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Network Design and Incremental Relaying Forschungsberichteausdem InstitutfürNachrichtentechnikdes CEL KarlsruherInstitutsfürTechnologie Tobias Renk CooperativeCommunications: Network Design and Incremental Relaying Band24 Copyright: Institut fur¨ Nachrichtentechnik Karlsruher Institut fur¨ Technologie, 2010 Druck: Engelhardt und Bauer Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH K¨appelestraße 10, 76131 Karlsruhe ISSN: 1433-3821 II Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut fur¨ Nachrichtentechnik des Karlsruher Instituts fur¨ Technologie Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Friedrich Jondral Band 1 Marcel Kohl Simulationsmodelle fur¨ die Bewertung von Satellitenubertragungsstrecken¨ im 20/30 GHz Bereich Band 2 Christoph Delfs Zeit-Frequenz-Signalanalyse: Lineare und quadratische Verfahren sowie vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Klassifikation von Klaviert¨onen Band 3 Gunnar Wetzker Maximum-Likelihood Akquisition von Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum Signalen Band 4 Anne Wiesler Parametergesteuertes Software Radio fur¨ Mobilfunksysteme Band5 KarlLutjen¨ Systeme und Verfahren fur¨ strukturelle Musteranalysen mit Produktionsnetzen Band 6 Ralf Machauer Multicode-Detektion im UMTS Band 7 Gunther M. A. Sessler Schnell konvergierender Polynomial Expansion Multiuser Detektor mit niedriger Komplexit¨at Band 8 Henrik Schober Breitbandige OFDM Funkubertragung¨ bei hohen Teilnehmergeschwindigkeiten Band 9 Arnd-Ragnar Rhiemeier Modulares Software Defined Radio III Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut fur¨ Nachrichtentechnik des Karlsruher Instituts fur¨ Technologie Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Friedrich Jondral Band 10 Mustafa Mengu¸c¨ Oner¨ Air Interface Identification for Software Radio Systems Band 11 Fatih ¸Capar Dynamische Spektrumverwaltung und elektronische Echtzeitvermarktung von Funkspektren in Hotspotnetzen Band 12 Ihan Martoyo Frequency Domain Equalization in CDMA Detection Band 13 Timo Weiß OFDM-basiertes Spectrum Pooling Band 14 Wojciech Kuropatwi´nski-Kaiser MIMO-Demonstrator basierend auf GSM-Komponenten Band 15 Piotr Rykaczewski Quadraturempf¨anger fur¨ Software Defined Radios: Kompensation von Gleichlauffehlern Band 16 Michael Eisenacher Optimierung von Ultra-Wideband-Signalen (UWB) Band 17 Clemens Kl¨ock Auction-based Medium Access Control Band 18 Martin Henkel Architektur eines DRM-Empf¨angers und Basisbandalgorith- men zur Frequenzakquisition und Kanalsch¨atzung Band 19 Stefan Edinger Mehrtr¨agerverfahren mit dynamisch-adaptiver Modulation zur unterbrechungsfreien Datenubertragung¨ in St¨orf¨allen IV Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut fur¨ Nachrichtentechnik des Karlsruher Instituts fur¨ Technologie Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Friedrich Jondral Band 20 Volker Blaschke Multiband Cognitive Radio-Systeme Band 21 Ulrich Berthold Dynamic Spectrum Access using OFDM-based Overlay Systems Band 22 Sinja Brandes Suppression of Mutual Interference in OFDM-based Overlay Systems Band 23 Christian K¨orner Cognitive Radio – Kanalsegmentierung und Sch¨atzung von Periodizit¨aten Band 24 Tobias Renk Cooperative Communications: Network Design and Incremental Relaying V VI Vorwort des Herausgebers In der Mobilkommunikation wird in naher Zukunft mit einem explosionsartigen An- wachsen des Datenaufkommens gerechnet. Damit werden Untersuchungen aller ver- fugbaren¨ Methoden, die eine bessere Nutzung der bekanntlich stark eingeschr¨ankt verfugbaren¨ Ressource Frequenz versprechen, notwendig. Dazu geh¨ort die Einfuhrung¨ von Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Strategien genauso wie der Einsatz von Cognitive Radios (CRs) in Overlaysystemen oder die Nutzung der Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Technik. Eine weitere, schon lange bekannte Methode, besteht darin, Relais einzusetzen1. Sie ist in letzter Zeit erneut unter dem Namen Kooperative Kommu- nikation stark in das Interesse der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion geruckt.¨ Praktische Anwendungen finden Relais heute in der Satellitenkommunikation, im Richtfunk und in Sonderanwendungen. In zellularen Systemen werden kooperative Systeme bisher nicht eingesetzt, da sie hier zu einem stark erh¨ohten Signalisierungsauf- kommen fuhren.¨ Allerdings zeichnen sich zurzeit Anwendungen ab, die eine tiefer gehende Besch¨aftigung mit Prinzipien der Kooperativen Kommunikation sinnvoll er- scheinen lassen. Sollen sich z.B. in einer Produktionshalle fur¨ den Materialtransport genutzte Plattformen vollst¨andig autonom bewegen k¨onnen, muss jede Plattform uber¨ eine Kommunikationskomponente verfugen,¨ die sowohl eine Kommunikation von jeder Plattform zu jeder anderen als auch die Verbindung jeder Plattform mit dem Steuer- rechner gestattet. Hier ist Kooperative Kommunikation der von den Plattformen ge- tragenen Endger¨ate untereinander gefragt, z.B. wenn eine Plattform von der direkten Verbindung mit dem Steuerrechner abgeschattet ist. Mit seiner Dissertation Cooperative Communications: Network Design and Incre- mental Relaying liefert Tobias Renk interessante Beitr¨age zur Diskussion uber¨ den Einsatz von Relais. Er hat dabei folgende Beitr¨age zum Fortschritt von Wissenschaft und Technik geleistet: 1Siehe z.B. Arthur C. Clarke: Extra-terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage? Wireless World, October 1945, p. 305 VII Entwicklung und Verifikation des Adaptive Relay Selection Protocols (ARSPs) • Beschreibung einer Methode zur optimalen Leistungs- und Zeitallokation in Re- • laisnetzen Beschreibung eines neuartigen, bezuglich¨ der Kombinationsstrategie hybriden, • Diversit¨atsempf¨angers Grundlegende Untersuchungen zur theoretischen Beschreibung und zur Perfor- • manceabgrenzung des Incremental Relaying Karlsruhe, im Juli 2010 Friedrich Jondral VIII Cooperative Communications: Network Design and Incremental Relaying Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTOR-INGENIEURS der Fakult¨at fur¨ Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik des Karlsruher Instituts fur¨ Technologie genehmigte DISSERTATION von Dipl.-Ing. (BA) Tobias Renk aus Kronach Tag der mundlichen¨ Prufung:¨ 15. Juli 2010 Hauptreferent: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Friedrich K. Jondral Korreferent: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank H. P. Fitzek X In rebus multo plus quam ea, quae primo aspectu praeterientes cognoscere possumus, est. Artium honestarum est hoc investigare. XI XII To the loving memory of my grandmother. She always put others first in her life and showed me that one can have a rich and fulfilled life by making others happy. How proud would she be today, how proud! XIII XIV Acknowledgment There’ll be lots of hard times along the way. Rude Bones My supervisor Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Friedrich K. Jondral deserves many thanks. He guided me in many ways, gave me the opportunity to do this thesis and the freedom to pursue my own ideas. His numerous efforts and dedication kept me focused during my time at his lab. Being more than just an inspiration from an academic point of view, he always aims at shaping his students personally and prepare them for whatever will come. I am sure that I will benefit from all this in my future. His mentoring has left a permanent mark! In addition, I would like to thank Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Fitzek for serving on my thesis committee and improving the final version of this work. This dissertation has definitely benefited from his comments and suggestions. Moreover, I thank Prof. Dr.- Ing. Thomas Zwick, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wilhelm Storck, and Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Olaf D¨ossel for serving on my thesis committee. I am very grateful to Prof. Andrea Goldsmith for giving me the opportunity to come to the Wireless Systems Laboratory at Stanford as a visiting researcher. I very much enjoyed my time at Stanford and made a lot of new friends. This thesis benefited from her great knowledge and I remember having numerous valuable discussions on my research topic. I had a fantastic time at Stanford. And yeah – thanks for the shirt! During the course of a dissertation, you meet a lot of new people. And sometimes you know that they will be with you for the rest of your life. From an academic per- spective, these are certainly Dr.-Ing. Holger J¨akel and Deniz Gund¨ uz.¨ Holger always had a calm way of discussing my research and he brought up a lot of new ideas. XV Moreover, I will never forget him as a great sportsmate. He was also proof-reading a draft version of this dissertation and gave very helpful and valuable comments. I met Deniz during my time at Stanford and once visited him at Princeton University. His great knowledge and creativity have been very enriching to me. Chapter 6 has definitely benefited from his contributions. Of many colleagues, I deeply thank Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Hauske for proof-reading this thesis and improving it with numerous helpful comments. With Dipl.-Ing. Dennis Burgkhardt and Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Nagel I shared wonderful times at and outside the lab. I also enjoyed having a lot of non-technical discussions with those guys. And remember, you two are the next in line! In addition, thanks also go to my former roommate Dr.-Ing. Clemens Kl¨ock and my former colleague Dr.-Ing. Volker Blaschke. They already got it done. If there is one guy at the lab who is passionate about sports, it is Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Reiner Linnenkohl. I thank him for the time we shared in the gym and the music he shared with me. Excellent taste! My parents sent me – against my will – to the Gymnasium and this step still influences my life every day. They were right at that time – little did I know then. They showed me to believe in higher education and to accept new challenges with enthusiasm and courage. Even if they could not understand every step I made in the past, they supported me with endless love and
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