2 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Vol. 38, No. 10 OCTOBER 2017 PRESIDENT’SCOLUMN 100Headline More Years Here of Science Fueling the Next 100 Years of Prosperity SubheadBY CHARLES STERNBACH Here and Here BY AUTHORhis month, NAME AAPG will hold our professional societies have played a major International Conference and Exhibition role in the technology transfer that continues T(ICE)XXXXYYYYZZZZ in the ExCel center in London, AAPG is dedicated to providing to fuel global prosperity. England. The theme of the event is “100 valuable geoscience and professional YearsX of Science Fueled by 100 Years of What’s Next? Prosperity.” content to fuel prosperity in AAPG’s Kudos to the London ICE organizers for We are presently working out details an outstanding program! second century for the two-day Global Super Basin One session in particular I recommend Leadership Conference previously attendees mark on their calendar is the STERNBACH announced for Feb. 28-March 2, 2018 Discovery Thinking Forum which will be at the Hilton America Hotel in Houston. held on Monday afternoon, Oct. 16, in the geologist Hans Ronnevik at the 2014 people to see Hans Ronnevik’s 2014 talk This new conference will share best conference center Capital Suite. I will be Discovery Thinking Forum. He talked about and that of his colleague Arild Jorstad in practices on energy, economics and the at my usual podium spot co-chairing the the process leading to the 2010 discovery of 2012 in the AAPG Discovery Thinking Video environment. forum along with past AAPG President Paul the giant Johan Sverdrup Field on the Utsira Vault. The discovery methodology is also AAPG is dedicated to providing Weimer and past AAPG European Region high, in the central part of the Norwegian published in AAPG Memoir 113 “Giant valuable geoscience and professional President Jonathan Craig. North Sea. The Norwegian North Sea was Fields of the Decade 2000-2010” edited by content to fuel prosperity in AAPG’s Discovery Thinking Forums began in considered exhausted after more than 40 myself and Robert Merrill. second century, through both publications 2007 and I have spoken about them before. years of disappointing exploration drilling Bob Merrill and I are already working on and events. Since 2010 there has been It was a program initiative created by the before Ronnevik’s team re-assessed the a proposed 2010-2020 AAPG Memoir of a technology-led energy renaissance to 100th Anniversary Committee that featured area. Reserves would become 1.7-3.0 billion Giant Fields. Let us know if you have a giant revisit the world’s most richly endowed geo-discoverers telling stories about finding barrels of oil. The discovery was the result field discovered in that timeline you’d like to super basins. David Gee of Boston new fields or creating new play concepts. of a breakthrough of systematic geoscience write about! It is fun to see the sequence of Consulting Group will present how During Discovery Thinking in London, integration that made use of improved giant fields unfold over the past century of we plan to feature four game-changing broadband seismic data. I encourage AAPG. It is clear to me that AAPG and other See President, page 15 play discoveries (see article on page # for the full story). In addition, I plan to feature several brief representative vignettes of previous presentations spotlighting Message to Hurricane-Affected Members valuable exploration lessons. In the decade APG Members in Houston, Miami Society is AAPG’s largest affiliated society normal – a new and different normal for since inception, 19 Discovery Thinking and other cities and towns along – comprising 18 percent of our total this entire region.” Forums have been hosted at both Annual the Gulf Coast and Caribbean have membership. AAPG’s regional presence But Texas is resilient; Florida is Convention and Exhibition (ACE) and ICE A endured a harrowing and disruptive is even broader when adding the other resilient; and the Gulf coast is resilient. events. More than 100 speakers and their experience over the past weeks. Our areas impacted by the storm, with 7,267 The process of recovery is already co-authors have presented discoveries thoughts and concerns are with them members in the Gulf Coast Section. We underway, and I encourage you to find they know well commonly to standing room and their neighbors as they continue to all have colleagues and friends who are ways to help and support the recovery only audiences. We owe these “100 who deal with the devastating and potentially based there – often very good friends of this region that is so vitally important made a difference” heartfelt gratitude as life-changing impact of Hurricanes we’ve known for decades – and watching to our industry and profession. we celebrate the AAPG centenary. They Harvey, Irma and Maria. the images of the destruction caused by As a global community of petroleum have generously gifted us with hard won As all AAPG Members know, Houston this storm has been horrifying. geologists, AAPG stands with the people and costly insights leading to significant is both an important location for the For the people of this region the pain of the Gulf Coast and the Caribbean. discoveries. We pay tribute to the 115 men energy industry as well as an important and suffering is real. As Texas Gov. and women who have participated in these part of the AAPG family. With 5,330 Greg Abbott said of what’s yet to come, Charles A. Sternbach Discovery Thinking forums. members, the Houston Geological “We need to recognize it will be a new AAPG President 2017-18 I was inspired by meeting the renowned

STAFF TABLEofCONTENTS REGULARDEPARTMENTS Managing Editor The Next 100 Years: The energy Historical Highlights...... 20 Brian Ervin Rescue 06 industry has an important role to Page 29 [email protected] play in raising the quality of life of Geophysical Corner...... 22 the more than one billion people in Art Direction/Production Foundation Update...... 30 Matt Randolph the world who suffer under energy ­­[email protected] poverty. Classified Ads...... 32 Hurricane Harvey and the Oil In Memory...... 33 Graphics Support Market: What are the implications of Ben McNett 10 having so much of the nation’s oil Director’s Corner...... 34 and gas infrastructure concentrated Advertising Coordinators Divisions Report (DPA)...... 34 Companies A-K in Houston? Mike Taylor Geology of a Storm: a look at what 1-918-630-5672 [email protected] 14 happened before, during and in the Approximately one billion aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. people in the world lack Companies L-Z According to a presenter at this Tracy Thompson access to electricity and other 1-918-560-9414 24 month’s International Conference and energy resources, which [email protected] Exhibition (ICE), offshore Somalia is experts hope to alleviate by one of the last remaining frontier 2030. This image from the continental margins for oil NASA-NOAA Suomi-NPP CORRESPONDENTS exploration. satellite shows many of those David Brown Energy and Opportunity: the energy-impoverished areas, Barry Friedman

Discovery Thinking Forum at this ON THE COVER: which are indistinguishable Ken Milam 25 year’s ICE is as much about future from unpopulated areas. opportunity as past successes.

The AAPG EXPLORER (ISSN 0195-2986) is published monthly for Members by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1444 S. Boulder Ave., P.O. Box 979, Tulsa, Okla. 74101-3604, 1-918-584-2555. email address: [email protected]. Periodicals Postage Paid at Tulsa, OK and at additional mailing offices.POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to AAPG EXPLORER, P.O. Box 979, Tulsa, Okla. 74101. Canada Publication Agreement Number 40063731. Return undeliverable Canadian address to: Station A, P.O. Box 54 • Windsor, ON N9A 6J5 • email: [email protected]. Advertising rates: Contact Mike Taylor or Tracy Thompson, AAPG headquarters. Subscriptions: Contact Brian McBroom, AAPG headquarters. Unsolicited manuscripts, photographs and videos must be accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope to ensure return. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) does not endorse or recommend any products or services that may be cited, used or discussed in AAPG publications or in presentations at events associated with AAPG. Copyright 2017 by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved. Note to Members: $6 of annual dues pays for one year’s subscription to the EXPLORER. Airmail service for Members: $55. Subscription rates for

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WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 3 EDITOR’S NOTE: Jack Swickard is a former editor and general manager of newspapers in Roswell, Farmington and Albuquerque, N.M. Energizing and Educating New Mexico’s Future Scientists By JACK SWICKARD

wo of New Mexico’s titans of education This year’s dinner raised $202,000, work in offices far from the state’s major of which $180,000 went to university Tuniversities. scholarships and student and teacher To most observers, they are employed in training, bringing the total raised at three oil and gas exploration and development. scholarship dinners over a nine-year period But to people in the know, Bill Owen and to $425,000. past AAPG President Edward K. “Eddie” This resulted in $375,000 going to David are extraordinarily successful, high- scholarships and training programs. dollar fundraisers for college scholarships Additionally, half the seats at the events and educational training. were donated to students and educators. David and Owen call on sponsors every David, who served as AAPG president four years to help fund a major scholarship in 1997-98, is president of David Petroleum dinner at the Roswell Convention and Civic Corp. of Roswell. Owen, a certified Past AAPG President Eddie David speaks at the latest fundraising dinner. Center. professional landman and 30-year member of the American Association of Professional Landmen, is vice president and exploration manager at David Petroleum. The scholarship dinners began almost as a fluke in 2008. David wanted to bring AAPG Honorary Member Lee C. Gerhard back to Roswell to speak about global climate change. Gerhard had started his geology career in Roswell and held the Getty Chair in geological engineering at Colorado State University in Fort Collins. Initially, the talk was planned as a presentation to the Roswell Geological Society, but it took off after David and Owen decided it should be an industry-wide event. So David invited Gerhard to talk at the Roswell Civic Center, which can accommodate a large audience. As far as David was concerned, it was to be a one-time presentation before an audience of industry people. However, he then decided to add the element of education. “It just made sense to make it all petroleum, which brought in Roswell and Artesia oil and gas operators and independents,” David said. “You throw in education and it’s staggering. “It was well-received,” David said, adding that 268 people attended the talk. That year, the dinner raised $57,000 for scholarships and training programs. Owen recalls David coming up with the scholarship concept while planning the Gerhard talk. “It was Eddie’s idea. He knew Dr. Gerhard, who is an expert on global climate change. It seemed like an idea that would appeal to the industry as a whole. When we started putting the event together, Eddie thought of doing one, big meeting. “Then Eddie started thinking of raising scholarship funds. That’s when it took hold, and was well received by the industry. A small committee, with Gerri Harrington as chairman, was formed and a date was set,” Owen said. “In our industry, we don’t do a very good job of educating the public about what goes on in the industry. We felt this would be something larger than a meeting within the industry.

Birth of an Institution

“To me, what was interesting, it was a one-time event in 2008,” Owen said. “We were thinking, ‘Let’s put this thing together and see how it works.’ It was never intended to be a repeating event. It took a lot of people. “One year went by, then two years went by. Four years later, Eddie said: ‘Remember the event we did in 2008?’”

See Spill, page 15 4 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Headline Here Subhead Here and Here BY AUTHOR NAME XXXXXYYYYZZZZ

WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 5 INTERNATIONAL THE NEXT 100 YEARS SPOTLIGHT The Next 100 Years: Combating Energy Poverty By DAVID BROWN, EXPLORER Correspondent

he biggest challenge for the energy industry in the next 100 years involves Tmore than just discovering where the resources are. It’s also about where they aren’t. Energy poverty affects populations around the world. According to a World Bank study released in April, more than a billion people have no access to electricity. Another 3 billion without access to fuel rely on dung, wood or other biomass for cooking and heating, resulting in indoor and outdoor air pollution that causes about 4.3 million deaths each year. The problem is “typically defined as a lack of access to modern energy services, but there are degrees of energy poverty,” said Kenneth Medlock III. Medlock is a fellow in energy and resource economics and senior director of the Center for Energy Studies at the Baker Some of the dark swathes indicate sparse populations, but others indicate energy impoverished populations. Image courtesy of NASA Earth Institute for Public Policy at Rice University Observatory/NOAA NGDC. in Houston. At the extremes, energy poverty can Most people in energy poverty live either electricity and other forms of energy to the u Supportive government involvement deprive communities of sanitation, of in sub-Saharan African or developing Asia, world’s most impoverished areas. heating and cooling systems, of safe and around 80 percent are in rural areas, “You get into discussions of rule of law, Infrastructure backbones allow the lighting, of accessible transportation, of the IEA reported. of institutional and regulatory frameworks, of build-out of laterals and extensions to bring water purification. “We’re not talking about something that’s the existence of markets,” Medlock noted. energy to wider areas, Medlock said. An “All of this together – especially the fixable in 10 years,” Medlock observed. “One model is to think about how it electricity backbone might be a grid or indoor air quality from burning biomass – is He described the energy poverty occurred in the developed world. What even a primary transmission line, a natural horrible for human health,” Medlock said. problem as “decadal,” in the sense that institutions were in place to attract capital gas backbone a main pipeline. In the global picture, energy poverty it will take decades – probably many into energy infrastructure? The developed The role of government should be to appears to be both concentrated and decades – to address the full scope of the world didn’t just jump into capital inflows facilitate energy development, to create widespread, immediate and extremely long- challenge. and infrastructure investment,” he said. and sustain an effective and non-limiting term in complexity. Medlock identified three basic regulatory environment, and to enforce the Nearly three-quarters of the global How to Get from Here to There requirements necessary for countries to rule of law. population without clean cooking facilities alleviate energy poverty: “You need infrastructure backbone, live in just ten countries, according to the With no quick-fix solution in sight, there’s u An energy infrastructure backbone International Energy Agency. plenty of debate about how to get fuel, u A proper regulatory environment See Progress, page 8

6 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Headline Here Subhead Here and Here BY AUTHOR NAME XXXXXYYYYZZZZ

WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 7 Total primary energy requirement by country. Data Sources: IEA, BIPP CES Oil demand by country.

Progress So Far brightened the picture with recent electrical connections to some 50 million rural Progress discoveries near under-served areas, households without electricity. from page 6 An infusion of foreign aid can help jump- especially in east Africa and in Pakistan and The outlook for alleviating energy poverty start energy development, but aid doesn’t other parts of Asia. varies around the world, according to the proper regulatory environment and replace the need for ongoing, substantive “At this point it really gets into educated Medlock. government involvement to ensure and successful investment in energy opinion-making. Kenya is a great example. “It depends on where you are. If you’re in adequate long-term investment,” Medlock services, according to Medlock. In Kenya they had a very specific goal of sub-Saharan Africa, it’s pretty bad,” he said. said. “Aid can’t ever be a crutch. Government eliminating energy poverty and bringing Severe economic poverty, often hand- “Once the backbone is in place, it has to say, ‘This aid is good. It helps us move electricity to 100 percent of the population,” in-glove with energy poverty, complicates should create demand pull as accessibility down the path, but it’s only a first step,’” he Medlock said. attempts at a solution. rises, and that’s a signal for more capital noted. By contrast, he described failed attempts That creates a dilemma where the poorest investment. That’s where you get a ‘virtuous Despite the challenge of funding, the at energy development in India. The large need access to energy to rise out of poverty, circle’ going,” he added. world has made some progress in alleviating segment of India’s population in need of but remain in energy poverty because of their Energy investment is key, and energy poverty in recent years access to electricity enticed investment in economic impoverishment. governments have a critical role in fostering The United Nations has set a goal of power build-out for the country, he said. But “Too often people will focus just on the right environment for capital inflows, universal access to electricity by 2030. The at the time, India lacked the governmental energy poverty, but to address that you need Medlock said. World Bank reported that an estimated 200 and regulatory systems that might have to focus on poverty in general,” Medlock “If you aren’t earning revenues million people in energy poverty gained facilitated development of extensive energy observed. from the delivery of energy, you aren’t access to energy services between 2010 infrastructure and brought power to poor “I tell my students, if you want to be earning a return on investment. This is and 2012, although such successes are rural areas. against something – if you want to stand important to attract capital and it requires tempered by the growth of global population. “If those institutions had been in place, up and be against something – be against institutions in place that allow for bill “The amount of people getting access to a lot of those people would have reliable poverty,” he said. collection. For this you need, at the end energy services is actually going up. This is electricity today,” Medlock said. When the focus shifts to addressing of the day, the ability to enforce the rule positive news,” Medlock noted. India’s government now has adopted a poverty, Medlock said, “everything else falls

of law,” he said. And the oil and gas industry has “Power for All” objective that aims to bring by the wayside.” EXPLORER

8 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Headline Here Subhead Here and Here BY AUTHOR NAME XXXXXYYYYZZZZ

WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 9 INTERNATIONAL SPOTLIGHT Harvey’s Reach Extends Far Beyond Houston By DAVID BROWN, EXPLORER Correspondent

hen Hurricane Harvey brought than 5.4 million barrels of crude oil per disastrous flooding to the U.S. day and accounted for 31 percent of total WGulf Coast, it threatened more U.S. refining capacity, the EIA said, with than Houston residential neighborhoods. 17 of those refineries on or near the Gulf A significant part of the nation’s Coast and vulnerable to storm disruption. energy infrastructure is located in and Harvey knocked out an estimated along the 29 Texas counties on or just 4.8 million barrels per day of distillation inland from the Gulf of Mexico, and a capacity, or 27 percent of the U.S. total. A network of production platforms and week later, around 2.9 million barrels per offshore pipelines stretches eastward day were still offline. from there to Louisiana and beyond. This huge complex of refining capacity Anything that threatens this crucial also has a major supply effect on the rest area will have consequences in of Texas and the mid-continent. Dallas- numerous states – and even other area fuel prices increased almost 70 cents countries. a gallon on average after Harvey’s landfall. “When you have a hurricane like Tulsa’s gasoline prices were 30-40 cents Harvey, and others we had a decade higher for weeks after the hurricane ago, it creates an impactful situation struck. in terms of gasoline supply, in meeting Overall, “the U.S. average regular retail distillates demand. The short answer gasoline price increased 28 cents per is, it had a significant impact,” said gallon, from $2.40/gal on Aug. 28, 2017 Sandeep Sayal, senior director in the “At the end of the day, to $2.68/gal on Sept. 4, 2017,” the EIA downstream group for IHS Markit in reported, reflecting the widespread effects Houston. all the world markets of Harvey’s disruption. With a disruptive major hurricane Two major interstate pipeline systems along the Gulf Coast, “the effect is going are impacted. It’s a originating on the Gulf Coast, the Colonial to be worldwide,” he observed. Pipeline and the Plantation Pipeline, are To understand the potential impact, global market.” critical to supplying gasoline and other consider a report prepared by ICF SAYAL fuels to the southwest and New England. International for the U.S. Energy The 5,500-mile-long Colonial Pipeline Information Agency (EIA). Supply Shift the largest movement of such products – the largest refined fuels pipeline in the “The Gulf Coast is the largest in the United States,” the report stated. United States – begins in Houston and petroleum refining region in the country, Because the region’s transportation fuel The five largest oil refineries in the United takes fuel supply to nine southeastern producing 7.5 million barrels per day of production is three times its consumption, States are on the Texas and Louisiana Gulf and mid-Atlantic states, then extends into transportation fuels in 2014, or nearly the Gulf Coast area is a major exporter of Coast, and the two largest refineries in the Pennsylvania and New Jersey, terminating half of total U.S. refinery production,” the gasoline, distillates and jet fuel. country are in the vicinity of Houston. near the New York Harbor area. report found. Movement of refined fuels between the As of last January, the 29 petroleum Gulf Coast and the East Coast “represents refineries in Texas had a capacity of more See European Market, page 12

10 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Headline Here Subhead Here and Here BY AUTHOR NAME XXXXXYYYYZZZZ

WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 11 “A lot more of the European cargoes on the Gulf Coast versus moving to European Market also got into the Florida market,” Sayal a different location like the Eastern from page 10 noted. Seaboard,” noted Michael Webber, deputy director of the Energy Institute at Many Eggs in One Basket the University of Texas at Austin. “Both the pipelines were impacted The EIA’s report following Hurricane by the hurricane, so the East Coast had “Designed to take advantage of the Harvey “illustrates very clearly the impact to depend more on imports from the region’s deepwater ports, the Texas Gulf that Harvey has had on the U.S. oil European refiners,” Sayal said. Coast’s 17 refineries and associated operations,” IHS Markit reported. For the European distillates market, infrastructure are heavily concentrated in Domestic production fell by 750,000 that meant higher gasoline prices and three logistics clusters along the Texas barrels per day, while consumption of much stronger refining margins, he noted. coastline, making them particularly crude dropped almost 3.3 million barrels “At the end of the day, all the world vulnerable to disruption from hurricanes, per day because refineries were forced to markets are impacted. It’s a global tropical storms and associated storm shut down. market,” Sayal said. “The impact was surge,” the ICF report said. For the first time in many years, the definitely felt across the board, from oil to Having so much downstream United States is a crude oil exporter and gasoline to LNG to chemicals.” infrastructure located on or near the those shipments also were disrupted by Fuel shipments from Gulf Coast ports Gulf Coast has both supply and security Harvey. move to Florida and other southeast ports implications for the U.S. “We were exporting about 1 million USGS scientist Tom Pistillo wades through on coastal compliant tankers and barges, “Over the long term, the energy barrels of crude a day before Harvey the waters of Barker Reservoir, a flood control and to markets primarily in the Atlantic sector will have to consider the costs of and I think the exports dropped down to structure in Houston. basin on foreign-flagged ships. additional hardening of the infrastructure 200,000 to 300,000 barrels a day,” Sayal said.

Lone Star Impact

Harvey brought unprecedented rainfall to parts of the Gulf Coast, where many areas received more than 40 inches of rain. In Texas, at least 82 people died, more than 1,000 homes were completely destroyed and another 17,000 sustained major damage. Operations at oil and gas company facilities in west Houston’s Energy Corridor and other parts of the city were disrupted by the hurricane. ConocoPhillips’ Houston main campus was closed for almost two weeks, until Sept. 11, and its Energy Center 3 remained closed due to high water. Hurricanes that strike Texas bring a direct threat to the nation’s oil and gas production capacity as well as its refining operations. According to the latest data from the EIA, Texas ranks first in the nation in the production of crude oil, natural gas and electricity. It leads all states in total proved oil reserves, with recent gains coming mostly from the Eagle Ford shale play and tight formations in the Permian Basin. Last year, Texas produced about 1.156 billion barrels of crude oil and condensate, or just under 3.167 million barrels per day, the Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC) reported. The state’s annual natural gas production was about 8.169 trillion cubic feet. With so much downstream, midstream and upstream infrastructure in place, the Gulf Coast region has become a key storage area for crude oil and petroleum products. As of March, 49 percent of total U.S. working crude oil storage capacity and more than 40 percent of working storage capacity for both motor gasoline and diesel fuel were located in the Gulf Coast, the EIA reported. Petrochemical infrastructure in the U.S. also is concentrated along the Gulf Coast, and operations at more than a dozen petrochemical plants were disrupted and then curtailed by Harvey. According to the American Chemistry Council, about $85 billion worth of petrochemical projects have begun or been completed across the country since 2010, nearly all of them in the Gulf Coast region, where significant additional investment is planned. Half of the nation’s natural gas processing capacity is located in Gulf Coast states, according to the EIA. Texas alone has 166 gas processing plants with a total of 21 billion cubic feet per day of

processing capacity. EXPLORER 12 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 13 Geology of a Storm Before, during and after Hurricane Harvey By KEN MILAM, EXPLORER Correspondent

s hurricanes Harvey and Irma laid Anton Caputo. waste to huge swaths of Texas, This work was scheduled for AFlorida and other states in the September. University of Texas southeastern United States, geologists researchers previously surveyed these were swept up in a whirlwind of research areas in 2009, Caputo said. before, during and after the storms. “As geologists, we are highly U.S. Geological Survey hurricane interested in understanding how a response crews worked as the storms storm impacts the sediments, and thus approached to install storm-tide sensors foundation, of the coastal zone, said at key locations. Jeff Goff, senior research scientist at the Housed in vented steel pipes a few institute. inches wide and about a foot long, the “Most particularly, we are concerned sensors are installed on bridges, piers with how storms either remove or add and other structures that have a good sand to the barrier island system, and chance of surviving a storm surge during thus affect such island’s long-term a major tropical storm. The information viability for supporting communities and they collect helps define the depth protecting the estuarine ecosystem. and duration of a storm-surge, as well Sand can potentially be eroded from as the time of its arrival and retreat. the shoreface and then transported into That information helps public officials the bays by storm surge, or sent out to assess storm damage, discern between sea on the ebb of the surge. In either wind and flood damage, and improve case, substantial volumes of sand may computer models used to forecast future Chris Milliner of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory tweeted this map showing that the Earth’s crust be removed from the barrier islands by floods, according to the USGS. in the Houston area was pushed down roughly two centimeters from the weight of the rainfall. storms, negatively impacting the coastal In the case of Harvey, five crews zone unless sand is replenished by either from the USGS Texas Water Science scientific data from the instruments marine geophysical instrumentation and natural or artificial means,” Goff said. Center were deployed to install immediately after the storm has passed, collect sediment samples. “From post-storm imagery, we can scientific instruments in advance of the which will provide critical information “Researchers believe that these see in some areas where the storm storm, according to Lynne Fahlquist, a needed for accurate flood forecasting. locations have been subjected to moved sand from the shoreface, over the hydrologist with the center. substantial and measurable erosion barrier island and toward the bay. Farther Some of the equipment will measure Erosion Effects and sediment transport associated with south, however, particularly around the height and intensity of the storm the storm surge and its ebb, and that Port Aransas, San Jose Island and surge while other instruments, such After the storm, researchers at investigating these locations will provide Matagorda Island, we see more evidence as streamgages, will monitor real-time the University of Texas Institute for valuable insights into the impact of that water flowed seaward, eroding the water levels of inland rivers and streams, Geophysics, prepared to resurvey Lydia storm surges on barrier and estuarine Fahlquist said. The field crews gather Ann Channel and Aransas Pass with systems,” said Institute spokesman See Survey, page 16

14 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Spill President Let’s Get Networking the Mercury NASA astronaut generation. from page 4 Shaking Scott’s hand was a special from page 3 Fall meeting season kicks off right now moment for me. With a twinkle in his eye, That was the cue for David and Owen for AAPG Sections and Regions. I’d like to he told me about shaking President John to begin work on their next big scholarship this energy revolution has profoundly ask everyone to think of the value of AAPG F. Kennedy’s hand. For some reason I dinner, inviting W.C. “Rusty” Riese, a improved the U.S. economy, created jobs in facilitating the opportunity for us to meet think about that often. I shook past AAPG Distinguished Ethics Lecturer for AAPG and and benefitted the environment. interesting and inspiring people. Please President Michel T. Halbouty’s hand many Honorary Member, to speak about the BP The Permian and Gulf Coast basins tell me about someone you met and shook times. I often wonder about connections oil spill. are prototype super basins with more than hands with that made an impact. between Halbouty and past explorers? Riese, at the time an adjunct professor 5 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BBOE) Back in 2011, during the Houston ACE, Patillo Higgins, Glen McCarthy, Dad Joiner, and lecturer at Rice University and an produced, 5 BBOE future reserves, Steve Levine asked me to moderate the AAPG’s founders? adjunct professor at the University of New multiple source rocks, many pays, “Taking Geoscience to Greater Heights” What’s your story? I am interested and Mexico, was a good fit for the Roswell infrastructure and well established service All Convention Luncheon (aapg.to/ would like to know. Send me an email at dinner. He had received his bachelor’s in sectors. The top 25 “super basins” around ace2011vidacl). That was a wonderful [email protected], or come tell me geology from New Mexico Tech, and his the globe have potential energy resources program of several generations of at one of AAPG’s many fine upcoming master’s and doctoral degrees in geology of more than 800 BBOE, according to astronauts, including Apollo moonwalker meetings. from the University of New Mexico. data provided by Bob Fryklund and Pete and AAPG Honorary Member Jack Schmitt Furthermore, Riese had served as a Stark of IHS Markit. Choices made by host and space shuttle veteran Jim Reilly. I consulting geologist for BP. countries of super basins will play a key expect a few of you reading this were there A committee was established. James C. role in future energy prosperity. with me. Scott Carpenter represented Manatt, president of Providence Technology in Roswell, was elected dinner chair. Besides addressing a dinner audience at the Roswell Convention and Civic Center, Riese spoke at student workshops throughout Roswell and Artesia. He ended up speaking to more than 3,000 students, teachers and members of the public at eight events over two and a half days, Owen said. The 2012 dinner raised $141,000, of which $105,000 was earmarked for scholarships and training programs. That year, 467 people attended the dinner. The Desk and Derrick Club of Roswell, the Roswell Geological Society and the New Mexico Landmen’s Association were designated hosts for the event. Each of the three organizations was given $21,000 to provide college scholarships. Additionally, the National Energy Education Development (NEED) program and the Citizens’ Alliance for Responsible Energy each received $21,000 for educating students and teachers. Three years later, David and Owen began thinking about putting together a third scholarship dinner. David knew the first thing he needed to do was recruit “a good speaker. Not just a knowledgeable speaker, but someone who is interesting.” The speaker who fit this description was Allen Gilmer, CEO of Drillinginfo Inc., an energy exploration data analytics company serving more than 3,200 firms worldwide from its Austin, Texas, headquarters. David knew he had a good fit with the southeastern New Mexico oil and gas industry. “The industry here is very generous,” he explained. “When you get to Roswell and Artesia, you’re working with people whose handshake is their word. People in the industry are good citizens.” Robert G. Armstrong, president of Armstrong Energy Corp. in Roswell, was named chairman of the April 20, 2017, dinner. The dinner – dubbed “State Trust Lands: Energizing New Mexico” – was dedicated to the State Land Office, which manages lands granted by Congress to New Mexico in 1898 and 1910 as a means of generating revenue to support public schools, universities, hospitals and other institutions. The State Land Office holds these lands in trust. Revenues from these lands go into the New Mexico Permanent Fund, which supports education in New Mexico. Approximately 94 percent of the Permanent Fund comes from oil and gas production. Armstrong said the theme “emphasized the importance of the oil and gas industry to the State of New Mexico in funding education at all levels through the State Permanent Fund.

See Education, page 16 WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 15 Survey from page 14

beach foredunes in the process. We hypothesize that, in these areas, either that the ebb of the surge, or wind-driving of bay waters out to sea on the back side of the storm, caused significant seaward transport of coastal sediments. Our upcoming survey around Port Aransas is intended to search for submarine evidence of these processes,” he said. “We found one important time line for geologic impact in the Port Aransas tide station. It indicated a slow buildup, over about 24 hours, of water height to about five feet above normal, but then a very rapid loss of nearly that entire amount over a span of just three hours. This asymmetric record shows that the seaward-directed flow was far stronger than the landward-directed flow, and thus a basis for predicting a net loss of sediment out to sea,” he said. “While geography probably plays a larger role than geology in determining where the worst flooding is likely, information like sediment grain size distribution and identification of areas with dunes capable of protecting a stretch of coastline could potentially be coupled with surge models to predict sediment transport in a storm,” Goff added. “Areas with significant dune systems whether manmade or natural can provide natural barriers to storm surge and thus mitigate flooding,” according to Sean Gulick, a research professor with the institute. The regional geology in the Houston USGS scientist Charles Hartmann installs a area comprises thick, rich surface soil storm-tide sensor in preparation for inter-bedded with clay and fine-grained Hurricane Harvey in Carancahua Bay, silt. As a low-lying city with minimal Texas. Photo by George Umphres, USGS. topography, the geology of Houston is not conducive to immediate recharge into the Earth’s crust. aquifers underlying the region. Therefore, However, Mother Earth will bounce in a storm in which 35 inches of rain fell in back. just over 48 hours, most of the rain could “Any additional load on a section of not be absorbed, explained Fahlquist. crust requires an accommodation by that crust. However, if the load is only ‘Heavy’ Storm temporary, as is the case in a flood, then the accommodation (in this case The enormity of the Texas flooding was downward) is also only temporary,” evidenced in a Labor Day tweet by Chris Gulick said. Milliner of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. USGS scientists responding to It was a map visualizing data from the Hurricane Harvey include hydrologists, Nevada Geodetic Laboratory. It showed geologists, hydrologic technicians, that GPS data from special stations computer scientists, geographers, around Houston detected that the whole physical scientists and more, Fahliquist area had been pushed down roughly two said. centimeters by the weight of the water that Geoscientists from the Institute for fell during Hurricane Harvey, which – by Geophysics taking part in the storm estimates of as much as 33 trillion gallons assessment included those in the areas of of rainfall at 8.34 pounds each – was more sedimentology, geomorphology, coastal

than 137 billion tons, which deformed the processes, ocean modelers and more. EXPLORER

Student Chapters from New Mexico Tech, Education New Mexico State University, Texas Tech from page 15 University and University of Texas at El Paso. “The Permanent Fund currently exceeds $15 billion and it is estimated that in fiscal The Roswell Model year 2017 the Fund will pay approximately $688 million to the beneficiaries. The David has some rules for implementing beneficiaries include New Mexico public what he terms the “Roswell model.” schools and eight universities, and several “The first step is to seek, identify and other public-related organizations.” secure a messenger who not only has the Nearly 600 attended, setting a record for credentials and reputation to effectively diners at the Roswell Convention and Civic speak before our petroleum industry’s Center. They included New Mexico oil and ‘choir,’ but also has the ability to easily and gas professionals, high school students and clearly communicate our theme message to teachers as special guests, representatives the majority of an audience who are outside of institutions that benefit from State Land of the ‘choir.’ Office income, and members of the public. “The selection of an outstanding speaker Additional attendees included AAPG is of the utmost importance to the success

President Paul Britt and members of AAPG of a meaningful event.” EXPLORER

16 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Headline Here Subhead Here and Here BY AUTHOR NAME XXXXXYYYYZZZZ

WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 17 18 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 Headline Here Subhead Here and Here BY AUTHOR NAME XXXXXYYYYZZZZ

OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 19 Historical Highlights is an ongoing EXPLORER series that celebrates the “eureka” moments of petroleum geology, the rise of key concepts, the discoveries that made a difference, the perseverance and ingenuity of our colleagues – and/or their luck! – through stories that emphasize the anecdotes, the good yarns and the human interest side of our E&P profession. If you have such a story – and who doesn’t? – and you’d like to share it with your fellow AAPG Members, contact Hans Krause at [email protected]. HISTORICALHIGHLIGHTS

Left: Esther Richards in the field in 1923 near Meridian, Miss. She is wearing her “puffy panties” and high leather boots, a novelty for females in the deep South. Photos by Patty Kellogg, Esther’s granddaughter. Right: Esther and Alva organized many field trips to collect samples, believing surface work was necessary to understand the subsurface. From left: Esther Richards, John Suman, James L. Ballard, Alva Ellisor and colleagues (likely William A. Baker and W. F. Bowman) at Hidalgo Bluff near the Brazos River Bottom. Three Women, One Breakthrough Unsung heroines who transformed oil exploration By ROBBIE RICE GRIES

hat do you think was the first did understand their role when Robbie Gries is a member privatized its oil lands, he turned his focus profound, wide-reaching, in 1924 he wrote, “the ladies of the History of Petroleum back to Gulf Coast exploration. He was Weconomically effectual have it” a year before their Geology Committee and convinced that the key to working out technological breakthrough in petroleum seminal paper was published. recently published “Anomalies – the chaotic Tertiary stratigraphy of the geology? He commented that they Pioneering Women in Petroleum Gulf Coast was paleontology. But, it was Was it the anticlinal theory? had not only identified the Geology: 1917-2017.” She is macropaleontology that he had in mind. No, though debated for over 40 years, short ranges of foraminifera a past AAPG president and is The conventional wisdom of the day among it was not embraced until the 19-teens and more distinct species president-elect of the Geological micropaleontologists was that single- and ‘20s, and even then, it was still not characteristics, but were Society of America. celled animals, such as foraminifera, could universally applied or viable. identifying and applying GRIES not possibly have the short life span or Was it surface mapping? important foraminiferal faunal the physiological complexities required Recognized as important in the early assemblages that were critical for detailed with broken pieces of macrofossils found in for effective and detailed stratigraphic 1900s, it was slow to be accepted and biostratigraphy. well cuttings. correlations. was of no use in complex stratigraphic and To really appreciate the monumental Between 1918 and 1919, Dumble structural subsurface environments such as impact of their work, it is incumbent upon Will a Woman Do? put together a consortium in Houston, the Gulf Coast. today’s exploration geologist to use his or consisting of his own Rio Bravo, The The first major breakthrough was her imagination and place himself back The story of these female paleontologists Texas Company, Humble Oil Company foraminiferal micropaleontology – made by into the pre-foraminifera days and try to story begins with E. T. Dumble, former head and Gulf Oil Company, all of whom three young “girls” in 1921, which, within delineate the stratigraphy of a complex salt of the Bureau of Economic Geology in Texas agreed to hire a paleontologist to work three years, created oil industry jobs for dome area or the coastal down-warping and, in the early 1900s, the vice president on macropaleontologic solutions to the 300 micropaleontologists and gave rise to and highly faulted Gulf basin margin, or and general manager for Southern Pacific troubling Gulf Coast stratigraphy. While micropaleontology courses in 31 geology even the midcontinent mountain-front Company and its subsidiary Rio Bravo Oil in San Francisco he called the geology departments. stratigraphy in Oklahoma – imagine working Company. Their large task was to supply department at the University of California And, it profoundly affected the without the benefit of any well logs! And, the Southern Pacific railroad with fuel oil, at Berkeley and asked Bruce L. Clark to economics of drilling, as 75 percent of all continue to imagine exploring without the as they had recently converted from coal- recommend a man for the paleontology job. wells drilled and completed in the United benefit of any seismic! fired engines. By 1915, Dumble had hired According to Esther’s autobiography, States came to rely on micropaleontology. The only tools the subsurface exploration and trained the largest petroleum geology Clark said, “I don’t have a man, will a But, fewer than 20 years after this geologists had were lithologic data and, department in the world. woman do?” breakthrough, when famous paleontologist at that time, this was poorly collected, Much of his work was done from Dumble, to his credit, said, “I don’t see Cary Croneis of the University of Chicago erratically prepared, and under-utilized. their San Francisco office, and the rest why a woman couldn’t do it better.” gave his presidential speech to the More sophisticated stratigraphers in their Houston office for the Texas and Dumble enlisted graduate student Society of Economic Paleontologists sometimes combined the lithologic data Louisiana Gulf Coast. When California Esther English Richards to come to Texas and Mineralogists (now the Society for in the summer of 1919 to work for him, not Sedimentary Geology, but still abbreviated letting her know that this was a “test” for “SEPM”) on the history of micropaleontology her permanent hiring as the consortium’s in 1941, he downplayed their role and over- paleontologist. She passed the test and emphasized the role of his male colleagues. returned with her master’s degree a year By the time my mentor and hero, Edgar later to set up the paleontology lab at Rio Owen, wrote the “Trek of the Oil Finders” Bravo, starting on Labor Day in 1920. in 1975, his discussion of foraminiferal A month later, much to both Dumble discoveries ignored the women’s role and Richards’ amazement, Wallace Pratt entirely and he gave praise to the “men hired Alva Ellisor from the University of whose influence was most pervasive Texas at Austin to set up a lab for Humble in its adoption – J. A. Udden, Edwin T. Oil. However, Pratt assured Dumble that Dumble, Joseph A. Cushman, and Jesse J. Humble would stay in the consortium Galloway.” and would encourage the women to work These four men had themselves failed to together – which worked out greatly, as the identify foraminifera as the clue to detailed two soon found an apartment together in biostratigraphy and were only convinced by downtown Houston off Main Street. scientific work done by the women. Yet, the Both women came to realize that men were given the credit. All four men were macrofossils were just not going to work deceased by 1975, but I imagine at least for detailed stratigraphy – the samples some would have had the decency to roll were broken and poorly preserved in cable over in their graves. Hedwig Kniker, Esther Richards and Alva Ellisor in 1927 Charles Schuchert, a Yale paleontologist, Continued on next page 20 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Typical laboratory attire for the pre-air-conditioned laboratory in the 1920s (per Shell Oil retiree, Ed Picou). From left: Kniker, Richards and Ellisor.

Continued from previous page to pursue it!” they said. Apparently, Pratt was so excited, he tool wells, and were even more thoroughly couldn’t keep the news to himself, plus, destroyed with the new rotary drilling collaboration was probably obligatory under technology. the consortium’s agreement. Applying new sample-washing “Dr. Dumble wanted to spread the techniques learned from J. A. Udden at the news that (simple-unicellular forms … were Bureau of Economic Geology, they began supposed to live on, unchanged, through recording and comparing their observations many geologic time periods) and that these on the microfossil assemblages. In the simple organisms did change as rapidly in meantime, the Texas Company, under the time as their more organically complicated management of Raymond Baker, hired macro-fossil relatives,” said Richards. another UT graduate, Hedwig Kniker, He immediately wrote a paper, “Recent to set up a paleontology lab for them in Geological Work in the Gulf Coast Oil- Houston – but also agreed that the women Fields” in December 1921 and, interestingly, would collaborate. Kniker moved into the he listed himself as the only author, but downtown apartment with Richards and sent Richards, accompanied by Ellisor, to Ellisor. It was a collegial arrangement and Amherst, Mass. to present the material at Richards later wrote that they often talked the Geological Society of America, where long into the night about their work. They he knew many micropaleontologists would sometimes went to Ellisor’s mother’s home be in attendance. Richards delivered the in Galveston on weekends or entertained talk: five pages, double-spaced and never other geologists with dinner parties in their published, but Richards’ granddaughter, apartment. Patty Kellogg of Gloucester, Va., has preserved a copy of it. Exciting News When the very nervous young Richards finished delivering the presentation, Jesse Ellisor is credited with the first J. Galloway, a professor at Columbia breakthrough, in 1921, though Richards University stood and said, “Gentlemen, here says she was working on the same is this chit of a girl right out of college, telling samples and ideas when it was us that we can use foraminifera to determine announced. Anyway, the story is that Ellisor the age of formation. Gentlemen, you know showed Wallace Pratt what she could do it can’t be done.” using Tertiary foraminifera for well-to-well Undaunted by this criticism, Richards correlations. He was so excited, he at first and Ellisor, with Rio Bravo’s and Humble’s told her not to share this information with encouragement, lingered through the anyone! He thought they could use this Christmas holiday on the East Coast to meet to Humble’s advantage. However, by the and talk with other leading paleontologists, time Ellisor got back to the apartment that including J. A. Cushman at Columbia very night, Richards and Kniker greeted and William H. Dall of the U.S. Geological her with congratulations: “Wow … we Survey. And, significantly, they also met hear Pratt loves the use of forams for stratigraphy and we all have the go-ahead See Published, page 27

Alva Ellisor preparing foraminifera for her microscopic work and identification, 1946, the year before she retired. Photo by F. W. Rolshausen and R. D. Woods of The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin.

WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 21 The Geophysical Corner is a regular column in the EXPLORER, edited by Satinder Chopra, chief geophysicist for Arcis Seismic Solutions, TGS, Calgary, Canada, and a past AAPG-SEG Joint Distinguished Lecturer. GEOPHYSICALCORNER Target-Oriented Parameters for Curvature Attributes Computation By LEE HUNT, BAHAA BESHRY, SATINDER CHOPRA and COLE WEBSTER

urvature has long been used by geologists to predict the density Cof natural fractures from outcrop. Sand box experiments show that correlations between curvature and strain can be significant, which is supportive of the curvature-strain-natural fractures supposition inherent in the use of curvature to predict natural fractures. Seismic horizon-based curvature estimates have been shown to be potentially effective in the same manner as that of geologic map approaches. This was followed by volumetric seismic curvature, which has largely replaced horizon-based curvature estimates perhaps due to the elimination of picking a horizon in data not well suited to horizon picking, or not having a pickable horizon in our zone of interest. The first author and others have found statistically significant correlations between Figure 1. Maps depicting the key elements of the case study. (a) A 3-D perspective view of wells 0, A, B, and C. Well B has an image log estimate volumetric most- of fracture density. The fracture density is displayed as rings whose size is linearly proportional to density. Well 0 and Well A both encountered positive curvature and numerous open fractures, suffered uncontrolled losses of drilling mud and were abandoned due to related operational concerns. Well C had no natural fracture density discernable operational issues, although some fracture infill material was reported by the wellsite team. (b) A time structure map of the Falher F indicated from high- for a portion of the study area. The two seismic lines to be used in the line analysis are shown as the white straight lines. (c) The southernmost resolution image log of the two indicated seismic lines. The toe of Well A is indicated by an arrow, and coincides with a structural feature. All seismic data images are arbitrarily cut and rotated, with exact scales hidden, to protect the confidential nature of the data. The same color bar is used for all the images. data along horizontal CHOPRA wells. One of the methods of computing seismic volumetric operational failure of wells 0 and A suggest the high fracture density area of Well B, to order derivatives are estimated from a curvature attribute involves Fourier filtering, that a high density of fractures must exist the toe of Well A. The lateral length of Well cuboid of data (xyz) for volumes. Different and has gained widespread acceptance. near the end of those wellbores. Well B B is just over 1,500 meters. Exact scales curvature measures are then computed There are other methods for generation has image log fracture density data, which and the direction of North are not given to from the coefficients of the quadratic and filtering of curvature that are available is displayed in figure 1a. Figure 1b shows protect the confidentiality of the data. surface or second-order derivative in our industry. We examine the impact of a larger area around the wells with two measures. For a more detailed description specific curvature parameter selection- an evaluation lines displayed in white. The Method of how surface and volumetric curvature interpreter level detail rarely discussed in lower seismic line is depicted in figure 1c. attributes are estimated from seismic the literature- on fracture density prediction. A reasonable but uncertain interpretation of While an interpreter defines surface data, please see the Geophysical Corner The Falher F tight sandstone of the the events from these wells is that a trend patches of a given size (xy) and columns in the November and December deep basin in Alberta, Canada, is gas of high density fractures exists in a curve appropriate software algorithms then fit with 2007 issues of the Explorer. charged, deeply buried at about 3,200 or line going from the toe of Well 0, past a mathematical quadratic surface, second- As the most-positive and most-negative meters true vertical depth, and over- curvature attributes are found to be the pressured with gradients of about 14.5 easiest measure to visually correlate to kilopascals per meter. The net horizontal the features of geologic interest, a series stress in the Falher F is quite low, which of most-positive curvature were created makes the drilling mud window narrow. on structure-oriented filtered seismic data. Compounding this operational challenge is The estimates of most-positive curvature the fact that the sand has abundant natural using different methods varied by their fractures, which can lead to mud losses or parameters and are described by: gas kicks depending on the management of the mud weight. Either the loss of too u Whether the estimates are based on much mud or the uncontrolled production horizon or volumetric estimation methods. of too much gas can lead to catastrophic u The size of the cuboid that is used operational failure in this over-pressured in the initial estimate of the derivatives system. (x and y-size are in traces, z-size is in milliseconds). Case Study u The type of filtering applied to the curvature values, which is workflow We assessed the best curvature dependent. This refers to unfiltered parameterization as being the one in curvature estimates, Gaussian filtering or which the hazard presented by the natural Fourier filtering. fractures was most clearly interpreted from map and line views, and had the The estimates of the most-positive highest correlation to fracture density. We curvature were derived from four separate argue that the interpretive objective, or industrially offered applications. The target, should generally be given primary Gaussian size is given only by two consideration when choosing curvature Figure 2: Most-positive curvature attribute estimates at the Falher F surface. Image log fracture numbers, the first defining a proxy for parameters. Our study area is depicted density data along Well B are shown as discs proportional in size to the fracture density. the x and y size, and the second number in figure 1, and has four horizontal wells, (a) The 9x9 horizon based method has artefacts (shown enclosed in a circle) which are the defining the z size. Qualitative comparisons depicted as wells 0, A, B, and C. Well 0 dominant feature of the image. The expected arcuate feature connecting the toes of Well 0, Well were made based on the map interpretation and Well A both encountered numerous A, and the high fracture densities from Well B is shown with a black dashed curve on images of curvature and the two lines described in open fractures, suffered uncontrolled (b) to (d). (b) The 9x9x98ms, unfiltered volumetric method appears reasonable. Shorter time figure 1. Quantitative evaluation of curvature losses of drilling mud and were abandoned windows appeared unstable and were more difficult to interpret. (c) The 2x9 Gaussian filtered was made by linear regression with the due to related operational concerns. Well volumetric method is not materially dissimilar to the unfiltered result. The Gaussian size has upscaled fracture density from the image C had no discernable operational issues, a complex definition. (d) The 5x5x22ms Fourier filtered with an alpha value of 0.2 has better log of the 1,500-meter long lateral of Well B. although some fracture infill material preservation of curved features in map view, which may be implementation related. was reported by the wellsite team. The Continued on next page 22 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Figure 3. Selected results. (a) Gamma Ray log, upscaled fracture density from image log data, and most positive curvature with Fourier filtering and an alpha value of 0.8 for the horizontal length of Well B. (b) A results summary with a roll-up of the correlations to fracture density as well as the qualitative line and map based evaluations. Correlation coefficients passing the 1 percent p-test for significance are colored dark yellow.

Continued from previous page time (z) windows gave poor results. The Gaussian filtered volumetric result is shown Results in figure 2c, and is considered good. The Fourier filtered result (with a fractional index Only a small subset of the results is shown parameter alpha=0.2) is shown in figure 2d, in this article though the comparison was and is considered excellent, especially in its carried out on both vertical lines as well as preservation of curved features. horizontal displays from the attribute volumes. Linear regression was performed Figure 2 depicts a subset of the map between the most-positive curvature maps comparisons. The image log fracture and the fracture densities from the image density as shown along the lateral of Well log along the lateral of Well B. Figure 3 B along with the position of the toe of Wells shows the log comparison, the correlation 0 and Well A are important considerations coefficients, and rolls up the overall in this figure, as interpretability was based evaluation of the parameter test. Figure on the expected arcuate or linear curvature 3a shows the correlations of curvature feature connecting the toes of Well 0, Well and fracture density in a log format. The A, and the high fracture densities from Well entire set of results is summarized in figure B. All the results, except for the horizon- 3b. The Fourier filtered results were the based one, show the expected high most- most robust to parameterization and were positive curvature trend, although some stable at small cuboid sizes. The Gaussian details change in the complexity of the filtered results seemed decent for all but trend. The horizon based map of Figure 2a the smallest and largest parameters tested. was considered poor as it was dominated The unfiltered volumetric approach required by pick-based artefacts (enclosed in a large time windows, which was concerning circle). The main arcuate feature mentioned to the localization of the interpretation for above is shown in black dashed curve fractures. The horizon-based method and overlaid on the images in (b) to suffered from pick based artefacts in most (d). The unfiltered 9x9x98 milliseconds comparisons. volumetric result of figure 2b appears quite interpretable on map view, although smaller See Filtering, page 27

Lee Hunt was the 2011/2012 Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists Distinguished Lecturer, and was one of the founding members of the CSEG Value of Integrated Geophysics (VIG) steering HUNT BESHRY WEBSTER committee. He has drilled over 350 wells in most of the some of his work includes drilling and play types within the Western Canadian geo-steering of 25 horizontal wells. Sedimentary Basin. His work has His work focuses on depth and geo- won several awards and distinctions. hazard predictions, AVO analysis, 3-D He is an Ironman triathlete, and an curvature, VVAz, and the prediction enthusiastic sport rock climber. of lithology, porosity, using geological parameters. Bahaa Beshry graduated from the University of Calgary in 2007, with Cole Webster graduated from the a bachelor’s in geophysics. Upon University of Saskatchewan with a graduation, he began a full time career bachelor’s (honours) in geological with Encana Corporation, 2017/---where science in 2005. He began his career he worked several different assets at Encana and spent nine years there including the Deep Basin Alberta and before moving to Jupiter Resources Northeast British Columbia. Over the where he has worked the last three last two years Beshry has been with years. Webster is currently senior Jupiter Resources where he’s continued geologist at Jupiter with a focus on working in the deep basin of Alberta – development in the Resthaven area.

WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 23 INTERNATIONAL SPOTLIGHT Exploring ‘the Last Frontier’ of Offshore Somalia By BARRY FRIEDMAN, EXPLORER Correspondent

ne of the important goals of this year’s investment and help the Somali government AAPG International Conference “Exploration in frontier basins is a maximize the opportunity available. Oand Exhibition (ICE) in London is for “This is best achieved with such a industry leaders and professionals leading challenge at the best of times, but collaboration that merges the best and the various short courses and field trips to most recent academic insights with introduce members, young professionals this is increased where there have world-class industry data and industry and students to the new geologic potential been very little documented studies insight,” said Paton. around the world. “These data provide an unrivaled In the “Identifying the Play” seminar, with even fundamental questions” insight into evolution of the crustal possibilities in the East Shetland Platform, PATON geometry and basin development on this the UK’s Rockall Trough, Morocco, North margin that has far-reaching implications Falkland Basin and Senegal will all be Land of Challenge and Opportunity be “collaborative” and include “people with on plate reconstructions and conjugate discussed. many years experience in exploration and areas,” he added. As will one other place you might not From approximately 1950 to the mid prospect generation, academics, but also Paton said that the possibilities of the expect. ‘80s, most of the exploration in Somalia had PhDs and other graduate students, and the offshore Indian Ocean margin of Somalia Somalia. been onshore, Paton said, and “only two Ministry in Somalia.” represent one of the final truly frontier Cobbled together in 1960, when exploration wells have been drilled in the Although the current focus is on the margins globally, for little is known about both British and Italian Somaliland were entire offshore region.” forthcoming license round of the process, either its tectonic evolution or basin- granted independence, the country, not Exploration stopped for many reasons Paton anticipates the project will form structure configuration. surprisingly, has been engulfed in almost – the civil wars mostly – when all licensed between the Somalia government and the “To date this has severely impeded constant civil war. It carries with it the acreage was declared under force majeure. country’s universities. hydrocarbon exploration in the mid-shelf scars and death of such strife, especially Up until a few years back, Somalia remained And it is the future about which Paton is and deepwater areas of the more than since the 1980s. The country, as it turns inaccessible and many of the country’s particularly excited, citing the books and lab 1,500-kilometer long margin. Recently out, is also a place of unrealized, yet geological and geophysical data were either equipment that have already been sourced acquired long offset 2-D reflection data substantial resources, and that’s what will lost or destroyed. Since 2012, however, and donated to help establish geoscience by Spectrum has revolutionized our be discussed. as the country slowly achieved something graduates within the country. understanding of the margin architecture Douglas Paton, who is chair in resembling stability, a willingness to re-invest in Paton is under no illusions, however. which has significantly de-risked future structural geology and basin analysis the region has emerged, starting, Paton said, “Exploration in frontier basins is a exploration,” he explained. at the University of Leeds, wants to with two regional 2-D seismic surveys offshore. challenge at the best of times, but this is Ultimately, said Paton of Somalia, what reintroduce Somalia to professional “We anticipate the imminent increased where there have been very little will come of such exploration, as well as a geologists. To that end, he will be offering announcement of a new offshore licensing documented studies with even fundamental forthcoming report on exploration prospects, a short course called “Somalia: The Last round,” he added, alluding to two surveys: questions such as the nature of the crust are “new views on the process of crustal Remaining Exploration Frontier,” as part one completed in 2014, the other in 2016. being uncertain,” he said. stretching, interaction of transform margins of the “Identifying the Play” technical A current project, which will be discussed and volcanism which will have far-reaching program. in the course, is a joint effort amongst Basin Cracking the Margin Mysteries implications of these processes on other “Offshore Somalia,” he said, “is one of Structure Group, Paton’s research group margins and which lead to a suite of co- the last remaining truly frontier continental within the University of Leeds, Spectrum and He said the goal, then, is to increase the authored publications in both the industry

margins for hydrocarbon exploration.” the Somali government. Paton said it will understanding, de-risk future exploration and academic literature.” EXPLORER

24 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG INTERNATIONAL SPOTLIGHT Energy and Opportunity Discovery Thinking Forum, ICE 2017 By BARRY FRIEDMAN, EXPLORER Correspondent

APG President Charles Sternbach likes curse, as there is an oversupply of oil, which to quote the late Marlan Downey, a past he does not think will decrease in the next AAAPG president, about the secrets to a three to five years. successful career in the profession. “Go where the energy is.” The New Force of Independents And in London, during the Discovering Thinking seminar at this year’s International The way Weimar, who is director of the Conference and Exhibition (ICE), Sternbach, Energy and Minerals Applied Research Center along with others, will revisit the world’s most (EMARC), sees it, there are really three global petroliferous basins with new technology. industries today. And showing where that energy is. “One focuses on conventional “Fundamental to AAPG energy-relevant accumulations onshore and in the offshore content strategy,” said Sternbach, “are plans shelf regions; the second industry focuses for publications and programs on super basins. on deepwater; and the third, which is limited These are infrastructure-rich basins that keep primarily to the U.S. and Canada, focuses on on giving.” the development of unconventional reservoirs,” As an integral part of the seminar, Paul he explained. Weimer, another past AAPG president and And while there are some limitations on the Bruce D. Benson endowed chair at the unconventional resources – and Weimer Department of Geological Sciences of the said Argentina is the most obvious example University of Colorado, will teach a short – he thinks the potential for development course on the very notion of what comes next – of unconventional plays is high in many specifically, what’s out there to be discovered. countries. The problem is, he’s not very good at it. In the United States, a new force is leading At least, according to him. the industry. “I have worked around this industry for “Unconventionals have now become so almost 40 years, and one thing that I’ve learned large in the United States that independents is that I’m not particularly gifted at predicting its are increasingly becoming the initial employer future,” said Weimer. for students,” whereas, traditionally, major But it’s not like he doesn’t have some clues. companies used to be. “It strikes me that our industry is going “In some schools, graduate students are through a long-term major reorganization, now trained primarily on unconventional similar to the decade-long one from the mid resources and do not necessarily have a ‘80s to mid ’90s. Technology and the markets background in conventional accumulations,” continue to make activities more efficient,” which, he added, is both a blessing and a Continued on next page Zohr Field in Egypt is one of the super basins to be discussed.

WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 25 Continued from previous page “One exercise deals with developing he said, which also varies by country. new resources on older fields, one “For example, in deepwater he added. addresses the recognition of deepwater exploration, sustained oil prices in Weimer said that with the rapid prospects in terms of traps and the $55-60 range are necessary for it evolution of unconventionals, the reservoirs, and a third addresses the to be profitable. This is also the price collective geologic knowledge basic concepts in unconventional range for some unconventional plays. database has probably tripled during resources,” said Weimer. However, the current level of oil prices the past decade. What that means is clearly economic to encourage the for students and young professionals Evolving Role of extensive drilling in the Permian and is that they will continue to have a Professional Societies Anadarko Basins,” he explained. steep learning curve throughout their Weimer sees less anxiety going careers – not that there’s anything In determining the four main areas on forward. wrong (or new) with that. the horizon – rejuvenation, resurgence, “A delicate balance in prices has “Everyone needs to grasp that frontier exploration and future plays – he evolved in the market between global continuing education is always an said to keep an eye out on that last one. supply and demand,” he said. ongoing and significant part of a “Future opportunities are largely Outside the classroom, outside professional career,” said Weimer. controlled by commodity prices and the job site, he still sees a place for To that end, in London, he will access to lands; different basins and professional organizations like AAPG. lead interpretation exercises in the play types need a different minimum “I think the entire concept of Discoveries in Senegal are reported to be significant class, covering new frontiers, as well price to encourage development, so it is professional societies is undergoing oil reserves in shelf sandstone reservoirs in as instruction in seismic data and somewhat difficult to predict where the a major transition in geosciences as intermediate depths of the African margins. wireline logs. greatest opportunities are,” something, well as all disciplines,” said Weimer. He recalls that scientific societies developed in the mid-17th century when like-minded people could meet both to socialize and to discuss science – something he believes hasn’t really changed much during the past 300-plus years. “However, I do think that the Internet has fundamentally changed the dynamics in terms of how we access scientific information. This change is significantly affecting how professional societies will operate in the future, and all societies are grappling with this currently. Societies like AAPG still provide much needed opportunities for mentoring, networking, and science, that, to a large degree, is inaccessible to non-members,” he explained. On a personal note, he said that many of the most important professional relationships and colleagues with whom he has worked began in professional societies. “That is something that one cannot understand at the start of one’s career.”

Where the Opportunities Are

With regard to the broader industry, Weimer is an optimist, within reason. “Industry today is markedly different than the one of 40 years ago. The major reorganization of the mid ‘80s was primarily a long-term transformation due to production in new areas, the introduction of new technology (such as 3-D seismic), etc. The confluence of all these factors resulted in a significant decrease in the number of geoscientists who were needed. I believe we are undergoing a similar generational change currently, and we’re only in Year Three of what is likely a extended period of time,” Weimer said. However, he does not believe the demand for geoscientists is going to remain as high as it has been in the past. “This does not mean there are not many opportunities. My experience has taught me that there are always opportunities for those who have imagination, vision and initiative. Consider that twelve years ago, no one predicted the effects that the development of unconventional resources has had on the global markets,” he said. And, the Discovery Thinking Forum is all about looking to past successes to find those opportunities. “What makes the Discovery Thinking Forum so exciting,” said Sternbach, “is that we are showcasing discoveries that

Continued on next page 26 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Published A Transformed Industry from page 21 Very quickly, micropaleontology was a necessity for every oil company and drill- ing venture. Initial skeptic J. J. Galloway, with Julia Gardner, the queen of Tertiary in 1928, noted, as stated earlier, that more coastal biostratigraphy, and stayed at than 300 micropaleontologists were using her Washington, D.C. home for several this tool to work out stratigraphy and struc- days. They forged lifelong friendships and ture. Galloway had himself capitalized on working relationships. their discovery and, within a year of their When Richards and Ellisor returned Amherst paper, was consulting for oil com- to Houston, invigorated and motivated, panies using foraminifera. they – along with Kniker – began, in Not until the 1930s did electric earnest, their work sorting out the coastal logs start making a presence in Gulf stratigraphy. All three felt strongly that Coast wells. Micropaleontology kept its their subsurface work had to be closely dominance in exploration, while being tied to surface “ground truth” and initiated combined with electrical logs and many field trips into central Texas. eventually seismic, for decades. Richard took yet another trip around the Ellisor’s career with Humble north and northeast Gulf Coast collecting (ExxonMobil) exemplifies the impact and samples. She also conducted frequent scope of these early lab managers – she meetings with drillers – constantly started the Humble lab with herself and instructing them on sample-catching one sample washer. By 1946, Humble Oil techniques as well as their washing and reported in their company magazine, The preparation for the laboratories. Dumble Humble Way, that they had: also took an interest in Richards’ personal u 12 micropaleontologists life and sent her out into the field often u two paleontologists with his bachelor field geologist, Paul u 20 sample washers Applin. The matchmaking was successful u several clerks and they were married by 1923. u 220,000 samples washed annually. In 1925, the three women published their epic work and landmark AAPG paper It is past time to give credit where which, according to retired Shell Oil micro- credit is due and honor these three paleontologist Ed Picou, established the female scientists who changed the course basic framework of benthic zonation in the of stratigraphy and the economics of

Gulf Coast: “Subsurface Stratigraphy of petroleum exploration forever. EXPLORER the Coastal Plain of Texas and Louisiana.”

unfiltered approach was most problematic Filtering to effective interpretation, requiring bigger from page 23 time windows for stability. Evaluation of the best parameterization of curvature required the use of objective correlations Conclusions to the interpretive target as well as more subjective map and line comparisons. The interpretation of the distribution Based on the interpretation of fractures, and density of natural fractures was there appeared to be a sweet spot size affected by the curvature parameters. for the cuboid or filtering for each of the The volume-based approaches seemed volumetric approaches. A rational approach better in map evaluation than the horizon- to choosing the parameters for curvature based estimates, although the smallest requires the consideration of the interpretive xyz cuboid size of the volumetric estimates objective or target, as “best” is inextricably tended to bear greater similarity to the bound by purpose. horizon solutions. Filtering of the curvature Acknowledgements: Seismic data is results was also material to the evaluation owned or controlled by Seismic Exchange, of the risk from natural fractures, with the Inc.; interpretation is that of Jupiter The Department of Geology at Stephen F. Austin State University (SFA) invites Fourier based filtering showing the most Resources Inc. We thank SEI Canada for applications for a tenure-track position at the assistant (or associate) professor robustness to different parameterization. permission to show certain images of data level. Applicants must have a doctoral degree in geology or a related field with

Of the volume-based methods, the licensed from them. EXPLORER emphasis on petroleum geology, a strong commitment to excellence in teaching and a willingness to direct Master of Science geology graduate students in research. Preference will be given to candidates with petroleum industry and/or Continued from previous page global implications. research experience. Teaching responsibilities will include introductory courses, u The Senegal discoveries are upper-level and graduate courses in the applicant's specialty, and occasional reported to be significant oil reserves are basin and play openers. These are in shelf sandstone reservoirs in weekend field trip courses. Other expectations include research, university service rare and wonderful finds with game intermediate water depths of the and continuing professional development. changer impact to their regions and to African margins. Submit a letter of application, CV, Transcripts, Statement of Research Philosophy, the world.” u Successes and exploration efforts Statement of Teaching Philosophy and contact information for three references to To that end, the Forum will also have been reported in the east African https://careers.sfasu.edu (posting 0605053). discuss: rift basins in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, u Goliat was the first oil field to Mozambique and Madagascar. come on stream in the Barents Sea, Also mail official transcripts to: and reports by ENI indicate that the The Forum will also feature a brief Dr. Wesley Brown, Search Committee Chair Stephen F. Austin State University platform has a storage capacity of presentation of highlighted vignettes of Department of Geology almost one million barrels, which exploration insights from the decade- PO Box 13011 SFA Station could be, according to Sternbach, long Discovery Thinking program. This Nacogdoches, TX 75962-3011 a “significant game changer” for will be a tribute to more than the 115 (936) 468-3701 the Barents Sea and for industry men and women presenters (or co- exploration of remote and challenging authors) to this enduring and popular Review of applications will begin areas. program. on November 3, 2017, and continue u Of Zohr, in the eastern “These 100 who made a difference,’ until the position is filled. SFA is an Mediterranean, ENI reports that said Sternbach, “are a proud part of equal-opportunity employer. This is a reservoirs are Cretaceous Rudist the AAPG 100th Anniversary legacy. security-sensitive position and will be reefs and Miocene Carbonates, where We are thankful for their generous subject to a criminal history check. the nature of its gas may indicate a contributions to make our exploration

paradigm shift with both local and heritage better than ever before.” EXPLORER

WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 27 In the Wake of Harvey AAPG YPs lend a hand By BARRY FRIEDMAN, EXPLORER Correspondent

avid Clay is a geologist for Ames without much direction on how to help.” Energy in San Antonio, which is about Clay also had a young baby at home, D200 miles from Houston. And he’s an so he couldn’t very well bring his wife AAPG Young Professional member. along while he went off to Houston to help For the moment, that’s not important. strangers. He has a boat. Or could he? For the moment, that is. “About thirty minutes after discussing “Tim McGovern (another San Antonio- with Tim and realizing that it would be tough based geologist and AAPG Member) and to figure out a way to get into Houston, Tim’s I had a quick conversation,” Clay said, wife, Chelsea, calls me,” Clay recounted. after they both saw horrendous images “So you’re taking the boat to Houston? Let’s of people in need in and around Houston do this!” Huge portions of Houston’s transportation infrastructure were submerged in the wake of after Hurricane Harvey, “about how we both That was settled in a hurry. Hurricane Harvey. Photos by David Clay. have boats but felt helpless in San Antonio Clay’s wife, who would stay home with their baby and also encouraged him to go, posted on Facebook she needed vests, water and care packages, and that’s what they got. At 4 a.m. the next morning, Clay kissed his wife and his baby and left for Harris County, along with a group of fellow San Antonio geologists, including the McGoverns, Tanner Bowersox and others (some non-geologists).

Houston, We Have a Problem

“Upon getting the boat ready,” Clay said, “I realized that since last duck season I had not replaced the worn trailer tires, and had not attended to my trailered boat quite enough. The engine started up just fine, but the steering cable had rusted shut. The boat was useless if I couldn’t steer it.” YouTube is a wonderful thing. “I decided to unhook the steering wheel and cable from the motor. I then bolted on a three-foot piece of wood that would serve as the tiller. The boat was officially even more redneck approved than before! In fact, while out in the middle of Buffalo Bayou, a member of the Cajun Navy commended me on wooden tiller rig. It was the greatest compliment,” he related. Clay, along with friends Nils Granger and Justin Brim, soldiered on. OK, they limped on. At the Home Depot in Seguin, Texas, Clay met up with the McGoverns, Bowersox and the rest. “In Schulenburg, Texas (about 90 minutes from Houston), I realized,” said Clay, “the trailer tire was low and then upon filling it up, discovered that the tire tread had completely ripped off. So the boat was riding on two (worn) tires and one spare that only had half of the tread remaining on it too.” “We prayed! We prayed and then kept on going,” said Clay. And their prayers were answered. Well, for about 15 minutes they were answered. Then the right tire blew. It was 6.30 a.m. at this point and nothing was open. Of course nothing was open. Wait – something was. “Finally found a tire shop in Sealy that was open and had an extra trailer tire. I told them to be ready for us! The shop ‘NASCAR’ed’ that boat trailer and we paid and were out in 10 minutes,” he said.

The Positivity of Human Nature

After meeting up again with the McGoverns, the trip continued. “Driving in on I-10 the city (Houston), was quiet, but you really didn’t see much of the flooding since you are up on the interstate.”

Continued on next page 28 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Citizen volunteers joined the National Guard in rescuing flood victims.

Continued from previous page was at capacity and could not take any more donations. The stadium can hold and park up to Clay noticed about five other boats 80,000 people. And it was full. scrambling to find out how to help. FEMA “You cannot grasp something of this officials, he said, weren’t of much help, but magnitude happening,” he said. then Justin, one of this “shipmates,” got Clay saw schools with no roofs, barns a lead from his Facebook newsfeed that gone, power out, water shortages and other said boats were immediately needed off of hallmarks of a natural disaster. Memorial drive and Kirkwood. But he also saw something else. Upon racing to the location, Clay said he “Every corner going through town had a and his crew “came to the intersection to a barbecue pit, a grill or a mobile food truck wall of water going down Kirkwood towards helping feed people! It was something that the bayou and a Cajun Navy member brought tears to your eyes because there locked eyes with me, saw my boat and were people of all races and religions out signaled for me to back in right there in the there just to help others out. Grandparents intersection.” passing out food or behind the grill. Their “We launched the boat, surveyed the kids putting together barbecue plates and area and tried to get a grasp of underwater serving the sides and their kids passing obstacles: trees, stop signs, fire hydrants. out water. Generation to generation My buddy Nils and I grew up in Houston to generation showing their kids and and fortunately spent lots of time driving on grandkids what it means to serve others. It Kirkwood. He knew every turn and median was incredible to see such giving people.” to cut through,” Clay added. And some of those giving people include He continued, “We were instructed people who never left San Antonio, but to go to the second bridge and pick up someone for whom he works, namely Gene individuals and transport them back to Ames, III. higher ground. My depth finder was reading “I did not ask him to leave work, I simply six to eight feet in the middle of Kirkwood. told him I had to go and he was OK with We got out into the bayou and at one point that. In fact, without my knowing he sent the depth was reading over 38 feet!” out an email to a group of industry friends “The section between the launch point requesting donations to fund our efforts and the second bridge had already been in Houston. There was such a willingness evacuated. It was (on) the other side of to donate to our expenses that I was the second bridge where people were able to donate the remaining funds to the either wading to the bridge or being RebuildTX Fund and the J.J. Watt Fund. We rescued and brought to the bridge. It was can call it the Geologist Houston Recovery a rallying point for them to get picked up Fund.” by us and transported down Kirkwood to Clay calls what he experienced, what he higher ground. There were National Guard saw, “The positivity of human nature.” helicopters landing on the bridge 50 yards “There is no judgment of your race, in front of us,” Clay explained. religion, age, sex or anything else. It was He said the helicopter responders simply people helping people.” prioritized people with health risks “and then Some you don’t know, some you do. people would run underneath them across “My brother’s neighbors were in such the bridge, then another would land.” an emotional state that they had no idea “That went on for hours it seemed where to start the clean-up phase. Having like. By the time the early afternoon rolled three outsiders show up and throw out all of around, there were about 40-plus boats on the ruined items that they couldn’t separate the water,” he added. themselves must have been heartbreaking. There were so many boats, in fact, the All they could do was cry for a few minutes, National Guard asked Clay and his crew get past it and start the cleanup process. to get out of the water. They did so and They had no other option,” he said. headed to NRG stadium to drop off the Clay went back to Houston the following

supplies they had gathered, but the facility week. EXPLORER WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 29 FOUNDATIONUPDATE IAGD: Overcoming Physical Barriers to the Geosciences By CHRIS ATCHISON, Founder and Executive Director of IAGD he geosciences have always other – it not only builds inclusion but it attracted people with a sense of also lets people understand that people Tadventure, a mind for problem with physical disabilities or intellectual solving and the propensity to travel to disabilities are not only capable of doing remote areas and work in physically research … but they are capable of challenging landscapes. In the early contributing to the community at large, to days of geology, the capacity to traverse something bigger than themselves.” rugged terrain was an important requisite During a recent study, students to employment in the geosciences. with various physical disabilities As the geoscience workplace has participated in field-based research modernized, however, there are now experiences through the use of mixed- many career opportunities that do not ability team collaboration and digital require the physical ability to explore the communication in the complex geologic landscape on foot. Yet, the perception landscapes of western Ireland. This that the study of geology must be project combined two aspects of the interwoven with physical challenges IAGD mission by creating a unique still acts as a barrier to participation opportunity for students with disabilities for students and practitioners with to participate in collegiate level fieldwork disabilities in the geosciences. The students, research faculty and support team for the IAGD’s most recent inclusive field and also created an opportunity for The International Association for experience in Ireland. groundbreaking research into accessible Geoscience Diversity (IAGD) works to approaches to field learning. change that perception. The diverse membership of the I was inspired after working on a disabilities and raising awareness for What the IAGD Does IAGD comes from almost 30 countries project that provided students with improving access and engagement around the world and includes students, mobility disabilities the opportunity to in the geosciences for students and Student members of the IAGD have faculty and industry professionals. study the Mammoth Cave system in professionals with disabilities. The IAGD found mentors and opportunities to Support and training for instructors and Kentucky. These students were just as is led by an executive committee of strengthen their geoscience skills through mentors working with students with engaged and excited to learn about volunteers from academia and industry inclusive programs and accessible disabilities are crucial to success in the Earth, but were never given an who are passionate about making the field study experiences. For some of bringing them through a degree track in opportunity to do so. I became driven to study of the Earth a more inclusive these students, their participation in the geosciences and into the workforce. help shift the traditional focus on physical endeavor. By supporting a range of geoscience research activities also Additionally, support is needed for or sensory ability being a requisite skill to activities from teacher training workshops sends an important message to the current geoscience practitioners who be a geoscientist. to field experiences for students with broader scientific community. Student have acquired disabilities either through Today, that vision has evolved into disabilities, the IAGD has become ambassador Sean Thatcher describes accident, illness or the normal aging the IAGD: a 501c3 non-profit I founded instrumental bringing attention to the his participation in IAGD-sponsored field process. Keeping these knowledgeable with the mission of promoting inclusive challenges of access in the geosciences, experiences as a place where “everyone and talented people engaged in the instructional practices, creating as well as working to address those is engaging with each other and working research opportunities for students with challenges with innovative solutions. with each other and learning from each See Foundation, page 32

30 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Foundation Contributions for August 2017

General Fund Ellen West Nodwell Leon Horace Gerlich Estate of Frank Adler Van Oliver In memory of deceased geologists Joel A. Alberts Scott Conway Olson G. Warfield Hobbs Patrick Allman Ward Michael Oristaglio Kevin Joseph Keogh William Anthony Ambrose Dianne Broadaway Padgett Renhai Pu Elizabeth Ann Baker Edis L. Parkans Mark David Sonnenfeld Rui Jorge F. Baptista In memory of Sidney Gary Crawford Stewart James Richard Baroffio Abraham Parkans Grace Oluwakemisola Taiwo Bill and Louise Barrett Richard Michael Parker Charles Trevor Walker Attila Bartha Thomas Martin Parris Michael T. Whalen Lamont Stanford Beers J. Michael Party Ray Louis Bellande Robert Paul Pascoe Bernold M. “Bruno” Hanson Robert Edward Bierley Douglas Gene Patchen Memorial Environmental Grant Thomas John Birmingham Morton M. Pepper John Patrick F. Welch George Robert Bole Steve Phelps Chandler and Laura Wilhelm Jack Paul F. Bowles, Jr. Edward Beauregard Picou, Jr. Named Grant Martin Louis Bregman Jeremy B. Platt Shell Oil Company Foundation Daniel Joseph Brennan Terrence Carleton Plumb Matching gifts given by Hilary Brook Lindell C. Bridges Michael D. Podolsky David Worthington Family Grant Martha Lou Broussard Roberto Porto Larry F. Adamson Walter Paul Buckthal Peter Proverbs Eddie David Named Grant David Rush Budge Renhai Pu Edward K. David Ray Albert Burke Borden Roger Putnam, III John Patrick F. Welch Susan Kiefner Cage Margaret E. Hildick Pytte Edward B. Picou, Jr. Named Grant Brian S. Carl, PhD Michael Joseph Quinn Tillman Webb Cooley, Jr. Dennis Ray Carlton Philippe J.Y.M. Rabiller Catherine D. McRae Martin Macdermott Cassidy Frederick G Rayer Mark John McRae In memory of Jo R. Cassidy John Lynn Redmond, PhD Edward C. & Caroline Beaumont David Caust In memory of J. Frank Conrad Named Grant Steven L. Charbonneau Anthony Reso Edward Arthur Beaumont Chevron Matching Employee Fund Ramon Garcia Reyes Gustavus E. Archie Memorial Grant Matching gift for Dieter Letsch Michael A. Richter David Grahame Kersey Shawna Christensen James Palmer Rogers In memory of Guillermo Houghton Clifford C. Clark Benjamin Inalvez Rosandick John and Erika Lockridge James Dennis Clay, Jr. Murray Wayne Roth Named Grant Peggy Susie Clements Tobias Rudolph Clifford C. Clark John M. Cockrane Foundation of Lance Ruffel John E. Kilkenny Memorial Grant Columbus Foundation Jose Abelardo Sanchez Araiza Larry Craig Knauer Grant in memory of John M. and Theresa F. F. Schwarzer, PhD John W. Robinson Named Grant Anne H. Cochrane from the John M. William Lawrence Scott Steven John Williams Cochrane Foundation of the Peter J. Senior Lawrence W. Funkhouser Columbus Foundation Karen Amy Sheffield Named Grant Adam Quentin Collins Shell Oil Company Foundation Jean K. Funkhouser John R. Copland Matching gifts given In honor of L. W. Funkhouser Randel Thomas Cox by Hilary Brook Mruk Family Named Grant Francis Michael Cram Julie Ellen Shemeta John Patrick F. Welch Jennifer C. Cugnet Charles Earl Shultz Norman H. Foster Memorial Grant Matthew Kenney Cugnet Bruce R. Sidner, PhD Edward Arthur Beaumont Edward Louis Davis Grant from Sidner/Butte Fund Clifford C. Clark Lawrence Harold Davis through Fidelity Charitable Ohio Geological Society Named Grant Grant by the Lawrence H. & Ronna Clayton Lee Smith John Frederick Miller C. Davis Family Foundation Dan & Joann Smith Robert K. Goldhammer Rikus De Mooij John Charles Smith Memorial Grant Hasan Armagan Derman Roy Edward Smith, PhD Janok P. Bhattacharya Carl Allen Dimon Justin Sommerville Arnout J.W. Everts Garnett M. Dow Stephen A. Sonnenberg, PhD Kerry F. Inman Anne C. Draucker In memory of Ruth Weimer and Weimer Family Named Grant Michael Edgar Drummond in honor of Bob Weimer Clifford C. Clark Elizabeth Ann Eide Fernand Joseph Souaya Steven John Williams Tristan Euzen David William Stangl Chris Evans Ingo Steinhoff James A. Hartman Student Matthew Spivey Farris Mark Haynes Strider Leadership Summit Fund David R. Feineman Wanda J. Taylor Tillman Webb Cooley, Jr. In memory of Parke A. Dickey Thomas L. Teipner Justin David Fitch Jon Louis Thompson Imperial Barrel Award Fund Michael Grant Fowler Thomas James Tourek, PhD Rusty (John) R. Gilbert, Jr. Christopher Dale Franks Glenn D. Tracy In memory of Dr. Gregory Webb Matthew Jarrett Franks Robert Scott Tucker Larry L. Jones Larry Funkhouser Amanda J. Ulincy Kenneth Eugene Nemeth Robert Keith Garbe Jan Engelbert Van Hinte, Sr. John Patrick F. Welch William E. Gipson William Kurtis Vanderyt In honor of John Amoruso Ricardo Vasquez Military Veterans Scholarship Fund Andrew Gize John Randolph Von Netzer Henry Bercutt David Hendrix Glenn Terrence L. Walker In memory of Kenneth Diebel Ernest Gomez Janine F. Weber Pamela S. Billman Steven Maurice Goolsby John Patrick F. Welch Richard S. Bishop Gerhard E. Greiner William Glen Wendell In memory of Marlan Downey Andree French Griffin Carl Craig Wheeler Clifford C. Clark Gilmor Semmes Hamill, IV Richard Lee Whitney Rusty (John) R. Gilbert, Jr. Jeanne E. Harris & Robert J. Groth Jack Wiener In memory of Dr. Gregory Webb In memory of Andy Alpha Steven John Williams William E. Gipson Edward Wyman Heath William Wolodarsky In memory of Marlan Downey Carl Helms, Jr. Alex Wyer Edwin & Linda Goter Stephen Duncan Heron, Jr., PhD Jianli Yang In memory of Marlan Downey Johnston Earl Holzman Paid through National Fuel Paul Michael Guerino Thomas Barron Howes Gas Company In honor of Riley Guerino Alfred James, III Alain Zanella Frank C. Horacek Jon & Marilyn Jeppesen Curtis L. Johnson Julio M. Jimeno Amoruso Special Publications Fund Ernest and Dorothy LaFlure Robert R. Jordan, PhD John & Camille Amoruso Grant made possible through the Suzanne Mahlburg Kay Ernest and Dorothy La Flure John Edward Kelly Awards Fund Charitable Fund at Fidelity Martin Charles Kennedy Sally J. Meader-Roberts David Grahame Kersey Wim Frans Pieter Kouwe Paul Edwin Potter, PhD In memory of Gail Bloomer Karen & Cecil Rives Roy Knappe, Jr. Teacher of the Year Award In memory of Robert S. Moehlman Jonathan L. Konkler Arthur William Browning Patricia M. Salveson Hans Henning Krause Steven John Williams In memory of James Byron R. Kulander Oliver Salveson James Ade Kurfess Digital Products Fund John and Kate Spaid Stephen Robert Lawrence Texas A & M University In memory D. Robert Brogdon William Brian Little Ellen West Nodwell Robert J. Webster Bobby P. Long Texas Christian University Berta Lopez-Mir Maher Marc Elasmar John F. Bookout, Jr. Military James A. Lorsong The Ohio State University Veterans Scholarship Fund Shane Lough Arthur William Browning Robert Wayne Duke Larry & Judy Luebke University of Kentucky In memory of Marlan Downey Jonathan L. Konkler E.F. Reid Scouting Fund Leslie Blake Magoon, III University of Louisiana Lafayette Richard E. Deery Carrie Maher Martin Joseph Morris Terri Duncan Allan V. Martini University of Oklahoma Bryan Haws Terry J. Mather William Cory Beck In memory of Rufe LeBlanc Visiting Geoscientist Fund Vincent J. McDermott Education Fund Samuel Arthur Friedman Courtney McElmoyl William Augustus Atlee In honor of Jim Gibbs and Teri J. McGuigan Julianne D. Browne Carl J. Smith Hong Mei, PhD Rebecca Lee Dodge John Frederick Miller Edwin & Linda Goter L. Austin Weeks Undergraduate Kimberlee Miskell-Gerhardt In memory of Marlan Downey Grant Fund Robert Mitchell Mitchum, Jr. Susan Nash Borden Roger Putnam, III Mitchell A. Modlich Ellen West Nodwell James C. Morgan Justin Rosenblume Susan Margaret Morrice Don & Carole Woodrow Joseph Morris Thomas Holt Murray, Jr. Grants-in-Aid Fund The monthly list of AAPG Jerome Nicholas Namy Donna S. Anderson Foundation contributions National Fuel Gas Company Foundation In memory of Ruth Weimer Matching gift given by Jianli Yang Paul H. Dudley, Jr. is based on information Kathleen M. Neset In honor of Walter Youngquist provided by the AAPG James Marvin Nichols In memory of Mrs. Anne Chuber Foundation office. WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 31 Take the Advantage with the AAPG Career Center By VICKI BEIGHLE, AAPG Administration Team Lead

hinking about your career? members complete control of how If so, think about this: AAPG personal information is stored and Tmembers have a distinct advantage shared. over the typical job seeker thanks to the AAPG Career Center, an online Good for Employers, Too The School of Energy Economics, Policy employment service designed to match and Commerce within the Collins College of your talent, skills and experience with the Obviously, the site is a great stop for employers who need what you can offer. employers as well – this is where you’ll Business at The University of Tulsa seeks The AAPG Career Center includes find a professional talent pool that can fill candidates for a full-time faculty position in a professional profile that enables any geoscience need that arises. energy business operations and management members to easily and effectively present For employers, the Career Center themselves and their accomplishments to offers: starting January 1, 2018. The successful potential employers. u Targeted advertising options. applicant will teach face-to-face and online By using the Career Center, AAPG u Full résumé access. courses in the College’s undergraduate and members have access to: u Job activity reports. u Free (and confidential) résumé u Advertising enhancements. graduate energy business programs, pursue posting. u Email notifications. a productive research portfolio in energy u Uploading up to five career-related u Member discounts. business, broadly defined, and engage in documents. When it comes to finding qualified u Automatic email notifications. geoscience professionals, where appropriate professional and service activities. u Access to job-seeker resources. better to look than the association that The University of Tulsa is an Equal u Creating a “job agent” to represents them? automatically receive updates when new Members, strengthen your Opportunity Employer and is especially jobs matching your criteria are posted. professional profile; employers, find the interested in candidates who can contribute u Automatic notifications when a talent you need. to the diversity and excellence of the preferred employer posts a new position. Visit the AAPG Career Center today, at

Also, the Career Center allows http://careercenter.aapg.org/. EXPLORER academic community through their research, teaching and/or service. CLASSIFIEDADS

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faculty looking for innovative ideas Foundation and resources for inclusive teaching from page 30 practices, as well as a community of support and opportunity for students and professionals with disabilities in the workforce is no less important than any geosciences, but our outdated website other aspect of this global organization. and online resources were simply not up Working at both ends of the workforce to the task. spectrum, the IAGD offers professional Now, thanks to a generous donation development workshops and accessible from the AAPG Foundation, a full field courses to instructors and teaching overhaul of the IAGD website is under assistants in higher education and K-12, way, along with updated resources to and industry personnel who engage and support persons with many disability include all students and geoscientists types, including new information to with diverse physical and sensory accommodate those with Autism and abilities in the various classroom and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). workplace environments. Once completed, the website will continue serve as an information hub Support from the AAPG Foundation for anyone interested in accessibility in the geosciences and across all STEM Recently, the leadership of the IAGD disciplines, designed with the latest began to notice that as the organization inclusive design practices for ease of has grown and evolved, their web- navigation and accessibility for all users. presence was beginning to lag behind For more information about the IAGD, the vision for the organization. please contact me at [email protected]

We want to be the go-to source for or (513) 556-3613. EXPLORER 32 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG INMEMORY

Paul Ache, 90 Vincent Larsen, 88 Houston, Texas, March 19, 2017 Billings, Mont., March 26, 2017

Victor Andresen, 74 Ross Lessentine, 92 Bellingham, Wash., Jan. 25, 2017 New Orleans, La., Dec. 8, 2016

M. Lee Allison, 68 Truman Logsdon, 93 Tucson, Ariz., Aug. 16, 2016 Edmond, Okla., Nov. 20, 2016

Sidney Anderson, 90 Eugene Luzietti, 57 Grand Forks, N.D., May 30, 2017 Bellaire, Texas, Dec. 25, 2016

Richard Banks, 86 George Macauley, Jr., 91 Tulsa, Okla., June 4, 2017 Lenexa, Kan., Jan. 7, 2017

Gail Bloomer, 82 Louis Macchi, 63 Spring, Texas, Jan. 12, 2017 Chesire, UK, June 8, 2017

Joseph Brewton, 73 Robert Messinger, 87 Pearland, Texas, Sept. 17, 2017 Wichita, Kan., Feb. 27, 2017

William Bridges, 89 Alexander McGregor, 93 Dallas, Texas, Dec. 4, 2016 Newport Beach, Calif., Feb. 28, 2017

William Bridges, 83 Daniel Merriam, 90 Sand Springs, Okla., May 26, 2017 Lawrence, Kan., April 26, 2017

Charles Brinkley, 87 John Moore, Jr., 92 Humble, Texas, July 27, 2016 Houston, Texas, Oct. 8, 2016

Curtis Conley, 85 James Norris, 65 Westminster, Colo., March 17, 2017 Kingwood, Texas, March 10, 2017

Sheridan Conley, 96 James O’Neill, 91 Little Rock, Ark., August 5, 2017 Bakersfield, Calif., July 18, 2016

Michael Davis, 95 Howard Patton, 97 Rensselaer, Ind., April 23, 2017 Houston, Texas, Feb. 18, 2017

Edward Dillon, 91 Alan Peckham, 76 Brackettville, Texas, May 22, 2017 Las Vegas, Nev., June 3, 2007

William Edmondson, 87 Joseph Roeder, 92 Colorado Springs, Colo., Jan. 5, 2017 Abilene, Texas, March 15, 2017

William Edwards, 90 Luther Rogers, Jr., 84 Houston, Texas, Dec. 18, 2016 New Orleans, La., Nov. 24, 2016

Robert Fendley, 89 Arthur Saltmarsh, 66 Simonton, Texas, July 14, 2017 Eagle River, Ala., May 17, 2017

Peter Flawn, 91 Robert Smith, 89 Austin, Texas, May 7, 2017 San Antonio, Texas, Aug. 14, 2017

John Galloway, 87 James Steidtmann, 79 Pleasant Hill, Calif., April 2017 Laramie, Wyo., April 15, 2017

Robert Ginsburg, 92 David Wilson, 63 Miami, Fla., July 9, 2017 Beggs, Okla., April 28, 2015

Peter Gray, 85 Charles Wolf, 70 Lafayette, La., May 18, 2017 Corpus Christi, Texas, Oct. 25, 2016

Tom Harrold, 65 George Young, 84 Oologah, Okla., March 18, 2015 Forth Worth, Texas, July 16, 2017

Bernard Hill, Jr., 92 River Ridge, La., July 15, 2017 (Editor’s note: “In Memory” listings are based on information received from the Robert Hudson, 92 AAPG membership department. Age Casper, Wyo., March 16, 2017 at time of death, when known, is listed. When the member’s date of death is Lawrence Jamison, 82 unavailable, the person’s membership Cypress, Texas, Feb. 21, 2017 classification and anniversary date are listed.) Robert Johnson, 84 College Station, Texas, July 26, 2016

Days is an important event through DPA which we can keep our lawmakers from page 34 informed about energy issues and the impact of regulation. For the first time in a decade, there is a new direction With the changes in Washington possible in Congress, but we need to D.C. we may have a much friendlier help direct our lawmakers to make the environment to our industry. The right choices for the country. I hope you Washington office has been closed. will join us on these visits. You can get However a Special Interest Group involved and make a difference. headed by Pete MacKenzie has been Please contact me at jhill@oilguys. put in place to continue our educational com with any of your thoughts and efforts in Congress. Participation in the ideas; the DPA is a living organization

DPA-sponsored Congressional Visit with our members being its lifeblood. EXPLORER

WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 33 DIRECTOR’SCORNER Here’s How You Can Help in the Wake of Disaster By DAVID CURTISS

he sense of awe and wonder many Resolving and healing the emotional of us in the northern hemisphere Recovery and rebuilding is a effects of this disaster will similarly take Texperienced during August’s solar time. eclipse, which I wrote about in last process that will take years, not But the folks that I’ve talked to in month’s column, has since given way this Houston have shown resolve and month to shock and horror as the natural days or months. Resolving and resilience in the face of misfortune that world demonstrated its awesome power healing the emotional effects of this will stand them in good stead during the in other ways. recovery process. Heavy monsoon rains inundated disaster will similarly take time. It’s not just inspirational for those parts of India and south Asia, leading to CURTISS of us not directly affected. It’s also building collapses and people killed. instructional. Hurricane Harvey slammed into My family and I live in a part of Houston, dropping nearly 52 inches the United States known for severe (about 132 cm) – an estimated 33 trillion thunderstorms and tornadoes. Several gallons (about 125 trillion liters) – of rain years ago, after a particularly devastating along the Gulf Coast. set of tornados hit Moore, Okla., just Florida was battered shortly thereafter south of Oklahoma City, my wife and I by Hurricane Irma, and as I write this went to help her work colleague whose column Hurricane Maria has pummeled house had been devastated. As we Puerto Rico as it wends its way through salvaged possessions not destroyed by the Caribbean. wind or rain, I came face-to-face with my Meanwhile, two earthquakes rocked own vulnerability. Mexico, resulting in loss of life and property. Be honest: are you prepared to deal From southern Asia to Florida, from with a natural disaster that could touch the Caribbean to the Gulf Coast, as your life? How about a political or terrorist an international organization, AAPG attack? has members in all of these locations In most parts of the developed world – members who have been directly we take for granted that systems work and personally affected by these tragic Homes, businesses and places of worship for hundreds of thousands of people were flooded and will always be there. You know – events. during Hurricane Harvey. Photo by David Clay. basic amenities like electricity, cellular As President Charles Sternbach wrote and mobile networks, delivery of food to AAPG members in the aftermath of and fuel, and the Internet. But if these Hurricane Harvey, Houston and the Gulf AAPG’s Response The second is that AAPG is launching were not available, how long could you or Coast are home to nearly a quarter of our a crowd-funding campaign, matching your family survive? members. In response to these events, AAPG’s dollar-for-dollar all donor contributions Now is the time to think about that. We know of members who have lost Executive Committee has taken two up to $25,000. The funds we raise during And to recognize that our colleagues and everything, who have been rescued by specific actions. this campaign will be donated to one fellow members in Houston and around boat as floodwaters filled their homes, First, it has formed an ad hoc or more charities seeking to support the globe need our support – physical, and others who are sheltering family and committee to connect AAPG members Houston and other affected communities emotional and financial. friends whose homes and possessions in Houston and along the Gulf Coast in their rebuilding efforts. More details on When it’s my time to need help, I sure were destroyed. Some of our members who are in need of assistance or who this campaign will follow by email. If you hope someone is willing to lend a hand. are working remotely since their offices are able and willing to assist others in want to participate, please login to the are not yet reopened. recovering from Hurricane Harvey. Our AAPG website and ensure your contact lt is difficult to fathom the level of goal is to support the communications details are updated. disruption that our colleagues have and and connections to allow members to Recovery and rebuilding is a process are experiencing. help members. that will take years, not days or months.

DIVISIONSREPORT: DPA Texas Strong! By JIM HILL, DPA President

ost columns in the Explorer from who now qualify to become members of the division presidents focus the DPA. This is our chance to tell them Mon what is going on within their I encourage our members to about this new membership opportunity division and upcoming events. and become familiar with all that the DPA However, this has truly been a look at the YPs you know and offers its members. challenging year. AAPG Members in talk with those who now qualify I hope you will encourage them to Houston and towns along the Gulf Coast join the DPA and to participate on our have suffered over the past few weeks to become members of the DPA. committees. Dues for the new level are from the devastating effects of Hurricane only $25 per year. Discounts to various Harvey. With more than18 percent of HILL DPA events alone will more that make up the membership based in and around the cost of membership. The application Houston, if we haven’t been directly to develop a focus for the year and do website content, publications, Playmaker for membership can be found on the DPA impacted by the storms ourselves, many what is needed to put plans into action. and Discovery Thinking forums as website at aapg.org/divisions/dpa. of us have friends and colleagues who Within the Division of Professional full certified member status. It also have been. Our thoughts and prayers are Affairs, the focus for this year is our new attempts to provide an increased level Looking Ahead with them as they continue to deal with member status for Young Professionals of career planning by providing access these devastating events. (YPs), “Provisional Member.” This was to DPA mentors to help guide personal The year ahead is bright with the Houston is “Texas Strong” and the discussed in my last article, but it bears development paths and career advice. upcoming Annual Convention and process of recovery is already underway. repeating. Provisional members will have access to Exhibition (ACE) in Salt Lake City, the I encourage you to reach out to help and This level of membership is focused the membership directory, can serve on International Conference and Exhibition support the recovery processes however at those active AAPG members that committees and attend meetings at the (ICE) in London and section meetings you can. Sometimes just an expression currently meet the requirements for DPA discretion of the DPA president, where in Morgantown, Oklahoma City and San of support and concern brings comfort to membership, except for the eight years their contributions will be welcomed. I will Antonio. I am planning on attending all those affected. of experience needed for certification. be attending as many of the YP meet and these meetings and I look forward to Although this is neither a certified nor greet events as possible to help spread meeting each of you and learning more Provisional Members a voting classification, the “Provisional” the word. about each section. class does provide the same level of I encourage our members to look at As a division president, it is important discounts and free access to events, the YPs you know and talk with those See DPA, page 33 34 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG Headline Here Subhead Here and Here BY AUTHOR NAME XXXXXYYYYZZZZ

WWW.AAPG.ORG OCTOBER 2017 35 36 OCTOBER 2017 WWW.AAPG.ORG