Maurice Benayoun, Artiste

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Maurice Benayoun, Artiste 9art numérique444 Maurice Benayoun, artiste Maurice Benayoun compte, depuis plus d’une ving- trans-médias taine d’années, parmi les quelques artistes numé- riques français à être régulièrement sollicités dans le monde. Parcours chronologique autour de son travail entre deux expositions. Propos recueillis par Dominique Moulon. Art Impact (2000), installation de réalité virtuelle en réseau réalisée en collaboration avec Jean-Baptiste Barrière. Né en 1957, Maurice Benayoun Vous êtes projeté, au début des comparée (NDLR : une discipline est agrégé d’arts plastiques et années 90, sur le devant de la scène aussi imaginaire que les Quarxs enseigne, depuis 1984, à l’uni- numérique internationale suite à la eux-mêmes). Leur particularité versité Paris I. Cofondateur, en réalisation, en collaboration avec le réside dans le fait qu’ils sont 1987, de la société ZA produc- dessinateur de bande dessinée François aberrants par rapport aux lois de tion spécialisée dans les nou- Schuiten, d’une série de films en images la physique, parce que certains veaux médias, il est lauréat de la de synthèse dédiée aux “Quarxs”, des n’existent qu’un centimètre sur Villa Médicis hors les murs en êtres chimériques. Mais qui sont-ils ? deux, ne sont visibles qu’à droite 1993 pour son projet “AME” Les Quarxs (l’Elastofragmento- ou retournent le temps. On (Après Musée Explorable). plast, le Spiro Thermophage, le découvre aussi qu’ils constituent Adresse Web Maurice Benayoun est aussi Polymorpho Proximens…) sont l’unique et véritable explication Les œuvres évoquées dans directeur artistique du CITU des êtres vivants défiant les lois de l’imperfection du monde. cette interview sont docu- mentées sur le site de (Création interactive transdisci- de la nature, invisibles, omnipré- l’artiste à l’adresse : plinaire universitaire), dont il est sents, qui ont été découverts par En 1994, vous exposez Dieu est-il plat ? www.moben.net également le cofondateur. un chercheur en crypto-biologie durant “Articfices 3”. L’espace labyrin- IMAGES magazine n° 12 [ 85 ] 9art numérique444 thique de cette installation 3D en temps m’intéresse, en tant qu’artiste, Skin, une pièce qui fait référence à la réel évoque déjà celui des jeux vidéo qui, c’est d’envisager globalement guerre en ex-Yougoslavie. Que retirez- de nos jours, intéressent de nombreux des situations, en assemblant des vous de cette expérience ? artistes contemporains alors qu’ils ne images et des sons comme en Il ne s’agissait pas uniquement semblent plus faire partie de vos concevant des espaces. J’étais, de la guerre en ex-Yougoslavie, préoccupations ! lorsque je travaillais sur “Le mais aussi de la Seconde Guerre Je souhaitais, au moment où la Tunnel sous l’Atlantique”, inté- mondiale puisque Linz est égale- réalité virtuelle permettait de ressé par la confrontation d’un ment la ville où Adolf Hitler a mettre en scène certaines situa- espace physique et sa logique passé son enfance, à l’école avec tions, faire en sorte que la quête avec un espace virtuel induisant Wittgenstein. Ce n’était donc pas de Dieu soit un jeu vidéo ne ren- une autre logique. Un espace complètement innocent. Quant voyant qu’à l’image du créateur capable de se reconstruire com- au Cave, il permet de placer plu- Les Quarxs (1989-1993), série de films d’animation 3D réalisés en collaboration du monde dans lequel nous plètement autour de nos désirs sieurs individus dans une situa- avec François Schuiten. vivons, égaré dans un monde non formulés, un espace qui tion totalement immersive, créé par l’homme. Ce jeu de n’existe que parce qu’on le visite immergés dans la représentation. paradoxe qui nous renvoyait à et qui disparaît au fur et à Des individus à qui je propose une réalité - l’impossibilité de mesure de notre exploration, un une expérience collective : deve- fuir - me paraissait alors très espace qui n’est autre qu’une nir des touristes durant Un safari intéressant. Dieu est-il plat ? fait représentation symbolique de la photo au pays de la guerre. La partie d’une série d’installations mémoire, un espace où la cul- réalité virtuelle permet de créer nommée Les Grandes questions ture, le temps de la rencontre, est des situations qui nous inter- comprenant notamment Dieu présentée comme un obstacle à rogent sur des choses aussi est-il plat ?, Le diable est-il franchir pour rendre possible fortes et triviales que la guerre. courbe ?, Et moi dans tout ça. cette rencontre. Travailler l’espace World Skin, un safari photo au Jean-Paul Fargier, à l’époque, virtuel, en ce qui me concerne, pays de la guerre, à cette époque, avait dit dans Le Monde que n’a de sens que si l’on considère était au plus proche de ce que cette installation constituait le sa relation à l’espace physique. j’espérais faire dans mon travail. premier “jeu vidéo métaphy- Depuis, j’ai l’impression d’être sique”. Je pense effectivement Vous avez, en 1997, expérimenté le dispo- allé ailleurs, pas forcément plus que le jeu vidéo est en passe de sitif immersif Cave à l’Ars Electronica loin, ailleurs, dans la continuité devenir un art à proprement par- Center de Linz en Autriche avec World de ce même travail. ler, qu’il présentera des registres extrêmement variés, allant de réalisations purement ludiques à d’autres, peut-être davantage métaphysiques, critiques ou phi- losophiques. Beaucoup d’artistes travaillent aujourd’hui sur ces questions. Quant à moi, c’est autre chose qui m’intéresse maintenant. S’il existe une conti- nuité manifeste dans ma pra- tique, je ne suis généralement intéressé par une thématique que durant un temps limité. Lorsque vous concevez des événements comme “Le Tunnel sous l’Atlantique” reliant le musée d’Art contemporain de Montréal au Centre Pompidou en 1995, la mise en scène n’est-elle pas essentielle ? La rencontre avec un dispositif artistique doit être forte. Ce qui Dieu est-il plat ? (1994), installation 3D interactive de la série Les grandes questions. [ 86 ] IMAGES magazine n° 12 Vous utilisez, par exemple dans Crossing exposition sur le thème de la beauté en En haut, de gauche Talks de 1999, des technologies dédiées Avignon. De quoi s’agit-il ? à droite : World Skin à la communication par l’image vidéo. De l’idée que le numérique (1997), installation de réalité virtuelle en Cave Mais n’est-ce pas la rencontre entre les constitue une extension d’une réalisée en collaboration êtres, plus que la communication entre des capacités de la rétine. On avec Jean-Baptiste ceux-ci, qui vous intéresse ? sait en effet que ce qui est perçu Barrière. Le Tunnel sous l’Atlan- Je me souciais, lorsque j’ai pré- par celle-ci ne s’efface pas tique (1995), installation senté Crossing Talks à l’ICC de instantanément. Elle a par de télé-virtualité réali- Tokyo, de savoir pourquoi les conséquent une certaine forme sée en collaboration avec Martin Matalon. gens, tellement coupés les uns de mémoire. Une mémoire très des autres dans leurs relations courte que l’on nomme la per- Ci-contre : Crossing quotidiennes - par exemple avec sistance rétinienne qui, dans Talks (1999), installa- tions de télé-virtualité leurs voisins -, attachent tant une salle de cinéma, nous donne en Cave réalisée en d’importance aux relations qu’ils un sentiment de continuité des collaboration avec établissent en ligne avec ceux images animées alors qu’en Jean-Baptiste Barrière. qu’ils ne côtoient pas, qu’ils ne vérité, elles sont discontinues. l’aide de jumelles de réalité connaissent pas, avec qui ils Or je considère que ce que l’on virtuelle, explorent des lieux n’ont aucune proximité. C’est la regarde pourrait laisser une avignonnais ou des œuvres de question du prochain, du “pro- trace durable et que cette trace, l’exposition sur le thème de la chain numérique”. Le sous-titre lorsque l’on est plusieurs à beauté. Ainsi, le supermarché ou de ce dispositif est Communi- regarder, pourrait s’écrire sur les abattoirs peuvent se retrou- cation Rafting. Il s’agit, d’une une même surface, sur une ver gagnants face à des œuvres certaine manière, d’une espèce mémoire palimpseste collective. d’art réduites à des images. de radeau de survie puisque le On se retrouve alors face à une mode de navigation de cette ins- composition dynamique qui Le texte est un média que vous utilisez tallation est en partie inspiré de évolue en permanence, en rarement, mais il est pourtant au centre celui du radeau où le fonctionne- continu. Une trace de ce que les de Labylogue, une pièce que vous avez ment du groupe est déterminant gens regardent les uns avec les exposée au musée d’Art contemporain pour établir un équilibre. En fait, autres, de l’expérience du de Lyon en 2000. Comment est née l’idée c’est la question de la crise qui regard, une trace qui progressi- de cette collaboration avec Jean-Pierre est au cœur de ce projet, ou vement se recouvre, est effacée Balpe ? comment finalement la crise par l’expérience de l’autre. Et C’est un projet beaucoup plus crée le lien social. Doit-on néces- l’on se met à échanger quelque ancien qui s’appelait Le livre en sairement, lorsque l’on est dans chose, qui a priori ne pourrait hommage à Borges et à la une situation de crise qui ne peut l’être puisque l’on ne sait du Bibliothèque de Babel qui s’extérioriser dans le quotidien, regard des gens que ce qu’ils contient tous les livres du se construire un réseau de rela- nous disent. Mais là, ça ne passe monde, y compris ceux qui sont tion au-delà de la proximité pas par des mots.
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