen. accordance with the laws of Missouri. Africa. Sincerely do we wish them well We are going home to talk to our peo several people have asked why we desig in meeting the problems of new nations; ple and to listen to them and to do the nated the park as the Ozark Rivers Na problems that are never easy and that things that we have always done. That tional Monument indicating that the challenge the utmost in effort, in hard which is inspired by our constituents word ''monument" is not very descriptive work, and in dedication. Those were back in the district. But I am afraid of the area. They were correct. The the problems faced by our own Nation some of my Republican friends are going only reason we designated the area as a when we broke from colonialism years on this trip because they do not want to monument was because hunting was ago and started on the task of building go home. They do not want to have to frowned upon in national park areas and a nation that now has become the lead explain the vote that they cast yesterday nearly everyone agreed that hunting er and the bulwark of the world of on the bill which was designed to stimu should be permitted in this area. The freedom. late our economy and bring progress to Missouri Conservation Commission As the chairman of the Subcommittee the country. Some of the city and which has 15,000 acres of land in the on Africa I have followed closely the county officials and people who are the area felt very strongly that hunting developments in that continent. I have recipients of that program may want should be permitted. Then, too, monu had the privilege and the pleasure of them to explain their reasons for that ments in the National Park System are acquaintance with many of the leaders vote yesterday, against the public works usually employed in areas with one out in many countries in Africa. I have appropriation. standing feature. In the Ozark Rivers been heartened and my faith in the area we have several thousand acres and future has been strengthened by the many attractive features. The name marvelous progress that has been made. FATHER JOSEPH F. THORNING definitely was not appropriate. . H.R. To all the new emerging nations of Mr. OSTERTAG. Mr. Speaker, I ask 1803 and S. 16 di1fer from the bills in Africa, to all the African nations on the unanimous consent to address the House troduced in the 87th Congress in only threshold of independence, to all the for 1 minute and to revise and extend three respects. people of Africa do I extend warmest my remarks. First. The name is changed from the good wishes. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Ozark Rivers National Monument to We are in a changing world. We are the request of the gentleman from New Ozark National Rivers. This is a change in a world in which peoples everyWhere York? in name only. The area will still be ad are looking for freedom from poverty, There was no objection. ministered by the National Park Service. from disease, from the handicap of Mr. OSTERTAG. Mr. Speaker, I rise Second. All the area in Howell, Ore ignorance. We are looking forward to to pay tribute to a great American who gon, and Ripley Counties is omitted. a rebuilt world in which there will be today offered the prayer in the House The Eleven Point River is not included the blessing of permanent peace because of Representatives on the anniversary in the bill due to objections from people there will be no causes to incite nations of Pan American Day. I am referring in Oregon County. to the destructive tragedy of war. to Father Joseph F. Thorning, of Car Third. The National Park Service is We are building to a tomorrow in rollton Manor, in the heart of Maryland. given the explicit power to negotiate the which men everyWhere will enjoy Farther Thorning, as you know, is the purchase of scenic easements. This is dignity. Communism is certain to fail pastor of St. Joseph's Church there. I new authority given the National Park because in communism is a denial of would like to remind the House that Sel'vice. However, this is authority to human dignity. Nowhere is that rec Father Thorning has offered the prayer negotiate and purchase alone. The Park ognized more thoroughly than in Africa. here in the House of Representatives on Service is not given the power to con As the new emerging nations of Africa this day ever since the year 1944, for demn a scenic easement. in increasing numbers take their places 19 consecutive years. H.R. 1803, H.R. 2884, and S. 16, Mr. among the sovereign nations of the He is a great American and he has Speaker, represent an outstanding op world, some of them destined to great done much in the Latin American area portunity to set aside in public owner ness because of the character of their in the cause of freedom, liberty, and the ship one of the most beautiful areas in people and their potential wealth, I am pursuit of happiness. the United States. I sincerely hope the confident they will be strong forces for I hope, and I know we all hope, that Congress will act favorably upon the leg freedom in the world of the tomorrow. we will be privileged to have him here islation during this session of Congress. Again, my congratulations and good to offer the prayer in the House of Rep wishes. resentatives for many years to come on AFRICAN FREEDOM DAY the anniversary of Pan American Day. THE "PAUL REVERE RIDERS" Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the Mr. BASS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan PORK OR PRINCIPLE House for 1 minute and to revise and imous consent to address the House for Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask extend my remarks. 1 minute and to revise and extend my unanimous consent to address the House The SPEAKER. Is there objection remarks. for 1 minute and to revise and extend to the request of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Is there objection my remarks. Illinois? to the request of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Is there objection There was no objection. Tennessee? to the request of the gentleman from Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, There was no objection. Missouri? 2 years ago on April 15 the President of Mr. BASS. Mr. Speaker, I noticed in There was no objection. the United States joined in the observ the morning press that the opposition Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I was ance of African Free.dom Day in the party is going to send out a task force rather amazed to hear the gentleman ceremonies in Washington. The occa over the country during the Easter recess from Tennessee CMr. BASS] take the floor sion was the third anniversary of a which they claim will act as informers. to gloat over the vote yesterday. The gathering of representatives of the then Mr. Speaker, I was rather surprised tree African states, eight in number, at that they would name this group "The vote was very clearly one on a question which was adopted a resolution that Paul Revere Riders" because in my of pork or principle. Every Congress spoke the spirit of independence and opinion if Paul Revere were alive today man in the House had something in his of amity among the nations and the he would be a Democrat. He was a man district involved in that bill, in all prob peoples of the continent of Africa in of vision and courage and a man who ability; indeed, I did. And I shall go working out their destiny in a world of was working in the interest of freedom back to my people and tell them that freedom. and progress for the great American peo the national interests are such that they The fifth anniversary of Af..-ican Free ple. It might be, however, that they transcend what might be the provincial dom Day will fall on April 15, when the have named this group "The Paul Revere interests of my community, because we House will not be in session. I am happy Riders" in order to date the .type of in have a serious problem of balance of to take this opportunity, before we ad formation and education which they will payments, of gold fiow, of deficit financ journ for the Easter recess, 6f extending try to portray on this futile tour. ing. ·The vote yesterday was one in 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--. HOUSE 6373
which a Member had to make up his control of the dairy i~dustry. The deal as for 1 minute, to revise and extend my mind whether the provincial interest explained in the. Springfield paper would remarks, and to include extraneous practically ruin me and others around here matter. · in his district. ought to prevail over the for we milk m the spring and summer off the national interest. grass. A monthly quota system would sim The· SPEAKER. Is there objection Let anyone on the Democratic .side ply mean to give most of it away. Cows to the request of the gentleman from deny that it was not placed on that kind milk after they freshen and if they are Texas? of a low level by this ·administration. geared to calve in the spring it ·1s time and There was no objection. Each one of us was contacted and in production consuming · to change them to Mr. suit · the shims and fancies of politicians. Mr. FOREMAN. Speaker, in re one way or another appealed to in his Tell the boys they milk much· cheaper from sponse to some of the spending activity local interest and. the desire of a Con grass than even from Government grain. I that has taken place on the floor of this gressman to get reelected, on the as milk cows, raise hogs, beef, corn, and hay. House this week, and partially in re sumption that if he voted for a project If my farm is state controlled and I don't sponse to a question posed to me by some in his district, whether it was justified have the freedom to run it as I choose, do I of my colleagues on the other side of the or not or whether it was in context with really own it? If I don't own it what is the aisle, including the remarks of the gen difference between this and Russia? tleman from Tennessee, I am prompted the national interest, that it would help Now I realize that to simply be against him. something is not enough. We must find to make a brief reply. I am hopeful that when my Demo some constructive answers to the dairy prob Being new in this body, I was some cratic colleagues go back home they will lem, if there is a problem. Perhaps some what surprised this week at the number find that the people have a better un..: thing that could be seen about in Washing of times I heard the statements: derstanding of the importance of the ton would be the finding of some other "This program won't cost us a dime." national interest and are willing to put medium besides milk to test the amount of fallout. This has hurt milk sales no doubt. "This program will actually save us aside what might be to their niomeritary Then about the world trade deal_:_! don't money." advantage in some of these ill-conceived understand that Dr. Hall and I don't think "Don't you want to do something for projects and in the case of worthy proj anyone else around ~ere does; perhaps you the people?" ects defer them until our revenues re should enlighten us as well as Mr. Kennedy It was amazing also, that almost every veal we can afford them. is going to do. program presented was the best pro- I've got three boys, 7, 5, and 1; sure would gram ever offered. · hate to see politics and schooling get mixed GOVERNMENT CONTROLS up together. We don't need any Federal aid Now,~ do not know about other parts in Jenkins. I've said enough, just wanted of the United States, but I do know about Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, I ·ask unan you to know that we, the people, are still west T.exas and, frankly speaking, Mr. irilous consent to address the House for interest~d in our country, and are behind Speaker, we supposedly saved so much 1 minute and to revise and extend my you 100 percent. money this past week in appropriating remarks. new funds to help aid depressed areas The SPEAKER. Is there objection that I am concerned that west Texas to. the request of the gentleman from DR. JOSEPH F . . THORNING received such a savings that we could Iowa? · · · Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask also, very possibly, become a depressed There was no objection. . area if such savings programs are con Mr. KYL. ' Mr: Speaker, in the month unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend tinued. I am glad we will not be saving of May, farmers who .. grow wheat will mon~y this next week during the Easter vote· to determine what type of Govern-, my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection recess like-we did last week. · ment program shall rule· their destiny. In answer to some of my free-spending. That destiny is ·more than economic. to the request of the gentleman from Maryland? colleagues, yes, I do want to do some The decision's import will touch every thing for the people. I want to grant American citizen. There was no objection. Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. Speaker, I should them a little relief from their continually To put this matter in perspective, the growing tax burden. I want them to gentleman from Iowa would ask these like to associate myself with the remarks made by the distinguished gentleman have the freedom to make their own de questions: cisions and spend their own money in If the U.S. Government can, through from New York with reference to the "Padre of the Americas," who offered the stead of some Federal bureaucrat doing a compulsory program, determine what it for them. a farmer will plant, and how much he prayer here today. I certainly echo his can plant, that same Government has sentiments in hoping that Dr. Thorning For some strange reason, I find the the same fundamental authority to tell can be here on Pan American Day for folks in my di3trict of west Texas are a newspaper what to print and how much many years in the future. sick and tired and· fed up with the sort to print-to tell a preacher what to Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the of savings programs we have been en preach or a teacher what to teach. Can gentleman yield? acting this past week. The folks back that statement be refuted? Is there Mr. MATHIAS. I yield to the gentle home, in west Texas at least, are looking some philosophic or legal conception man from Oklahoma. for a Government "hand out"-they want which sets agticwture apart from other Mr. ALBERT. . I am delighted that the Government's hand out of their considerations-which places -farmers Members are taking time for this pur pockets. under a different set of privileges· or re- pose today, and I associate myself with Some have posed the question, in re straints? · the gentleman's remarks. sponse to my reasoning and statements, And in the final analysis, does it make Mr. MATHIAS. I would also like to "What kind of a nut is he?" The answer a particle of difference whether the comment on the remarks of the gentle is best given by my hometown daily, the farmer voted for the loss of freedom will man from Tennessee, with whom I often Odessa American, as follows: ingly, or under duress, or because of mis agree. I do rio~ know, however, how he WHAT KIND OF A "NUT" Is HE? leading or misunderstanding? can determine that Paul Revere was a He wants to run his own business. Is there yet one among us, Mr. Speak member of either of o~r parties, because He wants to select his own doctor. er, who can relate the history of any I believe Paul Revere had all the quali He wants to make his own bargains. nation which traded some of its freedom He wants to buy his own insurance. ties of patriotism that all Americans · He wants to select his own reading matter. for security, and ever retained either? would want to emulate today. I have to " l{e wants to provide for his own old age. . This is proper season, Mr. Speaker, to admit there is an aflinity that is recog He wants to make his own contracts. note that "man cannot . live by bread Iiizable and timely. Certainly Paul Re He wants to select his own charities. alone," even if the bread is made from $2 He wants 'to educate his children as he wheat. vere was a man who had an ambition to wishes: Apropos of the previous comment is manage the news. He wants to make his own investments. the fallowing letter which was received He wants to select his own friends. He wants to provide his own recreation. by the Honorable DuRWARD HALL, Repre FEDERAL SPENDING He wants to compete freely in the market- sentative from the State of Missouri: place . DEAR MR. HALL: I understand that Free . Mr. FOREMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask He wants to grow by his own ~fforts. _ . man and Kennedy contemplate the complete unanimous consent to address the House He wants to profit from his own errors. .6374 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 11 He wants to take part in the competition and Foreign Commerce and ordered to disturbing signs of stepped-up Soviet activ of ideas. be printed with illustrations: ity to topple the chain of islands which form He wants to be a man of good will. the eastern shore of the Caribbean, the Medi What kind of a nut is he? He's an Amer To the Congress of the United States: terranean of the New World. ican who understands and believes in the In compliance with the provisions of Mr. CRAMER predicts fiatly that Haiti will Declaration of Independence, that's what section 10(b)4 of the Railroad Retire fall within 3 or 4 months unless the United kind. States takes emergency action. This won't ment Act, approved June 24, 1937, and of be news to Herald readers who have followed Aren't you glad you are too? And don't section 120) of the Railroad Unemploy you wonder why so many of our fellow on-the-scene reports of impending disaster Americans a.re trying so hard to destroy the ment Insurance Act, approved June 25, in Haiti, which shares the island of Hispan kind of life thaii has made us the aim and 1938, I transmit herewith for the 1nfor iola with the Dominican Republic. the envy of every other people on earth? mation of the Congress, the report of the All that separates Haiti from Communist The question is: What kind of nuts are Railroad Retirement Board for the fiscal Cuba is the deep and narrow Windward Pas year ended June 30, 1962. sage, a major world sealane. The two they? countries are literally within sight of each JOHN F. KENNEDY. other, and many Haitians work in Cuban THE WHITE HOUSE, April 11, 1963. sugarfields. NUCLEAR SUBMARINE-THE Mr. CRAMER attributes his information to "THRESHER" "sources which I consider completely re COMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF liable." They tell him there are Russians Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, I ask COLUMBIA "as many as 1 Russian to every 10 natives" unanimous consent to address the House Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask in. major cities of such key islands as Trini for 1 minute and to revise and extend dad, Barbados, and Curacao. my remarks. unanimous consent that the Committee ·The reliabillty of Mr. CRAlt4ER's sources may The SPEAKER. Is there objection to on the District of Columbia have until be appraised by his recent reports of travel the request of the gentleman from New midnight Saturday, April 13, to file cer to Cuba from Mexico. He got his facts tain reports. from the manifests of Cubana Airlines York? The SPEAKER. Without objection, it planes. They showed 3,447 trips to Cuba There was no objection. is so ordered. by this route in a 6-month period last year. Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, as we ap There was no objection. Nearly half the travelers were from 17 Latin proach this Easter season, this being American countries. There were 265 from Holy Thursday, tomorrow Good Friday, Russia and its satellites. Ninety-nine citi and on Sunday our Lord rises from the HEED WARNINGS ABOUT REDS IN zens of the United States made the journey in defiance of a U.S. ban. dead and is resurrected, I am impelled THE CARIBBEAN No one has challenged the accuracy of to say a word about the 129 young Amer Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. CRAMER'S figures on the comings and go icans whose bodies probably are en unanimous consent to extend my re ings between Mexico City and Cuba. No tombed at the bottom of the North At marks at this point in the RECORD. one in official position has done anything lantic in our great attack submarine, the The SPEAKER. Is there objection about it, either. Thresher. to the request of the gentleman from If his reports on Russian infiltration of the I am sure every Member of this House West Indies are correct,. the danger to the Florida? Americas is obvious. The islands command feels just as I do that it is a great tragedy There was no objection. all the eastern approaches to the Panama and that if one of our sons were there, Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, in the Canal. They are the "soft underbelly" of it would be a terrible personal tragedy. April 6, 1963, issue of the Miami Herald, the Western Hemisphere, like Europe's rela So I say, Mr. Speaker, as one of the and in the April 9, 1963, issue of the tion to islands in the Mediterranean and the Members of this House with a tremen Chicago Sun-Times, editorials appeared north coast of Africa. dous responsibility 1n passing the Selec The Congressman from St. Petersburg is concerning my efforts to warn the Con serving as a present-day Paul Revere. What tive Service Act and drafting or other gress and the American people of the counts will be the response to his warnings. wise inducing our young men into the Communist conspiracy pushing toward We need help. service of the United States for the pro impending disaster in certain areas in tection and freedom of our citizens, my the Western Hemisphere. Although the [From the Chicago (Ill.) Sun-Times, Apr. 9, prayers, and I am sure those of my col editorials, for which I am dearly grate 1963} leagues, today and over this weekend go ful, speak for themselves, I would like to A.No~HER CARmBEAN THREAT out for sympathy to the parents and the remind this great body that the Herald is The Windward and Leeward Islands stretch members of the families of these young the largest daily newspaper in the State like a curved necklace of green jewels from men. of Florida and the largest American daily south of Puerto Rico almost to the coast Our first prayers express hope that sitting closest to Cuba and to the Carib of Venezuela. The islands, rich in history, they may be rescued and returned; yet, bean while the Chicago Sun-Times ex separate the Atlantic Ocean from the Carib at this time I have the feeling and it presses a similar view many miles to the bean Sea. First discovered by Columbus the has been voiced in official circles that north. I hold a great deal of respect for islands for long years were a first port of their evaluation of the present situation call for European ships, riding the trade there is little hope left for them. winds down the long reaches of the Atlantic. So my prayers, our prayers, go out to in the Caribbean and am, therefore, in Representative WILLIAM C. CRAMER, Repub the families of these young men. Surely, serting their editorials in the RECORD at lican, of Florida, has charged that many of it is some consolation to them that these this point. I believe the Herald's and the Windward and Leeward Islands are heav men died in the service of their country. Sun-Times' evaluation of my statements ily infiltrated with Russians. He says that It is our duty to see that their deaths to be a further substantiation of the in many of the towns in the island chain shall not have been in vain and that facts and for my concern. I have asked the ratio of Russians to natives is 1 to 10. this House of Representatives now and the British Government to advise me of If this ls true, and Representative CRAMER in the future will see to it that we try to the number of Russians, Red Chinese, says his information is completely reliable, and satellite nations' passports they have then Great Britain now has reason to be preserve that peace for which they gave an active partner in the U.S. efforts to rid their lives. issued in the last 2 years. The British the Caribbean of the Russian influence. have an open door to the Caribbean for The islands are under the protection of Great the Communists-still do business with Britain. REPORT OF RAILROAD RETIRE those countries-including Castro's It is easy to see why Russia would make MENT BOARD FOR FISCAL YEAR Cuba. The United States has made no a great effort to influence this island chain. public request to Great Britain to end The Windward and Leeward Islands stand ENDING JUNE 30, 1962-MESSAGE this aid to the Communist. Is it not squarely athwart the ocean highway lead FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE about time such a demand was made? ing to the Panama Canal. In a strategic UNITED STATES agreement under the terms contained in in order to pursue a policy tha~ at best The provisions of article 14 of the declara that document. The doubts. I expressed has been questionable. . tion and protocbl ·appear to confer a veto Need I recall, for example, the legisla power on Communist Poland over the pol in that letter and in the subsequent ex icies of the United States and all other sig change of letters seem to have been well tive voices that demanded dismantle natory powers in relation to Laos. This, I founded in the light of the recent out ment of the Berlin wall as it was being regard as a nulilllcation of the promises of break of fighting between the neutralists raised? We know now that the Russians the agreement. and the Communist Patliet Lao in the were expecting this and no nuclear holo I gravely disapprove of the procedure, Plaine des Jarres. At the conclusion of caust would have been unleashed. presently being followed, which fails to sub my remarks, I will insert into the RECORD Need I recall the voice of Senator mit the declaration and protocol to the U.S. the letter I sent to Secretary of State KEATING, who demanded action in Cuba Senate for ratification as a treaty. long before the Executive would even The Congress and the country deserves a Dean Rusk last July. I will also include full and frank report from you on future the reply sent to me by then Assistant admit that missiles were being placed on American policy toward Laos. You wm re Secretary of State for Far Eastern Af that island? Hindsight demonstrates call that President Kennedy, on March 23, fairs, Averell Harriman, at the direction that KEATING was correct, the Executive 1961, told the American people, "if the Com of Secretary Rusk, as well as my reply to wrong. munists were to move in and dominate this him. Need I list the long roster of legisla country, it would endanger the security of Mr. Speaker, I do not rise today to tors, Democrat and Republican, who all, and the peace of all southeast Asia, that urged the establishment of a blockade quite obviously a.trects the security of the claim credit for accurately predicting United States." what would transpire in Laos; I do not or quarantine on Cuba long before Rus I would be interested in receiving from claim any prescience or foreknowledge sian missiles zeroed in on the majority you a plausible explanation of what makes denied to my colleagues or to the execu of our cities? today any d11ferent from March 23, 1961. tive branch. But I do claim that in the Is it necessary to recall the constant Other specific questions to which I would case of Laos, the administration was questioning of our incomprehensible pol respectfully request detailed replies would given ample warning by many of the icy in the Congo both by Democrats and include the following: Republicans? 1. On what tangible facts do you base the Representatives of the people on both exp.ectation, expressed in the declaration sides of the aisle concerning what would Is it possible that we have not as yet and protocol, that this agrement will "as happen if we entered into that troika learned the lesson of our own past mis sist peaceful democratic development of the· arrangement. takes? With such a long list of accu Kingdom of Laos" and "the strengthening of Time after time, in the situation in rate predictions by the representatives of peace and security in southeast Asia"? Laos, in South Vietnam, in Cuba, in the people, is it not time to reestablish 2. What provisions, contained in the dec Berlin, in the Middle East, in Africa, in real bipartisanship? With such a long laration, prevent complete domination of list of frustrations and failures whenever Laos by the Communists? almost every crisis spot we have faced, 8. Does the treaty specifically prohibit the Executive was warned by Democrats the executive unilaterally decided to ig Communist troops presently in Laos from and by Republicans in the Congress of nore the right solution by pursuing the moving into South Vietnam? the consequences we would face if our questionable one such as in Laos, is it 4. How would the United States regard a policy were not altered. not time for the Executive to heed the veto by Poland? Would it be looked upon And time after time, the executive counsel and advice of the representatives as a barrier to action by the non-Communist branch has seen fit to ignore completely of the people? signatories of the declaration? Would it be Is it conceivable that only a calamity a barrier to action in the event of a Com-· the advice and counsel that was offered munist takeover in Laos? Would it prevent on a truly bipartisan basis by the rep of the proportion visualized by a loss of action if the practice of dispatching Com resentatives of the people. all southeast Asi.a will be the only way munist troops through Laos to Vietnam were From this deliberate decision to ignore to reestablish true bipartisanship? continued? the counsels of Congress, we have a sorry Mr. Speaker, I call for the executive 5. What action would the Government of record of rollback defeats, sorry frustra branch of this Government to put real the United States take in the event of a vio lation of the treaty and in the face of a tions, decline of prestige, and diminish meaning back into bipartisanship by lis Polish veto on action? ment of ·freedom. This failure of bi tening to those men on both sides of the It is my profound hope that you wlll draft partisanship is evident on two levels. legislative aisle who have accurately an early reply to this letter, a reply that I When the Executive chooses to ignore forecast the failure of this present uni and the American people can only hope w1ll the counsel of Congress as a whole, he lateral policy in which a built-in capac allay our fears about the present direction thwarts what we might loosely call a ity for error is apparent. With my col of administration policy ln southeast Asia. bipartisanship between those two major leagues, I stand ready to join in a truly Sincerely yours, branches of the Government. Having bipartisan effort to formulate and exe ------. destroyed bipartisanship on that level, it cute effective cold war policies. AUGUST 10, 1962. is small wonder that bipartisanship also The letters referred to above follow: Hon. MELVIN R. LAnu>, breaks down within the legislative JULY 24, 1962. House of Representatives. branch itself. Hon. DEAN RusK, DEAR CONGRESSl\U.N LAIRD: The Secretary Mr. Speaker, far worse than any news Secretary of State, has asked me to reply to your letter of July management we have witnessed thus far Washington, D.C. 24 which raises a number of important ques is this commitment on the part of the MY DEAR MR. SECRETARY: It is, of course, tions about the recently concluded 'Geneva no secret that grave doubts and deep con agreements. I am glad to have this addi executive branch to engage in ·destiny tional opportunity to clarify our policy to management. By arrogating to itself the cern a.re being expressed in many quarters over the present Lao situation. I, too, as ward Laos and to answer your specific ques sole prerogative of determir..ing what our a member of the Defense Appropriations tions on the Geneva agreements. actions should be, the executive branch Subcommittee, am deeply troubled. I have We have considered, in close consultation is usurping what should be the respon been for many, many months. with the congressional leadership of both sibility of all Americans whether they parties, the various possible approaches to a On the basis of information recently made settlement of the Laos question. Certainly live on Pennsylvania Avenue or Main public concerning the Declaration and Pro the course of action that has been adopted Street. This destiny maI'.agement by tocol on Neutrality in Laos, the only pos 1s not without risk, but we believe that our passes the traditional role of the Con sible conclusion one could draw is that Laos present policy is the one most likely to fur gress and the people who in the past is being surrendered to the Communists, as ther the national interest of the United participated meaningfully in the Poland was at Yalta 17 yea.rs ago. States. That policy is to assure the mainte formulation of consensus that goes far The oft-expressed fear, now apparently a nance of a peaceful, independent, and neu beyond the formalities of foreign policy fact that Communist forces are being re tral Laos within the framework of the 1962 placed in Laos to carry on the fight in Geneva agreements. declarations. South Vietnam in which 8,000 American I am encl0sing a copy of the full texts of In every single instance one could cite troops are now deeply involved should be the agreements which were signed at Geneva. in which the United States faced a cold sufficient to shake administration com I think you will see upon a careful reading war crisis, there have been legislative placency. Obviously it is not. of them that, far from surrendering Laos to voices raised urging a correct policy. I strongly believe that the net e1fect of this the Communists, the e1fect o! these agree agreement on Laos will be the intensification ments 1s to prevent that from occurring. All These voices were heard but not heeded of war in southeast :Asia -: and- a ' weakening the- signatories -at Geneva,- including the by the Executive. Instead, the Execu of the confidence of free Asians in the value Communists, have agreed to respect the tive has chosen to ignore those voices of close cooperation with the United States. sovereignty, independence, unity, neutrality, CIX-402 6378 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 11 and territorial integrity of Laos. For its tiliti~ in Laos, the ~aintenance of that nomic arena. If the non-Communist ele part,.the United States fully intends to abide country's independence a.nd neutra.lity, and ments in Laos are to be successful in this by its commitments under the agreements the prevention of tlie W!e° · of Lao territory competition it.is essential that they be sup anllJ. to assist the Royal Government o! Laos for interference in the internal affairs of ported by the United States and other free to maintain its independence. We will, of other countries will contribute tO the peace world powers. To insure his success· we must course, expect the other. signatories likewise and ~ecUrtty of southeast Asia. In this con assist Prince Souvanna Phouma and his to live up to their undertakings. The latter nection I think it is significant that Thai government of national union during ·this aspect will be the real test of Communist land, Vietnam, Burma, and Cambodi~a~l critical ·period. We laid the groundwork for intentions. If contrary to their commit southeast Asian countries concerned with this cooperation during Prince Souvanna's ments the Communists were, as President the peace and securit:r of the area-fully visit in Washington last week. We hope for Kennedy said on March 23, 1961, "to move in participated in the negotiation of the Geneva c·ontinued bipartisan support for this policy, and dominate this country, it would endanger agreements and are signatories of them. which is tlie only peaceful possibllity for a the security of all, and the peace of all 2. There are a number of important pro non-Communist Laos. southeast Asia • • • that quite obviously visions of th·e Geneva agieeinents designed to Sincerely yours, aifects the security of the United States." prevent Communist or other foreign domi W. AVERELL HARRIMAN. We continue to hold this view. · nation of Laos. There ts, for example, the (Enclosure: Text · of the Geneva agree As one of the cochairmen of the Geneva undertaking by all the signatories to respect ments, 1962.) Conference, the Soviet Union bears a par and observe in every way the independence ticular responsibility to see that the Geneva and neutrality of Laos and not to commit or CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, agreements are properly implemented. It participate "in any way in any act" which HOUSE OP' REPRESENTATIVES, · is written into the agreements that, "The might "directly or indirectly" impair that Washington, D.O., August 23, 1982. cochairmen shall exercise supervision over independence or neutrality. There is a Hon. W. AVERELL HARRIMAN, the observance of this protocol and the dec speciflc undertaking to refrain from all direct Assistant Secretary of State, Department laration on the neutrality of Laos" (art. 8 or indirect interference in the internal affairs of State, Washington, D.O. · of the protocol) . In effect this means that of Laos and not to use the territory of any My DEAR MR. HARRIMAN: Thank you for the Soviet Union is responsible to see that country for such interference. There are your letter of August 10 responding to cer the Communist countries, particularly Com obligations on all parties to withdraw a.11 tain questions I had raised about the Lao munist China and North Vietnam, live up foreign military personnel from Laos and not peace treaty. · to the agreements. to introduce such personnel into that coun In candor, I must state that your letter The Geneva agreements were concluded try. The agreements establish an Interna has heightened the fears which led me to b~ the United States_as an executive agree tional Control Commission with important write to Secretary Rusk in the first place. I men·t. The President has adequate author supervisory, investigatory and reporting agree with the perceptive reporter, Richard ity under the Constitution, by virtue of his functions. These and other provisions of Starnes, that the administration's justifica power to conduct the foreign relations of the agreement are designed to help safe tion of the agreement of July 23 on Laos is the United States and as Commander in guard the sovereignty, independence, neu "another fable • • • added to the danger Chief, to enter into an executive agreement trality, unity and territorial integrity of Laos. ous mythology that is the foundation for of this kind. No obligations created by the 3. The agreements do specifically prohibit much of what passes for American policy in Geneva agreements on Laos in any way im Communist troops presently in Laos from southeast Asia." I think that Mr. Starnes pinge on the constitutional powers or pre moving into Vietnam. is right in saying, "To believe the Commu rogatives of the _Congress or of the States. The Communist signatories to the agree nist world means to keep the peace in a neu While the formal advice and consent of the tral Laos, one must first believe Communist Senate has thus not been sought for these ments have agreed "not to use the terri tory of the Kingdom of Laos for inter policy has undergone a sharp and total re agreements this administration has as I versal since the disgraceful rout of the stated earlier fully consulted with appro ference in the internal affairs of other United States-backed royal Lao Army at priate congressional committees and leaders countries," and Laos, in its statement of neu Nam Tha in May. This was the final disaster on all aspects of the Lao situation. trality, has undertaken not to allow its ter for the West in Laos, the ultimate proof of With respect to the provisions of the ritory to be used for such purposes. These the bankruptcy of our policy, and it was a agreements themselves, you raise in your provisions were specifically designed to pre Communist victory as decisive as Dien Bien letter the question of the interpretation of vent North Vietnamese troops from being in Phu." article 14: of the protocol relating_to yoting troduced into ·South Vietnam from or Your letter assures me that "the Commu procedures of the International Control through Laos. In addition, article· 3 of the nists have agreed to respect the sovereignty, Commission. The general rule prescribed protocol specifies that all foreign troops are independence, unity, neutrality, and terri in that article in the second sentence of to be withdrawn from Laos "only along such torial integrity of Laos." I find this fiat as the second paragraph, is that decisions ·of routes and through such points as shall be surance incredible in one who had direct the Commission shall be made by majority determined by the Royal Government of Laos personal experience with the Communists at vote. To this general rule, specified ex in consultation with the [International] Yalta. Have we not learned from this ex ceptions are made in the first sentence of Commission." Under article 10 of the pro perience and many others since World War that paragraph to which the rule of unanim tocol the Commtsaion "shall supervise and n that promises of this type made by the ity applies: (a) "decisions" on questions control" this withdrawa.l. Communists are valueless? relating to violations of certain articles, (b) 4. As I indicated earlier, the veto power of The declaration and protocol on neutral "conclusions" on those major questions the members of the International Commis ity in Laos establishes a troika composed of which are sent to the cochairmen, which it sion is very limited. The Commission cannot Communist Poland, neutralist India, and is felt, will be very limited in number; and be prevented by a veto from initiating or Canada to supervise the execution of the (c) "recommendations" of the Commission. carrying out investigations if it or the Gov agreements. When the Soviet Union pro These exceptions should be viewed in the ernment of Laos believe a violation has oc posed the establishment of a troika to han light of the provisions of article 15 of the curred. A majority or minority of the Com dle the duties of the Secretary General of protocol. That article provides that all de mission cannot be prevented by a veto from the United Nations, President Kennedy quite cisions of the International Commission on immediately reporting on investigations to properly said: "To install a triumvirate in initiation and carrying out of investigations all parties to the agreements. In the event the United Nations administrative omces shall be made by majority vote and that of a Communist takeover in Laos or if Com would replace order with chaos, action with the Commission shall submit reports on its munist troops continue to be dispatched paralysis, and confidence with gross confu investigations in which differences of view through Laos to Vietnam, the signatories to sion." It seems to me that the same results, may be expressed, thus enabling publications the agreements are in no manner bound to against which the President warned, can be of minority and majority opinions. inaction by a veto in the Commission. In expecte_d from the installation of a trium On the five other specific questions you deed, should there be a violation of the virate to supervise the execution of the raise I would comment as follows: agreements, the signatories are bound by Geneva agreements. 1. The preamble to the declaration on paragraph 4 of the declaration to consider Further, the troika which is responsible the neutra.lity of Laos expresses the view measures to be taken to insure observance for supervising the execution of the declara that "the independence and neutrality" of of the agreements, regardless of the decisions tion and protocol is the same one which Laos "will assist the peaceful domestic de or recommendations of the Commission failed in the performance of a similar re velopment" of Laos and "the achievement of itself. sponsibility with respect to the Geneva national accord and unity in that country 5. As pointed out above, there is no veto agreement of 1954. If this three-member as well as the strengthening of peace and which can prevent action in the · event of a .International Control Commission had done security in ooutheast Asia." After years of violation of the Geneva agreements. Should its job after 1954, there would have been no hostilities and factional strife largely fo such a violation occur, the U.S. Government Communist aggression in Laos or Viet mented from without, the independent and would take whatever action is necessary and nam-and no need for new agreements in neutrality of Laos and the termination of appropriate in ·the circumstances. 1962; - - foreign interference in the internal affairs The new 14-nation Geneva agreements You write that the "general rule (applying of Laos sl:i,ouid. permit the ·restoration of cannot end the struggle for power among to the work of the International Control peace in that cou~try and give to the people the various factions in Laos. The agree -Commission) • · • • ls that decisions of the of Laos an opportunity· to develop theU: dem ments do, however, shift 'the struggle from Commission are made by majority vote." ocratic· institution8. · The cessation of hoe- the military arena to the pblltical ·and eco- But article 14 of the protocol clearly states 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6379• that "decisions of the Commission on ques Prime Minister Chamberlain said of Hitler· No. 210) which was referred to the House tions relating to violations of articles 2, 3, at the time o:f Munich· "• • • here was a Calendar and ordered to be printed: 4, and 6 of this protocol or of the cease.:.fire man who could be relied on when he had Resolved, That immediately upon the adop referred to in artfole 9, eonclusions on major given his word." The Washington Post of tion of this resolution, the bill H.R. 4715, questions sent to the Cochairman_ and all July 26, 1962, reported "W. Averell Harriman, With the Senate amendments thereto, be, recommendations by the (Jommission shall former Ambassador to Moscow, says he trusts. and the same hereby is, taken from the be adopted unanimously." The articles of Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev to keep Speaker's table, to the end that the Senate the protocol specified in this sentence cover his word in carrying out the Geneva. agree ment guaranteeing the independence of amendments be, and the same are hereby, the entire range of the authority granted to agreed to. the International Control Commission-the. Laos.'' withdrawal of foreign troops from Laos, the Every effort is made by me to support our Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, prohibition of the introduction of more for foreign policy on a bipartisan basis. To this resolution has to do with the Roose eign troops and of arms, and the mainte ask me or the members of my party to sup velt Memorial. I understood there was nance of a cease-fl.re in Laos. port your actions regarding Laos which were some ceremony to take place in the near It is true that the Commission may by ma directly opposite to the pronouncements of jority vote undertake investigations, but ar our President and our Secretary of State is future and was asked by the author to ticle 15 of the protocol clearly declares, "The most difficult to understand. get this through. I am informed now conclusions and recommendations of the With best wishes and kindest personal that the ceremony does not take place Commission resulting from investigations regards, I am, until after we return from the ;Easte_r shall be adopted unanimously." Sincerely yours, recess. There was some controversy Consequently, I cannot accept your state MELVIN R. LAIRD, about it on the floor yesterday. I would ment that the general rule is that the Com Member of Congress. suggest, however, that it be taken up mission will act by i:pajorlty vote. On the the Monday we return, because I believe contrary, the general rule ls that the Com mission can act only by unanimous vote, on Tuesday some ceremony is to be held including the vote of Communist Poland. COMMITI'EE ON BANKING AND in connection with the memorial. In fact, the veto is stitched into every CURRENCY Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, we had pa.rt of the fabric of the incredible Geneva Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, planned to put that on the program for agreements. It is given to Communist Po by direction of the Committee on Rules, Monday, April 22. land as a member of the International Con trol Commission. It is given to Prince Sou I call up House Resolution 310 and ask phanouvong, the Communist representative for its immediate consideration. COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY in the troika which rules Laos, Without The Clerk read the resolution, as whose concurrence the Control Commission follows: Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, cannot exercise any of its functions. Resolved, That, notwithstanding the provi there is another resolution similar to the I am hardly reassured by your statement sions of H. Res. 179, Eighty-eighth Congress, one just passed. The Judiciary Commit that a vote on the part of one of the mem the Committee on Banking and Currency ls tee wishes to send two members to a con bers of the International Control Commis hereby authorized to send two of its mem ference in Geneva which takes place next sion ts not final since the 14 signatory na bers to Caracas, Venezuela, the latter part week on the immigration question. The tions can "consider measures to be taken to of April 1963 to attend the Directors meet Speaker will recall that the Judiciary insure observance of the agreements, re ing of the Inter-American Development Committee has jurisdiction over immi gardless of the decisions or recommendations Bank. of the Commission itself." I find it hard to Notwithstanding section 1754 of title 22, gration problems, and I would hope that believe that the Soviet Union, Communist United States Code, or any other provisions the Speaker would recognize me a little China, North Vietnam, Poland-and all sig of law, local currencies owned by the United later to ask that it be passed today. natories of the agreements-can be expected States shall be made available to the com to take corrective action when a violation mittee and employees engaged in carrying of the agreements by the Communists oc out their official duties under section 190(d) AMENDING LEAD-ZINC SMALL PRO curs. Indeed, press reports indicate that the of title 2, United States Code: Provided, (1) DUCERS STABILIZATION ACT agreements have already been violated by That no member or employee of said com the movement of Communist forces from mittee shall receive or expend local curren Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, by direction Laos into South Vietnam. Yesterday noon cies or appropriated funds for subsistence in of the Committee on Rules, I call up the deadline on agreeing to exit routes for an amount in excess of the maximum per House Resolution 309, and ask for its foreign troops to get out of Laos expired. diem rates approved for oversea travel as set immediate consideration. Already the treaty Will be violated. forth in the Standardized Government The negotiations at Geneva were an un Travel Regulations, as revised and amended The Clerk read the resolution, as broken retreat by the United States from by the Bureau of the Budget; (2) that no follows: positions which our President, our Secretary member or employee of said committee shall Resolved, That upon the adoption of this of State, and our Government had taken receive or expend an amount for transporta resolution it shall be in order to move that over the past 12 months. President Ken tion in excess of actual transportation costs; the House resolve itself into the Committee nedy in March 1961 said that he would not (3) no appropriated fund shall be expended of the Whole House on the State of the permit Communist aggression to succeed in for the purpose of defraying expenses of Union for the consideration of the bill (H.R. Laos. Secretary Rusk said that he would members of said committee or its employees 3845) to amend the Lead-Zinc Small Pro not sit down to negotiate in Geneva until in any country where counterpart funds are ducers Stabilization Act of October 3, 1961 there was an effective cease-fire in Laos. available for this purpose. (75 Stat. 766). After general debate, which Mr. Rusk and the Lao control body "should That each member or employee of said shall be confined to the bill, and shall con not be paralyzed by a vote." You your committee shall make to the chairman of tinue not to exceed one hour, to be equally self sought to include in the protocol a said committee an itemized report showing divided and controlled by the chairman and provision requiring the integration of the the number of days visited in each country ranking minority member of the Committee three armies in Laos. This was not included. whose local currencies were spent, the on Interior and Insular Affairs, the bill shall You sought to include a provision prohibit amount of per diem furnished and the cost be read for amendment under the five ing reprisals against the Lao who fought of transportation if furnished by public car minute rule. At the conclusion of the con against the the Communists at the urging of rier, or if such transportation ls furnished sideration of the bill for amendment, the the United States. This was not included. by an agency of the United States Govern Committee shall rise and report the bill to The :fate which these Lao allies o:f ours ment, the identification of the agency. All the House with such amendments as may now face can be judged :from the reports such individual reports shall be filed by the have been adopted, and the previous ques that the recently freed American prisoners chairman with the Committee on House Ad tion shall be considered as ordered on the give of their treatment by Communist ministration and shall be open to public b111 and amendments thereto to final pas captors. inspection. sage without intervening motion except one The disappointment which our Natl.on ex motion to recommit. perienced at Geneva is understandable. But The resolution was agreed to. when responsible spokesmen for our Nation A motion to reconsider was laid on the Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, I yield my return from Geneva to tell us that this de table. self such time as I may consume; and feat ls really a victory, to assert that peace following that, I shall yield 30 minutes has thereby been made more secure, to pro AGREEING TO SENATE AMEND to the gentlewoman from New York fess confidence that the Collllilunist aggres [Mrs. ST. GEORGE]. sors will keep their promises, their behavior MENTS TO H.R. 4715 is so like that·of Neville Chamberlain at the Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 309 time of Munich that it shou~d send cold Mr. S)UTH of. V.irgini~. from the Com provides for the consideration of H.R. chills down the spine of all whose memories mittee on Rules, reported the following 3845, a bill to amend the Lead-Zin~ go back to the 1930'•• . privileged resolution Lodging Meals Transportation M iscellaneous Total N ame of Name and country currency U .S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U .s. currency or U.S. currency currency currency currency currenry ------·---1------1- ---1----·1---·1----·1------Powell, Adam 0.: Great Britain (9 days) ______U.S. dollar ______------80. 00 70.00 5. 00 ------76. 50 12.00 243. 50 France (5 days> ------_____ do ______------110. 00 87. 50 ------48.00 245. 50 I taly (6 days)------___ __ do ______------150. 00 99. 00 64. 00 313. 00 Greece (11 days)------_____ do ______------181. 50 ------;;~ ~ - ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ { 88. 00 192. 50 10.00 547. 00 Spain (4 days)------_____ do ______------10.00 37.00 195. 00 72. 00 66.00 ------{ 10.00 Walar'!':f1:~fJtii (4 days) ______P ound ______------100.00 85. 00 23. 00 72.00 100 280. 00 France (5 days)------New franc ______------· 110. 00 82. 50 12. 00 45. 50 1, 250 250, 00 I taly (9 days) ------=- Lira ______------205. 00 148. 50 25.00 71.50 286, 300 450. 00 Greece (4 days)------Drachma ______------80. 00 70.00 15. 00 35.00 6,000 200. 00 Austria (5 days) ------Schilling ______------65. 00 52.50 12.00 22. .5 0 3, 800 152. 00 Germany (3 days) ______Deutsche mark_ _ ------55. 00 51. 00 14.00 30.00 600 150. 00 Denmark (5 days)------Kroner ______.. ------75. 00 62. 00 8. 00 26. 00 1,200 171. 00 Huft..1. Corrinne A .: ureat Britain (4 days) ______U.S. dollar ______------80. 00 17. 50 28. 00 168. 00 293. 50 France (5 days)------___ __ do ______------110.00 82.50 12. 00 46.00 250. 50 Italy (5 days).------__ ___ do ______------150. 00 56.00 305. 00 192. 00 l~ : ~ ------75~00 - ======84.00 532. 50 72.00 76. 00 ------37. 00 ------185. 00 72.00 66. 00 ------37. 00 ,------175. 00 =~~~(lw;~~i~ ======~======!~ ======Does it stand to reason that such a trip Secrecy is at the heart of most of the U.S. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE can be made for this extremely small abuses which persist here in Congress. UNITED NATIONS :figure? No, it , does not; so let us stop In the particular instance of counterpart fooling ourselves. Someone had to pay funds, the practice of making the :figures The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under for the basic travel expense. Possibly, available only to committee chairmen the previous order of the House, the MA TS or other Government transporta and then relying on them to present the gentleman from Missouri CMr. HALL ] is tion could have been provided. No; this figures to the House has obviously not recognized for 30 minutes. was clearly not the case as witness the worked. I, therefore, have introduced Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan following State Department telegram H.R. 5622 which would amend title 22, imous consent to revise and extend my which alerted the oversea diplomatic section 1754, by adding the simple remarks and to include extraneous mat corps to this trip: provision that "Each such record shall ter and tables. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Congressman ADAM C. POWELL, chairman, be available for inspection by any Mem Committee on Education and Labor, accom ber of Congress upon his request." objection to the request of the gentleman panied by Mrs. Tamara J. Wall and Miss Before we shed too many crocodile from Missouri? Corrine Huff, staff members, traveling West tears about the criticism that we are There was no objection. ern Europe accordance following itinerary: receiving, let us honestly look at our own Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I have in August 8, sailing Queen Mary, . arriving troduced today a bill designed to limit Southampton August 13; Paris, August 16; basic weakness of refusing to enforce Venice, August 20; Rome, August 23; Athens, the law as far as legislators are con U.S. contributions to the United Nations August 27; Delphi, August 30; sa111ng Leo cerned. My bill would at least make it in accordance with recommendations of nardo cl.a Vinci, September 15 from Gibraltar. possible to get a true accounting of the Clay Committee on foreign aid, ·and Arrival times and flights forwarded when moneys expended and not give committee in keeping with the original intent of firm. chairmen a cloak behind which they can this Congress. My bill places a 33¥3-per Provisions handbook congressional travel hide when their reports are incorrect and cent limit on U.S. contributions to all apply. Codel and party authorized use local in direct violation of the law. U.N. budgets and funds. currencies 19FT561 funds. Meet assist ap point control officers. The text of the bill follows: Mr. Speaker, American taxpayers now Request one single and one double with H.R. 5622 foot the bill for up to 100 percent of bath as follows: London-Cumberland Marble A bill to amend section 502 of the Mutual some U.N. funds, while other nations Arch Hotel; Paris Hotel San Regis; Venice Security Act of 1954 relating to the report ignore their obligations to support the Royal Denieli; Rome (1) Excelsior (2) Flora ing of foreign currencies expended by U.N. :financially. If my bill is ap (3) Victoria whichever has special embassy Members of Congress proved-and the principle already has rates; Athens beachhouse at Astir Hotel Be it enacted. by the Senate and House received widespread vocal support-the Delphi, new government hotel name un of Representatives of the United. States of savings to the American taxpayers could known. Confirm Department soonest. America in Congress assembled., That section amount to approximately $50 million a London, request three tickets August 14 502 of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 (22 and 15, best shows playing, except Broadway year. And the other nations would be U.S.C. 1754) is amended by adding at the put firmly on notice that they must face plays. end thereof the following new subsection: Paris-CodeI desires use U.S. Army car and " ( c) The Secretary of State shall keep a up to their obligations to the U.N., if chauffeur. Reserve three for :first show and complete detailed record Of each local cur they wish the U.N. to continue to dinner best table Lido August 16. rency owned by the United States which is function. Southampton-Code! requests be met at made available during each calendar year Queen Mary Cherbourg with $100 U.S. equiv As this House knows, I have been in under authority of subsection (b) of this vestigating the U.N.'s foreign aid activi alent in local currencies for each member section to each Member and employee of a party. committee of Congress. Each such report ties for 2 months. It was the unpub This certainly indicates that the trip shall specify the amount furnished each licized extent of U.N. aid to Communist was made on the Queen Mary. Patently Member and employee in each territory, nations that first convinced me that possession, and commonwealth of the United U.N. aid is not now being administered in on the face of the report, theretore, is States and in each foreign country visited, the obvious fa.ct that it does not truly the dates of such visit, and the dollar-equiv the best interests of the United States, reflect the cost of the trip unless the alent value of each such local currency. despite the fact that the United States funds came from some private source. Each such record shall be available for in is the greatest supporter of the U.N. and At this point, secrecy takes over and I spection by any Member of Congress upon the world's true champion of interna cannot report further.. · his request." tional peace and understanding. 6390 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 11 Further checking reveals that U.N. aid My bill would return UB to the intent the Middle East and in the Congo at is not even being administered in the best of the 82d Congre8s and is designed to rates in excess of our 32.02-percent gen interests of the United Nations, and that close the elusive "loopholes" by which eral-budget assessment. In explaining continued balling out of the U .N. by we have ignored the wishes of that wise that stand, our delegation to the United American tax dollars must come to a Congress. Nations under Delegate Francis Plimp screeching halt. The bill strikes out section 301 (b) of ton pointed directly to the 33 %-percent The United States is obligated by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and limitation in U.S. law. charter-and by hope-to pay its fair inserts in lieu thereof the following: My bill, presented here today, is to share of U.N. costs. We are equally obli Contributions, whether in cash or in. goods clarify that law so that the State De gated by a domestic budget deficit and and services, and . other payments made by partment and the U.S. delegation to the for the good of the U.N. itself, not to pay the United States for the calendar year 1964 United Nations will understand that 1 cent more than our fair share. or any subsequent calendar year to the Congress wants that 33 % percent ceiling United Nations or to any program or activity aplied all the time and across the The Clay Committee recommended just thereof (whether or not financed in whole that with respect to United Nations as or In part by assessments against member board-not just when the State Depart sistance agencies, saying: nations) may not exceed 33.33 per centum of ment decides it is convenient to apply U.S. contributions to the budget of these the total amount contributed and paid by the law. (assistance) organizations should not exceed all nations for the calendar year involved to I note also that the State Department our proportionate share of our regular U.N. the United Nations, or the program or ac itself has evidenced a similar opinion. budget. tivity thereof, as the case may be. On March 12, 1963, just 1 month ago, Mr. Thus, the Clay Committee, in accord Mr. Speaker, let me say that if the Richard N. Gardner, Deputy Assistant with the wisdom evidenced by the rest of 33¥a-percent ceiling were applied to U.N. Secretary of State for International Or its conscientious and meticulous report, funds as they turned out in 1962, the ganization Affairs, said in a speech before advised the Nation to do exactly what the American taxpayers would have been the American Association of the United Congress of the United States had in saved $37,836,000 last year. Even so Nations: tended for us to be doing all along. only 10 of the 28 U.N. budgets would It is true that the regular budget scale be have been cut at all. involves a ceiling for U.S. contribution. It should noted here that American This ceiling derives from a funda taxpayers now finance the U.N.'s myriad The table below shows the cuts that mental principle long accepted by the Gen budgets and funds in widely varying could have been made in 1962. Since eral Assembly-that, in an organization of amounts. For instance, our basic con the U.N. budgets are all continually in sovereign states where each nation has one tribution to the U .N. general budget is creasing, it is apparent that savings in vote, it is not in the interest of the organiza 32.02 percent, but we give 40 percent to 1964 could be even larger-probably in tion to depend too much financially on any the Special Fund, some 70 percent to the the neighborhood of $50 million. one state • • •. The financial load simply Middle East emergency force, and 100 TABLE 1.-Savings in U.N. contributions by must be more broadly based, and the care percent to some research programs. In the U.S. in 1962 if U.S. contribution Zimit fully worked out cost-sharing formula to other cases we give less than 32.02 per- had been 33.33 percent accomplish this is the regular budg~t scale. cent. · U .N. Fund: Saving Mr. Speaker, my bill is based on Just My bill provides simply for the estab Emergency forces ______$1, 233, 000 the cost-sharing formula Mr. Gardner Congo ______*---·------10, 193, 000 lishment of a fiat rate ceiling above which Children's Fund______2, 643, 000 described. It would establish the U.S. no U.S. contribution to any U.N. budget limit at a point just above the 32.02 per UNESCO (special)------1, 864, 000 cent now determined for us in the United or fund may go. ETAP------~------3,083,000 In fact, it is possible that American Palestine reuer______12, 941, 000 Nations budget formula, allowing a mar contributions to the U.N. in excess of Special Fund______4, 223, 000 gin for minor fiucttiations in our fair 33Ya percent of U.N. budgets already are \VIIO projects------2,156,000 share rate. Such action by us would en illegal. At the very least those contribu Total ______37,836,000 courage other nations to pay their fair tions are in direct opposition to the in~ share-whether out of dedication or dis tent of the Congress as embodied in the Mr. Speaker, the percentages which gust-unless they are willlng to accept State Department Appropriation Act of American taxpayers gave to the above a. cutback of United Nations activity 1953. projects in 1962 ranged from 40 percent especially in the foreign aid field. In that act-now Public Law 82-495- to the special fund and the expanded Let us remember that the difficulties the Congress, with foresight we unfor technical assistance program to 100 per of the U.N. do not arise from its ordinary tunately have not followed, provided cent for two of the three special projects operations. It is the extra operations this: of the World Health Organization. that have turned the U.N. into a bottom No representative of the United States The 18 U.N. funds and budgets to less :financial drain for American tax Government in any international organiza which the United States is now con payers. tion after fiscal year 1953 shall make any tributing less than 33 Ya percent include: Over the last few years almost 90 per commitment requiring the appropriation of General U.N. budget, International Mari cent of the U.N. membership has been funds for a contribution by the United States time Consultive Organization, Food and granted relief from making payments at in excess of 33 Vs per centum of the budget Agriculture Organization, International their regular assessment level to the spe of any international organization. Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO joint cial U.N. operations of emergency forces Since 1953 there have been occasions support program, International Labor and of foreign aid. As a consequence, upon which it has been found convenient Organization, International Telecommu the United States has been called upon for that basic limitation to be circum nications Union, United Nations Educa to support those programs via large vented. It has been claimed that "vol tional, Scientific and Cultural Organiza "voluntary" contributions. untary" funds are not covered by the tion, Universal Postal Union, World To do that we had to wink at our limi above law, although the law makes no Health Organization general budget, tation law. such exception in its language. On the World Meteorological Organization, and Mr. Speaker, this situation has two basis of that dubious reasoning the For the U.N. High Commissioner for Ref unacceptable aspects: eign Assistance Act of 1961 provided in ugees. First. It has placed a disproportionate section 301 (b) that U.S. contributions to The proposed cutting back of our sup share-nearly half--of the cost of these the U.N. Special Fund and the U.N. ex port to the U.N. is an effort to keep our operations on the United States. panded program of technical assistance own financial house in order, and to Second. Under this arrangement a encourage added backing of the U.N. by large number of U.N. members are not could be made, up to 40 percent of those other nations. This cutback is not sup meeting their obligations. funds' budgets. ported only by myself and the Clay The Communist bloc pays nothing or And, by conveniently neglecting to Committee. It has, indeed, received makes only token contributions. In the remember the intent of the Congress, our vocal support and active implementation case of some specific funds, France, State Department has gotten the United by the Department of State~ South Africa and. the Arab countries re States into the deep financial waters of The State· Department announced fuse to pay· their fair share. Other un the U .N .'s emergency operations at rates March 13 that the United States no derdeveloped nations do not pay their up to 70 percent of U.N. expenditures. longer will support U.N. operations in share, arguing that they are too poor. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6391 Beside that, the Communist bloc lim a massive foreign aid program of his A "fair share" celling will help ·make its the convertibility of currency it gives own-is being drawn unknowingly into the Uriited Nations stronger and more to the U.N. so that such currency often a second foreign aid program which he. :financially sound while at the same time can be spent only for Communist goods :finances but over which he has no ef making the United States of America and experts and only in Communist na fective control. stronger and more :financially sound. tions. Our United States is facing the first That is a good bargain. There have been several attempts to $12 billion planned budget deficit in all Let us take advantage of it. straighten out the finances of the U.N. its history. We simply cannot afford to Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the The most notable attempt inv:>lved that support two foreign aid programs. gentleman yield? $100 million bond issue in which the We already have substantial agree Mr. HALL. I am glad to yield to my United States hesitatingly agreed to p~r ment in principle to the cutting of our colleague from Iowa. ticipate last year. unilateral aid program. It is equally ob Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I want to In addition the International Court vious that we must apply the cutting commend my friend from Missouri for of Justice handed down last July an principle also to our donations to the the wealth of information he has brought opinion that costs incurred by the U.N. United Nations. My bill proposes a real to the attention of the House in connec in the Congo and Middle East operations istic method of doing that. It does not tion with the United Nations and its sub are "expenses of the Organization" and end our membership in the U.N. It sidiary organizations. I would ask the that assessments levied to pay for them does make our membership a fair-share gentleman this question, Will your bill constitute binding legal obligations. affair. Please note that my bill does not pro Now, Mr. Speaker, since the question is put a stop to the vicious practice of pose that the United States refuse to always near at hand in these cold war so-called voluntary contributions that meet such legal obligations. The 33 % days, I want to deal briefly with the have run into many, many millions of percentage is, in fact, a little higher than amount of U.N. foreign aid that has gone dollars? our current legal U.N. assessment figure to or is programed for Communist bloc Mr. HALL. No; I would have to say of 32.02 percent. nations in 1963-64. to the gentleman from Iowa who is a It is difficult to escape the conclusion Many of these projects I have dis distinguished member of the Committee that the United Nations is not being cussed here in detail in previous days. on Foreign Affairs and of this House, supported in many of its funds and The aid includes that from the Special that it would not within itself put a stop budgets. These arrearages will continue Fund and the expanded technical as to the setting up by the United Nations to grow so long as both major and minor sistance program and from other U.N. or by their vote in the General Asseµibly powers refuse to fulfill their legal obliga funds and budgets-none of them limited of the voluntary fund, but it would keep tions. And, so long as the American to a 33%-percent U.S. contribution. us from participating more than the legal taxpayers pay the bill, there is no reason My research indicates that there are limit as established by the law of this to expect that other nations will be now in operation-or planned-103 U.N. Congress, which is 33 % percent. bothered with paying them. aid projects in the Communist bloc. Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, if the The United States contributes to at These will cost the U.N. $9,791,373 as de gentleman will yield further, I was speak least 28 United Nations funds and budg tailed in the accompanying table. ing of the voluntary contributions made ets. That makes for a lot of different by the United States, not by the United u:s. relationships with a lot of different TABLE 2.-Total U.N. aicl to or programed for Nations; the voluntary contributions Reel bloc, 1963-64 (includes Special Funcl, made by the United States to the United international organizations each in a ETAP, other funcls) varied and complex field. Nations and certain of its subsidiary Thus, we find ourselves approaching organizations. something of a showdown this year. We Nation l_P_r_oj_ec_ts_ ,__ c_os_t_ Mr. HALL. It is my opinion that it have had some 18 years of experience would stop those voluntary contributions Cuba_ ------16 $2, 336, 680 now in building international organiza Poland______30 2, 007. 200 over and above the regular assessments Yugoslavia______32 4, 695. 643 and as to those we could participate only tions under the United Nations. It has Albania______3 70, 000 been an enterprise 1n which the U.S. Interregional with Red Nations up to 33% percent. I am sorry I missed executive branch and the Congress involved __ ------12 583, 000 the gentleman's point in the beginning, ---1---- have been partners in a great many deci TotaL ______103 9, 791, 373 but he is exactly right; that is the intent sions to establish or help :finance inter of this amendment to the bill which will national organizations. take us back to the original concept of We have arrived now at the point Mr. Speaker, I hope that in the coming this House. where it is a major responsibility of the days of debate and lawmaking in the Mr. GROSS. It has been through this United States to manage this complex foreign aid field, we in this Congress will voluntary contribution gimmick that the web of relationships. But at the present be successful 1n closing all loopholes and executive branch of our Government has point the management :Problems in in providing specifically that no Ameri been evading what Congress said was a volved are almost staggeringly complex. can contribution to any U.N. fund ever fair share contribution, 33 % percent. The U.S. Congress and our delegation shall exceed that 33% percent now in Mr. HALL. It is 33% percent at the to the U.N. are having to function to a our laws. present time, but we are assessed by the significant degree as the legislature of I have proposed a step in the right U.N. only 32.02 percent as a result of the an international organization that lacks direction; the direction of fiscal sanity; action of the Finance Adm1niStration an effective internal legislature. We the direction of realism. It is a realistic Committee in that organization's assess have a very big voice in the U.N. budget step that has widespread support and ment upon us. process. We have the problem of exam that can be accomplished quickly. It Mr. GROSS. If the gentleman will ining U .N. programs, trying to make sure follows the recommendations of General yield further, I thoroughly agree with they are sensible, and meantime keeping Clay's committee for decreased, selective him; I am sick and tired of a little group our percentage of :financial commitment aid to international organizations. It of people, mostly foreigners, gofog to New down to a fair-share level. · could save us $50 million. Delhi, India, or some other faraway Mr. Speaker, the :financing of the The step I propose provides for a limit place, holding a meeting and ·fixing the United Nations has just gotten out of on U.S. contributions to any and all U.N. share of the contribution of the United hand. The U.N. cannot manage it. funds and budgets and will encourage States to the United Nations or one of its Now it becomes apparent that the other nations to assume their moral ob many agencies. These people are United States-saddled with its own ligation to pay their fairer share of U.N. actually imposing taxes upon Americans debt-cannot finance the U.N., too. financing. Many of these nations have by so doing. I do not reach this conclusion lightly. been rehabilitated by our unilateral aid Mr. HALL. That is correct. I will I have studied U.N. :finances closely and and by U.N. aid financed chiefly by say as I did in the body of my speech have detailed a number of questionable Americans. that we have exercised considerable au U.N. projects in 15 previous speeches in My colleagues, let µs legislate a positive thority and participation in the Finan this House. 33 % percent ceiling on U.S. aid to the cial Administrative Comniittee, as·I be What is happening now, Mr; Speaker, U.N. lieve it is called. We have progressively is that the American taxpayer-who has Let us enact a "fair share" ceiling. reduced our legal limit of support, with 6392 ~ONGRESSIONAL · R~CORD-- HOUSE U .N. approval,. and. ·I Sa.¥ that no~ -face Cuba, considering-the problems of travel Uf> ·as the leader of ·a different -killd of tiously but in quotes, "approval," from 5Q. to Cuba these days and that ·the only com~wiism, a peaceful ·kind, · a -non percent at the beginning to 32.02 percen~ regular· airline se:rvice to-·Cuba r is-f ram yiolent kind, yes, even a kind of ••.demo at the present time. I would hope it Mexico City. . ·Of course Tito could-use cratic communism." AU of this is, of would go much lower in· the ·future, and a Russian jet for the trip, but that.would course; a Russian-manufactured myth that ·any future assessments ·by.the U.N. uncover.much of his Trojan Horse role which some intellectuals and many would be progressively lessened to our in the schemes of imperial Russia. theorists in the United States swallowed true, fair share. Moreover, the invitation from Mexican hook, line, and sinker. But the record I want to mat:e i-t obvfous that ·I am President Mateos .. provides ·additional shows that national - communism is a not in this bill trying to hog-tie the "diplomatic cover" 'for Tito in his efforts propaganda technique to open the way United Nations. I am trying to make it to penetrate further the Russian cause for Russian takeover of legitimate revo legal, and for us to have even stiffer legal into other Latin American Republics .. lutionary movements in countries where limitations. I think this will strengthen The action taken by President Mateos revolutionary change is the order of·the the United Nations. It will make more makes him the first among the Organi day. · This technique applies in coun nations meet their obligations. It is sup zation of American.States heads of state tries seeking their national independ ported not only by me but by others, in to break the ice for ·Tito in-this hemi-· ence by· escape from colonial rule and cluding the State Department and the sphere. The burden of resistance on as well in countries where existing social President's Committee on Foreign Ex other Organization· of American States. and economic conditions invite .revolu.:. penditures. Many people feel that heads of state is thus considerably tionary action to secure justice for the showdown time is here. This bill is one weakened and others may go the way of masses. solution. I think it is reasonable sup President Mateos. , Much of Latin America is today in port. It is generally. agreed that Castro has revolutionary ferment. There the revo been well exposed as a Russian Trojan lution has both social and economic ob CUBA, TITO, AND · THE TROJAN Horse in the Western Hemisphere. jectives. Revolutionary change, whether President Kennedy played a vital role in HORSE peaceful or violent, opens the door· for bringing about . that exposure. The Russian agents to enter the fray with The SPEAKER pro tempore House action Bill at latest stage Fiscal year and blll Budgetjequests Senate passed Enacted compared Reported by I Passed to budget committee requests ' Fiscal 1963: Supplemental, Agriculture (shifted from original budget request for 1964)------1 $508. 172, 000 $508, 172, 000 $508, 172, 000 $508, 172, 000 $508, 172, 000 ------1, 641, 5<.Yl, 106 988, 756, 506 (500, 000, 000) ( ______) 1, 438, 691, 506 ------$20'2, 815, 600 Sup~~giJ::~r~~aeceieiaifoii::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: (450, 000, 000) ------(-50, 000, 000) All other ______------___ ------_------_ (1, 141, 5<.Yl, 106) (988, 756, 506) (988. 691, 506) ------(-152, 815, 600) 1, 496, 928, 506 1, 946, 863, 506 508. 172, 000 Total, 1963------l======l======l======l======l======I:======12, 149, 679, 106 508, 172, 000 -202, 815, 600 Fiscal 1964: Interior and related: Appropriations ______-----______998, 009, 000 929, 690, 200 922, 625, 200 -75, 383, 800 13,000,000 6,000,000 6,000, 000 -7,0G0,000 ~~~::C1r~:~~r~~~?::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 17,500,000 -17. 500, 000 Total ______----T------1, 028, 509, 000 935, 690, 200 928, 625, 200 ------99, 883, 800 Treasury-Post Office and related------6, 146, 842, 000 5, 997, 0'26, 000 5, 997, 026, 000 ------149, 816, 000 Total, 1964 to date------7, 175, 351, 000 6, 932, 716, 200 6, 925, 651, 200 ------249, 699, 800 l======r-======l======t======I======!======0 =~~t~~~~?.'!~~~~~~~ - •. m. oao.100 ...... ------!------1 -452, 515, 400 1 Shifted from the 1964 budget request (which was reduced accordingly). 2 This accounts for virtually all of the supplementals for fiscal 1963 specifically pro jected for 1963 in the Jjl.Iluary budget except for the $2,000,000,000 additional for the Export-Import Bank now pending as a "back-door" appropriation proposition. Mr. Speaker, we will report another in round figures, $96,146,000,000 proposed aid; any changes will presumably also bill in the week following the Easter for consideration in the present session affect the budget request for actual ap recess. The hearings on several other applicable to fiscal 1964. The President propriation. ·major bills are either completed or well has subsequently submitted several re So, Mr. Speaker, while we cannot at advanced. But some major bills will visions to the January budget for fiscal this point give the precise budget again be delayed pending consideration 1964 totaling approximately $1,070,000,- amounts yet to come before the House of the related annual authorization bills 000 in reductions, principally the $508,- in the appropriation bills, on the basis which under the rules must precede the 172,000 switched over to fiscal 1963 and of what is now pending before the com appropriation bills. the $419,700,000 downward revision in mittee the magnitude and character is No further supplemental bills from the foreign aid; there are approximately approximately this: Committee on Appropriations for fiscal $142,700,000 in other downward adjust Labor-HEW bill, $5,759,000,000; 1963 are now foreseen. There is pending ments. Thus the current total new ob Agriculture bill-and $855,000,000 loan in the House, however, a $2,000,000,000 ligational authority proposed for 1964 for authorization-$6,375,000,000; "back-door" appropriation in the bill action in the current session is, again Defense bill, $49,014,000,000; from the Banking and Currency Com approximately, $95,076,000,000. And the State - Justice - Commerce-Judiciary mittee for the Export-Impart Bank. As January budget identifies about $2,727,- bill, $2,158,000,000; may be noted from the table I have in 000,000 of that with propositions of leg Independent offices bill, $14,513,000,- cluded, the House has considered $7 ,175,- islation for new programs initially for ooo · 351,000 of the new appropriation budget consideration in legislative rather than Public works bill, $4,558,000,000; requests for fiscal 1964 in the two regular appropriation bills; therefore it remains Military construction, $1,978,000,000; bills. uncertain how much of that will even Foreign aid bill, $4,840,000,000; AMOUNTS YET TO BE CONSIDERED tuate in formal budget requests for ac Legislative branch bill, $166,000,000; The President's January budget pro tual appropriation. And some portion District of Columbia bill, $34,000,000; posed $107 ,927 ,000,000 in new obliga of the remaining $92,349,000,000 will And, as usual, a closing supplemental tional authority for fiscal 1964, of which probably also be affected as the Congress bill, amounts now unknown. $11,781,000,000 is for permanent appro processes the annual legislative author Mr. Speaker, a necessary precaution priations recurring under prior law, prin ization bills for such major programs as ary word for anyone who may take the cipally interest on the debt, thus leaving, space, military construction, and foreign time to balance out all these figures 1963 CONGRESSIONAL ,RECORD - HOUSE 6395 with the budget totals. The budget con cision in the appropriation proce$s. The pend vast sums we do not have, money cept of "new obligational. authority" , ~ actual expenditure in payment of the ob which must be borrowed; while we were slightly di1ferent from the . tra (NOTE.-Total Presidential requests for appropriations considered in connection with the defunct bill were $631,7851376. In addition, pertinent unbudgeted amounts totaling $49,684,000 were pending in the bill, for a grand total of $681,469,376, of which $251,601,000, as shown below, bas oeen saved thus far based on resubmissions for fiscal 1963 in H. Docs. 61 and 90] _ 1. Budget requests considered in connection with tbe defunct bill for which there are no current resubmissions in H. Doc. 61 or 90 for fiscal year 1963 ------~ - $56, 591, ooo 2. Unbudgeted amounts inserted in defunct bill by House or Senate for which there are no current submissions in H. Doc. 61 for fiscal 1963 ($0§1769,000, less $845,000 for 3 research construction projects included in 1963 Agriculture bill; less $1,265 000 for 7 corps projects included in 1963 public works bw; less $35,l'00,000 for defense education which was contingent on passage of enabling legislation which, however, did not pass, and less $45,000 for gratuities) ______------18,614,000 3. Unbudgeted amounts inserted in defunct bill by House or Senate for which there are now current budget requests submitted for fiscal 1963 in H. Doc. 61 ($31,- 025,000 in bill as passed Senate, less $30,625,000 now requested for the same purposes>------400, ooo 4. Budget requests for items of appropriation now submitted in H. Docs. 61 and 90 for 1963 supplementals and deficiencies and the corresponding budget requests for the same items considered in connection with the defunct bill: (a) Total budget requests involved in this category of items in connection with the defunct bill------$679, 494,000 Deduct a.mounts deferred in the 1963 annual bills, and therefore shown as reductions in reports thereon, and reconsidered in connection with defunct bilL ______-- - __ ---- ___ ------. ------_------_------_ -104, 300, 000 Net budget requests, this category, defunct bill· ------575, 194,000 (b) Budget requests now resubmitted as fiscal 1963 supplementals and deficiencies in H. Docs. 61 and 90 for the same items of appropriations for substantially the same purposes as were embraced in the corresponding budget requests under (a) above. (Total now resubmitted for fiscal 1963 under these titles is $513,313,000, but $120,515,000 of this is for purposes difierent, principally general civilian pay raises, than those embraced in the defunct budget requests> ------392, 798,000 Deduct also the budget requests now resubmitted for fiscal 1963 in H. Doc. 61 for "restoration" of a portion of the $104,300,000 deferred in the an- nual bills and listed above •• ______------____ _------_------_------_-- __ _ -6, 400, 000 Savings in fiscal 1963 under this category of items based on resubmissions in H. Doc. 61 and.90------175, 996, 000 Total savings in appropriations thus far, fiscal 1963, as result offailure of the supplemental bill------251, 601, 000 MEMBERS OF THE WYOMING STATE written by a well-known and very re not controlled in any way by anyone SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRE spected columnist. I regret very much except their own conscience. We in SENTATIVES that this columnist has seen :flt in his Wyoming are very proud of the fact that article to impugn the integrity and the our political campaigns are clean. There Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I motives of the leaders and members of is no mudslinging and no personal ask unanimous consent that the gentle the Wyoming State Senate and House attacks. When this columnist makes the man from Wyoming CMr. HARRISON] may of Representatives as well as that of the charges that our State legislature was extend his remarks at this point in the people of Wyoming generally. It is more or less openly controlled by a so RECORD. quite apparent that he has made no called rightwing organization, he is mak The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there real effort to check his statements ing charges which are completely objection to the request of the gentle because if he had done so, he would have unfounded and completely untrue and, woman from New York? found that the charges he makes are in my opinion, are nothing short of There was no objection. completely untrue. I have known the libelous. When he criticizes the actions Mr. HARRISON. Mr. Speaker, on leaders of our State legislature for many of our legislature in adopting resolutions Wednesday, April 10, an article appeared years, as well as most of the members. and requests for constitutional amend in a Washington morning newspaper, They are honest men and women who are ments, then he is attacking the 1963 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-·HOUSE 6397· sovereignty of the State of Wyoming. At the instigation of Bundy and Rostow may be free. Supreme sacrifices such as Certainly he has no right to sit in judg the President has privately offered a quid pro this have been repeated time and again ment over the actions of our legislature quo to the Soviet tor withdrawal of its throughout the history of mankind, and combat troops from Cub~. in . return for nor to criticize such actions because they which the U.S. would reduce its garrison in these gallant men join a galaxy of au do not coincide with his own thinking. West Berlin and withdraw several thousand thentic heroes. The article is all the more unfortunate troops from West Germany. Are they to be pitied? They are giving because it appears that its purpose is Even if the Kremlin rejects this accom their lives for a noble cause, and how purely political and partisan. If this modation Bundy and Rostow argue, the ac many among us will be able to say as columnist is as fair as I think he is, I tivities of the exlle groups should be brought much when the time comes to draw under tight control because they distract the mantle of our couch about us? am sure that he will make an honest from the President's grand design of build attempt to check the charges he has ing a community of free nations, which will Rather, we are the ones to be pitied. made and will apologize to the State of expand by its inner strength and attractive Thrust upon us· is the awesome responsi Wyoming and its citizens for the attack power • • •. bility to see to it that these brave men he has made on their honesty and Equally curious is the backstage explana shall not die in vain, that the time their integrity. . tion given exile leaders for the timing of the sacrifice buys will be used wisely by those crackdown. They are being told that their of us in responsibility. funds are needed for urgent efforts in Latin We must raise our eyes from the dust EAST EUROPEAN ANTI-RED EXILES America. Beyond this bare claim no details of petty politics to the guiding star of SUPPORT POLICY BEING RE are tendered. freedom. We must exhibit a bit of the VERSED The Bundy-Rostow policy also fiatly rules out any m111tary aid or intervention should same courage displayed time and again Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I a revolt develop in the ' Communist-domi by our men in uniform. We must meas ask unanimous consent that the gentle nated Eastern European nations. ure our every deed by this question: Will man from California [Mr. YOUNGER] may As outlined in their undisclosed position it save and strengthen for future genera extend his remarks at this point in the paper, this hands-off policy is as follows: tions our great heritage of freedom? "If revolt breaks out in East Germany or RECORD and include an article. any other Communist satellite in Eastern This sacrifice has special meaning in The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Europe, we should bear in mind that our Holy Week, and we can take comfort objection to the request of the gentle grand design is to build a community of from the promise that all things work woman from New York? free nations which will expand by its inner together for good. The entombment of There was no objection. strength and attractive power when com Jesus led to great things for the children Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, few bined with the assertion of increasingly na of God. The entombment of these 129 articles that I have hRd the privilege of tionalistic trends within the Communist sailors, in a different but worthy way, bloc. reading have so aroused my curiosity "We do not wish to jeopardize this design may, too, lead to great things for man and resentment as the one by columnists by allowing Eastern Europe to become a bat kind. The responsibility lies squarely in Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott, published tlefield between ourselves and the U.S.S.R. our hands; in the Northern Virginia Sun, yesterday, unless we are attacked. It forces us to take a new and sober April 10. "Accordingly, if turbulence erupts in the look upon our conduct both at home and I liave direCted a letter to the Secre area, we should maintain this posture, and abroad. Are our goals and deeds proper tary of State requesting a copy of the urge our allies to do the same, meanwhile companions for the goals and deeds of undisclosed paper which is quoted by exerting all the influence we can muster dur the 129 American sailors? Are we doing ing such crises to yield less repressive and Mr. Allen and Mr. Scott in the follow- more nationalist regimes as the outcome. all we can to weld e1Iectively and perma ing article: · · "We should refrain from encouraging or nently the great resources· of freedom EAST EUROPEAN ANTI-RED EXILES SUPPORT supporting armed uprising, as distinct from throughout the world? In candor, we POLICY BEING REVERSED . peaceful demonstrations, strikes, and simi must admit we are not. (By Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott) lar means of exerting public pressure against As George Washington would suggest, President Kennedy's harsh crackdown on Communist regimes. let us raise a standard to which the wise Cuban exile groups is being broadened to in "Should a national Communist regime be and the honest can repair, and then clude the activities of the anti-Communist established, we should make a maximum courageously carry this standard. Eastern European refugee groups in the effort short of m111tary action to permit its· With American sailors dying, let us United States. survival." listen to the ship's company as it sings: Behind the scenes, and without taking the In ordering the . crackdowns against the American people into his confidence, the exile groups, the President has executed a Eternal Father, strorig to save President is drastically reversing U.S. policies complete :flip-fiop from the position he took Whose arm doth bind the restless wave which have importantly aided these exiles in the 1960 campaign. Who bid'st the mighty ocean deep since the late 1940's. Then, in a speech in Johnstown, Pa., on Its own appointed limits keep This undercover policy shift calls for ham October 15, he resoundingly declared: 0, hear us when we cry to Thee stringing the efforts of the European refugees "We must end the harassment which this For those in peril on the sea. by sharply curtailing the cover funds sup Government has carried on of liberty plied them by Government agen:ctes, among loving anti-Castro forces in Cuba and in them, the Central IntelUgence Agency. other lands. While we cannot violate inter AMENDMENT TO RULES OF THE Although these financial curbs will not be national law, we must recognize that these HOUSE fully effective until around July 1, the secret exiles and rebels represent the real voice of Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I crackdown already is compelllng Baltic and Cuba, and should not be constantly handi Russian exile groups to restrict their anti capped by our Immigration and Justice De ask unanimous consent that the gentle communist activities. partment authorities." man from California [Mr. BOB WILSON] These groups are closing down anti may extend his remarks at this point in Russian and clandestine publications, broad the RECORD. casts, and the doors of their assembly hall in THE LOSS OF 129 AMERICAN The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there New York, the so-c~lled Baltic House. SAILORS ON THE SINKING OF THE objection to the request of the gentle In recent years, the Baltic House has ATOMIC SUBMARINE woman from New York? served as a major exiles headquarters for There was no objection. exposing Soviet tyranny, helping defectors Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I escape from the Iron Curtain, and rallying ask unanimous consent that the gentle support in the United Nations to block Rus have tOclay introduced a r!=!solution to sian efforts to legalize their World War II man from Illinois [Mr. FINDLEY] may amend the rules of the House to the ex territory grabs. extend his remarks at this point in the tent that each bill placed before the Leading architects of this new policy are RECORD. House of Representatives must contain McGeorge Bundy, ambitious foreign policy The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there an estimate of Federal funds required to assistant to the President, and Dr. Walt objection to the request of the gentle implement it. This regufation would re Rostow, head of the State Department Policy woman from New York? veal to-each of us and to· our Nation's Planning Council. There was no objection. citizens the hard, cold facts of the cost These two key policymakers hav~ con: vinced the President that if the. exile_groups Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, 129 of each piece of legislation. ·Many pro are squelched, the. cl,lances for working out a American sailors today lie · in a steel posals which may appear attractive on deal with Khrushchev on Berlin, Cuba and tomb a mile and a half below the ocean's the surface will take on a different hue Central Europe would be greatly- improved. - surface. They are dying that · others when ''priced out" for all to see. 6398 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 11 This is a conservative measure which cation of 45 percent of the Soviet labor force secutive year. Cabbage, carrots, and parsley in itself is a must. My resolution also to agriculture, the United States exceeds the were hit by drought, and production did not annual agricultural output of the Soviet Un meet flUotas. requires that in instances where no cost ion by over 60 percent. EXcept. in "large mban. centers, bread will be involved, that a statement be in ·At a time when the American !armer is rationing 1& prevalent in moat of Rumania cluded in the legislation to that effect. being asked to take on quota. allocations of because of a. disappointing, corn yield. in 1962, Greater care will be used in intrcxluc feed grains, we should be pointing out that, the smallest since 1958. ing further legislative proposals when though the United States and Russia. have Bulgar1a's important export crops o! toma the requirements of my resolution are approximately the same amount of land toes. grapes, and tobacco showed marked put into effect. This proposal to put a planted to feed grains, U.S. production of increases over the row 1961 revels". I.ow pro these grains exceeds that of the Soviet Union duction forced rationing of t>nion, rice, price tag on all House bills is clearly in by over 154 percent. beans, and potatoes. the best interest of protecting our na Obviously, with the whip of the dictator Single copies of the report, "The 1963 tional economic strength. Not only will on his back, the Soviet farmer, with his com Ea.stern Europe Agricultural Sltuation, SUp a higher grade of proposed legislation munized agriculture, is simply not in the plement No. 3 to the- 1963 World Agricul result, but we will eliminate many same league as the 2 million free commercial tural Situation," may be obtained from the monetarily treacherous proposals of farmers in the United States. Division of Information, Office of Manage which even the study and consideration Communism's failure as a way of life is ment Services, U.S. Department of Agricul most apparent in its agricultural collapse. I ture, Washington, D.C. requires much of our valuable time to am in no position to deny that weather con process. ditions undoubtedly did a.fi'ect production I urge my colleagues to give favorable in the Soviet Union this year-but, Mr. Sec AMERICA MUST NEVER FORGET consideration to this proposed resolution, retary, I am unable to understand how our which in content is essentially the same Government can take an official position THE NAZI HORRORS as a resolution introduced by my col which does not recognize the basic reasons Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I league LoUIS WYMAN, of New for their lack of production-namely, the ask unanimous consent that the gentle c. Communist society itself. Hampshire. When Khrushchev was here in 1959 and man from New Hampshire [Mr. WYMAN] visited some of our farms, he had to admit may extend his remarks at tbi& po.int openly that our farm machinery, manage in the RECORD and include an article. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ment, methods and research far surpassed The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I those ln the Soviet. How, then, can our objection to the request of the gentle ask unanimous consent that the gentle Government take the position that the food woman from New York? man from Ohio [Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON] shortage in Communist Europe was caused There was no objection. his in entirely by poor weather conditions. WYMAN. may extend remarks at this point I sincerely hope that you will see to it that. Mr. Mr. Speaker, we must the RECORD and include extraneous the members of your Department will under never forget the horrors that Fascist matter. stand and appreciate the serious damage nazism perpetrated on a whole race of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there done by a release of this nature, which ex human beings in the torture and death objection to the request of the gentle amines only the statistics of one element of camps of Adolf H!tler. This awful rec woman from New York? a large subject and, therefore, is neither ac ord of man's inhumanity to man should · There was no objection. curate nor helpful to the position of the be writ in marble so we- who now live free world in the cold war. Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON. Mr. Ever sincerely, and those younger folk whose world is to Speaker, the other day, an irate Ameri OLIVER P. BOLTON. come will so order our Government, so can brought to my attention a recent conduct our personal affairs, and so release of the Department of Agriculture. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, fashion our individual and collective When I read it, I shared his reaction, Washington, April 3, 1963. political philosophy that such terrible and have asked for this time to bring the Bad weather in 1962 cut agricultural pro totalitarianism will never rise again. matter to the attention of the House. duction in U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe: Time fades memory. Of these horrors In order to save time, I enclose, for the The Soviet Union and her East European we must never forget. The obsession of RECORD, the release of the Department satellites, plagued by bad weather, experi racial superiority that was Hitler's is a and· my letter to the Secretary of Agri enced another disappointing agricultural curse and invention of the devil incar year in 1962, according to a recent report by culture expressing my reaction to it. the U.S. Department of Agriculture.. nate. This is proved by the documents APRn. 11, 1963. Winter crops for 1962 harvest were dam now being found portraying the absolute Hon. Oavn.LE L. FREEMAN, aged by drought in the !all of 1961, and hell of gas chambers and crematoriums The Secretary of Agriculture, spring field work was delayed by cool, wet gassing and burning 8,000 to 12',000 hu Washington, D.O. weather in East Germany, Poland, and the man souls each day. DEAR MR. SECRETARY: This is with refer central and northwestern regions of Euro Today in 1963 the West. should note ence to the press release of the U .s. Depart pean U.S.S.R. Crops in the Danubian coun ment of Agriculture dated April 3, 1963, en well that the history of communism's tries, southern regions of European U.S.S.R. blood baths has not yet been fully told. titled "Bad Weather in 1962 cut Agricultural and the Soviet Union's new lands, were hit by Production in U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe." drought last summer. As the Kennedy administration gives us Being an official release of your Department, The report, by USDA's Economic Research a palicy of weakness, of compromise, of it can be presumed that this was widely dis Service, shows the poor agricultural year appeasement, of coexistence with com tributed not only within the United States aggravated food. shortages throughout East munism even in this hemisphere-which but was available to the foreign press, as well ern Europe. Shortages were especially acute is every bit as much evil as was nazism as to the controlled press behind the Iron in east Germany where meat and mllk pro under Hitler-let us J>onder well the CUrtain. It is not inconceivable to me that duction were reduced. it was also carried by the USIA abroad as story of Mr. Ascherson of the London Ob According to official Soviet statistics, ex server as it appears in today's American well as by information media throughout tremely poor growing conditions caused a the free world. 20 percent drop in potato production from press: The lead paragraph of that release read: 1961. Russia also suffered a drop in cotton FINDING OF JAR AT AuscHwrrz UNCOVERS AN "The Soviet Union and her East European production because the second dry winter in Acr OJ' HEae>isu: satemtes, plagued by bad weather, expe a row reduced the supply of irrigation water. (By Neal Ascherson) rienced another disappointing agricultural year in 1962, according to a recent report by Poland's overall agricultural output was LoNDON.-The discove~ of a small glass the U.S. Department of Agriculture." about 5 percent less than in the previous jar, buried under a handful of burned bone As I read this release, the entire theme of year and fruits, vegetables, butter, milk, and behind the crematorium sites at Auschwitz your Department's position seems to be that eggs. are in shorter supply this year, the re concentration camp, has revealed an act of the failures of Soviet agriculture were due to port shows. heroism. bad weather alone. Frankly, I was shocked In Czechoslovakia, the shortage of live The jar-originally 1of36--contained day to see a department of our Government in stock :feed :forced !armers to slaughter to-day statistics of the numbers gassed in effect offering substance to the argument cattle and other livestock. Auschwitz extermination cente1·s in occu which Premier Khrushchev uses to explain The corn crop in Yugoslavia was about 5 pied Poland during October 1944. away communism's !allure in agricultural percent above 19ffl but output of both barley The ·men who took these notes and buried production. and oats was about the same. Wheat pro them were one of the "Sonderkommando" You must know all too well that despite duction was about average, 5 percent less teams, themselves Jews, who searched the a land mass 2% times larger than the United than in 1961. luggage of each trainload of victims, strip- States, despite cropland 40 percent greater According to the report, total grain pro ·Ping their boc1ies of hair and valuables, burn than the United States, and despite the allo- duction in Hungary !ell for the third con- ing their corpses and burying the ashes. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6399 After 3 months, each "Sondkerkom coverage under the Federal Deposit In surance Corporation is one of which we mando" was itself gassed. surance Corporation from the present can be proud. I believe also that this In late 1944, however, the infiow of vic would be an appropriate time to look into tiins became so vast that the - Auschwitz $10,000 to $25,000. commanders allowed one experienced team Beginning with the Banking Act of the advisability of increasing the amount to survive for many months. 1933, the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor of insurance coverage under the FDIC. poration insured accounts-up to a max As we have seen the figure has changed PRECISE STATISTICS imum of $2,500 for each depositor. In a number of times since the original act This group buried precise statistics in tins and jars concealed in a site where human July of 1933 this figure was increased to of 1933. ash brought from the crematories was $5,000. In light of modern depositor trends, an dumped. The Banking Act of 1935 provided a increase in the present maximum would Members of this group wrote out a pre permanent plan of insurance, replacing be very helpful. The legislation I am in cise plan of where they had buried the sta a plan in the Banking Act of 1933 that troducing would amend the Federal De tistics. never came into force. The act of 1935 posit Insurance Act and title IV of the Later, the whole team rose against the continued the $5,000 coverage for each National Housing Act-relating to the Nazis, but after killing some SS men and blowing up one 'crematorium, they were over depositor, provided for an annual assess insurance of savings and loan accounts- powered, tortured, and executed. ment of one-twelfth of 1 percent of with respect to the amount of insurance The only surviving witness to the tins' deposits, and specified in more detail the which may be provided increasing from burial was a Pole named Henryk Porebski, supervisory responsibilities of the Cor $10,000 to $25,000 the maximum amount a prisoner employed as an electrician on the poration. These provisions were un of insurance. crematorium power circuits. But the docu changed for the next 15 years, a period ment describing where the containers had during which the chief legislative action been buried had vanished, and nobody be affecting the Corporation was provision HELP! lieved his story. After the war Porebski returned to the for retirement of the Corporation's orig Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, I ask camp, where he now works in the Auschwitz inal capital that had been provided by unanimous consent that the gentleman museum. He found that the whole area the Treasury and the Federal Reserve from Florida CMr. FASCELL] may ex where the tins had been buried had been banks. tend his remarks at this point in the disturbed by the gruesome "gold rush" that The Federal Deposit Insurance Act of RECORD and include extraneous matter. followed the camp's liberation. 1950 made a number of revisions in de The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there People from as far away as Cracow had posit insurance: The insurance limit was come to sieve the ash fields and debris for objection to the request of the gentleman money, jewelry, and gold tooth fillings and it raised to the present maximum of $10,000 from Illinois? seemed impossible that the tins would still for each depositor, provision was made There was no objection. be where they were buried. for an annual assessment credit to in Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, on Finally, Porebski convinced a woman who sured banks after allowance for Corpora March 13, 1963, I rose before the House had also been a prisoner that he was telling tion losses and expenses, and additional to draw attention to the conditions of the truth, a.nd she persuaded the authorities measures for dealing with failing banks substantial and persistent unemploy to make a search. were authorized. A 1960 statute pro ment existing in the district which I Two years ago, a digging team began to vided new methods for determining as represent. My statements were reported trench the site with the methods of scientific sessments, and increased the assessment arche,ology, impeded by the countless small on page 4109 of the CONGRESSIONAL REC possessions of the dead-from spoons to lip credit to insured banks from 60 percent- ORD of that date. I now wish to reiterate sticks-that were imbedded in the earth. under the 1950 act to 66% percent of the that such deplorable conditions exist not They kept a watch for patches of calcined assessment income remaining after de only because of the usual reasons for human bones, which Porebski said had been duction of Corporation losses and ex unemployment but are aggravated by the scattered by the "Sonderkommando" as penses. unusual economic distress and unem markers when they buried each tin. A total of 13,021 banks, or 86 percent ployment caused by the impact of ap JAR DISCOVERED of all banks in the United States, became proximately 150,000 refugees residing in Last summer, after periodic lapses in the insured when the insurance took effect on this area who have fied the tyranny and search, the glass jar was discovered. The January l, 1934. The proportion of oppression of Castro's Communist Cuba. contents ]:\ave only been deciphered, but they banks participating in Federal deposit Mr. Speaker, I am of the opinion, as~ give accurate data of the scale of executions insurance has increased each year; the have been since the passage of this act, when the death installation was working at 13,445 so insured on December 31, 1961, that the area which I represent should be maximum power. comprised 97 percent of the number, and eligible under the terms, the spirit, and Nazi records and the crematoria and gas held 98 percent of the deposits of all in the intent of the Area Redevelopment chambers themselves were destroyed by the Act, which was specifically adopted by S.S. before the camp was evacuated. corporated banks of deposit. So far, Polish authorities studying the At the end of 1961 there were 514 the Congress to alleviate conditions of papers found in the jar have not announced banks, of varied types, outside Federal substantial and persistent unemploy the figures of deaths that they record. They deposit insurance. Of this number, 195 ment in certain economically distressed will have to be checked against previous were mutual savings banks, 141 were in areas. estimates: those based on the number of corporated commercial banks operating In an effort to alleviate a situation so prison trains arriving in late 1944 calculate under the general banking codes of vari corrosive and deleterious to the eco that between 8,000 and 10,000 people ~ere ous States, 81 were unincorporated nomic future of Dade County, on March being gassed and cremated every 24 hours. banks, 52 were trust companies not regu 13, 1963, I introduced H.R. 4848 which No other containers were found, although larly engaged in deposit banking, 34 were the diggers went to search the whole area. goes one step further than the ad.IDin But Porebski's story has been justified, and industrial banks, 13 were banks of de istrative action which I have been call- the courage of the Jews of the "Sonderkom posit operating under various special ing for, for so long. Congress has here mando"-whose notes in the jar also de charters, and 8 were branches of banks tofore, at my request, recognized the scribed what happened within the gassing chartered in foreign countries which are problem of the Cuban refugees as one block where they worked~an be properly included in the statistics of banks be for national concern. This House, and honored. cause they are engaged in deposit bank I am grateful to each one of my col ing in the United States. The unincor leagues, and this Congress have approved INCREASE FROM $10,000 TO $25,000 porated banks, the trust companies not the authorizations and the appropria COVERAGE FOR DEPOSITORS BY regularly engaged in banking and the tions for Health, Education,_and Wel branches in the United States of banks fare and other costs for the care of the THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSUR chartered in foreign countries are not Cuban refugees. Without this program, ANCE CORPORATION eligible for Federal deposit insurance. the whole cost would fall on local re The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under During the period 1934-61 the FDIC sources which are already strained to the previous order of the House, the gentle made disbursements to protect depositors limit. I am now, today, again calling, man from New York CMr. HALPERN] is in 445 failing banks. These banks had urging, and requesting the sympathetic recognized for 10 minutes. about 1,460,000 depositors and total de and favorable consideration of my col Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, I intro posits of $611 million. leagues in this legislative body to con duce today for appropriate reference a Mr. Speaker, I believe that . the tinue their recognition of the impact and b111 to increase the amount of insurance existing record of the Federal Deposit In- economic distress caused by the residence 6400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_. HOUSE April 11 of approximately 150,000 refugees in the matter how willing the local citizens nor But, Mr. Speaker,, I . submit that the district which l represent, and the ad how desirable such ·a . solution might be. American citizens who are direetly af joining one, as still of national. concern. I thereupon immediately urged recogni feeted as a result of this Policy, arid. who I call the problem again to the attention tion of the existence of the Cuban refu are the citizens of the district I repre of this House because the problem has gees and the problems caused thereby as sent, are entitled to consideration in ob not yet been completely resolved. Se being the primary responsibility of the taining whatever Federal assistance can vere unemployment still exists---almost Federal Government. be made available. 13 percent. There is considerable eco Two administrations and the Congress Today's problem, therefore. Mr. nomic distress. of the United States have generously Speaker, is to obtain additional unem Therefore, Mr. Speaker, my bill would responded to my requests to assist the ployment and economfo benefits for the provide an additional criteria for eligi people of the district which I represent American citizens in Florida's Fourth bility under Public Law 87-27, the Area in dealing with the problems, economic District, which I represent, who are with Redevelopment Act. This additional and otherwise, created by the Cuban out jobs and who are otherwise econom criteria would provide benefits to those refugees. ically distressed. My bill, Mr. Speaker, areas wherein 50,000 -or more Cuban Today I must again ask my colleagues would seek to provide employment op refugees have resided for 1 of the 2 pre and advise the Nation that the people of portunities by making the area which ceding calendar years. Such a fact Florida's Fourth District are in need of I represent eligible for benefits under the would be certified by the Secretary of additional assistance as a result of ap Area Redevelopment Act. proximately 150,000 Cuban refugees still Health, Education, and Welfare, who ad Mr. Speaker, I, of course ~ do not imply ministers the Cuban refugee program, to residing in our midst. This has caused tremendous economic pressure since the that no assistance has been rendered to the Secretary of Commerce, who admin the citizens of the district which I rep isters the area redevelopment program. refugees, very naturally, have tried to obtain and have been successful in ob resent. I strongly supported this ad Under the bill we would also retain the ministration's program, now known as criteria that the Secretary of Labor must taining employment. Much of this em ployment has been at reduced wages, Public Law 87-658, the Public Works determine and certify to the Secretary Acceleration Act. of Commerce that a condition of sub tending to depress the labor market. stantial unemployment has existed for Every refugee so employed has displaced Just yesterday, I arose in support of the last 9 of the preceding 12 calendar an American normally employed so that the amendment which would restore to months, which is a requirement now car in addition to many thousands of refu the supplemental appropriations bill for ried in the present public works accelera gees who are unemployed, there are 1963 the full amount of the budget re tion law. many thousands of Americans also un quest to finance additional projects un The exact language of the bill is as employed. der the provisions of the Public Works Acceleration Act. My remarks on this follows: The U.S. Department of Labor had long ago determined that there were a subject appeared in yesterday's CON A blll to amend section 5 of the Area GRESSIONAL RECORD. Redevelopment Act to provide that certain sufficient number of unemployed Ameri areas within the United states having a can citizens so as to qualify Dade County Because of the unemployment situa large number of Cuban refugees shall be as a class D labor surplus market area. tion, the district which I represent has designated a.s redevelopment areas However, we have not been certified for been certified as eligible to receive as Be it enacted by the Senate and House assistance under Public Law 87-27, the sistance under the Public Works Accel of Representatives of the United States of Area Redevelopment Act specifically eration Act. Under this act we have America in Congress assembled, That sub adopted by this body to alleviate condi thus far obtained several million .dollars section (a) of section 5 of the Area Re tions of substantial and persistent un in approved programs. . Under this act, development Act (42 U.S.C. 2504) is amended' employment in economically distressed which requires local participation, the by ad.ding at the end thereof the following areas. district which I represent will secure new sentence: "The Secretary shall also designate as 'red.e'1elopment areas' those Mr. Speaker, since the fall of 1962 I approximately 5,600 additional man areas within the United States where the have repeatedly requested the Depart months or 980,700 man-hours of em Secretary of Labor determines that a condi ment of Labor to certify that the unem ployment. As long as the unemploy tion of substantial unemployment has p.loyment condition in the district which ment and economic distress exist in the existed for at least nine of the preceding I represent is sufficient to qualify the district which I represent., we shall con twelve calendar months, and the Secretary ot area under the Redevelopment Act. tinue to request assistance- and urge fa Health, Education, and Welfare certifies to This has not yet been accomplished for vorable consideration for approved proj the Secretary that the number of Cuban a variety of reasons. Whatever the rea ects under this very worthy program. :refugees residing in such areas has equaled son, the point is that we have not yet 50,000 or more !or one of the two preceding However, Mr. Speaker, the- economic calendar years." been so certified so as to be eligible for distress and unemployment in the Miami the employment and economic benefits area arises not only from the_ usual Florida's distinguished Senators, the which would be available to us under the sourcesr but also because of the tremen Honorable SPESSARD L. HOLLAND and the Area Redevelopment Act. dous number of refugees who are resid Honorable GEORGE A. SMATHERS, jointly The economic situation in Dade ing therein. Whether the refugee is em introduced S. 1257 embodying the same County is distressing. Total unemploy ployed or unemployed, his presence con provisions. My respected colleague, the ment, both American and Cuban, is fan tributes directly to the economic distress Honorable CLAUDE PEPPER, representing tastically high. Citizens and refugees and high unemployment of American Florida's Third Congressional District, are in open competition for a limited citizens. It is this factor which my bill introduced a similar bill, H.R. 5232, pro number of jobs. Wages have tended to deals with. It is because of the persist viding the same criteria together with become depressed. Feelings are running ence of these unusual factors that I needed additional authorization, which high. The laboring classes, and par have sought relief under Public Law 87- I fully support. ticularly the Negro, have felt the brunt 27, the Area Redevelopment Act. Mr. Speaker, since the Castro Com of this distress. I have also long sought relief under munist Government of Cuba has en Mr. Speaker, the foreign policy of the this law by administrative determination slaved the people of that unhappy coun United States is one of long standing and under existing criteria. Since the middle try, it is authoritatively estimated that great tradition-down through history of. last year, I have requested and urged 200,000 persons have escaped the tyran we are known as a sure haven from per repeatedly that in the criteria determi ny and oppression existing there and secution and the upholders of individual nation for Area Redevelopment Act eli sought refuge in the United States. rights and freedom. But it. is this very gibility, all unemployed shall be con The bulk of these people are in the foreign policy, in action, which has per sidered regardless of whether they are Miami area. Despite the generous as mitted these refugees-mothers, fathers, Americans or refugees. While the De sistance of the Catholic church and wives, and children-to escape tyranny,. partment has had this matter ·before it others,. our local citizens, individually,, fear, and death and to seek refuge and all these many months, it has not yet local governments and many voluntary security in the United States. been resolved. agencies-it soon became obvious that · I have no quarrel with this policy nor .on.March 13, 1963, I directed letters to the needs of thes.e ref\J.gees could not does the overwhelming · majority of the the Secretaries of Health, Education, and be met solely out of local resources, no people in the district which I represent. Welfare; Labor, and Commerce urging 1963 'CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD - HOUSE MOl that immediate action be taken on this situation a.rising from the presence of: · the · Whereas thtS l·arge nuniber of refugees who problem. I now report to you that I have large number of Cuban refugees in the Miami continue to flee from the tyrannical and area. · oppressive conditions of the communistic received the following responses to my . Let me assure you that we will act just as government of CUba to seek a haven in a. letters: soon as the data to be provided by the Secre democratic country where human rights and THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, tary of Labor becomes avail~ble. I under dignity are recognized supreme; and WasMngton, D.C., March 19, 1963. stand that the promised survey is underway Whereas it has become obvious that the Hon. DANTE B. FASCELL, and that we can expect results within weeks. needs of these refugees who, through no fault House of Representativea, We have the personal assurances of oftlciala of their own, have become a burden on cer Washington, D.C. of the Department of Labor that they are tain local areas of this State and that the DEAR Ma. FASCELL: This will acknowledge actively pressing the investigation. local resources and facil1ties of these areas your letter of March 13, 1963, regarding the Mr. Batt also informed me of recent have been taxed beyond their capacities; and eligibility of Dade County for area redevel special legislation that you have introduced Whereas the education of Cuban refugee opment assistance. on this matter. I am certain that through children is now pressing hard on the educa It is my understanding that the Depart our coxnmon efforts we can ftnd a reasonable tional funds and fac111ties provided by the ment of Labor is now engaged in making solution to the unusual situation in Miami. State of Florida, and the necessary survey to determine whether Sincerely yours, Whereas the present existence of this large unemployment in the area, including the LUTHER H. HODGES, number of Cuban refugees has already placed special situation created by the lnfiux of Secretary of Commerce. tremendous and herculean economic burdens Cuban exiles, qualifies the area for assistance upon the local residents and the local gov under the standards of the enabling act. Mr. Speaker, I am extremely pleased ernments of these areas in that the local Top oftlcials from ARA and the Department to report today that hearings were con labor market has been drastically affected to of Labor have been meeting in Miami this ducted before the Banking and Currency the detriment of the permanent working week with local oftlcials in order to expedite Committee on April 9 in support of the population; and this determination, and we should have the proposed legislation to amend the Area Whereas many of these local residents are results very soon. Redevelopment Act. being displaced from their Tegular employ I appreciate your calling this to my atten ment and thus becoming an additional eco tion and understand your interest. You will At that time corroborating testimony nomic burden to the local welfare bureau and be promptly advised of any further develop to existent conditions in Dade County in many instances causing the permanent ments. was given by the Honorable Robert King residents in these areas to become a bur With cordial regards, I am, High, mayor of the city of Miami, Fla.; den on their friends and relatives; and Sincerely yours, the Honorable Joseph A. Boyd, Jr., Whereas the charitable organizations in . . LUTHER H. HODGES, chairman of the Board of County Com these areas have also had placed on them Secretary of Commerce. missioners of Dade County, Fla.; Mr. W. an unduly heavy economic burden arising J. Owens, president of the Dade County as a result of the tremendous influx of Cu THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH, Federation of Labor; the Honorable Ar ban refugees which has strained their re EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, thur Patten, Jr., county commissioner of sources to the breaking point; and Washington, March 2~, 1963. Whereas lt has become obvious that the Dade County; and the following Repre needs of these refugees cannot be met from Hon. DANTE B. FAscELL, sentatives to the Florida State Legisla House of Bepresentatives, local resources and facilities which have Washington, D .C. ture from Dade County: the Honorable been substantially depleted; and DEAR Ma. FASCELL: This is in reply to your Leo Furlong, the Honorable Richard Whereas regardless of previous measures request that I "certify" to the Secretary of Pettigrew, the Honorable Maxine Baker, to alleviate this burdensome problem, the Labor and the Secretary of Commerce the the Honorable Lee Weissenborn, and Mr. continued increase in the numbers of refu number of CUban refugees residing in Dade John Frederick Thomas, director of the gees to be found in the Dade County area, County. which is the major port of entry for these Cuban refugee program welfare, De helpless and unfortunate refugees, due to There are two figures on Cuban refugees partment of Health, Education, and about which we ca.n be certain: the number the existing policy of the U.S. Government, o! refugees registered at the Miami Center Welfare. and and the number relocated with our assist Also in attendance to lend his support Whereas there is the ever-present danger ance. was the Honorable Irving G. McNayr, that the problems created by this tremen On March 8, 1963, these figures were, re county manager of Metropolitan Dade dous infiux of Cuban refugees may spread to .spectively: 161,151 and 56,452. This leaves County. other areas of Florida and aggravate their 104,699 refugees registered. ·but not resettled Testifying in absentia by the submis problems: and through the assistance program. sion of statements were the Honorable Whereas this tremendous problem must be While we are quite sure that the Depart immediately alleviated in order to prevent ment of Labor has these :figures since the Charles R. Hadley, chairman of the Citi irreparable harm, both to the economic and U.S. Employment Service 1s associated. with zens Committee of Dade County, and Mr. social well-being of the citizens of this us, both 1n Washington and Miami, in as John B. Turner, president of the Miami State; and sisting CUban refugees, we are immediately Dade County Chamber of Commerce. Whereas these helpless and unfortunate communicating them to Secretary Wirtz and Unable to be present but represented Cuban refugees and local residents who have to Secretary Hodges. by a telegram of support was Florida's been displaced from their places of employ OUr information is necessarily limited to ment because of these problems in these lo State representative, the Honorable Mary cal areas, now have more than doubled in figures on refugees who have registered with Ann us and who have been resettled through our MacKenzie, from Dade County. number the unemployment in these local program. We, therefore, do not have any Showing the unanimity of support for areas and have brought the unemployment figures on the number of Cuban refugees immediate legislative action, House situation in these areas to a critical stage; who ha"e resettled from Miami without our Memorial 229 was received from the and assistance or on the number of refugees who Florida State Legislature, to wit: Whereas there is pending legislation in the Congress of the United States with a defi may be living in Miami that have not regis HOUSE MEMORIAL 229 tered with us. nite purpose to alleviate the acute eco If we can be of further assistance we shall Memorial to the Congress of the United nomic and social problems caused in these be pleased to do so. States to more fully recognize that the im local areas by Cuban refugees fleeing the pact of approximately 150,000 CUban ref tyrannical and oppressive pressure of the Sincerely, ugees has created a substantial and per ANTHONY J. CELEBREZZE, communistic government of Cuba: Now, sistent unemployment and social problem, therefore, be it Secretary. which haa and does exist in the heaVily Resolved by the Legislature of the State populated Dade County area and that tur of Florida, That the Congress of the Unit THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, ther and immediate action must be taken ed States be and it is hereby respectfully Washington, D.C., April 9, 1969. and prompt remedies be found to alleviate urged and requested to give full recog Hon. DANTE B. FASCELL, the harmful conditions that do now exist nition to the fact that the Cuban refugee House of Representatives, and will continue to exist and become problem in this State is primarily the re Washington, D.C. acute with the continuous heavy infiux of sponsibility of the Federal Government and DEAR CONGRESSMAN FASCELL: I have been these refugees a.mong the residents of this of national concern and ask that additional informed that Area Redevelopment A refugees from Communist tyranny; be it to provide effective medical care for our In recent ye_ars, the ~ Buffalo chamber further senior citizens. has sponso~ed five foreign trade missions . .Resolved, That copies of this memorial be dispatched. to the President of the United The provisions of this bill are too well Its sixth trade mission-a 2-week tour States; to the President of the U.S. Sen known to necessitate a further explana of the Orient--will be undertaken from ate; to the Speaker of the House of Repre tion at this time. However, it is im April 26 to May 12 of this year. The sentatives of the United States; to the Sec i>ossible to overstress the great need itinerary for this trip contains a listing retary of Commerce of the United States; which exists for the prompt enactment of meaningful and advantageous travel to the Secretary of Labor of the United of this legislation. stops for the American businessman. States; to the Secretary of Health, Educa There are now approximately 17.5 Tokyo, the Fifth Tokyo International tion, ar-d Welfare of the United States; and million people in this country who are to each member of the Florida congres Trade Fair, Nagoya, Osaka, and Hong sional delegation. age 65 or over. With few exceptions, Kong will be visited. En route the group these persons lack adequate health pro will meet with outstanding Japanese SUPPorting statements and/or formal tection and are unable to pay for it. representatives of their respective busi resolutions supporting the request for the These senior citizens have great need ness and professional fields. Mindful of extension of ARA assistance to Dade for health protection since their medi the recent trade liberalization in Japan, County were submitted by the Honorable cal expenses are 2 ~ times greater than plus the fontinuing rise in its standard Farris Bryant, Governor of the State of those of younger people while their in of living, the American businessman can Florida; City Council of Miami Beach; comes are only half as large. look to an increased market for his con South Dade Council of Miami-Dade Approximately 90 percent of those who sumer goods in Japan. Chamber of Commerce; the county com reach 65 will have to be hospitalized at The rapid development of this Japa missioners of Dade County, Fla.; City least once during the remainder of their nese consumer market is opening up sub Council of City of North Miami Beach; lifetimes. A large number of these per stantial new opportunities for U.S. ex Dade County League of Municipalities; sons will require two periods of hos porters. Japanese consumers are greatly North Miami Beach Chamber of Com pitalization, and many will require three interested in American-made products merce; and the City Council of Miami or more hospital stays. and, in return, Japan is also exPorting Springs. The expenses incurred by such periods to the United States a growing volume In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I wish to of illness can often wipe out a person's of all kinds of machinery and technologi reiterate my previous remarks that for life ·savings which· frequently makes it cal equipment. many years now the people of the district necessary for such a person to look to Reservations for this mission have which I represent have willingly, cou his children or other relatives for help. been received from area representatives rageously, and generously borne the Since those who are asked for assistance in the fields of advertising and public brunt of the problems brought about by often have families of their own to raise, relations, banking, electrical design and the approximately 150,000 non-American the dual burden of helping the older per contracting, cast iron manufacturing, refugees living and working with us. We son and caring for their own families municipal fire apparatus, hospitalization have been and are proud of the part is greater than they can reasonably bear. insurance and service organizations. which we have been called upon to play Pensions and current social security Representatives of these companies in in the longstanding humane concepts of benefits may help an older person to clude Mr. Baldwin Maull, president di a free society, indicating to the refugees meet his day-to-day expenses, but such rector, Marine Midland Corp.; Mr. Les and to the world, proof of its concern payments cannot even come close to ter W. Young, president owner, Young for the dignity and the worth of an taking care of the cost of prolonged Fire Equipment Corp.; Mr. Edmund J. individual. This principle, among oth major illnesses. Felt, president, the Moss-Chase Co.