the

Research Report 2017

Compiled by: Prof. Jameson Mbale

Published by the Directorate of Research, Innovation and Consultancy Office August 2018

www.cbu.edu.zm/research/2017 Report Copperbelt University Research Report 2017 Layout and Printing by Mission Press, , contents VISION STATEMENT To be an institution in which scholarship flourishes in an environment characterised by world class infrastructure and collaborative relations and supported by an accountable, transparent and efficient university governance system.

MISSION STATEMENT To contribute to the development and sustenance of the well-being of the people of Zambia and the world through provision of flexible, innovative, entrepreneurial, and inclusive programmes of teaching, learning, research and service.

iv reeasrch report 2017 MESSAGE FROM THE VICE-CHANCELLOR

he Copperbelt University one of our key objectives. The (CBU) continues to grow university has established and Tas Zambia’s flagship, and is aiming at commercializing research-led university. In the research and collaborating with year under review CBU managed the industry through technology to fulfil its mandate and obligation improvement and transfer that particularly in accordance with the will contribute to industrialization Strategic Research Objectives leading to growth of the economy. of the 2014-2018 Strategic The theme, therefore, of the CBU Plan. With very few exceptions, 2017 research report is “Research the academic staff who teach for Impact”, chosen to illustrate undergraduate and postgraduate our passion to conduct research courses are research active which is of benefit to the Zambian within their disciplines. CBU staff community and internationally. produce research outputs across a very wide range of subjects For the reason that the university within the different schools recognizes the excellence and units – Built Environment, in research and innovation, Business, Engineering, going forward, the university is Information and Communication considering awarding a research PROF. NAISON NGOMA Technology, Medicine, Mines and medal as well as an innovation Mineral Sciences, Mathematics medal every academic year to and Natural Sciences, the most deserving staff members Natural Resources, and Dag as a way of encouraging them to Hammarskjold Institute for Peace develop research and innovative and Conflict Studies - which ideas that have major impact on make up our comprehensive 21st-century society. This is in line university. The dedication of the with our Mission. members of staff to research and innovation conveys our sense of Please help me congratulate vision and mission to become the our researchers both staff and preferred leader in research and postgraduate students for their innovations. endeavors and achievements in 2017. I hope you enjoy the 2017 The CBU research and innovation research report and get a sense of culture is characterised by its our passion, expertise, reliability, ability to adapt quickly to the and innovative nature as you read needs and requirements of the through it. society. Through research, the Copperbelt University is striving to contribute to the benefit of Zambia and its people- as this is

reeasrch report 2017 1 MESSAGE FROM THE DEPUTY VICE-CHANCELLOR

he Copperbelt University For instance, the university is striving to be a research has taken the threat of Mukula Tintensive university that is tree (Pterocarpus Chrysothrix) locally relevant and internationally extinction in Zambia head on competitive. This report confirms by trying to find means of seed significant progress in this regard propagation and preservation and also demonstrates the through research. In addition, future research direction for the solutions are being birthed university. Research activity at concerning environmental the University has successfully sustainability with regards to navigated from 2016 as evidenced profitable use of solid waste by the peer reviewed journal (particularly copper tailings) from publications in this report. CBU mining through on-going research members of staff from various at the university. schools and directorates were actively involved in both basic and It is exciting to see that the applied research. number of publications has risen after experiencing a drop It is well known that there is a in 2016; a total of 141 research paradigm shift in the way research results/outputs were published DR. SHADRECK CHAMA is being carried out. Emphasis is an increase from 110 published being made on multidisciplinary in 2016. This represents a 28% research and innovation in order to increase. We are not comfortable find solutions to complex societal with this positive change and as challenges that transcends such we would like to have more individual sectors and thus require innovative research that will lead combined intellectual effort to be to not only publications but also solved. Universities are a home to patentable innovations that can for such research. In view of lead to commercialization. this, the Copperbelt University is taking steps forward towards I wish you an enriching experience development and sustenance of as you read this latest edition the well-being of the people of of the Copperbelt University Zambia and the world through Research and Innovations Report innovation promotion, according for the year 2017. to our mission statement. Our members of staff and students in various schools and units are engaged in research that will enable us address some of the issues facing the society today.

2 reeasrch report 2017 MESSAGE FROM THE INAUGRAL DIRECTOR DIRECTORATE OF RESEARCH, INNOVATION AND CONSULTANCY (DRIC)

World-wide, universities have commercialization, the Directorate changed the way academic of Research, Innovation and research is conducted rather Consultancy (DRIC) has than theoretical without any embarked on the programme of tangible results. Currently, some training its existing staff on the universities are strictly adhering to use of intellectual property (IP) to the 1980, Bayh-Dole Act , which transform its research output into a emphasized that, “university business venture. The Directorate patenting and licensing efforts have has capitalized on some of the fostered the commercialization regional and international IP of many new technological programmes conducted by some advances that impact the lives organizations. For instance, the of millions of people across recently employed Research the nation”. Similarly to that, Development Officers underwent the World Intellectual Property short training in Patent Design Organization (WIPO) stressed at Africa Regional Intellectual that, “universities and public Property Organization (ARIPO) research organizations are using whose headquarters is in Harare, their intellectual property to boost . The fully fledged research and spur innovative capacity building in IP, equipped PROF. JAMESON MBALE start-ups”. Hence, the Copperbelt the staff with IP skills that will be University is not an exception instrumental in enabling them to and has joined the rest of the guide academics in undertaking world to commercialize research research of commercial value output(s) in all of its schools and and also assist in determining directorates. In the year under patentable work. review, one hundred and fourty one (141) papers were published As we move into the future, we urge in peer reviewed journals at our researchers at Copperbelt national and international levels. University to utilize the technical In addition, sixty five (65) papers capacity/skills in IP available at were accepted and presented at the DRIC in carrying out their different national, regional and work. Hopefully this should result international conferences. There in increased IP commercialization has been a remarkable marked at Copperbelt University. increase in patent filings by the University, in 2016 three patents were filed while in 2017 XXX patents were successfully filed.

In the quest of attaining

reeasrch report 2017 3 Table 1. The Current Status of Patent Applications for the Copperbelt University PATENT No. Status 15/2016 Awaiting Acceptance 24/2016 Provisional Acceptance 2017 Provisional Acceptance

Table 2: Summary of 2017 publications Peer Reviewed Conferences Schools Journals Book Chapters Built Environment 9 17 Business 13 1 Engineering 8 2 11 Information and Communication Technology 1 7 Mathematics and Natural Sciences 15 2 6 Medicine 62 9 Mines and Mineral Sciences 7 12 Natural Resources 12 Dag Hammarskjold Institute for Peace and 5 Conflict Studies Kapasa Makasa University 9 2 Totals 141 4 65

Table 3: Summary of Publications from 2014 to 2017

Year Peer Reviewed Journals Conference Papers

2014 102 67 2015 131 69 2016 110 88 2017 141 65

4 reeasrch report 2017 Figure 1: Journal Publications Trend (2014-2016)

Figure 2: Conference Papers Trend (2014-2016)

reeasrch report 2017 5 SCHOOL RESEARCH COORDINATORS

Prof. R. A. Chileshe Dr. B. M. K. Mwiya Dr. W. M. Mwaku School of the Built Environment School of Business School of Engineering

Mrs. E. Samuels Prof. V. Mwanakasale Mr. Wilfred Mwenya School of Mathematics and School of Medicine School of Mines and Mineral Natural Sciences Sciences

Prof. S. Syampungani Dr. J. Kangwa Kapasa Makasa University School of Natural Resources Dag Hammarskjold Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies

Dr. C. Banda School of the Built Environment

6 reeasrch report 2017 Prof. Jameson Mbale Dr. B. M. K. Mwiya School of Business

Mwale C. Mumba Mercy M. Fandamu

reeasrch report 2017 7 Delta E nvironment Built Consultants

8 reeasrch report 2017 SCHOOL OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

The combined effect of a growing economy, population growth and urbanisation has seen more demand for land and space for both urban and rural development. The School of the Built Environment (SBE), established in 1981 as the School of Environmental Studies (SES) within the Ndola Campus (UNZANDO), has produced hundreds of graduates in architecture, construction economics and management, real estate and urban and regional planning to work in the real estate and construction sector. This work has contributed to the production of the cityscape seen in cities and towns around Zambia. Our graduates have worked as planners, architects, quantity surveyors, project manager, construction managers, valuers, property managers, and property finance and investment consultants. Besides working in Zambia and the Southern African region, many have found employment in countries as far afield as Canada, Australia, India, US and UK.

Growth in the Zambia economy and advances in technology also means that universities, like the Copperbelt University, embark on providing graduates not only at undergraduate level, but also at postgraduate level. In this regard, the School of the Built Environment besides its five undergraduate programmes (i.e. Bachelor of Architecture, Bachelor of Prof. Ephraim Kabunda Science in Quantity Surveying, Bachelor of Science in Construction Munshifwa - Dean Management, Bachelor of Science in Real Estate Studies and Bachelor of Science in Urban and Regional Planning) is also running a number About the School of postgraduate programmes. These programmes include, an MSc in he Zambian construction Project Management, Master of Urban and Regional Planning, MPhil industry has in the recent in Urban and Regional Planning, MSc in Real Estate Finance and Tpast seen massive injection Development, MPhil in Real Estate Studies, PhD in Urban and Regional of capital into new projects. Planning and PhD in Real Estate Studies. These projects range from public infrastructure such as roads, Conferences airports, water and sanitation while The School, representing the Copperbelt University, and in collaboration private developments include with the University of Johannesburg and University of Zambia also shopping malls, industrial and hosts an international conference on Development of Infrastructure and residential complexes around the Investment in Africa. The 2017 conference under the theme “Infrastructure country. It is a well known fact that and Sustainable Development – Impact of Regulatory and Institutional a buoyant construction industry Framework”, was held from 30th August to 1st September 2018; with is a sign of a good performing the major sponsors being the National Council for Construction and economy. This is equally true Universal Mining and Chemical Industries Limited (Kafue Steel). for Zambia. The recovery of the construction sector from the slumbers of the early 1990s and before had signalled a recovery in economic fortunes for the country; with the World Bank reporting a GDP growth of 4% in 2018; an increase from 3.9% in 2017

reeasrch report 2017 9 Dr Franco Muleya chairing a session at 2017 DII Dr Franco Muleya chairing a session at 2017 DII Conference Conference

Prof. Shumba receiving a certificate on behalf of CBU CBU Alumni stand for a photo at the end of the 2017 DII from Dr Mwanaumo at the 2017 DII Conference. conference.

Professor Shumba and Mrs Malunga happily receiving a Professor Shumba delivering his keynote speech. certificate on behalf of CBU.

10 reeasrch report 2017 Current Research • Association of Schools of Construction of Southern Africa 1. Chileshe, R. A. (PI), Taylor, T. K. (CI), Muwowo, F. M. (CI), Jain, N. (CI) & Shamaoma H - Investigating • National Council for Construction customary land tenure and spatial planning in • National Housing Authority urban fringes of Zambia: A case of north of City. Funded by the Copperbelt University. • Knight Frank Ltd 2. Heimonen, I.., Jung, N., Malama, A., Makashini, • Sherwood Greene L., Mudenda, P., Kauert, X. & Katongo, B. - • Government Valuation Department Showing the sustainable lifestyle behaviour and technologies for energy efficient households in • Ministry of Lands, Water and Natural Resources Zambia. Copperbelt University (CBU) and VTT • Ministry of Local Government and Housing Technical Research Centre of Finland ltd Project in UNEP 10YFP SLE Programme. • Ministry of Works and Supply 3. Muleya, F. (CBU), Chilukwa, N. (NCC), Mutale, B. • Ministry of Education (NCC), Chiwenbe, T. (NCC) & Malundu, C. (NCC). • Kafue Gorge Regional Training Centre - Evaluating the benefits of the 20% subcontractor policy pronouncement to local contractors in • Zambia Institute of Estate Agents Zambia. Project funded by the National Roads Fund Agency (NRFA) and spearheaded by the Consultancies School of the Built Environment and the School of 1. Munshifwa, E.K., Chileshe, R.A., & Jain, N. (2017). Engineering. Urban Influence, customary land tenure and rural 4. Nondo, C., Simushi, S., Muleya, F., Lungu, A., livelihoods in Zambia: A case of Lufwanyama Milandu, C., Chiponde, D., Mutale, L., Silungwe, district on the Copperbelt. USAID/TGCC Research C. & Ziko, J. M. - Analysis of Aggregates for Project. Construction in Zambia. Research Project funded by the Copperbelt University. Peer Reviewed Journal Papers 5. Watson, V. (PI), Sichone, O. (CI), Muwowo, F. (CI), 1. Chileshe, R. A., Jain, N., & Remmy, C. (2017). Chileshe, R.A. (Supervisor) & Jain N (Supervisor) Customary land tenure disputes and rural - Governing Food Systems to Alleviate Poverty in livelihoods in Zambia: Case of Ufwenuka Chiefdom Secondary Cities in Africa. Funded by ESRC and in Southern Province. Greener Journal of Social DFID. Sciences, 7 (3), pp. 22-33. DOI: 10.15580/ GJSS.2017.3.060817072 Future research 2. Muleya, F & Kamalondo, H. (2017). An 1. Muleya, F., Lungu, A., Nondo, C., Simushi, S., investigation of waste management practices Milandu, C., Chiponde, D., Mutale, L., Silungwe, in the Zambian Construction industry. Journal of C. T. & Ziko, J. M. - Investigating the quality of Building Construction and Planning Research, concrete blocks in the informal sector in . Volume 5, No.1, pp. 1-13 2. Muleya, F., Lungu, A., Nondo, C., Simushi, S., 3. Munshifwa, E. K., Makashini-Masiba, L. & Chileshe, Milandu, C., Chiponde, D., Mutale, L., Silungwe, C. (2017). Exploring the interface between formal C. T. & Ziko, J. M. - Investigating the partial and informal real estate markets in facilitating replacement of Cement in Concrete Using Slag legally binding transactions in Zambian cities. form Copper Mining Smelters in the Copperbelt Urban Forum. First Online: 06 September, 2017 province of Zambia. (now 2018, Vol. 29 (1), pp. 19-32. DOI: 10.1007/ s12132-017-9315-2 Partnerships and Linkages 4. Munshifwa, E. K., Ngoma, W. & Makenja, I. (2017). Major determinant of physical development on The School has continued to forge relationships with urban residential land: the case of Kalulushi industry in order to ensure that university curricula and Municipality, Zambia. International Journal of graduates from these programmes remain relevant to Social Science Studies, 5 (6), pp. 79-89. DOI: society and industry. The School has members of its 10.11114/ijsss.v5i6.2434. staff sitting on various licencing Boards and Councils of professional bodies such as the Zambia Institute of 5. Mushinge, A. & Chunda-Mwango, N. (2017). Architects (ZIA), Surveyors Institute of Zambia (SIZ), Assessment of Land Governance System in Zambia Institute of Planners (ZIP) and the Valuation Preventing State Land Conflicts in Zambia. Surveyors Registration Board (VSRB). Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(12). Other Associations and Organisations that the school 6. Mushinge, A. (2017). Assessment of the Lands works closely with are:

reeasrch report 2017 11 Tribunal in Resolving State Land Conflicts in 188, ISBN: 978-0-620-74121-7. Zambia. Journal of Research on Humanities and 6. Tembo, S. C. K., Cross, R.., Muhammed, M. & Social Sciences, 7 (18), pp. 16-23. Nyalunga, S. (30 August - 1 September, 2017). 7. Tembo-Silungwe, C. K. & Khatleli, N. (2017). An Investigation into Areas of Dissatisfaction A conceptual model for risk allocation in the in the South African Residential Sector Post- Construction Industry. American Journal of Construction: A Case of Gauteng Province, 4th Applied Sciences, 14 (7), pp. 690-700. International Conference on Development and Investment in Infrastructure - Strategies for Africa, 8. Tembo-Silungwe C. K. & Khatleli, N. (2017). Livingstone, Zambia, pp 58-67, ISBN: 978-0-620- An investigation into contract practices used 74121-7 in the Zambian building sector. Journal of Construction, 10 (2), pp. 11-24. 7. Ziko M. J., Mutale, L. & Moyo, M. (30 August - 1 September, 2017). An Evaluation into Improving 9. Tembo-Silungwe C. K. & Khatleli, N. (2017). Facility Management through the Use of Building Deciphering priority areas for improving project Information Modelling in the Zambian Construction risk management through critical analysis of Industry, 4th International Conference on pertinent risks. Acta Structilia, 24 (2), pp.1-43. Development and Investment in Infrastructure -

Strategies for Africa, Livingstone, Zambia, pp 75- Conference Papers 82, ISBN: 978-0-620-74121-7 1. Chiponde, B. D., Tembo, K. C., Mthembu, S., 8. Zulu, S. & Muleya, F. (11-13 June 2017). & Chisefu, W. (30 August - 1 September, 2017). Exploring student perceptions on sustainability Effectiveness of Employee Retention Plan as considerations in procurement decisions in a Strategy for reducing Labour Turnover in the Zambia, Joint CIB W099 & TG59 International Zambian Construction Industry, 4th International Safety, Health, and People in Construction Conference on Development and Investment in Conference, Bloemfontein, South Africa, pp 488- Infrastructure - Strategies for Africa, Livingstone, 498, ISBN: 978-1-920508-78-4 Zambia, pp 353-362, ISBN: 978-0-620-74121-7 9. Zulu, S. & Muleya F. (30 August - 1 September, 2. Chiponde, B. D., Tembo C. K. Milandu C., Mutale, 2017). An Audit of Embedding Sustainability P. L., & Mitembo, L. (30 August - 1 September, Elements in Built Environment Education 2017). Assessing the Application of Strategic in Zambia, 4th International Conference on Planning in Improving Competitiveness of Small Development and Investment in Infrastructure - and Medium Scale Contractors the Zambian Strategies for Africa, Livingstone, Zambia, pp 286- Construction Industry, 4th International Conference 295, ISBN: 978-0-620-74121-7 on Development and Investment in Infrastructure - Strategies for Africa, Livingstone, Zambia, , pp 94- Conference Presentations 103, ISBN: 978-0-620-74121-7 1. Kaunda, B.S. & Chibale, I. (2017). A Comparative 3. Kaunda, S. B., & Chibale, A. I. (30 August - 1 Study Between ‘Traditional and Green’ Lease September, 2017), A Comparative Study between Provisions in Tenanted Office Buildings: The ‘Traditional and Green’ Lease Provisions in Case of Lusaka’s CBD DII-2017, Conference Tenanted Office Buildings: The Case of Lusaka, on Infrastructure Development and Investment 4th International Conference on Development and Strategies for Africa-Livingstone. Investment in Infrastructure - Strategies for Africa, Livingstone, Zambia, pp 420-425, ISBN: 978-0- 2. Kwenye, J. & Chunda-Mwango, N. (19 - 22 June 620-74121-7 2017). Lessons for REDD+ implementation: Insights from assessment of forest governance 4. Mukalula, P., & Mundia, M. (30 August - 1 in the Joint Forest Management System September, 2017), Evaluating Financial Risks in Zambia: A case study of Katanino Joint in Zambia’s Public Private Partnership Projects Forest Management. Paper presented at the – The Case of the UNZA East Park Mall and Insaka International Symposium on Kasumbalesa Border Post, 4th International “Enhancing Social ecological systems Conference on Development and Investment in adaptive capacity to change: Infrastructure - Strategies for Africa, Livingstone, Focusing on sectors such as water, Zambia, pp 210-218, ISBN: 978-0-620-74121-7 agriculture, forestry, wildlife, protected areas”, 5. Phiri, A. D. & Kaunda, S. B. (30 August - 1 Sun Karros Resort, Daan Viljoen National Park, September, 2017). Leveraging Land Based Windhoek, . Resources and Instruments for financing Urban 3. Makashini, L. & Shumba, O. (20 October, 2017). Infrastructure Development: A Case of Kitwe Managing building and technological requirements: City, Zambia, 4th International Conference on Prospecting opportunities for resilient, sustainable Development and Investment in Infrastructure - and green building technologies in the context Strategies for Africa, Livingstone, Zambia, pp 178-

12 reeasrch report 2017 of local universities. Paper presented to the 7. Shumba, O., Makashini, L., Musonda, F., Zambia Higher Education Authority conference Musonda, A & Nkonde, W. (20 October, 2017). on the theme ‘Management of Higher Education Relevance and Efficacy of Centres for Academic Institutions in Zambia’, Radisson Blue Hotel, Development (CADS) in Strategic Management Lusaka. and Quality Assurance Services in Universities. Paper presented to the Zambia Higher Education 4. Mohareb, E., Mudenda, P., & Makashini L., (25 – Authority conference on the theme ‘Management 29 June, 2017). Urban resource dynamics over of Higher Education Institutions in Zambia’ commodity cycles - an urban metabolism case Radisson Blue Hotel, Lusaka. study of the Zambian Copperbelt. Presented at the 9th Biennial Conference of the International 8. Mutwale-Ziko, J., Lushinga, N., & Akakandelwa, Society for Industrial Ecology, Chicago, USA. I. (2017). An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Health and Safety Inductions Practices in the 5. Munshifwa, E. K. (20-24 March, 2017). Land Zambian Construction Industry. World Academy of Value Capture in support of city infrastructure in Science, Engineering and Technology (WASET) Zambia: Challenges and door-step conditions for Conference paper. adoption. Paper prepared for presentation at the “2017 World Bank Annual Conference on Land Keynote speech and Poverty”, The World Bank, Washington DC. 1. Munshifwa, E.K. (26 May, 2017). Land grabbing 6. Phiri, D.A. & Kaunda, B. S. (2017). Leveraging & peri-urban development. Keynote speech Land Based Resources and Instruments for presented at the Institute for Housing and Urban financing Urban Infrastructure Development: A Development Studies (Netherlands), Copperbelt Case of Kitwe City, Zambia. DII-2017 Conference University and Chingola Municipal Council on Infrastructure Development and Investment Seminar on “Land grabbing and the vulnerable - Strategies for Africa-Livingstone. Securing land for the poor and women in the peri- urban”, Golden Zambezi Lodge, Lusaka.

reeasrch report 2017 13 14 reeasrch report 2017 SCHOOL OF BUSINESS members of staff are affiliated to a number of local and international professional bodies which have been contributing to Continuous Professional Development (CPD) and reorganising undergraduate research papers which are in turn published in peer reviewed journals.

Further, the School also provides consultancy services to industry and not for profit organisations through the Executive MBA programme in major functional areas of Accounting, Finance, Marketing, Human Resource Management, Transport and Logistics, Project Management, Operations and Supply Chain Management and General Management. The School has experts in all fields of business management and economics, and the experts are grouped into teams that handle specific areas of consultancy as follows: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) services, project management, business process re-engineering and productivity improvement, business development, finance, audit and tax, strategic management, corporate governance and economics.

Research Focus The Copperbelt University Business School creates and works through research clusters to drive the research agenda for the school. The Prof. Sumbye Kapena - following are the research clusters aimed at spearheading cross-function Dean and multidisciplinary research within the School, University and outside:

1. Innovation and Operations Management (IOM) Cluster - The focus About the School is researching, consulting, devising, implementing and evaluating The School of Business has supply chains, project and contract management, production and seen significant growth since operations, transport and logistics for organizational effectiveness and its inception in 1978 in terms competitiveness; of students’ enrolment and publications. Currently, the school 2. Governance, Finance and Performance Management (GFPM) Cluster has over 2700 registered students - The focus is research and consulting on the governance, finance, studying various programmes performance and Human Resource management systems of small and under the regular and evening large organisations within the private, public and third sectors; modes. Further, the favourable 3. Employment and Economic Development (EED) Cluster- the focus is funding response from the Senate on the macro and micro economic issues impacting employment and Research and Grants Committee economic development rates, levels, type and structures. The cluster has contributed to the over 35% conducts Macro and Micro Economic studies and analyses; including growth in research publications public finance, financial sector and labour market studies; and compared to 2016 and over 40% growth in collaborative research 4. Enterprise, Marketing and Strategy (EMS) cluster-The focus is mainly due to the introduction of researching, consulting, devising, implementing and evaluating research clusters. mechanisms to meet needs of consumers, customers and stakeholders in new, existing, small or large organisations. This cluster aims at The School continues to record a promoting research directed at improving capability of small and large good number of fellows returning businesses, fostering and developing entrepreneurial and innovative from PhD studies and an increase activities in local and national firms and promoting knowledge transfer in professorial awards to senior into SMEs. lecturers which has also contributed to research capacity and PhD student enrolments. Additionally,

reeasrch report 2017 15 Current Research Impediments Faced by Zambian Home Grown Companies in raising Capital through the Lusaka 1. Bwalya J., Mwiya B., Shambweka, S.B., Chawala Stock Exchange (LuSE). M., Mwale, M., Chanda, H., & Sikombe, S., National Survey of University Students’ Education 17. Mwiya, B & Wang, Y. - Applicability of the Theory Experiences in Zambia: a SERVPERF Perspective. of Planned Behaviour in a developing collectivist country: Entrepreneurial Intention Evidence from 2. Chabala, M., Mwiya, B., & Shikaputo, G., - Testing public and private Universities in Zambia. the Theory of Planned Behaviour in the Zambian Context, a focus on a Public University. 18. Mwiya, B., A. - Comparative study of Entrepreneurial Intention between participants and 3. Chanda, H., Mwiya, B., Shambweka, S.B., non-participants in Entrepreneurship Education. Chawala M., Mwale M., Bwalya J., & Sikombe S. - National Survey of University Students’ 19. Mwiya, B., Shambweka S.B., Chawala M., Mwale Education Experiences in Zambia: a SERVQUAL M., Chanda H., Bwalya J., Sikombe S. - Survey Perspective. of University Students’ Education Experiences in Zambia: a SERVQUAL perspective on a public 4. Chawala, M, Shambweeka, S.B, Bwalya, J., university. Mwiya, B., Chawala, M., Mwale, M., Chanda, H., & Sikombe, S., National Survey of University 20. Simasiku, P. L. - Using a Logistical Model to Students’ Education Experiences in Zambia: a Organise Small Scale Suppliers in Zambia’s Gender Perspective. Horticulture Industry. 5. Fandamu, H., - Assessing the dynamic linkages 21. Mwiya, B., Phiri, J., Shikaputo, C., Kafwembe, Y., between exchange rate and inflation using the Muyenga, A. & Sikabbwele, K. - Opportunities Dynamic conditional correlation GARCH (DCC- and Challenges of SME financing in Zambia: An MGARCH). Evaluation of the Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission (CEEC). 6. Fandamu, M., and Fandamu, H. - The Impact of Sand mining on Poverty reduction in . 22. Mwiya, B., Shambweka, S.B., Sikombe, S., Bwalya, J., Chanda, H., Chawala, M. - National Survey of 7. Fandamu,,H., - Exchange rate pass through and University Students’ Education Experiences in inflation dynamics in Zambia. Zambia: a Quality perspective. 8. Kafwembe, Y. - SME Financing in Zambia – 23. Mwiya, B., Phiri J.,,Shikaputo, C., Chawala, M., Improving Finance for SMEs in Zambia. Muyenga, A. & Sakala, E. - National Survey of 9. Kamanga, P., Mapoma, R., & Mwanza, G. - The University Students’ Business Start-up Intention: Effectiveness and Impact of By Laws on Traders Policy and Education Implications. in Chisokone Market in Kitwe. 24. Simasiku, P. L. - Integrating Small Scale Farmers 10. Kapena, S. & Mudenda, C. - Addressing Constraints Produce into the Chain Stores in Zambia. Facing Small Scale Farmer Cooperatives to 25. Phiri, J., Mwiya, B., Mbandama, N., Sikombe, S. Improve Maize Marketing in Zambia: A Case & Kamanga, P. - Goals Versus Practices: The Study of Copperbelt Province. Design and Implementation of a performance 11. Kunda, L., Chongo, A., & Chikumbi, F. - Real management system in a public university In exchange rate misalignment and economic growth Zambia. in Zambia. 26. Seshamani, V., Zombe, C., Phiri, C., & Chibwe. F. - 12. Sikombe, S., Maliti, B., Lesa, C.N. & Manchisi, R. - Inflation and Trade Openness. An Empirical Assessment of the Main Predictors of 27. Shambweeka, S. B., Bwalya J., Mwiya, B., Chanda, Social Project Outcome Sustainability in Zambia. H., Sikombe, S., & Chawala, M. - National Survey 13. Mulenga, E. M., Mulenga, P., Daka, L., & Kapita, of University Students’ Education Experiences in P. - An Empirical Investigation of the Determinants Zambia: an Interdisciplinary Perspective. of Under-5 Mortality in Zambia. 28. Shikaputo, C., Lungu, J., & Sakala, E. - Corporate 14. Mulenga, G., Munyonzwe, C., Mulongoti, M., & Governance Challenges in State Owned Mbandama, N. - Adoption and Implementation of Enterprises in Zambia: A Structural Approach. IFRs for SMEs in Zambia: An Early Evaluation. 29. Shikaputo, C., Lungu, J., Burton, B., & Dunne, T. 15. Mwenya, D.K., Munyonzwe, C., Shikaputo, C., & - China’s Growing but Contested Investment in Lungu, J. - Zambia’s Industrialisation Programme: Zambia: Implications for Corporate Governance. What role can LUSE play? 16. Mwenya, D.K., Munyonzwe, C., Shikaputo, Partnerships and Linkages C. & Lungu, J. - An Investigation of De-facto The school is a member of and has entered into

16 reeasrch report 2017 partnerships with various bodies including: and Customer Satisfaction in Zambian Banks. International Review of Management and Business 1. Bank of Zambia Research Vol. 6 Issue 1. www.irmbrjournal.com 2. The Koffi Annan School of Business (Netherlands) 5. Mainza M., Chongo A. & Daka L., (2017). Money 3. The Association of African Business Schools Growth and Inflation in Zambia. International (AABS) Journal of Social Science and Economic Research. ISSN 2455-8834. 4. The Black Country Chamber of Commerce 6. Mudenda, C. & Guga D. (2017). An Assessment (Wolverhampton – UK) of the Relationship between Service Quality 5. The National Economic Advisory Council (NEAC). and Customer Satisfaction-A Case of a Public Passenger Road Transportation Company in 6. The National Technology Business Center (NTBC). Zambia. International Review of Business and Management Research, Volume 6, Issue 2. 7. Citibank Zambia 7. Mudenda, C. (2017). Road Tolling in Zambia. 8. Zambia Institute of Chartered Accountants (ZICA) A Literature Review. International Journal of Sciences, Basic and Applied Research, Volume Zambia National Commercial Bank (ZANACO) 9. 32, No 2, pp 105-115. 10. Chartered Institute of Management Accountants 8. Mudenda, C., & Mwale, I. (2017). Assessment (CIMA) of Challenges Associated with Centralised 11. Association of Chartered and Certified Accountants Procurement System in a Quasi-Government (ACCA) Company. International Review of Social Sciences Vol. 5 Issue 11. 12. Zambia Institute of Marketing (ZIM) 9. Mwiya, B., Wang, Y. , Shikaputo, C. , Kaulungombe, 13. Zambia Institute of Purchasing and Supply (ZIPS) B. & Kayekesi, M. (2017). Predicting the Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students: 14. School of Monetary Studies () Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour in Zambia, Africa. Open Journal of Business and Consultancies Management, 5, 592-610. https://doi.org/10.4236/ 1. SOS Kitwe-Leadership Development and Project ojbm.2017.5405 Management Training workshop from 19th March 2018 to 23rd March 2018. 10. Simasiku, P.L. & Sikombe, S. (2017). Benchmarking the Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) for 2. Shikaputo, C., Lungu, J., Chabala M., Choongo., Effective Business Engagement. Academic Mwiya B. & Kalaba E. - The Role of Finance on Education Journal. Available from:https://www. Firm Growth: Impact Evaluation of the Business academia.edu/24559931/Benchmarking_the_ Partners International (BPI) Southern Africa Small Local_Enterprise_Partnerships_LEPs_for_ and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Fund. Working Effective_Business_Engagement with the Amsterdam Institute of International 11. Mwiya, B., Chikumbi, F., Shikaputo, C., Kabala, Development (AIID) and the Dutch Development E., Kaulung ’ombe, B., & Siachinji, B. (2017). Bank (FMO)…US$40,000 Base-line study, then Examining Factors Influencing E-Banking US$40,000 mid-term study and US$40,000 end- Adoption: Evidence from Bank Customers in line study. Zambia. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 7, 741–759. https://doi. Peer Reviewed Journal Papers org/10.4236/ajibm.2017.76053 1. Mwiya, B., Bwalya, J., Siachinji, B., Sikombe, S., 12. Phiri, J. (2017). Institutional Phiralism, two public Chanda, H., & Chawala, M. (2017). Higher Education theory and performance reporting practices in Quality and Student Satisfaction Nexus: Evidence Zambia’s Health Sector. Journal of Accounting in from Zambia. Creative Education, 8, 1044–1068. Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2017.87076. 13. Shikaputo, C., Burton B., & Dunne T. (2017). The 2. Chikumbi F. (2017). Copper Prices and Exchange nature and potential of corporate governance Rate Movements in Zambia. International Journal in developing countries: Zambian perceptions. of Applied Research. ISSN 2394-7500. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 3. Daka L., Sumbye K., Fandamu F., & Phiri C. 30 Issue: 6, pp.1257-1287. https://doi.org/10.1108/ (2017). The Impact of External Debt on Zambia’s AAAJ-08-2015-2208 Economic Growth: An ARDL Approach. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Vol.8, Work in Progress Journal Articles No.8, 2017. 1. Mwiya, B., Kayekesi M., Musokwa P. & Wang Y. 4. Sichinsabwe, C., Chishimba, K. C. & Sikombe, S. (2017). Exploring the influence of financial literacy (2017). A Comparative Study of Service Quality on entrepreneurial intention: Evidence from the

reeasrch report 2017 17 Zambia Context. A perspective from Study Modes. 2. Mwiya, B., Musokwa, P., Chilela, N., & Kayekesi, P. Conference Papers (2017). Exploring factors influencing the intention to use mortgage finance for home-ownership: 1. Mwiya, B., Siachinji, B., Bwalya, J., Sikombe, S., evidence from Copperbelt, Zambia. Chanda, H., & Chawala, M. (20 Oct 2017) The Effects of Higher Education Quality on Student 3. Mwiya, B., Chisanga-Zulu, S., Kaulungombe, B., Satisfaction and Loyalty, conference sub-theme Bwalya, J., Wang, Y., & Kayekesi, M. (2017). The -Quality Assurance in Higher Education, Overall mediating role of employee commimment in the Conference theme- Management of Higher relationship between entrepreneurial orientation Education Institutions (HEIs) in Zambia (MHEIZ) and SME performance. held at Radisson Blu Hotel, Lusaka. Conference 4. Mwiya, B., Sakala E., Choongo, A., Muyenga, host and convener: Higher Education Authority, A., & Kaulung’ombe, B. (2017). The mediating Zambia. role of passion in the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and SME performance. 5. Mwiya, B., Bwalya, J., Siachinji, B., Chanda, H., & Sikombe, S. (2017). Exploring the Servqual Model in the Zambian Higher Education Context:

18 reeasrch report 2017 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

worldwide community. The school’s strategy is to align itself with a broad group of stakeholders, research funding agencies, industrial partners etc in order to create the environment and opportunities that meets its goals. Research Focus The research activities are diverse and include local material, concrete mix, internal combustion engines, biofuels, infinite element modelling, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), nanotechnology, solar energy, renewable energy, mini hydro power, smart grids, load frequency control, and many more. Current Research 1. Mix design and casting in pressure on structural properties of Sawdust Concrete for possible use in construction. 2. Effects of n-butanol fuel blends on engine ware. 3. Load frequency control optimization (Case Study research of the Power System in Zambia). 4. Timber drying kiln for small scale entrepreneurs. Future Research 1. Biogas and power generation at Nkana Water and Sewerage. 2. Mini Hydro power generation. Dr. Francis Mulolani - 3. Solar power generation / CEC collaboration (1 MW). 4. Solar and food growing SunFarming. Dean 5. Engine research CFD. About the School Partnerships and Linkages The School of Engineering (SE), established in 2010 formerly known 1. Education Partnership in Africa (EPA) with UNZA, CBU and University of as School of Technology is situated Manchester for collaborative research and consultancies. at the Copperbelt University (CBU) in 2. TAZARA collaboration for long term courses in Railway engineering, short the Copperbelt province, city of Kitwe courses, research and consultancy. in Zambia. The school comprises 3. ZAF-RESEARCH, Consultancy and teaching. rigorous undergraduate, postgraduate programs in various fields which 4. Kitwe Trades- Mechatronics include: (Hon) Mechanical, 5. ZASTI for collaboration in the development of the aerospace transport Mechatronics, Aeronautical, program and research. Electrical, Telecommunication and 6. University of Lancaster, United Kingdom – project titled: Development of . These programs mini hydro power generation in rural communities in Africa. were introduced in 2014/5 following 7. TAZARA three tier collaboration: Teaching and Training, Research and Senate ratification in 2008. Consultancy. The school is a home to over 1000 Consultancies plus engineering undergraduate The School has set-up Consultancy and Research groups in different students and about 20 post- Departments with members who are specialized in their respective groups. The grad students (with scholarships) School conducts consultancy services in various areas such as: conducting research in diverse areas. 1. Renewable Energy& Internal Combustion Engines (Solar, Wind, Biomass The school is composed of about and Geothermal, Biofuels) 62 members of staff. The school enrols about 200-250 students 2. Manufacturing Design and Automation (Fabrication, casting, forming, per year in second year of study. machining and foundry, Plant Automation, systems modeling and The CBU School of Engineering mechatronics) aspires to be build top-level research 3. Consultancy and short courses in Aeronautical collaborations and become leaders 4. Soil analysis, Aggregate and Cube Tests in Civil Department in high level research that impacts a

reeasrch report 2017 19 Book Chapters Rural Farms in Zambia-A Case Study of a Farm in Lufwanyama”, Presented at Power Africa 1. Book: Developments in Combustion Technolo- Conference, South Africa,. gy, “Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Blends: n –butanol- Diesel (D2); and Dual Al- 3. Mulenga, R., Kalezhi, J. & Musonda, S. (5th to cohols: n- Butanol- Methanol with Gasoline in in- 7th September 2017). “Integration and Remote ternal combustion Engines” Chapter 7: Authors: Monitoring of Wireless Sensor Networks in the Siwale, L., Kristof, L., Adam, T., Bereczky,A., Mbar- Development of SMART Villages”, International awa, M., Penniger, A., & Kolesnikov, A. Conference in Information and Communications Technologies - Lusaka, Zambia. Peer Reviewed Journal Papers 4. Mulenga, R., Kalezhi, J. & Musonda, S. (June 2018). ‘Applying Internet of Things in Monitor- 1. Mwaku, W., Mugala, G., & Musonda, G. (2018). ing and Control of an Irrigation System for Sus- PID Controller Tuning Methods for Load Frequen- tainable Agriculture for Small-Scale Farmers in cy Control (LFC). Indian Journal of Applied Re- Rural Communities” IEEE Power Africa Confer- search, Vol-8 Issue 1. ence, Cape Town, South Africa. 2. Mwaku, W., Mugala, G., & Musonda, G. (2018). Banda, C., Chirwa, G., Musonda, L. & Musonda, Load Frequency Optimization using Particle 5. S. (13th April, 2018). “Lab Demonstration Unit Swarm Optimization (A Case of the Power System of Traffic Lights”, EIZ Conference, Livingstone, in Zambia). International Journal of Engineering Zambia. Research and Technology, Vol-7 Issue 6. 6. Zingapeta, E. & Nkonde, W.N. (2017). “Improv- 3. Ngosa, W., Kapata, L., Katawa, S., Phiri, D., & Si- ing Aerodynamic Efficiency of NACA 4216 Airfoil nonge, J. (2018). GSM and GPS Based Garbage Using CFD and Xfoil” International Multi - Disci- and Waste Collection Bin Overflow Management plinary Conference. System for Kitwe City Council. International Jour- nal of Engineering Research and Technology 7. Nkonde, W.N., Chongo, K., Kasawa, H., Kayuni, (IJERT), Vol.7 Issue 4. P. & Sakala. P. (2018). “Design of a Top Table Wind Tunnel”. EIZ Symposium. 4. Chile,she A. & Musonda, K. (2018). Review of Bone Fracture Detection and Characterization 8. Musonda, K., Nkonde, W. N., Onyancha, R., Techniques. International Journal of Scientific En- Benta, W., Muwina, L., Phiri, L. & Bowa, C. K. gineering and Research (IJSER). (2017). “Improving Enrolment and Retention of Females in the school of Engineering: A Case 5. Mulunda, C., Musonda, E. K. & Luwaya, E. (2017). Study of the Copperbelt University.” International Review of Value Addition to Raw Copper in Zam- Multi- Disciplinary Conference. bia. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSER). 9. Masendeke, D. & Mbela, L. (13th April 2018). “Design and Fabrication of an agitated grain 6. Siwale, L. & Bereczky, A. (2018). Effect of n–bu- sieving Machine” EIZ Symposium. tanol fuel additives to methanol –gasoline blend on combustion and Emission characteristics in a 10. Chota, C. B. & Chilukwa, N. (13th April 2018). “A single cylinder ignition engine. International Jour- Prototype Fuzzy-Logic Based Airport Pavement nal of Petrochemical Science & Engineering. Management System for Inter- national Airport,” EIZ Symposium, Livingstone, 7. Ngoma, R., Tambatamba, A., Oyoo, B., Mulon- Zambia. goti, D., Kumwenda, B., & Louie, H. (2018). “How households adapted their energy use during the 11. Phiri, L. & Nyirenda, E. (13th April 2018). Slope Zambian energy crisis.” Energy for Sustainable and Surface Water Buffer – A Simplified Meth- Development, 44, 125-138. odology of Mapping Flood Hotspots. EIZ Sym- posium, Livingstone, Zambia. Conference Papers 1. Kumwenda, B., Mwaku, W., Mulongoti, D. & Louie, H. (28thJune, 2017). “Solar Photovoltaic Integration Analysis of the Zambia Power Grid” Presented at Power Africa Conference, . 2. Tambatamba, A. & Kumwenda, B. (26-28th June, 2018). “Sustainable Electrification System for

20 reeasrch report 2017 SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (SICT)

national needs and aspirations for ICT advancement.

The newly established School specializes in ICTs and other related fields. Some of these fields include Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and Information Technologies.

The establishment of the School that offers ICT and related courses at Copperbelt University (CBU) was a natural and necessary development since it will further enhance the university’s academic niche in business, natural resources, natural sciences, technology, and engineering. The School provides training and research in ICTs and related subjects at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

The School as a broader unit accommodates many ICTs and other related research and academic programs. It is expected that the creation of this School will result in increased enrolment of ICT related students and will inevitably contribute to the enhancement of the much needed critical mass of ICT trained staff necessary to engender technological advancement.

Dr. Nchimunya Research Focus Chaamwe - Dean. The research efforts of the School focus on identifying ICT solution gaps existing in industry that includes the government and the private sector. About the School Zambia, like many other countries has seen a proliferation of ICTs in The area of Information and almost all sectors. These sectors though are not reaping the full benefits Communication Technologies of using ICTs. Knowledge of how ICTs are being used is essential in (ICTs) is one that must be taken order to provide the ICT solutions that will not only be relevant but will seriously in our world today. This is enhance the delivery of services and goods by government and the so because ICTs are very important private sector. Thus, a major focus of research in the School is on the enablers for development. In development of methods and tools to make Zambia a SMART society. fact, there can be no meaningful development in our world today Current Research without ICTs, as they currently 1. Kalezhi, J., Ndovi, L. & Mbale, J. - A Universal Hardware and Software permeate almost all areas of Development Platform Based on a Modern Processor. human endeavour. Consequently, 2. Chikowa, P., Chaamwe, N., Shumba, L., & Lengwe, M. - Using it is paramount for any country M-learning to enhance the understanding of some mathematics that needs development to build concepts in mathematics. a well-trained cadre of Information Technologists. Such professionals 3. Libati, H., Chaamwe, N. & Chileshe, P. - Assessing the readiness will be in the forefront of to offer ICT related subjects by Government Secondary schools in spearheading this development. Zambia. The University recently approved 4. Ncube, E., Malambo, F., Ng’andwe, P., Chaamwe, N. - Xylarium & the establishment of the School web-based wood database for commercial, lesser-used/-known of ICT with the required capacity timber species in Zambia. and portfolio of courses that is structured to adequately meet the

reeasrch report 2017 21 Future Research 3. Shemi, A. P., & Procter, C. (2018). E-commerce and The School wishes in future to conduct research in entrepreneurship in SMEs: Case of myBot. Journal the following thematic areas: of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 1. Computer Security 501-520.

2. Database management Systems Conference papers 3. Computer Networking 1. Mulenga, R., Kalezhi, J., Musonda, S. K., (5-7 4. Robotics September 2017). Integration and Remote Monitoring of Wireless Sensor Networks in 5. Artificial Intelligence the Development of SMART Villages, IEEE 6. Software Engineering International Conference on ICTs, Mulungushi International Conference Centre, Lusaka, Zambia. 7. Computer Architecture and Organization 2. Chibuluma, M., Kalezhi, J., (27-30 June 2017). 8. Graphics and Visualization Application of Modified Perceptron Learning 9. Human Computer Interface (HCI) Algorithm to Monitoring and Control, IEEE Power & Energy Society Power Africa Conference, 10. Operating Systems Accra, Ghana 11. Education 3. Kalezhi, J., Mbale, J., Ndovi, L., (26-29 June 2018). 12. High Performance Computing Microcontroller-Based Monitoring and Controlling of Environmental Conditions in Farming, IEEE 13. Enterprise Systems Power and Energy Society & Industry Applications 14. E-governance Society Power Africa Conference, Cape Town, South Africa 15. E-healthcare technology and interdisciplinary research. 4. Kalezhi, J., Ntalasha, D., Chisanga, T., (26-29 June 2018). Using Internet of Things to Regulate Partnership and Linkages Energy Consumption in a Home Environment, The School recently signed an MOU with NIIT, an IEEE Power and Energy Society & Industry Institute from India. The understanding entails SICT Applications Society Power Africa Conference, offering short professional courses developed by NIIT, Cape Town, South Africa. NIIT providing capacity building to SICT Lecturers to 5. Mulenga, R., Kalezhi, J., Musonda, S. K., Silavwe, handle these courses. The understanding also entails S., (26-29 June 2018). Applying Internet of Things SICT and NIIT working together to develop academic in Monitoring and Control of an Irrigation System for programs together and offer the programs jointly. Sustainable Agriculture for Small-Scale Farmers Apart from this partnership, the School has existing in Rural Communities, IEEE Power and Energy relationships with ZICT College in Ndola, ZIBSIP Society & Industry Applications Society Power College in Kitwe and TVTC in Luanshya. Africa Conference, Cape Town, South Africa

Consultancies The School was contracted by First Quantum Mines to offer short intensive courses in MS Project and MS Excel at intervals.

Peer Reviewed Journal Papers 1. Hassler, B., & Shemi, A. P. (2017). Effective teaching and learning of large cohorts in institutions of higher learning in Zambia: Challenges and opportunities. Occasional Technical Report No: 11. Zambia’s Education Sector Support Technical Assistance Facility(ZESSTA) 2. Chaamwe, N. (2017). A Review on the Challenges that Hinder Sustainable Implementation of ICT as a Subject in Rural Zambia. International Journal of Learning and Teaching, Vol.3, No. 3, 2017.

22 reeasrch report 2017 SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

curricula during our revisions in future according to industries demands. In addition, the school has started collaborative research in uranium expiation with University of Manchester and continues to interact with different industries for consultations and research outputs. Since the number of postgraduate students have increased this should lead to further increase in the collaborative research and publications. Moreover, the collaborative research done by the members of staff and education students has a direct bearing on improving the learning outcomes of the students.

The school has continued in the multidisciplinary collaboration in teaching and research and contributes staff to capacitate the newly-established World Bank Copperbelt University Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Mining (CBU-ACESM). The Centre is mandated to develop strong partnerships with mining firms and other industrial/ institutional partners. This is intended to ensure that all academic and research activities of the Centre are demand-driven and responsive to the needs of industry. Through this the school is contributing towards the national vision of becoming a middle-income country by 2030. Dr. ngandwe Mumba- Dean. Figure 3: Research Output About the School he school of Mathematics and Natural Sciences was Testablished in June 2008 and comprises five departments: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Mathematics and Science Education. The school offers programs up to PhD level in each department. In addition, we have also been providing services to other schools in the university.

Research is an important activity in the school and researchers continue to explore in new areas The research output has reduced in 2017as illustrated in the graph of collaborations and grants. above. This can be attributed to a number of reasons. This output The School Advisory and Laison is bound to pick up because of numerous ongoing applied science Board promises mission oriented researches. research to solve industry related problems. As a result of this linkage, the industry stake holders can contribute in improving our

reeasrch report 2017 23 Current research 18. Lwenje, S.M .Studies in Aluminium Soil Toxicity 1. Simpemba, P, C. Habanyama, A and Murthy, J. 19. Lwenje, S.M. Investigating Factors Affecting Stu- Analytical and Numerical Studies of the SEDs dent Performance in High School Chemistry and and Light Curves of Blazers and Radio Galaxies First Year University using Multi-wavelength Frequency Observations. 20. Siame, J., Maseka, K. K., Treatment of Copper 2. Simpemba, P.C, Observation of Variable Eclips- Sulphide Ores by Bio-leaching Technique ing Binary Stars using Remote Telescopes (iTele- 21. Simpemba, P. C, Mumba, N., Choobe, B., Nkhata, scope.net and Las Cumbres Observatory robotic L., Simpande, A., Kanduza, A., & Musonda F. B. telescopes) Lamba indigenous astronomy, Pupose: produc- 3. Habanyama, A. Galactic and Blazer data analy- tion of documentary Funding agency: Internation- sis. al Astronomical Union (IAU) 4. Habanyama, A. Computational Studies of Semi- 22. Shumba, O., Chikondi, C., & Nkrumah, K. Collab- conductors and Ultra-hard materials. oration with Pittsburg University have initiated SCIENCE LEARNING ACTIVATION. 5. Msimuko, P. Growth performance of eucalyptus in different soil regimes in Zaffico plantations 23. Simpande, A., Promoting quality education by examining the role of Education for Sustainable 6. Msimuko, P. Testing plants with antibiotic proper- conference in Kenya in September, 2018. ties against bacteria and fungi. 24. Simpande, A., Perceptions of environmental 7. Hayumbu, P. & Kasali, G. Silicosis Prevalence problems by preservice teachers, the role of con- Evaluation in Former Miners of Konkola, Mufulira, ference in September, 2018. Nchanga and Nkhana Miners 25. Dr. Alfred M., Sichilima, A.M., Sakufiwa,E., Mum- 8. Lwenje, S.M. Determination of Oil Content ,Com- ba,N,K., Mutondo, M.,Dr. George Kasali,G&Sam- position and Physiochemical Properties of Oil uel,B.Termite damage on infrastructure and from Seeds from Indigenous Plants. the relevant prevention and control measures. 9. Lwenje, S.M. Characterization of Aluminium Acid Funded by the “Zambia Copperbelt International Solid of North Western Province , Zambia. Airport Construction Team”-. 10. Kalebaila, K. Synthesis, Characterization of Metal 26. Sichilima, A.M ., Kasali, G. & Msimuko, P. Oc- Oxide Nanostructured Aerogels: Towards Ap- currence of Estrogens in Water and its effect on plication to Trailing Pond Water and Oil Spills on human and fish.Funded by “National Science and Water Bodies. Technology Council (NSTC) and The National 11. Singh, I.S. & Nsokolo, E. Assessment of Aflatox- Research Foundation (NRF). ins in Fish. 27. Dr. Alfred M., Sichilima,A.M., Kasali,G Dr. Edward 12. Maseka, K.K., Kalebaila, K. Review Article on Sakufiwa,EDr N.K. Mumba,N.K Dr. MoolaMuton- Heterogeneous Adsorption of Water Pollutants do,M ,Mr. Boby Samuel,B&Msimuko.P.African Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases 13. Maseka, K.K , Kalebaiala, K. & Mwanga, P. Effect of Animals & Human (ACEIDAH).A World Bank of Adsorption of Sulphates from Water on Some funding from the UNZA Centre. Specific Solid Samples 28. The nutritional and proximate analysis of six cu- 14. Maseka, K.K, & Kalinga,K.Sustainable Agriculture tivars of sweet potato and cassava of Nchelenge and Health district ,Zambia 15. Maseka, K.K. Investigation for Soils; Sampling 29. Beauty choobe, Dr.chona and Sakala Payani., Agricultural Land near Mining Tailings Undertak- Impact of subject associations in science educa- en by Elliot Hamilton PhD Student at Nottingham tion , a case of Copperbelt ,Beauty Choobe and University ,UK.A Collaborative Research Under Jumbe Jack. the Geochemistry for Sustainable Agriculture and Health Sponsored by DFID and the Royal Society Future research of the UK. 1. Simpemba, et al., Observation of the Solar 16. Maseka, K.K. & Gezile. C. Detection of Alkylphe- Irradiance and optimization techniques for solar nolEthoxylate,Bisphenol A and heavy Metals in energy utilization. the Zambian Environment and potential Risks to 2. Simpemba, et al., Coating of thin films for solar Wildlife and Human Health. cells. 17. Maseka, K,K. & Tempo, M. Carica Papaya as a 3. Simpemba, P. C, Mumba, N., Phiri, S., Nabiwa, L., Source of Quinoline for Potential Treatment of Siantuba, J., Walusa, F. & Kaumba, W. Study of Malaria solar and lunar eclipses.

24 reeasrch report 2017 4. Simpemba et al., Climate change. Book Chapters 5. The department is in the processes of obtaining a 1. Choobe, B., Mpundu, M., & Mulopa, L. (2017). thin film deposition system and a thermal anneal- Integrating ESD and GCED into Biology Teaching ing unit in order to carry out some nanotechnolo- Methods for Secondary Teachers Chapter in ESD gy research. in Teacher Education Institutions: Case Studies of Best Practices in Zambia. 6. Choobe, B. Toxicity of plants used traditionally to treat Tuberculosis. 2. Shumba,O.& Munachonga, H. (2017). ESD Best Practices in Zambia. Available https://www.iau- 7. Choobe, B. Sexually transmitted diseases and hesd.net/sites/default/files/documents/261547e. chronic coughs in Kakolo, Kitwe. pdf

Peer Reviewed Journal Papers 9. Fwalo, C., Habanyama, A., Baliga, G.T., & Pondo, J.K. (2017). Determination of the Most Economic 1. Siachiti, M.J. & Sichilima, A.M. (2017). Factors thickness and energy source in the design of and determinants associated with home based local hemispherical clay pots Vol.12 [13], pp120- deliveries among women in Muteteshi area, a 129, 23.July.2017 ISSN.1992-2248, http://www. peri-urban of Kapiri, Zambia. Asian Pac. J. Health academicjournals.org/SRE.Copy.right@2017 Sci. 4(3):205-212. 10. Muma, M., Maloba. S., Kabwita, P.M., Chiteng, 2. Lark, R.M., Hamilton, E.M., Kaninga, B., Maseka, B.K. & Phiri. S.P. (2017). The Clifford Fourier K.K., Mutondo, M., Sakala, G.M. & Watts, M.J. Transforms in Lebesgue Space Sheaf, Asian (2017). Planning spatial sampling of the soil from Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 08 an uncertain reconnaissance variogram. European Issue,10. Journal of Soil Science, 3, 235-244. 11. Mwanza, S., Khene, P. & Mashazi. (2017). 3. Siasikabole, D.M. & Sichilima, A.M. (2017). Tetra(4-propargyloxyphenoxy) phthalocyanines: Awareness study on the availability, prevalence Facilesynthesis,fluorescence and thermal and knowledge in use of contraceptives among properties. Polyhedron,134, 264 female adolescent pupils in Ndola, Zambia.Asian Pac. J. Health Sci. 4(3):27-35. 12. Chakufola, S., Chileshe, P.R.K. & Samuel, E.B.(June,2017). Review of weathering and its 4. Kun, L., Yuhua, S., Yifeng, Z., Zhengji, P., Zhishu, potential effect on mine slope factor of safety. X., Jiqi, L., Sichilima, A.M. & WangZhenlong, W. IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (2017). Investigation on the pest rodent of Natural (IOSR-JAGG) e-ISSN: 2321–0990, p-ISSN: forest in the North Slope of Mnt. Changbaishan. 2321–0982. Volume 5, Issue 3 Ver.I ,PP 21-33 Sichuan Journal of Zoology .36 (3): 341-345. www.iosrjournals.org 5. Zhang, Y., WeiLi, W., Sichilima, A.M., Lu,J. & 13. Panga, G.L., Phiri, P.A. & Kabwita, P.M. (Nov, Wang,Z. (2017).Discriminatory pre-hoarding 2017). Abstract for Symplectic Yang-Mills Fields. handling and hoarding behaviour towards International Journal of Innovation and Scientific germinated acorns by Niviventerconfucianus. Research, Vol.6,No.11,pp.1101-1105 Ethology Ecology & Evolution, http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/039493 7003949370.2017.1282542. 14. Phiri, P.A. & O.D. Makinde. (October 2017). A computational technique for Laplace Transforms 6. Samuel, E.B., Choobe., B., Samuel, B., Kasali, by Adomian Decomposition, Asian journal of G. & Tailoka, F.P. (2017). Exploring the Factors Mathematics and Computer Research, Vol Affecting the Integration of Mathematical Skills 21,No.1,pp 22-27 into Biology Learning in Copperbelt Secondary Schools of Zambia.American Journal of 15. Panga, G.L., Phiri, P.A. & Kabwita, P.M. (February Educational Research .5(12),1223-1227. 2017). Yang-Mills equations for a pullback symplectic Yang –Mills field, International 7. Musonda, A. (2017). Algebraic competences and journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, Vol emotional intelligence of first year Bachelor of .6,No.2,pp.987-990 Science in Mathematics and Science Education Students at the Copperbelt University in Zambia, Conference Presentations The Tuning Journal, Vol 5, Issue 1, 1-195. 1. Mutondo. et al., (2017). CBU Africa Centre of 8. Kapuka, M., Shumba, O. & Munthali, W. (2017). Excellence for Sustainable Mining: Interrogating Students’ Attitudes to Paper Consumption in the constructs, scope and prospects for achieving relation to Carbon Emissions and the Impact of the national vision 2030,the SDGs and the African Electronic Course Documents. Southern African union agenda 2063. International conference Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 33, 2017; on mining, geology, mineral and ground water pp. 84-98. resources of sub- Saharan Africa; Livingston, Zambia.

reeasrch report 2017 25 2. Sichilima, A.M., Sakufiwa, E; Chungu, D. & 5. Simpemba, P.C., Mumba,N.,Choobe, B., Nkhata, Kanembwa, M.( February, 2017). The first fall L., Simpande, A., Kanduza, A.& Musonda,F. B. army worms in Zambia Spodopterafrugiperda (May, 2017). An inquiry into the indigenous and (J.E. Smith). Scientific report presentation in the cultural astronomy of the lamba people of the CBU Board room, School of Mathematics and Copperbelt Province of Zambia, Middle East and Natural Sciences. Africa Regional Astronomy Meeting, 22, Addis Ababa, . 3. Kalaibala K, (July, 2017) attended plastics technical committee (TC/49) meeting held at 6. Singh, I. S. & Chibuye B. (August, 2017). Effect Sherbourne Hotel to formulate cement bags of ethnochemistry on students’ performance standard in Zambia. The workshop was called for in chemistry.International multi-disciplinary by the Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry conference, Radison Blue Hotel, Lusaka, Zambia. in conjunction with ZABS and Strongpack limited. 4. Simpemba, P.C., Mumba, N., Phiri, S., Nabiwa, L., Siantuba, J., Walusa, F., &Kaumba W. (May, 2017). Observation and study of 2016-2017 Solar Eclipses, Middle East and Africa Regional Astronomy Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

26 reeasrch report 2017 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

About the School The Copperbelt University School of Medicine (CBU SOM) is only the second public medical school in Zambia, after the University of Zambia School of Medicine. There are 2 other privately run Medical Schools in Zambia. CBU SOM is the only Medical school outside Lusaka. The School is the only school that has a dental degree training program in the country which is intended to address the critical shortage of dentists in Zambia. There are about 65 Dentists in Zambia only 25 are Zambians. Even though Zambia requires about 2,500 medical doctors, there are only 1,200 doctors out of which only 600 are Zambians.

The School of Medicine’s research activity commenced upon its establishment with the production of 18 peer reviewed journal publications in its first year in 2012. This was followed by 23 publications in 2013. In 2014 CBU SOM has produced 27 journal publications.The CBU SOM projected to reach a research out put of 30 papers in the year 2015. The research outputs for 2015 in fact exceed this to a record 50 publication. CBU SOM has had the highest research output in the CBU University averaging 75% of all publication outputs in the University. In 2015 the School introduced research prof. kasonde bowa - postgraduate programs.Under these programs the school has 5 Dean. registered research students at the DSc level.The increase of research publications will be enhanced by the commencement of these graduate research degrees.In the year 2016/17 we expect to introduce MSc research degrees and the Masters in Public Health.

Research Administration The School has appointed a Coordinator for Research and Innovation, to replace the late Prof Nathan Siulapwa who died in 2015. This is Dr Mwenya Kwangu.He will co-ordinate research and innovation. There are three research groups in the School that are led by a Research Coordinator. Currently. These are the Basic Science Theme group, the Clinical Sceinces theme group and the Public Health theme group. Below are some of the previous and current research projects.

reeasrch report 2017 27 Research focus Strengthening and expanding the capacity of 1. Public Health and social sciences health worker . The Pan 2. Clinical sciences African medical journal. (27). 3. Physiological sciences and Non-communicable 4. Mwanakasale, V., Tente, C., Chungu, J., Xu, diseases J., Zhou, X. (2017). Inguinal hernia: a probable 4. Neglected Tropical Diseases and Infectious complication of urinary schistosomiasis in school diseases age male children in an area highly endemic for Schistosoma haematobium in Zambia. Journal of Current research Preventive Medicine and care. (2)1: 1-5. 1. TB DOTS in the Copperbelt province. Principal 5. Mwanakasale, V., Siziya, S., Xu, J., Zhou, X. (2017). Investigator: Muchemwa KC. Environmental factors for transmission of Soil 2. Evaluation of Plasmodium vivax ecology and Transmitted Helminthiasis in school age children transmission dynamics in Zambia, Namibia, and in Zambia. International Journal of Environmental . Principal Investigator: Njunju E. and Agricultural Research. (3) 9: 54-58. 3. Male circumcision perception. Principal 6. Dellicour, S., Sevene, E., McGready, R., Tinto, H., Investigator: Bowa K. Mosha, D., Manyando, C., Rulisa, S., Desai, M., 4. Anatomy organs standard weight. Principal Ouma, P., Oneko, M., Vala, A., Rupe´rez, M., Investigator: Bowa K. Macete, E., Mene´ndez, C., Nakanabo-Diallo, S., Kazienga, A., Vale, I., Calip, G., Augusto, O., 5. Identification of soil and climatic factors for the Genton, B., Njunju, E.M., Moore, K.A., d’Alessandro, varied transmission of soil transmitted helminthes U., Nosten, F., Kuile, F., & Stergachis, A. (2017). in school age children in Luanshya and Nchelenge First-trimester artemisinin derivatives and quinine districts of Zambia. Principal Investigator: treatments and the risk of adverse pregnancy Mwanakasale V. outcomes in Africa and Asia: A meta-analysis of 6. Prenatal exposure to household and ambient air observational studies. PLOS Med. (14)5: pollution and impact on birth outcomes. Principal 7. Njunju, E.M., Kwangu, M., Mulenga, D., Mazaba, Investigator: Mulenga D. M.L., & Siziya, S. (2017). Factors associated with suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents, Future research Uruguay. Int Public Health J. (9)4:357-364. 1. Public Health and social sciences 8. Kwangu, M., Mulenga, D., Mazaba, M.L., Njunju, 2. Clinical sciences E.M., & Siziya, S. (2017). Prevalence and factors 3. Physiological sciences and Non-communicable for suicidal ideation among adolescents attending diseases school in Ghana. Int Public Health J. (9)4:365-372. 4. Neglected Tropical Diseases and Infectious 9. Kwangu, M., Njunju, E.M., Mulenga, D., Mazaba, diseases M.L., & Siziya, S. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among school-going Partnership and linkages adolescents in Oman. Int Public Health J.(9)4:379- 1. Memorandum of Understanding between CBU 393. and Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases (AIPD)- 10. Kwangu, M., Mulenga, D., Mazaba, M.L., Njunju, PR China on research for schistosomiasis E.M., & Siziya, S. (2017). Factors associated with elimination in Zambia. suicidal ideation among adolescents attending 2. Centre of Excellency in Infectious Diseases school in Philippines. Int Public Health J. (9) 4:385- and zoonoses (collaboration between CBU and 391. UNZA)- supported by World bank. 11. Kwangu, M, Siziya, S., Mulenga, D., Mazaba, 3. MEPI NHI-USA M.L., & Njunju, E.M. (2017). Correlates of suicidal ideation among school-going adolescents in 4. CBU and collaboration- Plasmodium vivax ecology and transmission Bahamas. Int Public Health J. study. 12. Kwangu, M., Njunju, E.M., Mulenga, D., Siziya, S., & Mazaba, M.L. (2017). Suicidal ideation Peer Reviewed Journal Papers prevalence and its associated factors among in- 1. Bowa, K. (2017). Sonographic assessment of school adolescents in Pakistan. Int Public Health urolithiasis in the University of Teaching J. (9)4:401-406. Hospital, . Ann Afr Med. (16):95-6 13. Njunju, E.M., Mulenga, D., Mazaba, M.L., Kwangu, 2. Bowa, K., Manda, E. (2017). Preputial mucosal M., & Siziya, S. (2017). Prevalence and correlates graft for urethral repair. Tropical Doctor. (1). for suicidal ideation among adolescents in schools in Bolivia. Int Public Health J. (9) 4:479-484. 3. Michelo, C., Zulu J.M., Simuyemba, M., Andrews, B., Katubulushi, M., Chi, B., Njelesani, E., Vwalika, 14. Njunju, E.M., Mazaba, M.L., Mulenga, D., Siziya, B., Bowa, K., Maimbolwa, M., Chipeta, J. (2017). S., & Kwangu, M. (2017). Factors associated with

28 reeasrch report 2017 suicidal ideation among adolescents attending Survey. Health Press Zambia Bull. (1) 3:34-43. junior high school in Suriname. Int Public Health 28. Siziya S. (2017). A review of the epidemic-prone J. (9) 4:485-490. enteric diseases in Zambia: cholera, typhoid fever 15. Njunju, E.M., Kwangu, M., Siziya, S., Mulenga, and bacterial dysentery. Health Press Zambia Bull. D., & Mazaba, M.L. (2017).Correlates of suicidal (2)1:6-11. ideation among in-school adolescents in Myanmar. 29. Almansour A.M. & Siziya S. (2017). Suicidal Int Public Health J. (9) 4:491-496. ideation and associated factors among school 16. Besa, C. & Siziya, S. Medical prescription going adolescents in Swaziland. Afr Health Sci. pitfalls of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (4):1172-1177. in government healthcare facilities in Zambia. 30. Mulenga D., Mazaba M.L., Kwangu M., Njunju E.M., (2017). Med J Zambia. (2):88-92. & Siziya S. (2017). Prevalence and correlates for 17. Besa, C. & Siziya, S. Medical prescription pitfalls of suicidal ideation among adolescents in school in acute upper respiratory infections in government Gaza strip. Int Public Health J. (9) 4:373-378. health care facilities in Zambia. (2017). Health 31. Siziya S., Njunju E.M., Kwangu M., Mulenga D., & Press Zambia Bull. (1) 3:28-33. Mazaba M.L. (2017). Suicidal ideation in Jamaica: 18. Mugala, D.D., Musowoya, J, Lungu, M., & Kadochi, prevalence and its correlates among school- W. (2017). Illegal copper mining accidents in going adolescents in a global school health-based Chingola: a case report. International journal of survey. Int Public Health J. (9) 4:407-414. current. (8) 12: 3671-43674. 32. Siziya S., Mazaba M.L., Njunju E.M., Kwangu M., & Mulenga D. (2017). Suicidal ideation in Guyana: 19. Mugala, D.D. (2017). A study of students’ data prevalence and its associated factors among base followed up for five years in the new school adolescents in a global school health-based of medicine in Ndola, Zambia. Advances in social survey. Int Public Health J. (9) 4:415-422. sciences Research Journal. (4) (9). 33. Siziya S., Almansour A.M., Mulenga D., Mazaba 20. Mugala, . Mwila, M., Chibuye, B., & Kadochi, W. M.L., Njunju E.M., & Kwangu M. (2017). Factors (2017). Cranial nerve palses following head injury. associated with suicidal ideation among Journal of Medicine research and practice. (6) 2: adolescents attending school in Samoa. Int Public 62-67. Health J. (9) 4:423-429. 21. Mugala, D.D. & Maimbo, M. (2017). Keratocanthoma 34. Mulenga D., Kwangu M., Njunju E.M., Mazaba M.L., (Ka) skin lesions in two Zambian men. International & Siziya S. (2017). Prevalence and correlates for journal of Development Research. (7) 6: 12987- suicidal ideation among school-going adolescents 12990. in Iraq. Int Public Health J. (9) 4:431-435. 22. Mugala, D.D., Kasoma, M.D., Chibwe F., & 35. Mulenga D., Siziya S., Mazaba M.L., Kwangu M., & Chisanga K. (2017). Occurrence of signet Ring Njunju E.M. (2017). Correlates of suicidal ideation Cell carcinoma in the Gastrium and rectum at among in-school adolescents in Trinidad and the same time: A case presentation. International Tobago. Int Public Health J. (9) 4:437-442. journal of Health care sciences. (5)1: 521-526. 36. Mazaba M.L., Siziya S., Mulenga D., Njunju E.M., 23. Mugala D.D. & Kawimbe B. (2017). Challenges of & Kwangu M. (2017). Factors associated with training undergraduate clinical surgical students: suicidal ideation among adolescents attending astudy experience after 6 years in the new school school in Kuwait. Int Public Health J. (9) 4:443- of Medicine in Ndola, Zambia. Advances in Social 449. Sciences Research Journal. (4) 19: 109-131. 37. Mazaba M.L., Njunju E.M., Kwangu M., Mulenga 24. Mugala D.D., Chirengendure B., & Mumbuluma S. D., & Siziya S. (2017). Suicidal ideation in Fiji: (2017). The desire for the practice of bloodless Prevalence and its correlates among school- surgery among our patients. Advances in social going adolescents in a global school health-based sciences Research Journal. (4) 25: 38-49. survey. In Public Health J. (9) 4:451-456. 25. Mugala D.D. & Chibale B. (2017). Extensive 38. Mazaba M.L., Mulenga D,, Kwangu M., Njunju E.M., and aggressive genital-ano warts in men: our & Siziya S. (2017). Prevalence and correlates for encounter. Journal of medical Research and suicidal ideation among adolescents in school in Practice. (8) 5: 177-182. West Bank. Int Public Health J. (9) 4:457-463. 26. Mazaba M.L., Siziya S., & Merrick J. (2017). 39. Mulenga D., Kwangu M., Njunju E.M, Siziya S., & Suicidal idetion among adolescents (editorial). Int Mazaba M.L. (2017). Suicidal ideation prevalence Public Health J. (9) 4:351-353. and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in Morocco. Int Public Health J. (9) 27. Siziya S., Mulenga D., Mazaba M.L., Njunju E.M., 4:465-470. & Kwangu M. (2017). Condom use at last sexual intercourse among female teenagers in Zambia: 40. Mazaba M.L., Siziya S., Njunju E.M., Kwangu M., results from the Zambia Demographic and Health & Mulenga D. (2017). Suicidal ideation in Vietnam: Prevalence and its associated factors among

reeasrch report 2017 29 adolescents in a global school health-based 9. Mwanza D., Mwanakasale V., & Siziya S. (2017). survey. Int Public Health J. (9) 4:471-477. Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards drunk 41. Nkhama E., Ndhlovu M., Dvonch J.T., Lynam M., driving as a risk factor for road traffic accidents Mentz G., Siziya S., & Voyi K. (2017). Effects among public bus drivers in Ndola, Zambia. Asian of Airborne Particulate Matter on Respiratory Pac J Health Sci. (4) 3:129-134. Health in a Community near a Cement Factory in 10. Chembe B.C., & Siziya S. (2017). Level of Chilanga, Zambia: Results from a Panel Study. Int knowledge on postnatal care and its associated J Environ Res Public Health. (14) 11:1351. factors in Ndola, Zambia. Health Press Zambia 42. Mwansasu C.S., Siziya S., & Mpondo B.C.T. Bull. (1) 4:58-64. (2017). Hearing Loss among multi-drug resistant 11. Mwewa K., Siziya S., & Kwangu M. (2017). tuberculosis patients on Kanamycin in Ndola Prevalence and correlates of tobacco smoking Teaching Hospital, Zambia: Study of ototoxicity among prisoners at Kamfinsa correctional facility, and practice. Health Press Zambia Bull. (1) 4:72- Kitwe, Zambia. Health Press Zambia Bull. (1) 78. 12:11-16. 12. Issa Y., Mwansa J.K., Mwikuma G., & Siziya S. Students’ led journal publications. (2017). Clinical picture and correlates for sickle 1. Sinyangwe E., Nyirenda H.T., & Mwanakasale V. cell anaemia among Zambian children attending (2017). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Arthur Davison Children’s Hospital Sickle Cell Diabetes Mellitus among diabetic patients at Disease clinic in Zambia. Health Press Zambia Ndola Teaching Hospital. Asian Journal of Health Bull (1) 5:12-16. Sciences. (4)3: 27-35. 13. Kamphawi M. & Siziya S. (2017). Association 2. Machila C., Nyirenda H.T., & Mulele C.K. (2017). between human immunodeficiency virus and Prevalence and risk factors associated with premature rupture of membranes. Asian Pac J syphilis at Copperbelt University, Riverside Health Sci. (4) 3:235-238. campus, Kitwe, Zambia. Asian pacific Journal of 14. Mkandawire B., Kwangu M., & Siziya S. (2017). Health Sciences. (4)3: 27-35. Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards breast 3. Mhango M., Siziya S., & Mwanakasale V. (2017). feeding among mothers attending underfive clinic Determination of risk factors associated with at chipokota mayamba urban clinic in Ndola, malnutrition among children under the age of five: Zambia. Asian Pac J Health Sci. (4) 3:171-181. a case-control study at Arthur Davison Hospital 15. Chokwe T.M., Luyando S., Siziya S., & Sichilima in Ndola, Zambia. Asian Pacific Journal of Health A. (2017). Community attitudes towards mental Sciences. (4)2: 105-109. illness. Asian Pac J Health Sci (4) 3:151-156. 4. Hachombwa C., Malawo H., & Severine N.A. 16. Nakazwe E., Mwanakasale V., & Siziya S. (2017). (2017). Awareness and perception of oral health Knowledge attitude and practices of parents with services among Chifubu Secondary School in children suffering from sickle cell disease towards Ndola, Zambia. Dental Journal. (20)1: factors that precipitate sickle cell crises, at Arthur 9-15. Davidson Children’s Hospital in Ndola Zambia. 5. Chambisha L., Severine N.A., & Siziya S. (2017). Asian Pac J Health Sci. (4) 3:166-170. Oral hygiene practices and oral health care seeking 17. Lukonde E. & Siziya S. (2017). Characteristics behaviours among primary school teachers in of patients with psychosis at Ndola Teaching Ndola, Zambia. Tanzania Dental Journal.(20) 1: Hospital Psychiatric Unit, Zambia. Health Press 16-21. Zambia Bull. (1) 4:35-38. 6. Munsanje M., Severine N.A., Rukoma A., Siziya S., 18. Makashini T., Mulenga D., & Siziya S. (2017). & Mlawa M. (2017). Traumatic Dental injuries and Prevalence of adolescent overweight or obesity associated factors in permanent incisors among among secondary school students in urban Ndola, 8-14 years pupils in Ndola, Zambia. Tanzania Zambia and associated factors. Health Press Dental Journal. (20) 1: 22-27. Zambia Bull. (1) 4:65-71. 7. Chambisha L., Severine N.A., & Siziya S. (2017). 19. Kopolo J., Mazaba M.L., Mulenga D., & Siziya Oral hygiene practices and oral health care seeking S. (2017). Challenges surrounding the response behaviours among primary school teachers in to road traffic accident emergencies at Ndola Ndola, Zambia. Tanzania Dental Journal. (20) Teaching Hospital casualty department, Zambia. 1:16-21. Health Press Zambia Bull. (1) 3:22-27. 8. Mutale P., Kwangu M., Muchemwa C.M.P, Silitongo 20. Chisanga J., Mazaba M.L., Mufunda J., Besa C., M., Chileshe M., & Siziya S. (2017). Knowledge Kapambwe-muchemwa M.C., & Siziya S. (2017). and preconception care seeking practices among Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and their reproductive-age diabetic women in Zambia. correlate for urinary tract infection pathogens International Journal of Transl Med Res Public at Kitwe Central Hospital, Zambia. Health Press Health. (1) 2:36-43. Zambia Bull. (1) 1:28-37.

30 reeasrch report 2017 Conference Paper Presentations Care in Africa. The 37th Society International D’ 1. Bowa K. Carcinoma of the Bladder a different Urology (SIU) present the plenary podium PAUSA st disease needing a different staging system. 13th association Lecture Saturday 21 October 2017 “” PAUSA (Pan African Association of Urological Lisbon Portugal at International Congress. Surgeons) conference 29th March to 1st April (2017) 7. Mwanakasale V. Update on Rhodesian Human Kingdom Hotel Victoria Falls Town, Zimbabwe. African Trypanosomiasis in Zambia. The 2. Bowa K. The Challenges of Prostate Cancer Care coordination meeting of national focal points on in Africa. COSECSA/ASEA Institute of Urology rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center Moshi and the Second WHO stakeholders meeting on Tanzania. 12th Jacob Lester Eshleman Urology rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis th th Workshop, presentation on “” 20th November 2017. elimination,25 -28 April 2017, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. 3. Bowa K. A practical staging system for Cancer of the Bladder in SCC of the Bladder. COSECSA/ 8. Mwanakasale V. Rhodesian Human African ASEA Institute of Urology at Kilimanjaro Christian Trypnosomiasis control plan for Zambia (2017- Medical Center Moshi Tanzania. 12th Jacob Lester 2020). The coordination meeting of national Eshleman Urology Workshop, presentation on the focal points on rhodesiense human African “21st November 2017. trypanosomiasis and the Second WHO stakeholders meeting on rhodesiense human 4. Bowa K. The Brain drain in Africa the Zambia African trypanosomiasis elimination,25th-28th April perspective. The 34th FIMA Scientific Congress on 2017, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland Health in Africa, presented a paper on “” 20-21st July 2017 Istanbul Turkey. 9. Njunju E. “Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine versus Cotrimoxazole in pregnant women: Effect on 5. Bowa K. The Challenges of Urology practice in birthweight- Findings from a randomised, Open Africa. The 37th Society International D’ Urology label, non-inferiority trial in Zambia”. The 10th (SIU) present the PAUSA break out meeting European Congress on Tropical Medicine and Lecture Wednesday 19th October 2017. Lisbon International Health-Antwerp, Belgium-16th to 20th Portugal at International Congress. October, 2017 6. Bowa K. The Challenges of Prostate cancer

Research grants or funded collaborative projects:

Number Study area Principal Investigator Amount 1. TB DOTs in Copperbelt Mrs KC Muchemwa K 127,362.40 (CBU Research province funds) 2. Anatomy organs standard Prof K Bowa K 15,000.00 (CBU Research weight funds) 3. European Union Zoonosis Dr A Sichilima Euro 1.0m (World bank) 4. Male circumcision perception Prof K Bowa K 15,000.00 (CBU Research funds) 5. Plasmodiun vivax ecology and Mr E Njunju Euro 360,000 (Merck- transmission Switzerland) 6. DDIA for screening of Prof V Mwanakasale US $ 10,000.00 (National Schistosoma hematobium in Institute of Parasitic Diseases, school age children CDC-PR China)

reeasrch report 2017 31 32 reeasrch report 2017 SCHOOL OF MINES AND MINERAL SCIENCES About the School

Dr. Kawunga Nyirenda - Dean.

reeasrch report 2017 33 Current Research Engine Using Dual Fuels: n-Butanol-Methanol- 1. Banda, J. and Chileshe, F., Production of Gasoline Blend. Aluminium Sulphate for Water Treatment from 19. Banda, P., Development of a National Maamba Collieries Mudstone. Environmental Monitoring Programme (NEMP). 2. Banda, J. and Chileshe, F., Production of Gypsum 20. Daka, M., M., Mwaba, V., Musonda, J., Thermo for Cement Manufacture From Limestone Ore. Chemical Extraction of Base Oil From Waste 3. Chileshe, F., Mwandila, G., Lungu, M., Modeling Grease. and Simulation of the Leaching of Phosphate 21. Sichilima, S., Banda, P., Daka, M.M., Chirambo, B., from Sinda Phosphate Rock and Production of Assessment of Physiochemical parameters and Fertiliser. Bacteriological properties of Buchi Stream Kitwe 4. Siame, J., Maseka, K. K., Mukosha, L., Mulwanda, – Zambia. J., Simate, G., Continuous Treatment of Acid Mine 22. Banda, P., Sichililma, S., Evaluating activities that Drainage (AMD) Using Coal. impact quality of surface water: A case of Kitwe 5. Chileshe, P. R. K., and Lukonde, P. M., On-going District in Zambia. Research on Evaluation and Design of Mine 23. Lamya R, Phiri T, and Eksteen J.J., Selective Ventilation System for Mindola Mine, Zambia. leaching of copper and cobalt from Nkana smelter 6. Chileshe, P. R. K., and Kalume, H., Research slag in alkaline glycine solution on Rock Mass Classification and Underground 24. Rodrick Lamya and Tina Phiri Chanda, Recovery Support Design at Lubambe Copper Mine, Zambia. of copper from Nkana flotation tailings 7. Nyirenda, K., Mukube, P., Ziwa, G., 25. Ebelia Manda Mvula, Rodrick Lamya and Misozi Mwanamuchende, T., Okello, N., Statistical and Makangila Daka, A novel leaching process for the Spatial Analysis of Heavy and Toxic Metals in Soils Nkana slag dump from Kitwe, Zambia of Residential Areas Surrounding the Nkana Mine 26. Phiri T., Glass H.J and Mwamba. P., Development in Kitwe District, Copperbelt Province, Zambia. of a Strategy and Interpretation of the Near Infrared 8. Banda, P. M., Sichilima, S., A Review of Renewable Spectra on the Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold Ore for Energy Development, Strategy and Policy Options Application in Automated Sorting for Zambia. 27. Phiri T., Tepa C., and Nyati R., ’Investigation of the 9. Jingdai, W., Lungu, M., Investigation of Mixed Ore Float-Leach Recovery Improvement Agglomeration Behaviour in Fluidised Bed through Selective Desliming. Reactors. 28. Mwamba P., Pascoe R., and Phiri T., An 10. Mwenya, W. M., and Tepa, C., Characterisation Investigation of Coarse Particle Flotation. and Rejection of Gangue Minerals in Copper 29. Musialike, M. Rare Earth Element Mineralization of Concentrate at Lubambe Concentrator. the Rufunsa and Nkombwa Carbonite Complexes 11. Chisala, P., and Ngulube, R., Review on Wind of Zambia. Energy in Zambia. 30. Musonda, P., and Nguvulu, A. Evaluation of 12. Mwenya, W. M., Tepa, C., Chanda, T., P., the Effects of Urbanization on Land Surface Application of Controlled Potential Sulphidisation Temperature in Lusaka. to Improve the Floatability of Tarnished Copper 31. Tena, M. T., Mwaanga, P., and Nguvulu, A. Sulphide Minerals at Kansanshi and Lubambe Assessment of Water Resources and Management Concentrators. Options in Chongwe River Catchment, Zambia. 13. Phiri, T., Glass, H. J., Mwamba, P., Development of 32. Tembo, K., Mwaanga, P., and Nguvulu, A. Water a Strategy and Interpretation of the Near Infrared Balance for Chongwe River Catchment Area. Spectra on Manto Verde Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold 33. Nguvulu, A. Analysis of the Drivers of Land Use Ore for Application in Automated Sorting. Land Cover Change in Post-Second Republic 14. Siame, J., Maseka, K. K., Treatment of Copper Lusaka City. Sulphide Ores by Bio-leaching Technique. 34. Nguvulu, A. Analysis of the NDVI, Land Surface 15. Nguvulu, A., and Musonda, P., Effects of Rapid Temperature and Land Use Change in Lusaka Urbanisation on Local Temperature in Lusaka City. City from 1990 to 2015. 16. Nguvulu, A., and Chamululu, C., Investigating the Desertification of Southern Parts of Zambia Using Future Research: GIS and Remote Sensing. Partnerships and Linkages 17. Nguvulu, A., and Wambwa, D., Influence of Land One member of staff has been awarded a NORHED Use on Green Water in the Upper Catchment of Ph.D scholarship. Kafue River Basin, Zambia. 18. Siwale, L., Siame, J., Kolesnikov, A., Engine Consultancies Cylinder Wear and Tear Effect in Spark Ignition 1) Mwenya, W. M., Songolo, M., et. al., Sampling and

34 reeasrch report 2017 Analytical Testing of Nkana Dump Slag Material, Conference on Geology, Mining, Mineral and - An Investigation of the Zambia Police Service Groundwater Resources of the Sub Saharan Africa: Headquarters, Sept. – Oct. 2017. Opportunities and Challenges Ahead & IAEG- 2) Daka, M. M., Maseka, K. K., and Simposya, Shane, Africa Regional Meeting, Hosted by University of A., Restoration of the Chingola, Mushishima and Zambia, 11 – 13 July. 2017, Livingstone, Zambia. Hippo Pool Environmental Impact Assessment, pp 164 - 164. Konkola Copper Mines Plc. 8. Lukonde, P. and Chileshe, P. R. K. 2017. Review of Arising from work carried out by SMMS, CBU fire risk and control in Zambian mining (Abstract). entered into a commercial agreement with Anglo- Conference presentation. In: Peer Reviewed Africa Solutions. Abstract volume, International Conference on In addition, SMMS successfully carried out Geology, Mining, Mineral and Groundwater consultancy work for ZCCM – IH to develop a Resources of the Sub Saharan Africa: process for the production of gypsum suitable for Opportunities and Challenges Ahead & IAEG- the manufacture of cement. Africa Regional Meeting, Hosted by University of Zambia, 11 – 13 July, 2017, Livingstone, Zambia. The SMMS submitted a quotation in the amount Pp 100 - 100. of ZMW 61,500 for borehole citing works at KCM’s Hippo Pool in Chingola. 9. Lukonde, P. and Chileshe, P. R. K. 2017. 10. Mapping For Literature, Publications: Peer Reviewed Journals 11. Conceptual And Theoretical Framework And 1. Ebelia Manda Mvula, Rodrick Lamya and Misozi Methodology: Case Of Hot Deep Mining Makangila Daka, “Copper mine waste as a potential Ventilation Engineering Evaluation And Design. resource for Zambia”, ACE Conference 2017, International Journal of Science and Technology Kigali, : Effective Waste Management in Research. Volume 6 – Issue 9. September Africa. 25 – 29 September 2017 2017. Impact factor 3.023. www.ijstr.org . ISSN 2. Ebelia Manda Mvula, Rennie Kaunda, “Structural 2277 – 8616 Data Collection for Slope Stability Analysis Using 12. Mwape, P. S., Ndhlovu, M. and Chileshe, P. R. Digital Technology” - A case study of Melbur Pit K. 2017. The Past, Present and Future of the UK. Mining Industry in Zambia: Is There Any Hope? 3. Agabu Shane, Micheal Musialike, Ebelia Manda Presentation in powerpoint at the Copperbelt Mvula, Mwiya Songolo, Precious Chisala University Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Mwanza, Misozi Makangila Daka, Nicholas Okello, Society Conference on the Future of Mining: The Desiderious. Chapewa, Historical and future past, present and future of the Zambian mining rd greenhouse gas emissions from coal mining/ industry, is there any hope? in Zambia. Held on 3 consumption and mitigation measures in Zambia. March 2017 2017 at Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia. 4. Ebelia Manda Mvula, Dr Rodrick Lamya and Misozi Makangila Daka, Copper Mine Waste as a 13. Shane, A., Gheewala, S.H., Phiri, S. (2017). Potential Resource For Zambia Rural domestic biogas supply model for Zambia, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 5. Chakufola, S., P. R. K. Chileshe and E B Samuel. 683-697. 2017. Review of weathering and its potential effect on mine slope factor of safety. IOSR Journal 14. Nguvulu, A. and Kampunte M. (2017) of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) Total Quality Management Practice in the e-ISSN: 2321–0990, p-ISSN: 2321–0982. TelecommunicationsIndustry in Zambia: The Volume 5, Issue 3 Ver. I (May. - June. 2017), PP Case of Zambia Telecommunications Company. 21-33 www.iosrjournals.org International Journal of Engineering Research and Management (IJERM), ISSN: 2349-2058. 6. Kalume, H. and Chileshe, P R K. 2017. Uniaxial compressive strength variation for multi-point 15. Mwaanga, P. and Daka, M. M., 2017, Bio-mediation support design and discontinuity mapping for and Monitoring of Oil Contaminated Soils From tunnel stability analyses and stope dilution Mines and Mineral Processing Environments, rd assessment. IOSR Journal of Applied Geology 3 International Conference on Environmental and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-ISSN: 2321– Pollution, Restoration and Management, Quy 0990, p-ISSN: 2321–0982. Volume 5, Issue 4 Ver. Nhon, Vietnam, 6 – 10 March, 2017. I (Jul. – Aug. 2017), PP 53-62 www.iosrjournals. 16. Nguvulu, A., and Kampunte M. 2017. Total Quality org Management Practice in the Telecommunications 7. Mwewa, A., Chileshe, P. R. K and Majura, P. B. Industry in Zambia: The Case of Zambia 2017. Contribution of mine dewatering water Telecommunications Company. International to the volumetric flow rate of the Kafue River, Journal of Engineering Research and Management Zambia (Abstract). Conference presentation. In: (IJERM), ISSN: 2349-2058. Peer Reviewed Abstract volume, International

reeasrch report 2017 35 Peer Reviewed Conference Papers/Presentations Research Grants/Funded Collaborative Projects 1. Banda, Paul, The importance of identifying and There are two projects being undertaken in the analysing the impacts from major secondary SMMS which are funded by the Copperbelt University pollution sources and existing projects in and one which is funded by the National Science and environmental impacts assessments, 3rd National Technology Council (NSTC) of the Government of Conference on Occupational Health, Safety and the Republic of Zambia. These are shown in the table Environment, “Sustainability- Safe Production, below. Green Growth and Healthier lives”, 2nd-3rd November 2017 Table 1: CBU Funded Research projects 2. Agabu Shane* Xu Xinyang2Removal of Copper Project title Principal investigator from Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) or Acid Rock Drainage (ARD), 3rd National Conference on 1 Water Supply & Mwema Wanjia (CBU Occupational Health, Safety and Environment, Quality Assess- funded) this project “Sustainability- Safe Production, Green Growth ment: An Ap- has 3 principal inves- and Healthier lives”, 2nd-3rd November 2017. proach to Water tigators indicated in 3. Chamululu, C., Nguvulu, A., and M. M. Daka, Consumption the different reporting Investigating the Desertification of Southern Reduction and periods Region of Zambia Using Remote Sensing and quality Control GIS. 6th International Conference on Dry Lands, at the Copper- Deserts and Desertification (DDD2017). 6th – 9th belt University November 2017, Sede Boqer, Israel. 2 Demonstration Gershom Mwandila 4. Nguvulu, A., Chungu, D., and Wambwa, D. 2017. of a Technology (CBU funded) Effects of Land Use Types and Climate Change to Clean Raw on Green Water on the Copperbelt Province of Biogas for Elec- Zambia. International Conference on Geology, Mining, Mineral and Groundwater Resources of tricity Genera- Sub-saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities, tion 11th – 13th July 2017, Livingstone, Zambia. 3 Evaluating the Phenny Mwaanga 5. Nguvulu, A., and Okello, N. 2017. Spatio-Temporal Safety of Cu, (NSTC funded) Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Change in CuO and ZnO Lusaka City Using Geoinformatics Tools. 1st nano-particles International Multi-Disciplinary Conference using proteom- on “Knowledge Sharing and Innovation ics techniques Competitiveness for Responsive and Sustainable Development” (IMDC2017). 23rd – 25th August • Project 1: A study to quantify water losses was 2017, Livingstone, Zambia. undertaken. The next phase is to establish the quality of water. Additional analytical equipment 6. Nguvulu, A., and Kantumoya, O. 2017. Derivation will be required. of the Hydrology of the Copperbelt Province from • Project 2: Preliminary indications were that the SRTM30 DEM using GIS. International Conference project is viable. A new digester was fabricated and on Geology, Mining, Mineral and Groundwater a Gas Cleaner procured, awaiting duty clearance. Resources of Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and • Project 3: Two milestones were completed. Opportunities, 11th – 13th July 2017, Livingstone, Progression to Phase 3 awaits identification of an Zambia. institution with suitable equipment. 7. Banda, P., Chenda F.K., 2017. Plate settlers as a viable alternative to conventional sedimentation The school submitted 3 projects for funding in 2017. basin. Zambia Water Forum and Exhibition. Mulungushi Conference Center. June 12 -13, 2017. 8. Sichilima, S., Effects of Increased Electricity Tariffs on the Environment, Environmental Management Sensitization Radio Programme, Radio Cengelo.

36 reeasrch report 2017 SCHOOL OF NATURAL RESOURCES

About the School chool of Natural Resources is the only institution offering training in Forestry, Wildlife Management, and Wood Science and Technology Sat degree level in Zambia. It aims to enhance decision-making for sustainable natural resource exploitation. The school aims at providing scientific evidence that provides for sound natural resource policies. Additionally, the school is involved in capacity building of natural resource related aspects such as REDD+ and climate change related aspects. Over the years, the school has contributed towards natural resources management and muilti-disciplinary research programmes. Within the Copperbelt Province, where the University is located are experimental sites under different treatments that were established in the 1960s which offer excellent demonstration sites for field courses. The Copperbelt Province also has a high concentration of small sawmills that may also provide unique training opportunities.

Prof. royd vinya - Dean.

Different kinds of paper is made from fibrous materials, mainly wood. Soft wood is the common source of pulp material for paper making at an industrial scale. Soft wood is preferred because it has longer cellulose fibers than hard wood which are preferred for paper making.

reeasrch report 2017 37 Soft wood chips ready for pulping

CBU has successfully grown Mukula from the plant tissue using tissue culture process (see the picture in the left corner). This suggests that mass production of Mukula is possible.

38 reeasrch report 2017 Pictures on the left are showing the tissue culture technique used to propagate and speed up the germination of Chikanda. This project has also been successful suggesting that production of large quantities that can be distributed to the farmers is possible.

TISSUE CULTURE-IMPROVED PLANT PROPAGATION

reeasrch report 2017 39 Research Focus: Africa: livestock predation, ethno-biology, land use The research activities are diverse and include but practices and conservation. Animal Biodiversity not limited to woodland and forest management, rural and Conservation 40(1): 121-132. livelihood, ecosystem services and management, 5. Youldon, D.A., Abell, J., Briffitt, J.S., Chama, L., carbon sequestration analysis, climate change Channings, M.D., Kilundo, A. et al., 2017, ‘Patch- mitigation and adaptation, wild life biology and occupancy survey of elephant (Loxodonta africana) management, wood science and technology, surroundingLivingstone, Zambia. Koedoe 59(1), ecotourism, agroforestry and plantation silviculture. a1372. 6. Nyambe, K., Chama, L., Siachoono, S. and Consultancies and research projects: Mubemba, B. (2017). Food Quality in Lusaka 1. Developing value chain innovation platforms to National Park: TrackingMortality in Black Lechwe improve food security in East and Southern Africa Antelopes. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare (Funded by Australian Government) Science. 12(1) 1-11 2. Developing ecological models for forest restoration 7. Nyirenda, V. R., Namukonde, N., and Fushike, of mining generated wastelands-dump sites: a P. (2017). Road kills of wild vertebrates in Kafue contribution towards sustainable mining in Zambia National Park, Zambia, between January 2008 and (Funded by NSTC) December 2012. African Journal of Ecology 55: 3. Food Security in rural Zambia: Integrating 738-741. Traditional Fruit and Vegetable Crops in 8. Nyirenda, V. R., Kaoma, C., Nyirongo, S., Lwali, Smallholder Agroforestry Systems (Funded by C. A. and Chomba, C. (2017). Social exchange Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Germany) and structuralist-constructionism approaches 4. Darwinian Initiative funded project (Orchid project) for enhanced ecotourism and food security in 5. Testing the effect of food quality of agricultural wildlife-agrarian mosaic landscapes: insights from crops and the proximity of farmland to boundaries eastern Zambia. International Journal of Tourism of both protected areas and wildlife corridors on Policy 7(2): 93-109. crop raids by elephants (Funded by BES) 9. Nyirenda, V. R., Phiri, C. J., Sompa, B., Ndhlovu, 6. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment R., Namukonde, N., and Chisha-Kasumu, E. (ESIA) for a power line_Dangote (Copperbelt (2016). Avian occupancy along multiple land use Energy Cooperation) type gradients in miombo dominated landscapes. Journal of Biodiversity Management and Publications Forestry 5(4). DOI: 10.4172/2327-4417.1000169. 1. Handavu, F., Chirwa, P.W., Syampungani, S and 10. Kayika, P., Siachoono, S.M., Kalinda,C. and Larwanou, M. 2017). A review of carbon dynamics Kwenye, M.J. An Investigation of concentrations and assessment methods in the miomboo of copper, cobalt and cadmium minerals in soils woodlands. Southern Forests 2017:1-8. http:// and mango fruits growing on Konkola copper mine dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2016.1277643. tailings dam in Chingola. Archives of Science Journal(Accepted for publication) 2. Kwenye, J.M., & Freimund, W. (2017). Examining antecedents of destination loyalty in a Zambian 11. Mubembaa, B., Thompsonb, P.N., Odendaal, L., context: The effect of perceived value, service Coetzeea, P. and Venter, E.H. 2017. Evaluation of quality and satisfaction. Journal of African positive Rift Valley fever virus formalin-fixed paraffin Interdisciplinary Studies, 1(2): 4-22. embedded samples as a source of sequence data for retrospective phylogenetic analysis. Journal of 3. Monde,C., S Syampungani, S., A Rico A & PJ Virological Methods, 243: 10–14 van den Brink , PJ (2017). The potential for using red claw crayfish and hybrid African catfish as 12. Fafetine, J.M., Coetzee, P., Mubemba, B., biological control agents for Schistosoma host Nhambirre, O., Neves, L., Coetzer, J.A.W. and snails. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 42:3, Venter, E.H. 2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 235-243, DOI: 10.2989/16085914.2017.1373245 22 (12): 2165 - 2167 4. Nyirenda, V. R., Musonda, F., Kambole, S., and Tembo, S. (2017). Peasant farmer-raptor conflicts around Chembe Bird Sanctuary, Zambia, Central

40 reeasrch report 2017 Dag Hammarskjöld Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies

About the Institute he Dag Hammarskjöld Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies (DHIPS) has grown its academic programmes from the MA to Tinclude PhD and the Bachelor of Arts programmes. Students for the three programmes come from different disciplines and carry a wealth of practical experience which enriches the learning and teaching experience. While the Lusaka Campus, housed at the Zambia Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies (ZIDIS), offers the evening mode of study, Riverside campus in Kitwe affords students to pursue their studies under any of the three modes.

At Masters-level, students opt for one of the three modes of study: full- time, evening or distance. The Masters programme runs in three stages. Stage one covers foundational courses in Peace and Conflict Studies. Students split into specialisations at Stage Two and continue through Stage Three. Three of the five specialisations have so far attracted most of the students: Human Rights, Governance and Peacebuilding; Human Security and Development; and Environment, Sustainable Development and Peace. At the end of Stage Four, students present their dissertations to graduate. Since 2013, when the Institute graduated its first cohort, dr. john bwalya - more than a hundred students have successfully completed their Masters director degrees with some proceeding to undertake doctoral studies.

At the national level, the Institute has continued to contribute to conflict transformation and peacebuilding through training, conferences and seminars. Through partnerships, the Institute is headed for greater impact on the local and international levels.

The Institute is also currently offering a course in Mind Education to foster a positive mindset. In line with the national values, as espoused in the Zambian Constitution, the Mind Education course helps learners to build a strong, responsible and responsive attitude to oneself, others and the environment.

reeasrch report 2017 41 Research Focus The traditional areas of research focus for the Institute remain within the ambit its specialisations: 1. Human Rights, Governance and Peacebuilding 2. Human Security and Development 3. Environment, Sustainable Development and Peace 4. Diplomacy and Strategic Studies 5. Defence and Security Management

Individual members of the academic staff are currently undertaking research in electoral politics, ethnic and power relations, conflict transformation and environment. The various research output will Presentation of Certificates of Attendance further enhance the academic reach of the Institute. Partnerships and Linkages Consultancies and Short Courses The Institute places premium on establishing and 1. Mind Education 25 – 29 September 2017 sustaining both local and international partnerships. 2. Employees of Mopani Copper mines Plc These linkages seek to grow mutually beneficial were trained in Mind Education in a corporate academic and professional benefits through environment. knowledge and skills-exchange for greater impact 3. UNICEF-ESARO Induction Course 27th November on the national and international levels. The institute to 1st December 2017 is moving towards more activity-based linkages and 4. Professor Owen Sichone provided training at increased research output and conferences. Some of the 2017 UNICEF-ESARO course at Rift Valley the local and international linkages inlude the United Institute in Lusaka. Nations Development Programmes (UNDP), Regional Centre for Democracy and 5. Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission Good Governance, the Zambia Institute of Diplomacy (CEEC) and International Studies, the United States Embassy, 6. Dr Rosemary Fumpa Makano conducted an Red Cross, Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation, Osaka Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. School of International Public Policy of th Osaka The consultancy is still in progress. University - Japan, Martyrs University, and the University for Peace Africa Programme. Short Course in Proposal and Dissertation Writing The immediate future, the institute is working on Dr John Bwalya offered a short course in research formalising partnership with the Angle Brooks Centre, proposal and dissertation writing. The course aims among others. to equip participants at Masters and PhD levels with practical skills to develop a research proposal, Peer-reviewed Journal Articles conduct research and write a theoretically grounded 1. Bwalya, J., & Sichone, O. (2016). ‘I will crawl before dissertation/thesis. you’: Political endorsements, defections and patronage in Zambian elections. Africa Insight, 46(3): 118-130. 2. Bwalya, J., & Maharaj, B. (2017). Not to the highest bidder: the failure of incumbency in the Zambian 2011 elections. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, DOI: 10.1080/02589001.2017.1369014 3. Kasoma, C., Kwaleyela, L., & Yorke, G. (2017). Language Use in Education and Ethnic Conflict and Challenges amidst Competing Linguistic Allegiances: The Case of the Lundas and Luvales in Zambezi District, Zambia. The International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Science, 1(1), 47-59. Participants in the Short Course in Research Proposal 4. Roberts, D., & Silwamba, S. (2017). Ethnicity, and Dissertation Writing Politics and Zambian Youth. Contemporary Social Science, 12(3-4), https://doi.org/10.1080/2158204 1.2017.1385831

42 reeasrch report 2017 Conferences and Seminars

Mine Tour with Osaka students and staff, November 2017

Seminar with DHIPS and Osaka students and staff, November 2017

reeasrch report 2017 43 44 reeasrch report 2017 KAPASA MAKASA UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

About the Unit he Copperbelt University operationalised the Kapasa Makasa University campus in Chinsali on 10th October 2017. The campus Twhich has been in existence for 22 months now is offers four undergraduate programmes in agroforestry, animal science, fisheries and aquaculture and ICT managed by 12 academics. No postgraduate programmes have yet been developed.

However, it is planned to establish research groups focusing on ICT, education, sustainable agriculture, ecology and silviculture, and fisheries and aquaculture in tandem with increasing numbers of academics. KMU lies in a biologically rich area of Zambia with significant and largely undisturbed natural resources – both terrestrial and aquatic. contains a ridge which forms catchments that are part of two river basins i.e. the Congo and Zambezi basins. There are few nationally significant catchments that supply two basins such as that found in Muchinga Province. The area called munwapabili (along the Nakonde-Kapiri Mposhi road in the north of Chinsali town) is a typical example that signifies the existence of knowledge about the two basins within the local culture. The Luangwa system, lying within Prof. Jameson Mwitwa the Muchinga escarpment, promises significant research outputs in - Director understanding its biology, ecosystem functions, ethnobotany and socio- ecology. Agriculture is making inroads and has the potential to generate research outputs in terms of livelihoods, ecosystem services, land husbandry, socio-environmental trade offs and governance. Another area of potential research and innovation output is the ICT programme. Final year students (undergrads), and hopefully graduate students in future, constitute a significant human capital for investing in cutting edge research in ICT targeted at producing public goods with the potential for industrial use and general consumption.

reeasrch report 2017 45 Current Research Projects Agriculture 2.2 (2017): 333-344. Volume 2 Issue 2 1. Kanja K. and Mweemba M.: Modelling Forest November 2017. Structural parameters using Remote Sensing/GIS 5. Ndulinga, P. and J. Mwitwa. (2017). Investigation and field data. of potential sources of conflicts from joint forest 2. Chikowa P. C., Nkonde E., and Siluyele N. Use management of the ILA Local Forest in Namwala, of ICTs in Secondary Schools. A case study of Zambia. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Muchinga Province. Studies and Management, 10(1): 89-100. http:// dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejesm.v10i1.9. 3. Nkonde E., Mweemba M, and Siluyele N. Evaluating the impact of teaching and learning of 6. Ng’andwe, P., Chungu, D., Ratnasingam, J., Mathematics and Science using local language Ramananantoandro, T., Donfack, P. and J. Mwitwa. (Language of play). A case of Chinsali district. (2017). Forestry industry development in Zambia: an opportunity for public private partnership for 4. Chisha_Kasumu, Kalaba F. K. and Mweemba M. small and medium enterprises. International The effect of plant hormones and physical removal Forestry Review, 19(4): 467477. DOI: https://doi. of seed coat in improving germination rates and org/10.1505/146554817822272376 . certification provenances. 7. Nyimbili B. and Musuka C.G. (2017). Fish Seed 5. Mwitwa J. Contextual analysis of Agriculture in Availability, Quality, Quantity and Its Significance Zambia (Under the SENTINEL Project) to Aquaculture Development in Zambia. Innovative 6. Mwitwa J. Regeneration of Mukula from seed Techniques in Agriculture 1.4 (2017): 162-173. 7. Mwitwa J. Phenology of Mukula 8. Sakala, W.D. and J. Mwitwa. (2017). Role of donors 8. Mwitwa J. Indigenous Knowledge and conservation in environmental resource policy in Zambia. in Zambia (Ph D – CBU) Sustainable Resource Management Journal, 2(5): 9. Mwitwa J. Vulnerability of Fish based livelihoods to 1-14. http://doi.org/10.4281/zenodo.843991. climate variability and change of Bangweulu Fish 9. Simakando, S., Musuka, C.G., and Kefi, A.S. Community (Ph D- UNILUS) (2017). Fish Imports and Their Contribution 10. Mwitwa J. Analysis of biodiversity based towards Feeding an Ever-Growing Population in adaptation strategies to climate change impacts in Zambia”. Innovative Techniques in Agriculture 1.2 the Mumbwa Game Management Area (Ph D – (2017): 107-115. UNILUS). Research Reports 11. Mwitwa J. Analysis of the effectiveness of the Management of world heritage sites tourism 1. Mwitwa, J., Sibajene, M., Katebe, K., Chipoya, products in Zimbabwe (Ph D- UNILUS) G.C. and Y. Namiluko. The Kitwe City Region Farming System and its Givernance. FAO Kitwe Peer Reviewed Journal Publications CRFS Report. 2017. 1. Kanyembo, H.K. and Musuka, C. G., (2017). 2. Mwitwa, J. Policy and Institutional Review for Nutritional Value and Consumer Acceptability Biodiversity Finance in Zambia. UNDP BIOFIN, of Fresh, Sundried and Smoke-Dried Tilapia in Lusaka. 2017. Zambia. International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture (IJFH) Volume 3, Issue 4, 2017, PP Conference and Workshop Proceedings 6-14 ISSN No. (Online) 2454–9487 DOI: http:// 1. SADC-Worldfish-FAO Platform for Genetics dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0304002 www. in Aquaculture and Validation of the FAO arcjournals.org. “Framework on Sustainable Use, Management 2. Kanja, T., Siwale, W. and M. Mweemba. (2017). And Conservation Of Aquatic Genetic Resources Time series analysis of encroachments in mwekera For Aquaculture”, 25 – 29 September 2017. forest reserve using remote sensing and GIS. Pamodzi Hotel, Lusaka, Zambia. Conference ID: CFP/391/2017. The International 2. Mwitwa, J., Namiluko, Y., Chipoya, G.C., Katebe, K. Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research. ISSN: and M. Sibajene. Role of Smallholder Producers in 3471-7102. Paper-ID: CFP/391/2017 www.ijmdr. Feeding Kitwe City Region. FAO Food for Cities net Conference. 19.10.2017. Valencia, Spain. 3. Monde, C., Syampungani, S., Rico A & van den Brink PJ (2017). The potential for using red claw crayfish and hybrid African catfish as biological control agents for Schistosoma host snails: African Journal of Aquatic Science 42(3): 235–243. 4. Mutali, N. and Musuka, C.G., (2017). “Enforcement on Allowable Fishing Gears and Boat Licensing Permits Cause Fishers to Avoid Designated Landing Sites”. Innovative Techniques in

46 reeasrch report 2017 University Library

About the Copperbelt University Library he Copperbelt University Library continued its quest for mechanisms to enable it provide a smart academic library service Tincorporating innovative use of space, appropriate facilities, and relevant resources to all CBU areas of operation. Work is carried out through three operational units, namely; the Public Services Department, The Technical Services Department and the Electronic and Special Collections Department. The University Library is comprised of a Main Library at the Riverside Campus and Branch Libraries at the Dag Hammarskjöld Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies (DHIPS) and Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, respectively.

The University Library buildings are open as follows:

MONDAY TO FRIDAY: 09:00 - 22:00 SATURDAYS: 09:00 - 12:30 SUNDAYS: 14:00 - 18:00

However, researchers are advised to note changes in opening hours for each campus at different periods of the academic calendar. ms. agness chitambo- librarian

reeasrch report 2017 47 Research Focus consignment of new higher education level During 2017, the University Library research activity books selected by CBU Library, to the Copperbelt focused on academic development initiatives, University until March 2021. resource mobilisation, and infrastructure development. To this end, 3. American Corner – eLibraryUSA 1. Information Literacy (IL) workshops were conducted The American Corner hosted by CBU is coordinated to enhance researchers’ information seeking skills through seconding of a library member of staff. The and to market the university’s research resources. University Library has ensured community access Intensive hands on training included sessions on to research resources offered through the Centre, Citation and Referencing, Information searching and specifically, the vast and multidisciplinary and retrieval from databases and others sources, eLibraryUSA database. Critical review of literature, Research ethics, Academic proposal writing, preparation of slides and presentation using Power Point .The IL 4. Hosting of Library and Information Science workshops are offered on an ongoing basis, on (LIS) interns demand or by prior arrangement to individuals The University Library continued to host LIS or groups, and through selected modules within student interns from the University of Zambia courses in the various faculties. and Evelyn Hone College on attachment basis 2. The University Library received a free consignment for work experience. This initiative has enriched of 1790 volumes of new books in various subjects the partnership between the CBU Library and the from Book Aid International, United Kingdom. Library and Information Sector training institutions. The bulk of this consignment was selected for This also ensures that the CBU Library has an input incorporation into the School of Medicine Library. into the training of prospective library personnel. 3. A Coordinator was appointed to redress paucity RESEARCH ACTIVITY BY STAFF of research and publication among academic library staff. The Library Research and Seminars Publications: Peer Reviewed Journals Committee remained active and members of staff presented conference papers and prepared others 1. Akakandelwa, A., Banda, C., Chitambo, A., for publication. Chelemu, G. and Makondo, F. (2017) An Investigation of Computer Usage and Ergonomics Awareness Among Library Staff at Three Selected Partnerships and Linkages Public Universities in Zambia. The International The Library sought new smart partnerships and Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research strengthened various existing linkages in a bid to 2. Chipembele, M (2016) Assessing e-readiness benefit from the networking opportunities and to of the Copperbelt University in Zambia: Case mobilize research resources. study of the International Journal of Information and Learning Technology IJLT, vol. 33 No. 5, 1. The CBU Library remained an active member of September 2016. the Zambian Library Consortium (ZALICO), thereby continuing subscription to electronic Publications: Book Chapters resources, and providing access to the following, 1. Chipembele, M and Bwalya, K. (2014) the future among other key databases: of library services in the digital economy: a case study of the Copperbelt University Library African Journals Online (AJOL) i. IN: the digital access and e-government: ii. AGORA perspectives from developing countries. iii. American Physics Society iv. BioOne Peer Reviewed Conference papers v. Cambridge University Press 1. Chipembele, M and Banda,C (2018) Libraries as enablers of social innovation: A prototype of vi. EBSCOHost a modern Librarian – paper presented at the vii. HINARY Library and Information Association of Zambia viii. IMFelibrary (LIAZ) Annual General Conference held from 17th th ix. JSTOR to 20 July 2018, Christmer Hotel, Livingstone. x. Nature Publishing Group 2. Ngambi C., Katantha N and Banda, C. (2018). Strategies to improve reading culture 2. Book Aid International among children: the role of the Librarian – The partnership with Book Aid International (BAI) paper presented at the Library and Information has been strengthened with a Memorandum of Association of Zambia (LIAZ) Annual General th th Understanding signed. The BAI has undertaken Conference held from 17 to 20 July 2018, to donate and pay for shipping of an annual Christmer Hotel, Livingstone.

48 reeasrch report 2017 3. Banda, E., Chileshe, B. and Mwamba, R. (2018). 3. Banda, C., Organisational factors affecting the Role of Libraries and Information Centers in adoption of social media in public universities the Implementation of the Seventh National in Zambia Development Plan - paper presented at the 4. Banda, C, Musonda Y, and Makondo, F., Library and Information Association of Zambia Continuing professional development for th (LIAZ) Annual General Conference held from 17 library staff at three selected public universities th to 20 July 2018, Christmer Hotel, Livingstone. in Zambia. 4. Nyirenda, L and Chipembele, M. (2017). The 5. Hamwela, V., Siziya, S., Nyerembe, S. and application of sustainable development Goals Balakrishnan, S.,. Assessing the value of the in academic libraries in Zambia: How public Copperbelt University Medical Library to its user access to information promotes peace and community. justice – paper presented at the Library and 6. Hamwela, V. and Kanyengo, C., Free health Information Association of Zambia (LIAZ) Annual information initiatives can be a platform to bridge General Conference held at Lake Safari, Siavonga. the research gap and solution for limited journal subscription budget in low and medium income On Going Research Medical Schools: A look at HINARI’s potential at 1. Nyirenda, L and Banda, C. Assessment of the Copperbelt University, School of Medicine . User’s perception of quality of service in academic libraries in Zambia: Case study of the Copperbelt University and the University of Zambia Medical Libraries. 2. Banda, C and Chipembele, M., The role of libraries in the achievement of sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Zambia

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