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Representation of Minorities in the Media: UK. Final Analysis Report This is a repository copy of Representation of Minorities in the Media: UK. Final analysis report. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/143385/ Version: Draft Version Monograph: Firmstone, J orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-7585, Georgiou, M, Husband, C et al. (2 more authors) Representation of Minorities in the Media: UK. Final analysis report. Report. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ FRA REPRESENTATION OF MINORITIES IN THE MEDIA: UK FINAL ANALYSIS REPORT UK TEAM Authors: Julie Firmstone (University of Leeds), Myria Georgiou (University of Leeds), Charles Husband (University of Bradford), Milena Marinkova (University of Leeds) and Fabro Steibel (University of Leeds). 1 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................4 1.1. Key policy implications ...............................................................................................5 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................8 2.1. Background of the study and the study team .............................................................8 2.2. The context of contemporary British ethnic relations ............................................... 10 2.2.1. A Brief Historical Context ................................................................................................ 10 2.2.2. A Continuity of Policy: ..................................................................................................... 12 2.2.3. The new racism and the emerging fragility of multiculturalism: ....................................... 14 2.2.4. Social transformations and the platform for intergroup competition: ............................... 16 2.2.5. Social Stress, the ‘War on Terror’ and Social Cohesion: ................................................ 17 2.2.6. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 20 2.3. British media landscape: a context .......................................................................... 20 2.3.1. The National press in the UK: structure, circulation, and readership. ............................. 20 2.3.2. Partisanship .................................................................................................................... 22 2.3.3. The Daily Telegraph ........................................................................................................ 23 2.3.4. News Corporation ........................................................................................................... 23 2.3.5. Scott Trust – Guardian Media Group .............................................................................. 24 2.3.6. UK newspapers ............................................................................................................... 25 2.3.7. Trinity Mirror PLC ............................................................................................................ 25 2.4. Events and politics during the periods of data collection .......................................... 26 2.5. Methodological remarks ........................................................................................... 31 3. ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................... 34 4. ANALYSIS PART I – NEWSPAPER STRUCTURE AND OVERALL CONNOTATION OF ARTICLES ................................................................................................................................ 34 4.1.1. Overview Information ...................................................................................................... 35 4.1.2. Text Genre and Size ....................................................................................................... 37 4.1.3. What do the British papers write about and how ............................................................. 39 4.1.4. Overall Appraisal ............................................................................................................. 40 4.1.5. Analysis of Pictures ......................................................................................................... 42 4.2. Illustration of pictures ............................................................................................... 44 4.2.1. Positive connotation ........................................................................................................ 44 4.2.2. Negative connotation ...................................................................................................... 46 4.2.3. Ambiguous connotation ................................................................................................... 47 4.2.4. Neutral............................................................................................................................. 48 4.2.5. Cases to discuss: implicit mentions to minority groups ................................................... 49 5. ANALYSIS PART II – THE REPRESENTATION OF MIGRANTS AND MINORITIES .... 50 5.1.1. Analysis of headlines (includes analysis of groups and other relevant categories) ......... 50 5.1.2. Analysis of references (analysis of speakers, other actors and other relevant categories) 52 5.1.3. Gender ............................................................................................................................ 56 5.2. Who are the Speakers? ........................................................................................... 56 5.2.1. General Group ................................................................................................................ 56 5.2.2. Specific Group ................................................................................................................. 58 5.3. Other actors: ............................................................................................................ 62 5.3.1. General group ................................................................................................................. 62 5.3.2. Specific group ................................................................................................................. 64 5.4. Additional analysis ................................................................................................... 70 5.4.1. Lack of minority visibility .................................................................................................. 70 5.4.2. Significance of newspapers’ political orientation ............................................................. 70 5.4.3. Immigration ..................................................................................................................... 70 2 5.4.4. Muslims ........................................................................................................................... 74 5.4.5. Terrorism ......................................................................................................................... 76 6. ANALYSIS PART III - TERMINOLOGY ........................................................................... 79 6.1. Discussion of terminology ........................................................................................ 80 6.1.1. Muslims ........................................................................................................................... 81 6.1.2. Immigrants ...................................................................................................................... 83 6.1.3. Blacks.............................................................................................................................. 87 7. ANALYSIS PART IV – THE REPRESENTATION OF RACISM, MIGRATION AND DIVERSITY ISSUES ................................................................................................................. 91 7.1. Analysis of headlines (analysis of minority issues and other relevant categories) ... 91 7.1.1. What Minority Issues appear on the Headlines ............................................................... 92 7.1.2. Minority issues in relevant article headlines .................................................................... 95 7.1.3. Analysis of references (analysis of minority issues and other relevant categories) ........ 98 7.1.4. Appraisal ......................................................................................................................... 99 7.1.5. First appearance ........................................................................................................... 103 7.1.6. The National and the International Domain ................................................................... 105 7.1.7. Anti-racist politics .........................................................................................................
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