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An Examination of Nuu-Chah-Nulth Culture History
SINCE KWATYAT LIVED ON EARTH: AN EXAMINATION OF NUU-CHAH-NULTH CULTURE HISTORY Alan D. McMillan B.A., University of Saskatchewan M.A., University of British Columbia THESIS SUBMI'ITED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Archaeology O Alan D. McMillan SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY January 1996 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Alan D. McMillan Degree Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis Since Kwatyat Lived on Earth: An Examination of Nuu-chah-nulth Culture History Examining Committe: Chair: J. Nance Roy L. Carlson Senior Supervisor Philip M. Hobler David V. Burley Internal External Examiner Madonna L. Moss Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon External Examiner Date Approved: krb,,,) 1s lwb PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. -
PORT ALBERNI Have Received World Wide Exploitation
ALBERNI National Ubrary Bibliotheque nationale 1^1 of Canada du Canada Fore\^ord The natural advantages and wonderful prospects of PORT ALBERNI have received world wide exploitation. Unfortu nately, in some few instances, unscrupulous promoters have "manipulated" these facts to sell undesirable property. The Alberni Land Co. Ltd., an English corporation, were the virtual founders, consistent de velopers, and largest handlers of Port Alberni. ' In their behalf we have gath ered the facts for this booklet from the most authentic sources at hand. Representa tions concerning any properties of ours we are prepared to stand behind to the letter, while investigation will prove that our efforts have been consist ently directed to the best inter ests of our clients and the community as well as in our .owown behalfbehalf.. ^ The Alberni Land Co. Ltd. General Ai^ents s General Agents for British Columbia Mainland Carmichael & Moorhead (Limited) Franco-Canadian Victoria, B. C. Port Alberni, B.C. Trust Co. Ltd. Rogers Building Vancouver, B. C. COMPILED BY FOULSER ADVERTISING SERVICE VANCOUVER AND SEATTLE Port Alberni Port Alberni of 1910 TN 1855, Messrs. Anderson, Anderson & Co., shipbrokers, •*- of London, England, heard that there were large areas of splendid timber on the West Coast of Vancouver Island, and in 1860 they sent out Capt. Stamp to investigate the truth of the report. Capt. Stamp chose the head of the Alberni Canal, where Port Alberni now stands, as the most suitable place to erect a sawmill, not only on account of the timber but also because of its suitability as a shipping port to foreign markets. -
A Review of Geological Records of Large Tsunamis at Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and Implications for Hazard John J
Quaternary Science Reviews 19 (2000) 849}863 A review of geological records of large tsunamis at Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and implications for hazard John J. Clague! " *, Peter T. Bobrowsky#, Ian Hutchinson$ !Depatment of Earth Sciences and Institute for Quaternary Research, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6 "Geological Survey of Canada, 101 - 605 Robson St., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6B 5J3 #Geological Survey Branch, P.O. Box 9320, Stn Prov Govt, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 9N3 $Department of Geography and Institute for Quaternary Research, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada BC V5A 1S6 Abstract Large tsunamis strike the British Columbia coast an average of once every several hundred years. Some of the tsunamis, including one from Alaska in 1964, are the result of distant great earthquakes. Most, however, are triggered by earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone, which extends along the Paci"c coast from Vancouver Island to northern California. Evidence of these tsunamis has been found in tidal marshes and low-elevation coastal lakes on western Vancouver Island. The tsunamis deposited sheets of sand and gravel now preserved in sequences of peat and mud. These sheets commonly contain marine fossils, and they thin and "ne landward, consistent with deposition by landward surges of water. They occur in low-energy settings where other possible depositional processes, such as stream #ooding and storm surges, can be ruled out. The most recent large tsunami generated by an earthquake at the Cascadia subduction zone has been dated in Washington and Japan to AD 1700. The spatial distribution of the deposits of the 1700 tsunami, together with theoretical numerical modelling, indicate wave run-ups of up to 5 m asl along the outer coast of Vancouver Island and up to 15}20 m asl at the heads of some inlets. -
An Explorative Study Into the Sedimentary Structures Left from the Good Friday Tsunami
Proceedings from the University of Washington School of Oceanography Senior Thesis, Academic Year 2012-2013 Finding ‘Good Friday’ An explorative study into the sedimentary structures left from the Good Friday tsunami Isaac Benton 1University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Box 355351, Seattle, Washington 98195 [email protected] Received June 2013 NONTECHNICAL SUMMARY In 1964 the small logging town of Port Alberni, Vancouver Island B.C., was struck by the tsunami generated by the Good Friday earthquake ( ) originating near Anchorage, Alaska. This is Canada’s most destructive tsunami to date, resulting in nearly $72,000,000 in damages (adjusted for inflation). The destructive nature of the tsunami is the result of tsunami ‘ringing’ inside of Alberni Inlet, a narrow 42 km long inlet on the west side of Vancouver Island. The trapped energy of the tsunami oscillated for at least 2 days which at times exceeded wave heights of 8 m (Fine et al. 2008). In attempts to find evidence left from this tsunami on the seabed of Alberni Inlet a tsunamite, any sedimentary structure deposited from a tsunami, was recovered in one of the inlets deep basins. This tsunamite was identified as being deposited close to the year 1964 through the use of core sampling, x-radiography, and Cesium (137Cs) dating. The structure found is comprised of a thick layer of sand and gravel sandwiched between two layers of mud. The findings support the theory that low wave energy at the bottom of several of Alberni Inlet’s deep basins (>200m) that are separated by sills ensured that any tsunamite deposited there was not remobilized, re-suspended, and thus destroyed. -
Consultative Committee Report
Cover of the Report Consultative Committee Report June 2003 Prepared on behalf of: The Consultative Committee for the Ash River Water Use Plan Ash River Water Use Plan A Project of BC Hydro Print this page as front inside cover of the report. Consultative Committee Report February 2002 Prepared on behalf of: National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Ash River Water Use Plan Consultative Committee (Canada) Consultative committee report : Ash River water use planThe Consultative “A project of BC Hydro.” Committee for the ISBN 0-7726-5001-2 Jordan River Water 1. Water use - British Columbia - Ash River. 2. Water use - British Columbia - Alberni Region - Planning. 3. Water resources developmentUse - British Plan Columbia - Ash River. 4. Hydroelectric power plants - British Columbia - Alberni Region. 5. Dams - British Columbia - Ash River. I. B.C. Hydro. II. Title. III. Title: Ash River water use plan. TD227.B7A83 2003 333.91’09711’2 C2003-960155-2 Jordan River Water Use Plan A Project of BC Hydro Consultative Committee Report Ash River Water Use Plan BC Hydro Contact: Vancouver Island Community Relations Phone: 250 755-7173 Project Team: Trade-off Analyst and Facilitator: Tony Wong, Quintry Management Consulting Inc. Resource Valuation Task Manager: Daryl Fields Aboriginal Relations Task Manager: John Emery Power Facilities Task Manager: Tom Veary Power Studies Task Manager: Gillian Kong Community Relations Task Manager: Stephen Watson Environment/Recreation Task Manager: Adam Lewis, Ecofish Research Ltd. Project Manager: Sue Foster Phone: 604 528-2737 Fax: 604 528-2905 E-mail: [email protected] ________________________________________ This report was prepared for and by the Ash River Water Use Plan Consultative Committee, in accordance with the provincial government's Water Use Plan Guidelines. -
Models of Tsunami Waves at the Institute of Ocean Sciences
Models of tsunami waves at the Institute of Ocean Sciences Josef Cherniawsky and Isaac Fine Ocean Science Division, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC Port Alberni, March 27, 2014 Acknowledgements: Richard Thomson Alexander Rabinovich Kelin Wang Kim Conway Vasily Titov Jing Yang Li Brian Bornhold Maxim Krassovski Fred Stephenson Bill Crawford Pete Wills Denny Sinnott … and others! Our tsunami web site: http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/oceans/tsunamis/index-eng.htm … or just search for “DFO tsunami research” An outline … oIntroduction oModels of submarine landslide tsunamis (4 min) oA model of a Cascadia earthquake tsunami (4 min) oTsunami wave amplification in Alberni Inlet (4 min) oA model of the 2012 Haida Gwaii tsunami (4 min) oQuestions Examples of models of landslide generated tsunamis in Canada - some references - Fine, I.V., Rabinovich, A.B., Thomson, R.E. and E.A. Kulikov. 2003. Numerical Modeling of Tsunami Generation by Submarine and Subaerial Landslides. In: Ahmet C. et al. [Eds.]. NATO Science Series, Underwater Ground Failures On Tsunami Generation, Modeling, Risk and Mitigation. Kluwer. 69-88. Fine, I. V., A.B. Rabinovich, B. D. Bornhold, R.E. Thomson and E.A. Kulikov. 2005. The Grand Banks landslide-generated tsunami of November 18, 1929: Preliminary analysis and numerical modeling. Marine Geology. 215: 45-57. Fine, I.V., Rabinovich, A.B., Thomson, R.E., and Kulikov, E.A., 2003. Numerical modeling of tsunami generation by submarine and subaerial landslides, in: Submarine Landslides and Tsunamis, edited by Yalciner, A.C., Pelinovsky, E.N., Synolakis, C.E., and Okal, E., NATO Adv. Series, Kluwer Acad. -
Strathcona Provincial Park MASTER LAN P MENDMENT a June 2001
MASTER LAN P MENDMENT A June 2001 for Strathcona Park Strathcona Park MASTER LAN P AMENDMENT BC Parks Strathcona District National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data BC Parks. Strathcona District. Strathcona Park master plan amendment. “June 2001” Also available on the Internet. ISBN 0-7726-4730-5 1. Strathcona Park (B.C.) 2. Provincial parks and reserves - British Columbia - Planning. 3. Provincial parks and reserves - British Columbia - Management. 4. Ecosystem management - British Columbia – Strathcona Park. I. British Columbia. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection. II. Title. FC3815.S87B32 2002 333.78’3’097112 C2002-960053-7 F1089.S87B32 2002 Strathcona Provincial Park MASTER LAN P MENDMENT A June 2001 i Table of Contents Introduction........................................................................................................................1 Key Changes since 1993...................................................................................................1 Purpose of Amendment.....................................................................................................1 Review Process................................................................................................................2 Year 2000 Amendment.....................................................................................................2 3a. Strathcona Park Vision Statement for the 21st Century...........................................4 3. Role of Park (pp. 7 - 10 of 1993 Strathcona Park Master Plan)..............................5 -
250-724-4050 250-724-3225 Automotiveautomotiveautomotive AUTO Collision & Glass
3800 Johnston Rd, Port Alberni, BC V9Y 5N7 Phone: (250) 723-3541 www.pacificchevrolet.com As Proud Community Partners, Van Isle Ford and Pacific Chevrolet feel a strong sense of responsibility to give back to this great community we all call home. Since January of 2013 $50 from every vehicle sold gets donated to local charities, non-profits and community events, to date we have donated over $200,000. Thank you for choosing Pacific Chevrolet Buick GMC or Van Isle Ford for your automotive needs, your support and patronage is greatly appreciated. -Will and Chelsey Pulford If you are looking for a free quote from a fully insured, locally owned Tree Service 4831 Beaver Creek Rd, Port Alberni, BC V9Y 7E1 Phone: (250) 724-6577 www.vanisleford.com call Dave and his team of Certified Utility Arborists and Certified Fallers 250 730 7770 Exploring the Your locally owned Family Alberni Valley operated Tree Service If you are looking for a free quote from a fully insured, locally owned Tree Service call Dave and his team of Certified Utility Arborists and Certified Fallers 250 730 7770 Valley Vibe Spring 2020 3 Letter From the Editor Megan Warrender Every issue I learn something new about our community. I am always on a constant treasure hunt seeing what next hidden gem I will discover that Port Alberni has. Going into spring I could not think of something better than bringing you on that treasure hunt with me. This issue of the Valley Vibe magazine has many “must see and do’s” in Port Alberni – whether you’re travelling through Port www.thevalleyvibe.ca Alberni, new to the community, or a long time resident – Instagram.com/thevalleyvibepa there is always something new to see and do. -
Campground, Tranquility Campground
MileByMile.com Personal Road Trip Guide British Columbia Highway #4 "VANCOUVER ISLAND - City of Parksville to Port Alberni - Tofino - Ucluelet" Kms ITEM SUMMARY 0.0 Junction of Highway # 19 - West to Communities of Port Alberni, BC, Ucluelet, BC: The Pacific City of Parksville, BC Rim national Park, Tofino, BC. North to Port Hardy, BC: and ferries to Prince Rupert, BC, Bella Coola, BC. South to cities of Nanaimo, BC, Victoria, BC. Attractions in and around Parksville, BC: Deep Forest Gallery - Coastal Carvings - Arts Afire Gallery - Englishman River Gallery - Earth Attitudes - Major Art Gallery and Studio - Oceanside Art Gallery and Gift Shop - The Station Gallery - The Garden Gallery - WestLoon Gallery - Butterfly World and Gardens - Rathtrevor Beach Provincial Park. NOTE: For highwat travel via British Columbia Highway #19 - See Milebymile.com Road Map Highway Travel Guide BC Highway #19 - City of Nanaimo, BC to city of Campbell River, BC for highway driving directions. 0.0 Roadside Highway Turnout Wally Creek. 1.0 View from Highway Driving west. 3.0 Junction of Highway #4a South to community of Coombs, BC, Coombs campground, Tranquility Campground. 5.5 Garden Gate Bed and South side of highway. Breakfast, BC 7.8 Services at highway Fuel, diesel 8.7 Whiskey Creek South side of highway Campground, BC 9.7 Little Qualicum Falls North side of highway. This park has 94 vehicle accessible campsites in Provincial Park, BC two separate campgrounds, the Upper Campground and the Lower Campground. Campsite reservations are accepted and first-come, first-served sites are also available 12.6 View from highway Driving west 13.5 Chalet Road Access to Cameron Lake, BC campground. -
Somass Watershed Flood Management Plan Final Report
SOMASS WATERSHED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN FINAL REPORT Prepared for: Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District Office 3008 5th Avenue Port Alberni, BC, V9Y 2E3 Prepared by: Northwest Hydraulic Consultants Ltd. 405 – 495 Dunsmuir Street Nanaimo, BC, V9R 6B9 01 May 2020 NHC Ref. No. 3003140 SOMASS WATERSHED FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN FINAL REPORT Prepared for: Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District Port Alberni, BC Prepared by: Northwest Hydraulic Consultants Ltd. Nanaimo, BC 01 May 2020 NHC Ref No. 3003140 Report Prepared by: Faye Hirshfield, Ph.D., P.Ag. Ashley Dudill, Ph.D., EIT Natalia Leon Barrios, M.Sc. Laura Ramsden, M.Sc., EIT Hydrologist Project Engineer Hydrotechnical Specialist Coastal Engineer Report Reviewed by: Graham Hill, P.Eng. Dave Mclean, Ph.D., P.Eng. Principal Principal DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by Northwest Hydraulic Consultants Ltd. for the benefit of Alberni- Clayoquot Regional District for specific application to the Somass Watershed Flood Management Plan. The information and data contained herein represent Northwest Hydraulic Consultants Ltd. best professional judgment in light of the knowledge and information available to Northwest Hydraulic Consultants Ltd. at the time of preparation, and was prepared in accordance with generally accepted engineering practices. Except as required by law, this report and the information and data contained herein are to be treated as confidential and may be used and relied upon only by The Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District, its officers and employees. Northwest Hydraulic Consultants Ltd. denies any liability whatsoever to other parties who may obtain access to this report for any injury, loss or damage suffered by such parties arising from their use of, or reliance upon, this report or any of its contents. -
Indigenous Oral History and Settlement Archaeology in Barkley Sound, Western Vancouver Island
Indigenous Oral History and Settlement Archaeology in Barkley Sound, Western Vancouver Island Iain McKechnie Introduction n North America, Indigenous oral historical accounts of events in the distant past are regularly subject to the critique that such histories are contrived to suit practical political purposes and/or are qualitatively less robust than are textual or material forms of historical I 2000 2008 evidence (Mason ; McGhee ). A commonly cited reason for this is the conception that oral histories are considered to be vulnerable to “inherent” degradation over time (Vansina 1985), a viewpoint that closely parallels the widespread belief that Aboriginal cultures have been “degraded” due to cultural assimilation. In Canada, such pervasive scepticism helps explain the continued privileging of colonial historical accounts over Indigenous historical experiences, exemplified by the treatment of Indigenous oral history in courts of law (Martindale 2014; Miller 1992, 2011). Archaeologists who seek to include Indigenous oral historical ac- counts in their interpretations are frequently charged with perpetuating a teleological (logically circular) account of history and/or cannot pass muster with scientific standards of evidence (Henige2009 ; Mason 2006; McGhee 2008). However, a fundamental problem with such a critique is that it seeks to minimize consideration of oral history as a legitimate and relevant source for archaeological insight and thus further displaces the narration of Indigenous history from Indigenous peoples (Atalay 2008; Cruikshank 2005). It also posits an imbalance between Indigenous oral history and archaeological interpretation, neglecting to foreground how both represent incomplete sources of information that attempt to narrate and assign causality to human history (Martindale and Nicholas 2014; Wylie 2014). -
Copyrighted Material
INDEX Alley Cat Rentals Artina’s (Victoria), 127 AAA Horse & Carriage Ltd. (Vancouver), 87 Artisans Courtyard (Vancouver), 82 Alliance for Arts and Culture (Courtenay), 198 Abandoned Rails Trail, 320 (Vancouver), 96 Artisan’s Studio (Nanaimo), Aberdeen Hills Golf Links Allura Direct (Whistler), 237 169 (Kamloops), 287 Alpha Dive Services (Powell Art of Man Gallery (Victoria), Abkhazi Garden (Victoria), River), 226 126 119 Alpine Rafting (Golden), 323 The Arts Club Backstage Access-Able Travel Source, 42 Alta Lake, 231 Lounge (Vancouver), 100 Accessible Journeys, 42 American Airlines, 36 Arts Club Theatre Company Active Pass (between Galiano American Automobile Asso- (Vancouver), 97 from Mayne islands), 145 ciation (AAA), 421 Asulkan Valley Trail, 320 Adam’s Fishing Charters American Express Athabasca, Mount, 399 (Victoria), 122 Calgary, 340 Athabasca Falls, 400 Adams River Salmon Run, Edmonton, 359 Athabasca Glacier, 400 286 American Foundation for the Atlantic Trap and Gill Adele Campbell Gallery Blind (AFB), 42 (Vancouver), 99 (Whistler), 236 Anahim Lake, 280 Au Bar (Vancouver), 101 Admiral House Boats Ancient Cedars area of Cougar Aurora (Banff), 396 (Sicamous), 288 Mountain, 235 Avello Spa (Whistler), 237 Adventure Zone (Blackcomb), Ancient Cedars Spa (Tofino), 236 189 Afterglow (Vancouver), 100 Anglican Church abine Mountains Recre- Agate Beach Campground, B Alert Bay, 218 ation Area, 265 258 Barkerville, 284 Backpacking, 376 Ah-Wa-Qwa-Dzas (Quadra A-1 Last Minute Golf Hot Line Backroom Vodka Bar Island), 210 (Vancouver), 88 (Edmonton),