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Should the Blue Ridge Mountains Be Made a National Park

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Should the Blue Ridge Mountains Be Made a National Park March, 1925] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER much as we would have done under the SHOULD THE BLUE RIDGE same circumstances. MOUNTAINS BE MADE We teachers of geography know that the A NATIONAL PARK names of capes and mountains will fade from the student's mind, that many of the A SOCIAL SCIENCE PROBLEM FOR THE JUNIOR rivers and capitals will melt into an indis- HIGH SCHOOL tinct haze—that many, perhaps most of the facts will be gone from our students when, TRAINING for citizenship is the gen- eral aim of the social studies which at thirty-five or fifty-five years of age they turn their minds into the resistless sea of have become the backbone of the cur- riculum as a result of the nation-wide sur- public opinion and their votes into the bal- lot box that decides some world crisis. We, vey by Dr. Edgar Dawson and individual the teachers of geography, should realize investigators. Such abilities, inclinations, and ideals as will enable the youth to take that the frequently recurring opportunities his place in a rapidly changing society must of the geography class means this—that to us more than to all other social agencies be developed. He must be trained to at- tack a problem, investigate and organize combined, is given the power to decide whether the future act of the voter shall be evidence, and to withhold judgment until all an act of respect or disrespect, of sympathy evidence is collected; he should be able to or antagonism, of understanding or ignor- trace the effects of past events upon social living today; he should realize the growing ant prejudice—whether war shall wreck us all or whether we shall put it into the limbo interdependence of all countries; he should understand major contemporary problems where now the personal duel resides— 1 buried by a better method. Now that a bet- and his part in solving them. ter way is established the gentleman finds A heavy responsibility rests upon the that he can get along perfectly well without teacher to choose such problems as will carry out this aim. After choosing the puncturing his fellowman with a rapier or a bullet. problem she must find a means to arouse interest in it. A good scheme for doing this This opportunity of the geography teach- er is made even greater than it seems by the is to make a local problem the point of con- fact that most adult activities are bent to- tact. As an example of this I shall con- ward the realization of desires conceived sider the problem of conservation. Experts before the age of fifteen years. tell us that our coal supply may not last one hundred years, that our oil may not last J. Russell Smith fifty years, and that a million square miles of timber have been cut down and not re- A university residence hall is neither a placed. This is a problem of national in- rabbit warren, a barracks, nor a boarding- terest that should be given careful study. house. It is a center of college and univer- In looking for a local approach to this sity life and influence, where no inconsider- problem the teacher will find that the news- able part of the student's education is to be papers are a great aid. Virginia news- gained by contact with fellow-students and papers are now featuring the fight waged in where he contributes to and shares in that Congress to put a national park in the Blue college life and college spirit which, how- Ridge Mountain. The valley people are en- ever elusive and difficult to define, are thusiastic over it; the mountain people want powerful factors in fashioning the mind and to retain their homes. But other sections, character of the American college student 1. Report of Committee on social studies in the —Nicholas Murray Butler junior high school. 76 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 6, No. 3 as Smoky Mountain in Tennessee, want the land. Should the Blue Ridge Mountain be park. The fact that former Secretary of made a national forest, a national park, or Agriculture Wallace once recommended left as it is ? that the Smoky Mountain section be made a national forest enlarges the problem to a I. A comparison of our national forests consideration of both parks and forests. with the Blue Ridge area will deter- Where shall this problem be placed in the mine whether this section is adapted school? The new course of study for the for use as a national forest junior high schools of Virginia has not yet A. Study of the Shenandoah National been completed and there is so much va- Forest brings out these facts about riation in existing courses of study that it national forests. is hard to place this problem. Many lead- 1. The Shenandoah National Forest in- ing educators point to the ninth grade, or cludes the Massanutten Mountain in the last year of the junior high school, as Virginia, the North Mountain and the the most suitable. Harold Rugg, Earle Shenandoah Mountain in Virginia and Ruggj and Emma Schweppe devote one West Virginia. pamphlet for the ninth grade of their "So- 2. This land was made into a national for- cial Science Pamphlets" (as worked out in est for these purposes :2 Columbia University) to this problem. Mr. a. To prevent flood damage and ob- R. W. Hatch, instructor in citizenship in struction of navigation along the the Horace Mann School, and Dr. Daniel great rivers which head in the C. Knowlton of Teachers College, Colum- southern Appalachians. bia University, provide the following plan b. To permit the conservative develop- for the ninth grade: ment of water power resources. History: A survey of modern world re- c. To encourage municipal water de- lationships. velopment. Geography: A world survey; expanding d. To permanently support an import- commercial interests. ant share of our national forests Civics : Elementary social, political, and products industries. economic problems. e. To serve as an object lesson where Courses of study for city schools, as Nor- private owners may see and ap- folk, provide for social problems of this praise the results of applied fores- type in the ninth grade. The teacher has tiy. the privilege of using it where she thinks f. To serve as a mountain vacation best, but, in all probability, the new course land for the massed populations of of study will provide a place for such prob- the east and south. lems in the ninth grade. g. To protect and develop scenic and PROBLEM aesthetic values. Secretary of the Interior Weeks has rec- h. To protect game and fish. ommended to Congress that the Blue Ridge i. To take care of small industries de- Mountain or the Smoky Mountain be made pendent on the forest. a national park; former Secretary of Agri- 3. The government secured this land un- culture Wallace recommended at one time der Weeks Law, March, 1911. It was that Smoky Mountain be made a national /Letter from Secretary Wallace to the Bureau forest. The cattlemen living in the section of the Budget, pursuant to circular No. 49 of that protest against the government's taking the bureau, and returned to the Department of Agri- culture under date of May 2, 1924. March, 1925] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 77 bought from private owners at an av- and Waynesboro on the south. It lies erage cost of $3 an acre. Total cost in the following counties: Warren, was $410,000. (Other national forests Fauquier, Rappahannock, Page, Madi- were made from public domain.) son, Greene, Rockingham, Augusta, 4. The forest is handled in the following and Albemarle. It is about one hun- manner :3 dred miles in length and averages nine a. It is under the administration of the miles in width. Department of Agriculture. 2. All the reasons for the establishment b. Forest officers get their position of the Shenandoah National Forest ap- through a civil service examination ply to this section. and promotion in rank. II. A comparison of our national parks c. A forest supervisor, a man of ex- with this Blue Ridge area will de- perience in woods work, road and termine whether this section is adapt- trail building, the stock business, ed for use as a national park. and in all kinds of work carried on A. Our national parks were created to in the forest, plans work in his for- preserve certain unusual features.4 est under the supervision of the dis- 1. Yellowstone (northwest Wyoming) — trict forester and supervises the ex- more geysers than in all the rest of the ecution of the plans. world together, boiling springs, mud d. A forest assistant carries out the volcanoes, petrified forests, grand can- work under the direction of the su- yon of the Yellowstone, large lakes, pervisor. After two years of satis- large streams and waterfalls, greatest factory service, he becomes a for- preserve of wild animals in the world, est examiner, who examines and and trout streams. maps areas, designates timber to be 2. Hot Springs (middle Arkansas) — cut in sales, surveys boundaries, and forty-five hot springs possessing cura- conducts nursery work and forest tive properties. planting. 3. Sequoia (middle eastern California) — e. The rangers carry out the routine several hundred sequoia trees over ten work of supervising timber sales, feet in diameter, some twenty-five to grazing, building roads, trails, thirty-six feet in diameter, towering bridges, telephone lines, etc. Only mountain ranges, mile-long cave. men who are physically sound, who have endurance, and who know how 4.
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