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ZONAS ARIDAS No ZONAS ÁRIDAS Publicada por el Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (CIZA) Published by the Center for Arid Lands Research (CIZA) Universidad Nacional Agraria — La Molina, Perú EDITORES/EDITORS Juan Torres Guevara María del Pilar Paredes Egúsquiza Virginia Isayama Carlos López Ocaña COMISIÓN EDITORA / EDITORIAL BOARD Edgar Sánchez I. Zulema Quinteros C. Bernardino Ojeda E. Dora Velásquez M. ARTES / ILLUSTRATIONS Bernardino Ojeda Enriquez INFORMACIÓN GENERAL / GENERAL INFORMATION Zonas Áridas publica artículos originales en Español o Inglés referentes a los diversos aspectos de las zonas áridas y semiáridas de América Latina con la finalidad de contribuir a su mejor conocimiento y manejo adecuado de sus recursos. Con este objeto acepta contribuciones sobre Biología, Ecología, Paleobiología, Antropología, Arqueología, Geología, Hidrología, Forestales, Agricultura y Climatología de estas formaciones. Esta revista se inició en 1982 y se publica 1 vez por año bajo el auspicio del PRDCYP de la Organización de los Estados Americanos. Tiene las siguientes secciones: Editorial, Artículos Científicos, Revisiones y Notas Técnicas o Informativas. No se cobran gastos de publicación y las instrucciones para los autores se imprimen en la contratapa. Las opiniones expresadas en esta revista son responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores. Zonas Áridas publishes original articles in English or Spanish refered to the various aspects of the arid and semi-arid zones of Latin America aiming to contribute to a better understanding and rational management of their resources. It accepts contributions on Biology, Ecology, Paleobiology, Anthropology, Archaeology, Geology, Hidrology, Forestry, Agriculture and Climatology of these formations. This journal was founded in 1982 and is published once a year with the support of the PRDCYP of the Organizaron of American States. It has the following sections: Editorial, Research, Articles, Reviews and Technical or Informative Notes. It has no page charges and instructions to authors are printed in the back cover. Opinions and conclusions expressed in this journal are the sole responsability of the contributing author(s). DIRECCIÓN POSTAL / MAILING ADDRESS Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (CIZA) Universidad Nacional Agraria — La Molina Camilo Carrillo 300 A, Lima 11, Perú P.O.Box 330, Lima 100, Perú CONTENIDO /CONTENTS EDITORIAL OASIS DE NEBLINA MAS NAPAS FREÁTICAS: UN DESIERTO DOMINADO Life in a desert. Adding fog oases and subterranean waterflow Frederic Engel .................................................................................... ECODESARROLLO EN EL PERÚ INCAICO Ecology and Development in the Inca's Perú John Earls ........................................................................................... ENFOQUE SISTEMICO, INTERDISCIPLINARIEDAD Y DESARROLLO Systems approach, interdisciplinarity and development Jorge Ishizawa .................................................................................... DINÁMICA DE LA VEGETACIÓN DE LAS LOMAS DEL SUR DEL PERÚ: ESTACIONALIDAD Y PRODUCTIVIDAD PRIMARIA. CASO: LOMAS DE ATIQUIPA (AREQUIPA) Plants dynamics of Lomas from Southern Perú: Seasonality and primary production. Case: Lomas of Atiquipa (Arequipa) Carlos Arias y Juan Torres G ............................................................. ANÁLISIS DE LA VEGETACIÓN ESTACIONAL DE SABANDIA Y CHARACATO (AREQUIPA), ENTRE LOS 2450 Y 2800 m.s.n.m. Analysis of seasonal vegetation of Sabandia and Characato (Arequipa), between 2450 and 2800 m.a.s.l. Francisco Villasante y Percy Jiménez ............................................... FLORA Y VEGETACIÓN ALTOANDINA DE TISCO-CAYLLOMA (AREQUIPA) High andean flora and vegetation of Tisco-Caylloma (Arequipa) Dina Vargas, Percy Jiménez y Francisco Villasante ......................... ORIGEN BOTÁNICO DE LA MIEL DEL VALLE DEL MANTARO Botanical origin of honey from the Mantaro Valley Olga León, Jesús Balbín, Victoria Villa y Virginia Isayama ............... EL COMERCIO DE EXPORTACIÓN DE AVES SILVESTRES DE LA COSTA Y SIERRA DEL PERÚ EN EL PERIODO 1982-1986 Wild Birds Exportation Trade in the Costa and Sierra of Perú during 1982- 1986 Mariza Palero y Edgar Sánchez ........................................................ AVES SILVESTRES EN CAMPOS DE MOSTAZA (Brassica nigra) DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA-LA MOLINA: PATRONES DE COMPORTAMIENTO Y EVALUACIÓN DEL DAÑO Wüd birds in mustard (Brassica nigra) fields of the Universidad Nacional Agraria—La Molina: Behavior patterns and damage evaluation Diana Z. Quinteros y Edgar Sánchez ................................................ NOTA TÉCNICA: ECODESARROLLO AGROPECUARIO EN LA SIERRA DELPERU Technical Note: Agriculture and Herding Ecodevelopment in the High Mountains of Perú (Sierra) Mario E. Tapia .................................................................................... NOTA TÉCNICA: UNA EXPERIENCIA DE ECODESARROLLO EN UNA ZONA SEMI-ARIDA: EL ASENTAMIENTO SILVO-PECUARIO "EL ALGARROBO-PAPAYO" PIURA, REGIÓN GRAU Technical note: An experience on ecology and development in a semiarid zone: The forestry and herding settlement "El Algarrobo-Papayo" Piura, Región Grau Elsa T. Fung .................................................................................... NOTA INFORMATIVA: LA SOCIEDAD PERUANA DE CACTUS Y SUCULENTAS (SPECS) Informative note: Peruvian cactus and succulent Society Carlos Ostolaza Nano ..................................................................... EDITORIAL Los sueños se hacen realidad con las manos y para ello no se pide permiso. Darcy Ribeiro Gracias a la terquedad de un grupo de investigadores del Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (CIZA) de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNA LM), así como del apoyo de instituciones como la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA), y la Central Peruana de Servicios (CEPESER) de Piura, vuelve a salir una edición más de nuestra revista Zonas Áridas. El mantener una revista científica especializada en nuestro medio resulta un esfuerzo titánico, un esfuerzo tremendo, pero a la vez necesario, pues nunca antes como hoy se ha necesitado en nuestro país, a las ciencias básicas, no podemos seguir pensando sólo en el momento, en el corto plazo, en el proyecto inmediato, necesitamos inscribirnos en proyectos que traten los verdaderos temas fundamentales, con perspectivas integrales y no perdernos en la comodidad que a veces brinda el detalle, la especia/dación. "Zonas Áridas", como su nombre lo dice, es una revista cuya principal preocupación son las tierras secas del Perú, en especial, tanto de la denominada Costa como de la Sierra, y con respecto a ellas este número seis (6), trata fundamentalmente acerca de la vía, considerada casi obligatoria, a seguir por nuestro país: EL ECODESARROLLO. A modo de antecedente John Ear/s trata sobre el ecodesarrollo en el imperio incaico; jorge Ishizawa expone lo que es el método de análisis que utilizan planteamientos integrales como los del ecodesarrollo: el enfoque sistémico, así como la interdisciplinariedad como forma de implementarlo. Finalmente Mario Tapia y Elsa Fung nos hacen dos propuestas de ecodesarrollo a diferentes niveles, el primero referido a la Sierra, y la segunda al bosque seco de a/garrobos de la Costa Norte, como para demostrar que este planteamiento no es sólo un conjunto de medidas abstractas sino que existen experiencias concretas que junto con todas las acumuladas por un buen sector del campesinado desde hace miles de años, son muestra de la plena viabilidad de esta propuesta de desarrollo. Es indudable que aún queda por precisar muchos aspectos pero esto no le quita validez alguna. Artículos en las áreas de uso de los recursos natura/es por culturas precolombinas, ecología vegetal y animal completan la presente edición, como forma de demostrar que lo integral, lo balístico, de ninguna manera está reñido con la especialización, lo que sí es un error, cualquiera de las dos solas. Es el deseo del CIZA—UNALM, con esta edición no darle gusto a la aguda crisis por la que atravesamos, sino más bien demostrar que nosotros somos más grandes que nuestros problemas, que con perseverancia y sin amargura podemos superar la difícil situación actual. Juan Torres Guevara CIZA-UNALM OASIS DE NEBLINA MÁS NAPAS FREÁTICAS: UN DESIERTO DOMINADO Life in a desert. Adding fog oases and subterranean waterflow Frederic A. Engel Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas. Camilo Carrillo 300 A, Lima 11, Perú RESUMEN ABSTRACT En las costas desérticas del Perú y de Chile, han Heaps of refuse, ash and shell called "shell mounds" sobrevivido áreas con vegetación —antes are found in Ime along long stretches of the coasts of forestadas- conocidas con el nombre de "fog the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The mounds oases" o "lomas". Estas lomas forman lentes indícate the previous existence of encampments or subterráneos de agua, producto de la vi-llages, some of them quite large, that had been condensación de la neblina. Cuando tales lentes inhabited, some of them up to 10,000 years before encuentran una capa rocosa impermeable, se present days or more. mantienen en una profundidad accesible y Similar shell mounds are found along the desert permiten la perforación de un hoyo de donde se Pacific coast between the north of Perú and the recoge agua potable. La presencia de una lente, Chilean desert. a veces justificaba la construcción de un pozo. Hemos descubierto algunos de esos pozos que Choosing a location favourable for fishing or fueron edificados en tiempos prehispánicos, gathering food would
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