DOCSLIB.ORG

Archaeological Investigations of Revolutionary War Fort Billingsport

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Archaeological Investigations of Revolutionary War Fort Billingsport May 2009 Prepared for: Plains All American LLP Houston, Tx Archaeological Investigations of Revolutionary War Fort Billingsport Paulsboro, Gloucester County, New Jersey Prepared by: Burlington, New Jersey Archaeological Investigations of Revolutionary War Fort Billingsport Paulsboro, Gloucester County, New Jersey Prepared for Plains All American LLC 333 Clay Street, Suite 1600 P.O. Box 4648 Houston, Texas 77210-4648 Prepared by Douglas B. Mooney, Principal Investigator, and Ingrid Wuebber URS Corporation 437 High Street Burlington, New Jersey 08016 May 2009 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR FORT BILLINGSPORT Abstract The following report documents the methodology and findings of a combined historical and archaeological investigation of the former Revolutionary War–era redoubt known as Fort Billingsport. URS Corporation (URS) was contracted to perform this study on behalf of Plains All American LLP, owners of the Paulsboro, New Jersey, Oil Storage Terminal, within which the former fort was believed to be located. Plains All American LLP undertook these investigations in cooperation with members of the Fort Billingsport Homeland Security Preservation Committee, an organization created by the mayor and council of the borough of Paulsboro. This investigation was initiated in association with the planned construction of a series of new storage tanks within the Paulsboro Terminal property, and in order to address concerns borough officials raised about possible surviving remnants of the fort being impacted in the process. More specifically, this study was undertaken to determine whether or not any portion of Fort Billingsport might still be preserved within a small (approximately 3-acre) parcel of undeveloped ground at the far northwestern corner of the terminal property. These investigations involved the conduct of both intensive historical background research and limited archaeological investigations. Historical research determined conclusively that the site of Fort Billingsport was contained within the limits of the current Paulsboro Terminal facility; however, efforts to pinpoint the location of the fort within this larger property reached uncertain conclusions. Archaeological investigations involved the use of ground-penetrating radar (GPR), metal detecting, and limited shovel-testing methodologies. Field testing uncovered no evidence of subsurface features or artifact deposits that could be associated with the fort, and indicated that the entire study area had been extensively disturbed over recent years. Based on the findings of this investigation, it is URS’ opinion that neither preserved remnants of Fort Billingsport or intact associated artifact deposits are likely to be preserved within the Paulsboro Terminal property. While some features related to the fort may have survived into the nineteenth century, the extensive reworking of this site throughout the twentieth century has likely destroyed any of those once-surviving traces. At the conclusion of this investigation, URS researchers communicated their findings to members of the Fort Billingsport Homeland Security Preservation Committee and Plains All American LLP staff (March 5, 2008) via a detailed presentation and discussion. This report restates those earlier findings and determinations in a somewhat more refined form. i ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR FORT BILLINGSPORT Table of Contents Abstract.......................................................................................................................... i List of Figures.............................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgements........................................................................................................v 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................1 Project Overview...........................................................................................................1 Research Plan.................................................................................................................2 Archaeological Study Area Description ........................................................................3 Organization of This Report ..........................................................................................4 2 The Historical Development of the Fort Billingsport Property.....................................5 Fort Billingsport during the American Revolution........................................................5 Billingsport and the New Nation .................................................................................18 Sale and Subdivision of the Fort Billingsport Tract ....................................................21 Country Retreats..........................................................................................................22 The Waterman’s Lot....................................................................................................24 Lincoln Park.................................................................................................................24 3 The Military Defenses of Fort Billingsport....................................................................37 The Kosciuszko Defenses............................................................................................37 The Redesigned Redoubt .............................................................................................38 Associated Structures...................................................................................................39 Location of Military Defenses within the Fort Billingsport Property..........................39 Fort-Related Archaeological Potential of the Present Study Area...............................40 4 Fort Billingsport in Historical Memory.........................................................................42 Lincoln Park Era Accounts (1889–Circa 1916)...........................................................43 Oil Tank Farm Era Accounts (1928–Present)..............................................................45 The Study Area Pit or Crater .......................................................................................47 5 Field Investigations and Findings...................................................................................48 Methodology................................................................................................................48 Testing Results.............................................................................................................50 6 Summary and Conclusions..............................................................................................53 References Cited ................................................................................................................55 Appendix A: Report Figures Appendix B: Fort Billingsport Chains of Title Appendix C: Lincoln Park Inventory Appendix D: Qualifications of Key Project Personnel ii ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR FORT BILLINGSPORT List of Figures See report figures in Appendix A. Figure 1 Project location map 2 1972 survey of the study area 3 Aerial photographs of the study area showing changing conditions between 1965–1999 4 Overview of the study area looking north 5 Overview of the study area looking south 6 Soil piles lining the western study area margins, at the top of the riverside scarp 7 Overview of the supposed Fort Billingsport related hole or pit at the north end of the study area 8 Detail of the hole/pit showing backfilled debris, trash, and truck tires 9 Detail of the hole/pit showing partially backfilled tree trunks 10 Du Coudray plan of Fort Billingsport, 1777 11 Hunter map of Fort Billingsport, 1777 12 Billingsport in the defense of Philadelphia 13 British military plan of Fort Billingsport, 1777 14 Wangeheim plan of Fort Billingsport, 1777 15 Villefranche map of Fort Billingsport, 1779 16 Devault’s sketch map of government land at Billingsport 17 Survey of Billingsport Road in 1830 18 Fort Billingsport 96-acre tract 19 U.S. Coast Survey of Billingsport in 1842 20 U.S. Coast Survey of Billingsport in 1848 21 Division of Garrott Clark’s estate iii ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR FORT BILLINGSPORT 22 Nineteenth-century subdivisions of the Fort Billingsport tract 23 Lincoln Park property 24 The former Salomon/Gibbs house in Lincoln Park 25 Lincoln Park tower, connected to the Gibbs House 26 Lincoln Park poster 27 Detail of former Gibbs house in Lincoln Park 28 Shoot the chute in Lincoln Park 29 British plan of Fort Billingsport showing the dimensions of the original redoubt, based on the included scale 30 Approximate estimated location of the Fort Billingsport defenses with respect to the present Paulsboro Terminal property 31 Fort Billingsport maps depicting features associated with a possible gorge or ravine entering the fort from the riverbank 32 Lincoln Park poster, showing the locations of possible fort-related features described in articles and recollections 33 Overlay of the 1896 Sanborn Insurance Map of Lincoln Park and 1972 CES survey of the study area, showing the relationship between the shoot-the-chute ride and the pit or crater in the north end of the study area 34 Field crew conducting Ground Penetrating Radar investigations of the study area 35 Field crew performing metal detector sweeps of the study area 36 Results
Load more

Recommended publications
  • He Meeting of Washington and Rochambeau, May 21-22, 1781
    Mech-Conference at Wethersfield:Layout 1 5/16/09 11:14 AM Page 1 THE WETHERSFIELD CONFERENCE he Meeting of Washington and Rochambeau, May 21-22, 1781 T In early July 1780, French General Comte Donatien de Rochambeau arrived at the wharves of Newport, Rhode Island with seven ships of the on the Frenc h–with his size, dignity, graciousness and heroic demeanor. However, the French General was disappointed that the Commander-in-Chief line, four frigates and thirt y- odd transports with nearly 5,500 French regulars. He was to place himself and his men under the orders of the American spoke only in generalities and did not invite the French officers to ride over to the Hudson to have a look at the American Arm y–which was probably Commander -in-Chief George Washington and serve in a subordinate capacity. This immense French effort to aide the American cause was the result intentional on Washington’s part for fear the bedraggled Continentals and militia might so shock the French professionals that they would return to France. of the alliance that American diplomats Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane negotiated and signed in Paris in February 1778. It wasn’t until May 8, 1781 – after a long winter of delay, doubt and uncertaint y–that the comte de Rochambeau received important dispatches from The appearance of the French at Newport marked a highly significant event that would change the course of the American Revolution. But as weeks the French ministers of war and the marine informing him that Admiral de Grasse’s fleet of 26 ships of the line, 8 frigates and 150 transports had been slipped by, the French high command became increasingly impatient that no role had been assigned for its troops.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture Special
    http://www.discoverPHL.com/AIA ARCHITECTURE SPECIAL EVENTS The Athenaeum of Philadelphia 219 S. 6th St., Philadelphia, PA 19106 215-925-2688 A Half–Century of Planning & Design Practice: The Philadelphia School http://www.philaathenaeum.org/index.html Exhibition Dates: May 6 - May 21, 2016 This exhibit looks back at the professional careers of some of the students who graduated from the University of Pennsylvania’s architecture and landscape architecture programs in the mid- 1960’s, during the hey-day of Penn’s programs in these fields. At the time, Penn’s fame was such that the professional journal Progressive Architecture devoted an entire issue in 1961 to “The Philadelphia School,” highlighting the work of Penn’s architecture faculty and students. This exhibit provides an overview of the evolution of the planning and design professions in the United States over the past 50 years. Philadelphia Center for Architecture 1218 Arch St., Philadelphia, PA 19107 215-569-3186 Walking tour - Emergence of a Modern Metropolis: Philadelphia http://philadelphiacfa.org/events/emergence-modern-metropolis-philadelphia-0 Saturdays 1-3 p.m. Experience the transformation of Philadelphia from America’s engine of industry to our 21st century capital of business and culture. This two-hour tour explores Philadelphia’s diverse range of architectural styles and building technologies from the 1860s to the present, detailing the social, economic and political forces that shaped the modern cityscape. Cost $20 for adults. Philadelphia Museum of Art 2600 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19130 Collab Gallery and the Skylit Atrium 215-763-8100 The Architecture of Francis Kéré: Building for Community http://www.philamuseum.org/exhibitions/838.html Exhibition Dates: May 14 – September 25, 2016 Immerse yourself in a site-specific environment designed by acclaimed Burkinabe architect Francis Kéré.
    [Show full text]
  • JAMES LOGAN the Political Career of a Colonial Scholar
    JAMES LOGAN The Political Career of a Colonial Scholar By E. GORDON ALDERFER* A CROSS Sixth Street facing the shaded lawn of Independence Square in Philadelphia, on the plot now hidden by the pomp- ous facade of The Curtis Publishing Company, once stood a curious little building that could with some justice lay claim to being the birthplace of the classic spirit of early America. Just as the State House across the way symbolizes the birth of independ- ence and revolutionary idealism, the first public home of the Loganian Library could represent (were it still standing) the balanced, serene, inquiring type of mind so largely responsible for nurturing the civilization of the colonies. The Loganian, the first free public library in America outside of Boston and by some odds the greatest collection for public use in the colonial era, was the creation of James Logan, occasionally reputed to have been the most learned man in the colonies during the first half of the eighteenth century. Logan journeyed to Amer- ica with William Penn in 1699 as Penn's secretary, and became in effect the resident head of the province. Two years later, when Penn left his province never to return, Logan was commissioned Secretary of the Province and Commissioner of Property. He was soon installed as Clerk of the Provincial Council and became its most influential member in spite of his youthfulness. Even- tually, in 1731, Logan became Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, and, five years later, as President of the Provincial Council, he assumed *Dr. E. Gordon Alderfer is associated with CARE, Inc., New York, in a research and administrative capacity.
    [Show full text]
  • Documenting the University of Pennsylvania's Connection to Slavery
    Documenting the University of Pennsylvania’s Connection to Slavery Clay Scott Graubard The University of Pennsylvania, Class of 2019 April 19, 2018 © 2018 CLAY SCOTT GRAUBARD ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DOCUMENTING PENN’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 OVERVIEW 3 LABOR AND CONSTRUCTION 4 PRIMER ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE COLLEGE AND ACADEMY OF PHILADELPHIA 5 EBENEZER KINNERSLEY (1711 – 1778) 7 ROBERT SMITH (1722 – 1777) 9 THOMAS LEECH (1685 – 1762) 11 BENJAMIN LOXLEY (1720 – 1801) 13 JOHN COATS (FL. 1719) 13 OTHERS 13 LABOR AND CONSTRUCTION CONCLUSION 15 FINANCIAL ASPECTS 17 WEST INDIES FUNDRAISING 18 SOUTH CAROLINA FUNDRAISING 25 TRUSTEES OF THE COLLEGE AND ACADEMY OF PHILADELPHIA 31 WILLIAM ALLEN (1704 – 1780) AND JOSEPH TURNER (1701 – 1783): FOUNDERS AND TRUSTEES 31 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706 – 1790): FOUNDER, PRESIDENT, AND TRUSTEE 32 EDWARD SHIPPEN (1729 – 1806): TREASURER OF THE TRUSTEES AND TRUSTEE 33 BENJAMIN CHEW SR. (1722 – 1810): TRUSTEE 34 WILLIAM SHIPPEN (1712 – 1801): FOUNDER AND TRUSTEE 35 JAMES TILGHMAN (1716 – 1793): TRUSTEE 35 NOTE REGARDING THE TRUSTEES 36 FINANCIAL ASPECTS CONCLUSION 37 CONCLUSION 39 THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 40 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 42 BIBLIOGRAPHY 43 DOCUMENTING PENN’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 2 INTRODUCTION DOCUMENTING PENN’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 3 Overview The goal of this paper is to present the facts regarding the University of Pennsylvania’s (then the College and Academy of Philadelphia) significant connections to slavery and the slave trade. The first section of the paper will cover the construction and operation of the College and Academy in the early years. As slavery was integral to the economy of British North America, to fully understand the University’s connection to slavery the second section will cover the financial aspects of the College and Academy, its Trustees, and its fundraising.
    [Show full text]
  • The Early Effects of Gunpowder on Fortress Design: a Lasting Impact
    The Early Effects of Gunpowder on Fortress Design: A Lasting Impact MATTHEW BAILEY COLLEGE OF THE HOLY CROSS The introduction of gunpowder did not immediately transform the battlefields of Europe. Designers of fortifications only had to respond to the destructive threats of siege warfare, and witnessing the technical failures of early gunpowder weaponry would hardly have convinced a European magnate to bolster his defenses. This essay follows the advancement of gunpowder tactics in late medieval and early Renaissance Europe. In particular, it focuses on Edward III’s employment of primitive ordnance during the Hundred Years’ War, the role of artillery in the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, and the organizational challenges of effectively implementing gunpowder as late as the end of the fifteenth century. This essay also seeks to illustrate the nature of the development of fortification in response to the emerging threat of gunpowder siege weaponry, including the architectural theories of the early Renaissance Italians, Henry VIII’s English artillery forts of the mid-sixteenth century, and the evolution of the angle bastion. The article concludes with a short discussion of the longevity and lasting relevance of the fortification technologies developed during the late medieval and early Renaissance eras. The castle was an inseparable component of medieval warfare. Since Duke William of Normandy’s 1066 conquest of Anglo-Saxon England, the construction of castles had become the earmark of medieval territorial expansion. These fortifications were not simply stone squares with round towers adorning the corners. Edward I’s massive castle building program in Wales, for example, resulted in fortifications so visually disparate that one might assume they were from different time periods.1 Medieval engineers had built upon castle technology for centuries by 1500, and the introduction of gunpowder weaponry to the battlefields of Europe foreshadowed a revision of the basics of fortress design.
    [Show full text]
  • Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: an Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991)
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 1992 Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991) Frederick Lee Richards University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Richards, Frederick Lee, "Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991)" (1992). Theses (Historic Preservation). 349. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/349 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Richards, Frederick Lee (1992). Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991). (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/349 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991) Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Richards, Frederick Lee (1992). Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia:
    [Show full text]
  • NEW JERSEY History GUIDE
    NEW JERSEY HISTOry GUIDE THE INSIDER'S GUIDE TO NEW JERSEY'S HiSTORIC SitES CONTENTS CONNECT WITH NEW JERSEY Photo: Battle of Trenton Reenactment/Chase Heilman Photography Reenactment/Chase Heilman Trenton Battle of Photo: NEW JERSEY HISTORY CATEGORIES NEW JERSEY, ROOTED IN HISTORY From Colonial reenactments to Victorian architecture, scientific breakthroughs to WWI Museums 2 monuments, New Jersey brings U.S. history to life. It is the “Crossroads of the American Revolution,” Revolutionary War 6 home of the nation’s oldest continuously Military History 10 operating lighthouse and the birthplace of the motion picture. New Jersey even hosted the Industrial Revolution 14 very first collegiate football game! (Final score: Rutgers 6, Princeton 4) Agriculture 19 Discover New Jersey’s fascinating history. This Multicultural Heritage 22 handbook sorts the state’s historically significant people, places and events into eight categories. Historic Homes & Mansions 25 You’ll find that historic landmarks, homes, Lighthouses 29 monuments, lighthouses and other points of interest are listed within the category they best represent. For more information about each attraction, such DISCLAIMER: Any listing in this publication does not constitute an official as hours of operation, please call the telephone endorsement by the State of New Jersey or the Division of Travel and Tourism. numbers provided, or check the listed websites. Cover Photos: (Top) Battle of Monmouth Reenactment at Monmouth Battlefield State Park; (Bottom) Kingston Mill at the Delaware & Raritan Canal State Park 1-800-visitnj • www.visitnj.org 1 HUnterdon Art MUseUM Enjoy the unique mix of 19th-century architecture and 21st- century art. This arts center is housed in handsome stone structure that served as a grist mill for over a hundred years.
    [Show full text]
  • Center City Philadelphia Multifamily Property Portfolio
    The Stolker Center City Philadelphia Multifamily Property Portfolio For more information: John Adderly +1 856 335 1080 • [email protected] Fred Meyer, SIOR +1 856 234 9600 • [email protected] Roy Kardon, SIOR +1 856 234 9600 • [email protected] 21 Roland Avenue | Mount Laurel NJ 08054 +1 856 234 9600 | naimertz.com 1 About the Portfolio Investment Portfolio Offered for Sale by The Stolker Family: NAI Mertz Exclusive Broker ABOUT THE OWNERS ¥¥1960’s Leonard (“Len”) Stolker, a highly regarded real estate broker in Philadelphia began building his portfolio by purchasing small apartment buildings. ¥¥1970’s Len purchased the American Baptist Publication Society building, an 1895 landmark building situated at Juniper and Lombard, which he renovated into the magnificent building it is today. ¥¥1990’s Len continued to purchase historic brownstones and buildings of character as defined by their architectural distinctions to round out the portfolio as it exists today. ¥¥2015 Len passed away and the family assumed the ownership and management of the portfolio. ¥¥2016+ The Stolker family takes over operational control of the assets and makes exceptional capital improvements in excess of $3,500,000. ¥¥2018 Realizing the extremely unique nature of the assets, the family has decided to package the portfolio for sale while being open to considering offers for the purchase of individual or pre-packaged assets. »¥NAI Mertz was retained to exclusively represent the family in the sale of the portfolio and/or individual assets within. ¥¥…and the stage is set for the story to continue – your story – as the owner of this unique set of income producing properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Stephen Du Ponceau Collection 1781-1844 Mss.B.D92p
    Peter Stephen Du Ponceau Collection 1781-1844 Mss.B.D92p American Philosophical Society 2004 105 South Fifth Street Philadelphia, PA, 19106 215-440-3400 [email protected] Peter Stephen DuPonceau Collection 1781-1844 Mss.B.D92p Table of Contents Summary Information ................................................................................................................................. 3 Background note ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Scope & content ..........................................................................................................................................6 Administrative Information .........................................................................................................................7 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Indexing Terms ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Other Descriptive Information ..................................................................................................................10 Collection Inventory ..................................................................................................................................12 Peter Stephen Du Ponceau Collection.................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix A: Review of Existing Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning Studies
    APPENDIX A: REVIEW OF EXISTING PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE PLANNING STUDIES This appendix provides an overview of previous planning efforts undertaken in and around Philadelphia that are relevant to the Plan. These include city initiatives, plans, studies, internal memos, and other relevant documents. This appendix briefly summarizes each previous plan or study, discusses its relevance to pedestrian and bicycle planning in Philadelphia, and lists specific recommendations when applicable. CITY OF PHILADELPHIA PEDESTRIAN & BICYCLE PLAN APRIL 2012 CONTENTS WALKING REPORTS AND STUDIES .......................................................................................................................... 1 Walking in Philadelphia ............................................................................................................................................ 1 South of South Walkabilty Plan................................................................................................................................. 1 North Broad Street Pedestrian Crash Study .............................................................................................................. 2 North Broad Street Pedestrian Safety Audit ............................................................................................................. 3 Pedestrian Safety and Mobility: Status and Initiatives ............................................................................................ 3 Neighborhood/Area Plans and Studies .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 May Christopher Rivera.Pdf (1.964Mb)
    School of Graduate Studies Colorado State University–Pueblo 2200 Bonforte Boulevard Pueblo, Colorado 81001 (719) 549–2100 “INTO DUST AND OBSCURITY”: SILAS DEANE AND THE DRAFTING OF THE 1778 TREATY OF ALLIANCE by Christopher Michael-Anthony Rivera _____________________ A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY–PUEBLO Pueblo, Colorado, USA MAY 2015 Master’s Thesis Committee: Advisor: Dr. Matthew L. Harris Dr. Paul Conrad Dr. Brigid Vance STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted and approved for the partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at Colorado State University–Pueblo. It is deposited in the University Library and available to borrowers of the library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowed without special permission, provided that, accurate acknowledgment of their source is indicated. Requests for permission to use extended quotations, or to reproduce the manuscript in whole or in part, may be granted by the History Graduate Program or the Graduate Studies Director in History in the interest of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. Signed: __________________________________________________ __________________________________________ APPROVAL BY THESIS ADVISOR THIS THESIS HAS BEEN APPROVED ON THE DATE SHOWN BELOW: ________________________________ ____________ Dr. Matthew Harris Date Committee Chair Professor of History ________________________________ ____________ Graduate Studies Director in History Date Dr. Matthew Harris “INTO DUST AND OBSCURITY”: SILAS DEANE AND THE DRAFTING OF THE 1778 TREATY OF ALLIANCE by Christopher Michael-Anthony Rivera Silas Deane’s role during the American Revolution has been examined by numerous academics, including George Clark, Jonathan Dull, Julian Boyd, Richard Morris, David Jayne Hill, and Walter Isaacson.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAINING the HUDSON the Fight for the River in the American Revolution
    CHAINING THE HUDSON The fight for the river in the American Revolution COLN DI Chaining the Hudson Relic of the Great Chain, 1863. Look back into History & you 11 find the Newe improvers in the art of War has allways had the advantage of their Enemys. —Captain Daniel Joy to the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety, January 16, 1776 Preserve the Materials necessary to a particular and clear History of the American Revolution. They will yield uncommon Entertainment to the inquisitive and curious, and at the same time afford the most useful! and important Lessons not only to our own posterity, but to all succeeding Generations. Governor John Hancock to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, September 28, 1781. Chaining the Hudson The Fight for the River in the American Revolution LINCOLN DIAMANT Fordham University Press New York Copyright © 2004 Fordham University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ii retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotation: printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN 0-8232-2339-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Diamant, Lincoln. Chaining the Hudson : the fight for the river in the American Revolution / Lincoln Diamant.—Fordham University Press ed. p. cm. Originally published: New York : Carol Pub. Group, 1994. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8232-2339-6 (pbk.) 1. New York (State)—History—Revolution, 1775-1783—Campaigns. 2. United States—History—Revolution, 1775-1783—Campaigns. 3. Hudson River Valley (N.Y.
    [Show full text]