Classification of Joints with Examples
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Synovial Joints Permit Movements of the Skeleton
8 Joints Lecture Presentation by Lori Garrett © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Section 1: Joint Structure and Movement Learning Outcomes 8.1 Contrast the major categories of joints, and explain the relationship between structure and function for each category. 8.2 Describe the basic structure of a synovial joint, and describe common accessory structures and their functions. 8.3 Describe how the anatomical and functional properties of synovial joints permit movements of the skeleton. © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Section 1: Joint Structure and Movement Learning Outcomes (continued) 8.4 Describe flexion/extension, abduction/ adduction, and circumduction movements of the skeleton. 8.5 Describe rotational and special movements of the skeleton. © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Module 8.1: Joints are classified according to structure and movement Joints, or articulations . Locations where two or more bones meet . Only points at which movements of bones can occur • Joints allow mobility while preserving bone strength • Amount of movement allowed is determined by anatomical structure . Categorized • Functionally by amount of motion allowed, or range of motion (ROM) • Structurally by anatomical organization © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Module 8.1: Joint classification Functional classification of joints . Synarthrosis (syn-, together + arthrosis, joint) • No movement allowed • Extremely strong . Amphiarthrosis (amphi-, on both sides) • Little movement allowed (more than synarthrosis) • Much stronger than diarthrosis • Articulating bones connected by collagen fibers or cartilage . Diarthrosis (dia-, through) • Freely movable © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Module 8.1: Joint classification Structural classification of joints . Fibrous • Suture (sutura, a sewing together) – Synarthrotic joint connected by dense fibrous connective tissue – Located between bones of the skull • Gomphosis (gomphos, bolt) – Synarthrotic joint binding teeth to bony sockets in maxillae and mandible © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. -
Module 6 : Anatomy of the Joints
Module 6 : Anatomy of the Joints In this module you will learn: About the classification of joints What synovial joints are and how they work Where the hinge joints are located and their functions Examples of gliding joints and how they work About the saddle joint and its function 6.1 Introduction The body has a need for strength and movement, which is why we are rigid. If our bodies were not made this way, then movement would be impossible. We are designed to grow with bones, tendons, ligaments, and joints that all play a part in natural movements known as articulations – these strong connections join up bones, teeth, and cartilage. Each joint in our body makes these links possible and each joint performs a specific job – many of them differ in shape and structure, but all control a range of motion between the body parts that they connect. 6.2 Classifying Joints Joints that do not allow movement are known as synarthrosis joints. Examples of synarthroses are sutures of the skull, and the gomphoses which connect our teeth to the skull. Amphiarthrosis joints allow a small range of movement, an example of this is your intervertebral discs attached to the spine. Another example is the pubic symphysis in your hip region. The freely moving joints are classified as diarthrosis joints. These have a higher range of motion than any other type of joint, they include knees, elbows, shoulders, and wrists. Joints can also be classified depending on the kind of material each one is structurally made up of. A fibrous joint is made up of tough collagen fiber, examples of this are previously mentioned sutures of the skull or the syndesmosis joint, which holds the ulna and radius of your forearm in place. -
Latin Language and Medical Terminology
ODESSA NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Department of foreign languages Latin Language and medical terminology TextbookONMedU for 1st year students of medicine and dentistry Odessa 2018 Authors: Liubov Netrebchuk, Tamara Skuratova, Liubov Morar, Anastasiya Tsiba, Yelena Chaika ONMedU This manual is meant for foreign students studying the course “Latin and Medical Terminology” at Medical Faculty and Dentistry Faculty (the language of instruction: English). 3 Preface Textbook “Latin and Medical Terminology” is designed to be a comprehensive textbook covering the entire curriculum for medical students in this subject. The course “Latin and Medical Terminology” is a two-semester course that introduces students to the Latin and Greek medical terms that are commonly used in Medicine. The aim of the two-semester course is to achieve an active command of basic grammatical phenomena and rules with a special stress on the system of the language and on the specific character of medical terminology and promote further work with it. The textbook consists of three basic parts: 1. Anatomical Terminology: The primary rank is for anatomical nomenclature whose international version remains Latin in the full extent. Anatomical nomenclature is produced on base of the Latin language. Latin as a dead language does not develop and does not belong to any country or nation. It has a number of advantages that classical languages offer, its constancy, international character and neutrality. 2. Clinical Terminology: Clinical terminology represents a very interesting part of the Latin language. Many clinical terms came to English from Latin and people are used to their meanings and do not consider about their origin. -
1. Synarthrosis - Immovable
jAnatomy Lecture Notes Chapter 9 I. classification A. by function - 1. synarthrosis - immovable 2. amphiarthrosis - slightly movable 3. diarthrosis - freely movable B. by structure - material attaching bones together 1. fibrous -.dense c.t., no joint cavity a. suture - very thin, short fibers synostosis - ossification of fibrous c.t. in a suture joint b. syndesmosis - ligament (the longer the fibers the more movement is possible) c. gomphosis - periodontal ligament holds teeth in alveoli 2. cartilaginous - cartilage, no joint cavity a. synchondrosis - hyaline cartilage b. symphysis - fibrocartilage 3. synovial - joint capsule and ligaments II. structure of a synovial joint A. bone and articular cartilage (hyaline) • articular cartilage cushions bone ends by absorbing compression stress Strong/Fall 2008 page 1 jAnatomy Lecture Notes Chapter 9 B. articular capsule 1. fibrous capsule - dense irregular c.t.; holds bones together 2. synovial membrane - areolar c.t. with some simple squamous e.; makes synovial fluid C. joint cavity and synovial fluid 1. synovial fluid consists of: • fluid that is filtered from capillaries in the synovial membrane • glycoprotein molecules that are made by fibroblasts in the synovial membrane 2. fluid lubricates surface of bones inside joint capsule D. ligaments - made of dense fibrous c.t.; strengthen joint • capsular • extracapsular • intracapsular E. articular disc / meniscus - made of fibrocartilage; improves fit between articulating bones F. bursae - membrane sac enclosing synovial fluid found around some joints; cushion ligaments, muscles, tendons, skin, bones G. tendon sheath - elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon Strong/Fall 2008 page 2 jAnatomy Lecture Notes Chapter 9 III. movements at joints flexion extension abduction adduction circumduction rotation inversion eversion protraction retraction supination pronation elevation depression opposition dorsiflexion plantar flexion gliding Strong/Fall 2008 page 3 jAnatomy Lecture Notes Chapter 9 IV. -
Gen Anat-Joints
JOINTS Joint is a junction between two or more bones Classification •Functional Based on the range and type of movement they permit •Structural On the basis of their anatomic structure Functional Classification • Synarthrosis No movement e.g. Fibrous joint • Amphiarthrosis Slight movement e.g. Cartilagenous joint • Diarthrosis Movement present Cavity present Also called as Synovial joint eg.shoulder joint Structural Classification Based on type of connective tissue binding the two adjacent articulating bones Presence or absence of synovial cavity in between the articulating bone • Fibrous • Cartilagenous • Synovial Fibrous Joint Bones are connected to each other by fibrous (connective ) tissue No movement No synovial cavity • Suture • Syndesmosis • Gomphosis Sutural Joints • A thin layer of dens fibrous tissue binds the adjacent bones • These appear between the bones which ossify in membrane • Present between the bones of skull e.g . coronal suture, sagittal suture • Schindylesis: – rigid bone fits in to a groove on a neighbouring bone e.g. Vomer and sphenoid Gomphosis • Peg and socket variety • Cone shaped root of tooth fits in to a socket of jaw • Immovable • Root is attached to the socket by fibrous tissue (periodontal ligament). Syndesmosis • Bony surfaces are bound together by interosseous ligament or membrane • Membrane permits slight movement • Functionally classified as amphiarthrosis e.g. inferior tibiofibular joint Cartilaginous joint • Bones are held together by cartilage • Absence of synovial cavity . Synchondrosis . Symphysis Synchondrosis • Primary cartilaginous joint • Connecting material between two bones is hyaline cartilage • Temporary joint • Immovable joint • After a certain age cartilage is replaced by bone (synostosis) • e.g. Epiphyseal plate connecting epiphysis and diphysis of a long bone, joint between basi-occiput and basi-sphenoid Symphysis • Secondary cartilaginous joint (fibrocartilaginous joint) • Permanent joint • Occur in median plane of the body • Slightly movable • e.g. -
2020 Health Science Core
Title 7: Education K-12 Part 57: Mississippi Secondary Curriculum Frameworks in Career and Technical Education, Health Science, Health Science Core Mississippi Secondary Curriculum Frameworks in Career and Technical Education, Health Science 2020 Health Science C o r e Program CIP: 51.00000 – Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General Direct inquiries to Instructional Design Specialist Program Coordinator Research and Curriculum Unit Office of Career and Technical Education P.O. Drawer DX Mississippi Department of Education Mississippi State, MS 39762 P.O. Box 771 662.325.2510 Jackson, MS 39205 601.359.3974 Published by Office of Career and Technical Education Research and Curriculum Unit Mississippi Department of Education Mississippi State University Jackson, MS 39205 Mississippi State, MS 39762 The Research and Curriculum Unit (RCU), located in Starkville, as part of Mississippi State University (MSU), was established to foster educational enhancements and innovations. In keeping with the land-grant mission of MSU, the RCU is dedicated to improving the quality of life for Mississippians. The RCU enhances intellectual and professional development of Mississippi students and educators while applying knowledge and educational research to the lives of the people of the state. The RCU works within the contexts of curriculum development and revision, research, assessment, professional development, and industrial training. 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... -
Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Intervention to the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint for a Marathon Runner with Lateral Knee Pain
Case Report Clinical Case Reports International Published: 19 Dec, 2017 Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Intervention to the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint for a Marathon Runner with Lateral Knee Pain Steven Jackson1* and Sarah Macrowski2 1Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orange Park Medical Center, USA 2Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Houston Methodist Orthopedics &Sports Medicine, USA Abstract Background & Purpose: The knee is the most common site of injury in running athletes. An often overlooked contributor to lateral knee pain is the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint (PTFJ). There is a paucity of literature regarding physical therapy management of those with PTFJ dysfunction. The purpose of this case study is to report the physical therapy management for a patient with lateral knee pain. Case Description: A 26-year-old female marathon runner presented with right lateral knee pain after slipping on ice while running. The patient presented with difficulty running, squatting, descending stairs, sitting greater than 30 minutes, and walking on uneven surfaces. After two weeks of rest, foam rolling, and hip abductor strengthening, the patient had reduced pain with all functional activities, but was still unable to run without pain. Oscillatory Grade III anterior to posterior mobilizations were performed to the PTFJ. Following this addition to her plan of care, the patient was able to return to running pain free. Discussion: When examining a patient with lateral knee pain, the PTFJ should be considered in the differential diagnosis as a source of pain and the mechanisms regarding manual therapy-induced hypoalgesia. OPEN ACCESS Background and Purpose *Correspondence: Steven Jackson, Department of The knee is the most common site of injury in running athletes, with a prevalence of 42.1% [1]. -
Connections of Bones
Connections of bones Reinitz László Z. Arthrologia generales- general arthrology Classification based on the freedom of movement • Synarthrosis [Articulationes fibrosae] • limited movement, connection through connective tissue • Amphiarthrosis • limited movement • narrow articular gap • may be through cartilage or ligaments • art. carpometacarpea • Diarthrosis – [Articulationes synoviales] • unlimited movement • (Synsarcosis) • connection via muscles Synarthrosis [Articulationes fibrosae] • No joint gap • Synostosis - ossification • Ru McIII-IV. • Gomphosis – penetration • alveolus-tooth • Suturae - suture • Sutura serrata – saw suture • Ossa parietalia • Sutura foliata – leaf suture • Sutura frontonasalis • Sutura squamosa –squamosal suture • Sutura squamosofrontalis • Sutura plana – flat suture • Sutura internasalis • Syndesmosis – through connective tissue, ligament • Car: radius-ulna Amphiarthrosis [Articulationes cartilagineae] • minimal joint gap • able to move in every directions • but those are very limited • Art. carpometacarpea • Synchondrosis • hyalin cartilage • Art. sternocostalis • Symphysis • fibrous cartilage • Symphysis pelvis Diarthrosis [Articulationes synovialis] • Joint gap • Free movement • General description of joints [drawing] • [video] • Ligaments of joints • Ligg. Intracapsularia – part of the joint capsule • Ligg. Extracapsularia – outside the joint capsule • Ligg. Intercapsularia - within the joint cavity • If the surfaces do not match (incongruent surfaces) • Cartilage supplement • discus – separates the joint -
Functions of Joints (Articulations) • Form Functional Junctions Between Bones
Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Ninth Edition Marieb Hoehn Chapter 8 Joints Lecture 15 1 Lecture Overview • Functions of joints • Classification of joints • Types of joints • Types of joint movements • Some representative articulations 2 Functions of Joints (Articulations) • Form functional junctions between bones • Bind parts of skeletal system together • Make bone growth possible • Permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth • Enable body to move in response to skeletal muscle contraction A “joint” joins two bones or, parts of bones, together, regardless of ability of the bones to move around the joint 3 1 Some Useful Word Roots • Arthros – joint •Syn– together (immovable) •Dia– through, apart (freely moveable) • Amphi – on both sides (slightly moveable) Some Examples: Synarthrosis – An immovable joint Functional Amphiarthrosis – A slightly movable joint Classification (Very S-A-D) Diarthrosis – Freely movable joint What does the term ‘synostosis’ mean? 4 Classification of Joints How are the bones held together? How does the joint move? 3 answers 3 answers Structural Functional • Fibrous Joints • synarthrotic • dense connective tissues connect • immovable bones • amphiarthrotic • between bones in close contact • slightly movable • diarthrotic • Cartilaginous Joints • freely movable • hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage connect bones • Synovial Joints • most complex • allow free movement • have a cavity 5 Joint Classification Structural Classification of Joints FibrousCartilaginous Synovial (D) Gomphosis (S) -
Articulations: Synarthrosis and Amphiarthrosis
Articulations: Synarthrosis and Amphiarthrosis It's common to think of the skeletal system as being made up of only bones, and performing only the function of supporting the body. However, the skeletal system also contains other structures, and performs a variety of functions for the body. While the bones of the skeletal system are fascinating, it is our ability to move segments of the skeleton in relation to one another that allows us to move around. Each connection of bones is called an articulationor a joint. Articulations are classified based on material at the joint and the movement allowed at the joint. Synarthrosis Articulations Immovable articulations are synarthrosis articulations ("syn" means together and "arthrosis" means joint); immovable articulations sounds like a contradiction, but all regions where bones come together are called articulations, so there are articulations that don't move, including in the skull, where bones have fused, and where your teeth meet your jaw. These synarthroses are joined with fibrous connective tissue. Some synarthroses are formed by hyaline cartilage, such as the articulation between the first rib and the sternum (via costal cartilage). This immoveable joint helps stabilize the shoulder girdle and the cartilage can ossify in adults with age. The epiphyseal plate or “growth plate” at the end of long bones is also a synarthrosis until hyaline cartilage ossification is completed around the time of puberty. Amphiarthrosis Articulations There are some articulations which have limited motion called amphiarthrosis articulations. They are held in place with fibrocartilage or fibrous connective tissue. The anterior pelvic girdle joint between pubic bones (pubic symphysis) and the intervertebral joints of the spinal column (discs) are examples of cartilaginous amphiarthroses. -
4 Anat 35 Articulations
Human Anatomy Unit 1 ARTICULATIONS In Anatomy Today Classification of Joints • Criteria – How bones are joined together – Degree of mobility • Minimum components – 2 articulating bones – Intervening tissue • Fibrous CT or cartilage • Categories – Synarthroses – no movement – Amphiarthrosis – slight movement – Diarthrosis – freely movable Synarthrosis • Immovable articulation • Types – Sutures – Schindylesis – Gomphosis – Synchondrosis Synarthrosis Sutures • Found only in skull • Immovable articulation • Flat bones joined by thin layer of fibrous CT • Types – Serrate – Squamous (lap) – Plane Synarthrosis Sutures • Serrate • Serrated edges of bone interlock • Two portions of frontal bones • Squamous (lap) • Overlapping beveled margins forms smooth line • Temporal and parietal bones • Plane • Joint formed by straight, nonoverlapping edges • Palatine process of maxillae Synarthrosis Schindylesis • Immovable articulation • Thin plate of bone into cleft or fissure in a separation of the laminae in another bone • Articulation of sphenoid bone and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone with vomer Synarthrosis Gomphosis • Immovable articulation • Conical process into a socket • Articulation of teeth with alveoli of maxillary bone • Periodontal ligament = fibrous CT Synarthrosis Synchondrosis • Cartilagenous joints – Ribs joined to sternum by hyaline cartilage • Synostoses – When joint ossifies – Epiphyseal plate becomes epiphyseal line Amphiarthrosis • Slightly moveable articulation • Articulating bones connected in one of two ways: – By broad flattened -
A Plea for an Extension of the Anatomical Nomenclature: Organ Systems
BOSNIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES REVIEW ARTICLE WWW.BJBMS.ORG A plea for an extension of the anatomical nomenclature: Organ systems Vladimir Musil1*, Alzbeta Blankova2, Vlasta Dvorakova3, Radovan Turyna2,4, Vaclav Baca3 1Centre of Scientific Information, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,2 Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, 3Department of Health Care Studies, College of Polytechnics Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic, 4Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czech Republic ABSTRACT This article is the third part of a series aimed at correcting and extending the anatomical nomenclature. Communication in clinical medicine as well as in medical education is extensively composed of anatomical, histological, and embryological terms. Thus, to avoid any confusion, it is essential to have a concise, exact, perfect and correct anatomical nomenclature. The Terminologia Anatomica (TA) was published 20 years ago and during this period several revisions have been made. Nevertheless, some important anatomical structures are still not included in the nomenclature. Here we list a collection of 156 defined and explained technical terms related to the anatomical structures of the human body focusing on the digestive, respiratory, urinary and genital systems. These terms are set for discussion to be added into the new version of the TA. KEY WORDS: Anatomical terminology; anatomical nomenclature; Terminologia Anatomica DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2018.3195 Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2019;19(1):1‑13. © 2018 ABMSFBIH INTRODUCTION latest revision of the histological nomenclature under the title Terminologia Histologica [15]. In 2009, the FIPAT replaced This article is the third part of a series aimed at correct‑ the FCAT, and issued the Terminologia Embryologica (TE) ing and extending the anatomical nomenclature.