Elements of Narration

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The Writing Center & Reading/Study Skills Lab presents: Tip Sheet on: Elements of Narration The narrative, as defined by Lee Brandon in Paragraphs and Essays, “is an account of an incident or a series of incidents that make up a complete and significant action.” The various elements of narration include: Characters – these are the people involved in the story. The main character or hero in the story is the protagonist. The character that clashes with or goes against the protagonist is the antagonist. Conflict – this is the struggle, tension or opposition developed in the story. The conflict develops between one of the following: 1. the protagonist and the antagonist 2. the protagonist and the environment or nature 3. the protagonist and a group 4. the protagonist and him/herself Plot – this is what happens in the story; it is the series of events that forms the action. The plot is arranged in a chronological (time) order and includes the following: 1. the rising action, where events lead to increased tension 2. the climax, where the tension reaches its peak or most important point before the conflict is resolved 3. the falling action, where events wind down to the story’s conclusion Signal Words – words that give order and time reference to the story. Examples of signal words include: first, next, then, before, on May 8th, 1991. Theme – the main idea or ideas developed in the story. As author Brandon explains, the theme “is what the story means in terms of human nature, the human condition, one individual, or particular institutions.” MCC offers a Writing Center & Reading/Study Skills Lab at both the Bedford and Lowell campuses. Tutoring is available weekdays and some evenings, at no charge. Schedules are posted on the doors. Drop in or make an appointment. In Bedford: AR 214, Tel: 781-280-3727 or 3728. In Lowell: City Campus Room 406, Tel: 978-656-3364 or 3365. .

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Glossary of Literary Terms
Glossary of Critical Terms for Prose Adapted from “LitWeb,” The Norton Introduction to Literature Study Space http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/litweb10/glossary/C.aspx Action Any event or series of events depicted in a literary work; an event may be verbal as well as physical, so that speaking or telling a story within the story may be an event. Allusion A brief, often implicit and indirect reference within a literary text to something outside the text, whether another text (e.g. the Bible, a myth, another literary work, a painting, or a piece of music) or any imaginary or historical person, place, or thing. Ambiguity When we are involved in interpretation—figuring out what different elements in a story “mean”—we are responding to a work’s ambiguity. This means that the work is open to several simultaneous interpretations. Language, especially when manipulated artistically, can communicate more than one meaning, encouraging our interpretations. Antagonist A character or a nonhuman force that opposes, or is in conflict with, the protagonist. Anticlimax An event or series of events usually at the end of a narrative that contrast with the tension building up before. Antihero A protagonist who is in one way or another the very opposite of a traditional hero. Instead of being courageous and determined, for instance, an antihero might be timid, hypersensitive, and indecisive to the point of paralysis. Antiheroes are especially common in modern literary works. Archetype A character, ritual, symbol, or plot pattern that recurs in the myth and literature of many cultures; examples include the scapegoat or trickster (character type), the rite of passage (ritual), and the quest or descent into the underworld (plot pattern).
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THE TRENDS of STREAM of CONSCIOUSNESS TECHNIQUE in WILLIAM FAULKNER S NOVEL the SOUND and the FURY'' Chitra Yashwant Ga
AMIERJ Volume–VII, Issues– VII ISSN–2278-5655 Oct - Nov 2018 THE TRENDS OF STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS TECHNIQUE IN WILLIAM FAULKNER S NOVEL THE SOUND AND THE FURY’’ Chitra Yashwant Gaidhani Assistant Professor in English, G. E. Society RNC Arts, JDB Commerce and NSC Science College, Nashik Road, Tal. & Dist. Nashik, Maharashtra, India. Abstract: The term "Stream-of-Consciousness" signifies to a technique of narration. Prior to the twentieth century. In this technique an author would simply tell the reader what one of the characters was thinking? Stream-of-consciousness is a technique whereby the author writes as though inside the minds of the characters. Since the ordinary person's mind jumps from one event to another, stream-of- consciousness tries to capture this phenomenon in William Faulkner’s novel The Sound and Fury. This style of narration is also associate with the Modern novelist and story writers of the 20th century. The Sound and the Fury is a broadly significant work of literature. William Faulkner use of this technique Sound and Fury is probably the most successful and outstanding use that we have had. Faulkner has been admired for his ability to recreate the thought process of the human mind. In addition, it is viewed as crucial development in the stream-of-consciousness literary technique. According encyclopedia, in 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. The present research focuses on stream of consciousness technique used by William Faulkner’s novel “The Sound and Fury”.
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ELEMENTS of FICTION – NARRATOR / NARRATIVE VOICE Fundamental Literary Terms That Indentify Components of Narratives “Fiction
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Stream of Consciousness Technique: Psychological Perspectives and Use in Modern Novel المنظور النفسي واستخدا
Stream of Consciousness Technique: Psychological Perspectives and Use in Modern Novel Weam Majeed Alkhafaji Sajedeh Asna'ashari University of Kufa, College of Education Candle & Fog Publishing Company Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Abstract Stream of Consciousness technique has a great impact on writing literary texts in the modern age. This technique was broadly used in the late of nineteen century as a result of thedecay of plot, especially in novel writing. Novelists began to use stream of consciousness technique as a new phenomenon, because it goes deeper into the human mind and soul through involving it in writing. Modern novel has changed after Victorian age from the traditional novel that considers themes of religion, culture, social matters, etc. to be a group of irregular events and thoughts interrogate or reveal the inner feeling of readers. This study simplifies stream of consciousness technique through clarifying the three levels of conscious (Consciousness, Precociousness and Unconsciousness)as well as the subconsciousness, based on Sigmund Freud theory. It also sheds a light on the relationship between stream of consciousness, interior monologue, soliloquy and collective unconscious. Finally, This paper explains the beneficial aspects of the stream of consciousness technique in our daily life. It shows how this technique can releaseour feelings and emotions, as well as free our mind from the pressure of thoughts that are upsetting our mind . Key words: Stream of Consciousness, Modern novel, Consciousness, Precociousness and Unconsciousness and subconsciousness. تقنية انسياب اﻻفكار : المنظور النفسي واستخدامه في الرواية الحديثة وئام مجيد الخفاجي ساجدة اثنى عشري جامعة الكوفة – كلية التربية – قسم اللغة اﻻنكليزية دار نشر كاندل وفوك الخﻻصة ان لتقنية انسياب اﻻفكار تأثير كبير على كتابة النصوص اﻻدبية في العصر الحديث.
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Narrative in Culture: the Uses of Storytelling in the Sciences
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Stream-Of-Consciousness Techniques
Stream-of-consciousness techniques • Representation of Consciousness • Rather more intricate than representations of speech in direct or indirect mode are representations of thought, which can be conceptualised as a kind of silent speech or inner speech. Obviously, it is possible simply to represent thought, just like speech, using direct or indirect discourse: • "What horrible weather they have here," he thought. (direct discourse ) • He thought that the weather in these parts was really horrible. ( indirect discourse ) Stream-of-consciousness techniques • Free indirect speech is a style of third- person narration which combines some of the characteristics of third-person report with first-person direct speech. (It is also referred to as free indirect discourse , free indirect style Stream-of-consciousness techniques • Comparison of styles • What distinguishes free indirect speech from normal indirect speech, is the lack of an introductory expression such as "He said" or "he thought". It is as if the subordinate clause carrying the content of the indirect speech is taken out of the main clause which contains it, becoming the main clause itself. Using free indirect speech may convey the character's words more directly than in normal indirect, as he can use devices such as interjections and exclamation marks, that cannot be normally used within a subordinate clause. Stream-of-consciousness techniques • Examples – Direct speech : • He laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. "And just what pleasure have I found, since I came into this world?" he asked. – Indirect speech : • He laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. He asked himself what pleasure he had found since he came into the world.
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Transmedial Narration Narratives and Stories in Different Media
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