Learning and Memory a Comprehensive Reference
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THE SOCIAL CONTAGION of MEMORY: MANIPULATING ITEM and PERSON-BASED CREDIBILITY by Katya Terra Numbers a Thesis Submitted In
THE SOCIAL CONTAGION OF MEMORY: MANIPULATING ITEM AND PERSON-BASED CREDIBILITY by Katya Terra Numbers A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychological Science MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April 2011 ©COPYRIGHT by Katya Terra Numbers 2011 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Katya Terra Numbers This thesis has been read by each member of the thesis committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citation, bibliographic style, and consistency and is ready for submission to The Graduate School. Michelle L. Meade, Ph.D. Approved for the Department of Psychology Keith A. Hutchison, Ph.D. Approved for The Graduate School Carl A. Fox, Ph.D iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. If I have indicated my intention to copyright this thesis by including a copyright notice page, copying is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this thesis in whole or in parts may be granted only by the copyright holder. Katya Terra Numbers April 2011 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1 -
Memory Distrust Syndrome, Confabulation and False Confession
King’s Research Portal DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.06.013 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in King's Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Gudjonsson, G. (2016). Memory distrust syndrome, confabulation and false confession. Cortex. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.06.013 Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. •Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. •You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. -
The Relationship of Conformity and Memory
Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology 2015, Vol. 4, No. 2, ISSN: 2088-3129 Javanmard, Rogayeh The Relationship of Conformity and Memory Gholam Hossein Javanmard Department of Psychology, Payam Noor University, Po. Box 19395- 3697 Tehran, Iran, (Coressponding author) [email protected] Rogayeh Mohammadi Ph.D. Student in Psychology, Payam Noor University, Iran, Email: [email protected] Abstract Some theorists believe that the brain was evolved under the influence of the community and for the community. So it seems that social function has priority on pure cognitive in the brain. The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between conformity and general memory. The current study is a descriptive-correlational research by using prediction (regression) method. For doing this, 167 students were selected via the multistage cluster method from Bonab and Tabriz Payam Noor universities. For gathering data, the Conformity L-72 Test and general memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) were used. The data were analyzed by using 3earson‘s Correlation test and Liner Regression methods. According to the results, the predictive role of conformity for errors in the general memory was confirmed (P<0/01). So that conformity explained 46% of general memory errors variance. Based on these results, it seems that social and cognitive functions of the brain are linked together to meet common goals. Keywords: Conformity, General Memory, Social Brain, Cognition Introduction Herlong (2005) believes that conformity can be considered as a form of personal behavior Social influence is one of the topics studied in developed as a result of group pressure. social psychology which includes obedience and However this pressure and imposition is not as a conformity. -
Almaha Academy Girls Psychology Department 2018-19
ALMAHA ACADEMY GIRLS PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT 2018-19 Name: _____________________________________ Date: ____________________ ALMAHA ACADEMY GIRLS PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT 2018-19 Learning objectives to be covered for Memory Learning objective Completed Know the structure and process of memory and information processing: a) Input b) Processing c) Output d) Encoding e) Storage f) Retrieval Understand the features of short-term and long- term memory, including: a) Duration b) Capacity Understand the structure and process of memory through the multi-store model of memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968) including strengths and weaknesses of the theory: a) Sensory store b) The capacity of the short-term memory c) The duration of short-term memory d) The capacity of the long-term memory e) The duration of the long-term memory f) The role of attention in memory g) The role of rehearsal in memory Peterson and Peterson (1959) Short-term retention of individual verbal items Study: Aim Procedure Results ALMAHA ACADEMY GIRLS PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT 2018-19 Conclusion Evaluation (strengths/weaknesses) Understand retrograde and anterograde amnesia, including: a) The term ‘retrograde amnesia’ b) The term ‘anterograde amnesia’ c) The symptoms of retrograde amnesia d) The symptoms of anterograde amnesia Understand the active process of memory through the Theory of Reconstructive Memory (Bartlett, 1932), including strengths and weaknesses of the theory: a) How schemas are formed b) How schema’s influence behaviour Bartlett (1932) War of the Ghosts study: Aim Procedure Results Conclusion Evaluation (Strengths/Weaknesses) Issues and Debates Understand the reductionism and holism debate, including: a) The term ‘reductionism’ and ‘reductionist’. b) The term ‘holism’ and ‘holistic’ c) The use of content, theories and research drawn from human memory to explain the reductionism and holism debate. -
Conformity Effects in Memory for Actions
Memory & Cognition 2010, 38 (8), 1077-1086 doi:10.3758/MC.38.8.1077 Conformity effects in memory for actions DANIEL B. WRIGHT AND SHARI L. SCHWARTZ Florida International University, Miami, Florida The goal of this research was to examine whether memories for actions can be affected by information re- ported by another person. In two studies, pairs of participants performed 48 of a set of 96 actions. In Study 1, both members of the pairs performed the same actions, and in Study 2, they performed different actions. One week later, the members of the pairs were questioned together about whether they had or had not done all 96 actions. What one person reported greatly influenced what the other person reported for both correct and in- correct responses. This influence was maintained when the participants were later tested individually, and the participants described having pictorial memories for doing many of the actions that they had not done but had merely been suggested. Memories can be systematically distorted by information them report that they did not perform an action when, in encountered after an event, a finding called the postevent fact, they did? The way we tested this was by presenting information (PEI) effect. The main goal of this study was information after the original event, the PEI. In the next to test whether memories for performed and nonperformed section, the relevant literature is reviewed. (but observed) actions could be altered by information presented by another person. Specifically, could people be Memory Conformity made to believe they had or had not done a particular ac- In most laboratory research, the PEI is embedded either tion? We briefly describe some aspects of memory for ac- in biased questions or within a narrative about the event. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Social Contagion Of
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Social Contagion of Correct and Incorrect Information in Memory A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology by Ryan Allen Rush August 2013 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Steven E. Clark, Chairperson Dr. David C. Funder Dr. Robert Rosenthal Copyright by Ryan Allen Rush 2013 The Dissertation of Ryan Allen Rush is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements I would like to thank my parents, Christian and Susan Rush. You both taught me the value of education and hard work. I am forever grateful for your guidance, encouragement, and endless patience. Without both your love and support, I would not be where I am today. I would like to thank my advisor, Steve Clark, for the many years of outstanding mentorship. Your guidance and support allowed me to grow both as a researcher and a teacher. I cannot thank you enough for teaching me that persistence is the key to a successful academic career. Because of you, I am leaving the University of California, Riverside confident in my abilities and ready to take on the next stage of my life. I would also like to thank my dissertation committee members, David Funder and Bob Rosenthal. Without your insightful and useful feedback, my dissertation would not have come to fruition. And lastly, I would like to thank my best friends in graduate school, Ryne Sherman and James Dias. Thank you for providing the support I often needed while in graduate school. Whether we were discussing research or just talking about life in general, the countless hours spent with both of you kept me sane and changed my life forever. -
Cognitive Psychology
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PSYCH 126 Acknowledgements College of the Canyons would like to extend appreciation to the following people and organizations for allowing this textbook to be created: California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office Chancellor Diane Van Hook Santa Clarita Community College District College of the Canyons Distance Learning Office In providing content for this textbook, the following professionals were invaluable: Mehgan Andrade, who was the major contributor and compiler of this work and Neil Walker, without whose help the book could not have been completed. Special Thank You to Trudi Radtke for editing, formatting, readability, and aesthetics. The contents of this textbook were developed under the Title V grant from the Department of Education (Award #P031S140092). However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. Unless otherwise noted, the content in this textbook is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Table of Contents Psychology .................................................................................................................................................... 1 126 ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 - History of Cognitive Psychology ............................................................................................. 7 Definition of Cognitive Psychology -
Social Anxiety and Memory Conformity in Eyewitnesses Alexandra Abry [email protected]
Bates College SCARAB Honors Theses Capstone Projects Spring 5-2013 Social Anxiety and Memory Conformity in Eyewitnesses Alexandra Abry [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses Recommended Citation Abry, Alexandra, "Social Anxiety and Memory Conformity in Eyewitnesses" (2013). Honors Theses. 70. http://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses/70 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Capstone Projects at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Social Anxiety and Memory Conformity in Eyewitnesses An Honors Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Psychology Bates College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts by Alexandra Abry Lewiston, Maine March 22, 2013 ii Acknowledgments Professor Amy Douglass: First and foremost, thank you for your confidence in this proJect and for trusting me to make decisions throughout its course. I am grateful for the many hours that you have dedicated to helping me choose a direction to move in when I have had no idea where to go. You have consistently guided me with kindness and understanding, and it has been an extraordinary privilege to learn from you in class, while working on thesis, and through tangential conversations (my personal favorite). I simply cannot express how grateful I am for all that you have done for me – you have truly have gone above and beyond. Brian Pfohl: I am confident that had it not Been for your help, I would still Be scoring data. -
1.2A Reconstructive Memory Deira International School Rhiannon Quinton
1.2a Reconstructive Memory Deira International School Rhiannon Quinton IB DP IB1 Psychology (Group 3) HL (IB1) Summary 1.2a Reconstructive Memory Subject Year Start date Duration Psychology IB1 Week 1, October 2 weeks 8 hours Course Part Cognitive Approach: Reliability of Cognitive Processing Description Human memory is not an exact copy of events, but rather a reconstruction that may be altered over time, through discussions with others or input from the media. Research shows that memory may be changed during storage, processing and retrieval, due to schema processing. Relevant examples related to studying the nature of reconstructive memory could be but are not limited to: • confabulation—a memory based on a fabricated, distorted or misinterpreted memory often believed to be true in spite of contradictory evidence • schema processing—memory processing based on prior knowledge in the form of schemas that could result in distortion • false memories—recalling an event that never happened and believing it to be true. Inquiry & Purpose Inquiry / Higher Order Questions Type Inquiry Questions Content-based Does a researcher's choice of methodology affect the reliability or credibility of the research? Curriculum Aims Enable the student to recognize that the content and methodologies of the individuals and societies subjects are contestable and that their study requires the toleration of uncertainty Objectives Application and analysis demonstrate application and analysis of the knowledge relevant to areas of applied psychology Synthesis and -
Recall and Recognition on Minimalism
Original Article KOME − An International Journal of Pure Communication Inquiry Recall and Recognition on Volume 5 Issue 2, p. 57-70. © The Author(s) 2017 Minimalism. Reprints and Permission: [email protected] Published by the Hungarian Communication A Replication of the Case Study Studies Association on the Apple Logo DOI: 10.17646/KOME.2017.24 Ioana Iancu1 and Bogdan Iancu2 1 Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, ROMANIA 2 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, ROMANIA Abstract: The present research aims to better understand the impact of brand exposure and brand perception on logo recall and recognition. Building off of prior work that has examined surprising impairments in visual memory for the Apple logo (Blake, Nazarian and Castel, 2015), a comparative analysis is developed by comparing computer science and social science becoming specialists. The Apple logo is used as a case study due to its minimalism. The data reveal that only a small amount of the subjects can recall and recognize the Apple logo correctly. The recognition phase, in comparison with the recalling one, seems to be an easier task for the subjects. However, although the stylized features of the logo are often overlooked, each subject manages to recognize a large amount of details of the logo. Contrary to expectations, regardless of being a man or a woman, owning an Apple device, or developing a very positive emotional attachment to the brand are not significant variables that can determine a higher level of recall and recognition. Nevertheless, having a strong background in the technological domain can increase the probability of paying much attention to the details of a technical brand. -
B. Memory and Information Processing the Brain Processes the Information We Receive from Our Sense. It Pays Attention to It
A. Keywords: B. Memory and information processing Subject: Psychology Processing – the operations we perform The brain processes the information we receive from our Topic: Memory on sensory information in the brain sense. It pays attention to it and makes decisions based Year: 11 Input – sensory information we receive upon it. We unconsciously or deliberately store some from our environment sensory information. This requires encoding the sensory Storage – the retention of information in our memory system information. Once this is done, the memory system can E. Understanding amnesia Encoding – turning sensory information store the memory trace for a few seconds or up to a Sometimes people experience a special type of into a form that can be stored in the lifetime. STM lasts around 18 seconds and holds about 7 forgetting called amnesia. This can often be after brain pieces of information. LTM can last for minutes or up to a trauma to the brain. Anterograde amnesia is Acoustic encoding – the process of an entire lifetime. storing sound in our memory the inability to store new long-term memories Visual encoding – the process of storing C Multi store model of memory Atkinson and Shiffrin after a brain injury. Retrograde amnesia is where something that is seen in our memory identified 3 distinctive different stores in our memory information before the brain injury cannot be system system. The sensory register receives all the sensory recalled. HM is famous case of both types of Semantic encoding – the process of information and if we pay attention to it information can amnesia as his brain was damaged during storing the meaning (definitions) of be transferred to our STM where information can stay for surgery. -
Can Implicit Post-Event Information Influence Explicit Eyewitness Memory?
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Student Theses John Jay College of Criminal Justice Spring 6-2017 Can Implicit Post-Event Information Influence Explicit yE ewitness Memory? Hang Sze Chau CUNY John Jay College, [email protected] How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/jj_etds/15 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Running Head: UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSING OF POST-EVENT INFORMATION 1 Can Implicit Post-Event Information Influence Explicit Eyewitness Memory? Hang-Sze Chau John Jay College of Criminal Justice City University of New York UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSING OF POST-EVENT INFORMATION 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Misinformation Effect 5 Source Monitoring 7 Implicit Learning 9 Methods 13 Results 19 Discussion 23 Reference 30 Appendix 37 UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSING OF POST-EVENT INFORMATION 3 Abstract This study examines whether unconscious