irrigation Challenges And Irrigation Development in the State of

Dr I Satyanarayana Raju, M.Tech.MBA.,M.Phil.B.L,FIE,PhD; Former Chief Engineer & Presently Member,Technical Advisory Council, WRD-AP & Senior Project Manager, Centre for Sustainable Development Goals, APHRDI-Bapatla-522101, Guntur DT.AP Water

• Resource is a thing resorted to for support, economic wealth. • Water is natural resource, one of five life sustaining elements of nature (Panchbhutas). • It’s not only for life sustenance but also for civilization, culture, to prosper economy. • Water is renewable and can be exploited to needs of society. Water

• Water needed for drinking, irrigation, agriculture, industry, environment, power, sanitation, recreation, navigation… • 3/4th earth surface covered with water, not abundant, mostly sea saline water unfit to use. • Of natural fresh water of 2.53percent, 1%available,rest locked up in glaciers and snow cover.

Water Resources Management

• It is a science that includes to define water requirement, study of resource availability, conceive and build storage duly investigating, designing and construction. • Also distribution of water from source for drinking, irrigation, industries, electricity, environment, recreation, navigation……. • Increasing population and per capita consumption leads to water stress, water scarce. Water stress and crisis • 7th position in world with renewable water of 2085km.Cum but in 133th due to population ,per capita availability. • When per capita drops down to 1700 cum then fall in water stress and further to 1000cum leads to water scarce. • This may happen when estimated population reaches 1.64 billions and more by 2050. • Hence need for water management, conservation, optimal utilization in India.

Water Usage Usage % Agriculture Industries& Domestic others World 69 23 8 Europe 33 54 13 Africa 88 5 7 India 80 12 6 Water Usage

• Thus main usage of water across the world is for agriculture other way called for Irrigation. • India accounts for 80% for irrigated agriculture. • Irrigation sources will be also sources for drinking water,sanitation,industries,electricity, environment. • Hence irrigation water management is main water resource management Irrigation Water Management (WRM) • Irrigation is systematic and demand based supply of water through net work of canal system from source to field. • Minor irrigation - 2000Ha. • Medium irrigation-10000Ha. • Major Irrigation - above 10000Ha. • Catchment/river basin: boundary from which fall run off lead to a project contributing storage. Irrigation Related Terms • Wet crops-paddy, sugar cane(require more’W’ • ID crops(dry crops)-groundnut, pulses, chilies , maize, jowar, sunflower,corn..(require less’W’ • Water requirement for crops measured by Duty means one cubic feet per sec water irrigating area.ex-100, 60….. • Also depth of Water supplied for total crop period.ex:1100-1300mm for wet,500-700-ID. • Reservoir storage be in Mcft. or Mcum. • Dams capacity will be in Thousand Mcft.(TMC) or Mcum. Irrigation • The ayacut under project depends on storage. • For every 1TMC storage we can propose 10000Ac • I Hectare conversion is roughly 2.50 Ac. • Also irrigation with out storage will also be done by construction of check or barrage a/c steams and rivers diverting live river run off. • Also water used in irrigation by lifting from streams if land at higher elevation. • Also ground water used by Bore wells for irrigation and drinking. India’s Water  Water is finite.  India’s land resource is 2.45 % of that of World’s  India has only 4 % of the world’s water resource but supporting 17 % of the World’s population.  76 % of the total precipitation occurs in just 4 months, some times even 50 % of the precipitation occurs in just 15 days and <100 hrs.  Of the 4000 BCM annual precipitation, 3000 BCM occurs during months(4).  Average annual flow is 1953 BCM but 1122 BCM is utilizable.

14 India’S Position in world scenario

• Land Resources ------2.45% • Renewable Water Resources - 4% • Population ------17%

15 Water Availability

Total Precipitation 4000 BCM

Total water availability 1869 BCM

Total utilizable water resources 1123 BCM

Surface water Ground Water 690 BCM 433 BCM

Current utilization Current utilization 450 BCM ( 65% ) 243 BCM (58%)

16

Per Capita Water Availability

6000 5177 5000

4000

3000 2209 1820 2000 1545 1341 1140 1000

0 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041 2051 2061

17 WATER STRESS

 As per existing water resources per capita availability of water varies from 300 to 13754 (Cum)  National annual average per capita availability in 2001 is 1829 Cum  By 2021 this national average is expected to reach 1557 Cum ( Water Stress)  By 2050 it may further reduce to 1168 Cum

18 Present Storage Capacity in Dams of India (BCM)

No. of Large Dams in Country = 4857

253.4

250.0 200.0 109.7 150.0 50.9 100.0 15.6 50.0 0.0

19 WATER DEMAND

About 80 % of the developed water for agriculture

56% of the food grain production through irrigated agriculture

With increase in water use efficiency and competing demands for other sectors the demand pattern is likely to change over years

20 List Of Challenges

 Water Availability  Per Capita Availability – 1545 Cum (2011) against stress condition being 1700 Cum  Irrigation Development  113 Mha potential created against ultimate potential of 140 Mha  88 Mha potential utilised against 113 Mha created potential  Storage Creation  Creation of 253 BCM Storage against desired potential of 450 BCM  Hydropower Development  Installed capacity of 36000 MW against potential of 148700 MW  Efficiency in Irrigation  Surface Water – presently at about 40% against possibility of 60%  Ground Water – presently at about 70% against possibility of 75%  Flood Management  Ensuring protection to 18.8 Mha against Flood Prone Area of 40.0 Mha 21

The Earth, Water and Air are not a gift from Parents but a loan from our Children. Let us repay Water use priority :

• 1.Drinking water • 2.Irrigation water • 3.Hydro power • 4.Ecology • 5. Agro-industries and non-agricultural industries. • 6. Navigation and other uses .

Virtual Water • Concept emerged in 1990 by Prof J.A. Allan. • Water embedded in commodities.

• “Goods and services require water ;the water used to produce agricultural and industrial products is called

virtual water of the product”. Virtual Water of some products

1 CUP of Coffee 140lts

1 litre of Milk 1000 lts

1 Kg of Wheat 1100 lts

1 Kg of Rice 3000 lts

1 Kg of Sugar 3200 lts

1 Kg of Chicken 6000 lts

1 Kg of Beef 16000 lts. STATUS OF IRRIGATION IN ANDHRA PRADESH

Total Geographical area 395.13 Lakh Ac

Total Culturable area 199.04 Lakh Ac

Total Irrigated area 101.22 Lakh Ac Balance Culturable 97.80 Lakh Ac area New Ayacut to be created 28.44 Lakh Ac with ongoing projects 27 Water Resources Department Government of Andhra Pradesh River Basins

Vamsadhara Godavari basin

Krishna basin

Pennar Catchemnt Areas & Utilisation of River Basins C Area Allocated Utilisation for Irrigation Name of the (1000 Water in TMC Basin Sq Km) (TMC) Existing Ongoning 1 2 3 4 5 Krishna 24.43 532.04 532.04 150.50 Godavari 17.72 860.00 300.00 400.00 Pennar 48.29 98.65 128.94 58.12 Vamsadhara 1.90 52.50 28.60 8.69 Others 58.19 289.90 296.70 15.73 Total 150.52 1833.09 1286.28 633.04 VISION

 The vision of the Government is to make the state Drought Proof within five years and is aimed to eradicate poverty and reducing economic inequalities by better water conservation

 Water conservation mission is one of the seven missions constituted for invigorating the growth engines with the main objective being poverty alleviation.

29 Current Status Of Andhra Pradesh

Geological Formations : Out of the 160204 Sq. Kms. of AP State, about 20% area is covered by soft alluvium formations and remaining is covered with hard rocks. Water Resources : Roughly 6 percent of the land area in the AP is occupied by water bodies

 The state is divided into 40 river basins

 AP is a riverine state with 40 major, medium and minor rivers of which 12 of them are inter-state rivers.

 The total surface water availability at 75 percent dependability for all river basins is 1991 TMC (including flood waters)

 Major contributors of surface water – Godavari(860 TMC), Krishna(532 TMC+150.5 TMC(Flood/surplus water)), Pennar (97.6 TMC)

30 Current Status of AP Rainfall

 The normal annual rainfall is 966.2 mm

Ground Water

 The Ground Water Potential is 1161 TMC

 Current Utilization of Ground water-525.6 TMC(45% of 1161 TMC)

 Scope for further utilization of Ground Water in AP is just 10%(i.e., 123.6 TMC) (balance available in command areas of major projects and uncultivable areas)  There are 736 Ground Water Basins in AP, of which 56 basins fall under “Over Exploited”, 14 basins fall under “Critical” and 52 basins fall under “Semi- Critical” and 614 basins fall under “safe” category.

Water Utilization

 Close to 96 percent of the available surface water, i.e., 992.85 TMC for irrigation purpose, 3 percent for domestic consumption and 1 percent for industrial purposes 31 Current Status of AP Infrastructure & Institutions for Water Storage and Supply Water Resources Department

 Total Storage capacity created in AP- 1239.4 TMC

 Utilization through these projects is 717.35 TMC  The total irrigation potential created in AP – 40.95 Lakh Ha  Actual area under irrigation is only 27.51 Lakh Ha ( a gap of nearly 33%) Public Health and Municipal Engineering Dept.

 88% of the urban population is covered with piped water supply system

 Current total capacity of sewerage treatment facilities across the State is only 288 MLD, which has the ability to treat only 28% of the total sewage generated in the urban areas. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department th  As per Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation in April 2014, AP ranks 15 among the Indian States with only 35 percent habitations fully covered with drinking water supply. APSIDC

 Andhra Pradesh State Irrigation Development Corporation was established in 1974

 APSIDC has implemented 1,136 LI schemes and created 6.92 Lakh Ha 32

Current Status of AP

Demand Side Water Balance

 The total demand-supply gap across all sectors is estimated at 425 TMC.

Demand projections of water across sectors

 Expected increase from current 1030 TMC to 1500 TMC

 Agriculture – 992 TMC to 1373 TMC  Industrial Sector – 6 TMC to 62 TMC  Domestic Consumption – 32 TMC to 70 TMC

33

I.S.N Raju, M.Tech, B.L., M.B.A,M.Phil.,F.I.E. ChiefEngineer, (I&CAD), Central 35 Designs Organisation Government of Andhra The following major projects are constructed in post independence:

Sl.No Name of Project District Ayacut in acres 1 Vamsadhara project 1,48,000 stage-1(1977) 2 NarayanaPuram Srikakulam,Vizianagaram 37,053 Anicut(1960) 3 Thandava Visakhapatnam/E.G.Dt 51,465 resrevoir(1975) 4 Yeleru E.G.Dt 53,017 Reservoir(1990) 5 Thammileru W.G.Dt 16,947 Reservoir(1970) 6 Nagarjuna Krishna,Guntur,Prakasam,Nalgonda,Kham 21,57,000 sagar(1975) mam 7 Kurnool HEDam Dam(1984)

8 Somasila PSR 1,62,29 Dam(1989) 5 9. TBP HLC Stage ,,Kurnool I&II(1980) 2,34,59 3 10 TBP LLC(1960) Kurnool 1,73,62 7 11 Pulivendula Kadapa,Anantapur 59,996 Branch canal(2002) 12 S.R.B.C& Kurnool,Kadapa,Nalgonda 4,60,00 S.R.L.C (1994) 0 13 Ramathirtham Prakasam 72,874

14 Chagalnadu E.G.Dt. 20,538. LIS(2002) Sl.No Name of District Name of the medium Ayacut in acres Project(25000ac – 10000 ac.) 1 Srikakulam 1.Madduvalasa(2004) 24,700 2.Pydigam 5,187 2 Vizianagaram 3.Vengalaraya Sagaram 24,700 4.Vottigedda 16,670 5.Seethanagaram 4,118 6.Peddankalam 8,160 7.Vegavathi 4,500 8.Thatipudi 15,366 9.Andra(2003) 9,426 10.Denkada 8,172 11.Pedda Gedda(2007) 12,000 12.Janjavathi(Rubber-Dam)/2006 24,700 3 Visakhapatnam 13.Pedderu(2007) 19,969 14.Raiwada 15,366 15.Konam 12,638 16.Varaha reservoir 4,484 17.Megadrigedda Water Supply to VSP 18.GambhiramGedda 640 & DWS to VSP 4 East Godavari 19.Pampa reservoir 12,005 20.Subbareddy Sagar 9,822 21.Torrigedda LI scheme 13,758 22.K.V.Ramakrishna- 15,482 Surrampalem Reservoir 5 West Godavari 23.Yerrakalva reservoir 24,700 24.Jalleru Reservoir 4,200 25.Vijayarai Anicut 10,722 26.Kovvada Kalva 15,000 Reservoir 6 Prakasam 27.Rallapadu Reservoir 13,191 28.Mopadu Reservoir 8,040 29.Veeraragavunikota 5,555 Anicut 30. Bitra Gunta 7,262 anicut 31.Lower Upputeru 2,187 Anicut 7 P.S.R.Nellore 32.Kanpur Canal 18,865 33.Gandipalem Reservoir 16,000 34. 4,814 Barrage(2008) 8 Chittor 35.Swarnamukhi Anicut 10,200 36.Kalangi Reservoir 4,650 37.Mallimadugu Reservoir 3,950 38.Araniar Reservoir 5,550 39.Krishnapuram 6,125 Reservoir 2,884 40.Bahuda Reservoir 4,300 41.Pedderu Reservoir 225 42Siddalagandi scheme 9 Anantapur 43.Upper Pennar 10,048 44.Chennaraya Swamy 900 Gudi 45.Pennar Kumudvathi 6,522 46.BhairavaniThippa 12,000 47.Yogivemana(Maddileru 12,080 ) Reservoir 10 Y.S.R(Kadapa) 48.Lower 14,003 49.Upper Sagileru 5,646 50.Pincha Reservoir 3,776 51.Buggavanka Reservoir 9,700 52.Annamayya (Cheyyeru) Reservoir 22,500 53.Veligallu(2008) 24,000 11 Kurnool 54.S.S.R( Gajuladinne) 25,460 55.Varadaraja Swamy Gudi Scheme 13,220 List of Post Independence- Major Projects 1.Narayanapuram Anicut. 2)TBP LLC 3. Reservoir 4.Thandava am 5.Nagarjunsagar* 6.Gotta Barrage 7.TBP HLC. Stage-I&II. 8.* 9. 10.Yeleru Reservoir. 11.Pulivendula Branch canal 12.Chagalnadu LIS. 13.SRBC(AP) 14.RamaThirtha Sagaram (NSRC- Supplementation). * Joint Projects of AP&TS.

Major Irrigation Projects

Dist FRL Storage Ayacut

1. Srisailam Reservoir * Kurnool 269.75 M 263.63TMC 1,90,000 Ac. 2. Nagarjunasagar Project * Guntur, Nalagonda 179.83M 408.24TMC 21,000,00 Ac.

3. Sriram Sagar (SRSP) Karimnagar 332.536M 113.02TMC 9,69,000 Ac.

4. Somasila Project Nellore 100.580M 72.21TMC 2,75,000 Ac.

5. Gotta Barrage Srikakulam 38.10M 0.612TMC 1,48,230 Ac. (Vamsadhra Project stage 1)

Dr. I.S.N.Raju, M Tech., PhD.,F.I.E.,Former 44 44 Chief Engineer, I&CAD Dept. Major Irrigation Projects

Dist FRL Storage Ayacut

6. Mid Pennar Project Anantapur 365.750M 5.161TMC 84,100 acs

7. PABR Project Anantapur 443.000M 11.10TMC 50,000 acs

8. Godavari Barrage East Godavari 3.640M 3.00TMC 10,13,161 acs

9. Krishna 17.39M 3.071TMC 13,09,000 acs

10. Yeleru Reservoir East Godavari 56.56M 24.10TMC 53,017 acs

Dr Dr.I.S.N.Raju,MTech.,PhD.,F.I.E Former Chief Engineer, I&CAD Dept. 45 45 ONGOING/ Recently completed IRRIGATION PROJECTS FRL Storage Ayacut Project District in Mts. in TMC in acres 1 Bhupathipalem East Godavari + 204.000 0.490 23,086 2 Musurimilli East Godavari + 123.000 1.600 22,643 3 Pulichinthala Guntur + 53.340 45.770 -

4 Kadapa + 212.000 27.000 Dam Completed 5 Veligallu Kadapa + 420.000 1.600 26,000 6 Mylavaram Kadapa + 201.750 9.660 -

7 Gorakallu Kurnool + 261.000 12.450 Dam completed 8 Veligonda Prakasam + 244.000 32.500 439,000 Mahendra Tanaya 9 Offshore Srikakulam + 52.500 1.858 21,600 10 Hiramandalam Srikakulam + 67.056 19.359 150,000 11 Pedderu Visakhapatnam + 137.000 - 17,467 12 Peddagadda Vizianagaram + 213.800 0.130 12,000 13 Thotapalli Vizianagaram + 105.000 2.500 120,,000 Tarakarama Thirtha 14 sagaram Vizianagaram + 38.000 2.700 16,500 16 Kovvada kalva West Godavari + 90.500 0.910 17,739 46 Sri ISN Raju M tech.,MBA.,M Phil.,BL.,FIE Details of post independence major projects in A.P Nagarjuna Sagar(Joint Project): • Foundation stone laid by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru in 1955.Partial irrigation given in 1967 and extended irrigation facilities year after year. The ultimate benefitted ayacut is order of 21.5 lakh acres.

• Gross storage at FRL+590ft(179.83mts)being 408.8TMC,(Live-202).Also 960MW hydro- power generation also inbuilt.(TMC-Thousand Million Cft).

• Guntur,Prakasam,( Nalgonda,Khammam-TS), Krishna& West Godavari districts were getting benefitted. Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam(NSRSP)

• Basically a Hydro Power Project on with 770MW thro’ left and 900MW on right power houses. Storage at FRL+885ft(269.75) being 308TMC.Spillway crest gates erected in the year 1984. • Now it is a water hub of many irrigation projects viz., S.R.B.C;(S.L.B.C-Tunnel of TS), G.N.S.S; HNSS (LIS) Velugonda etc. projects by gravity. • Also is a water source for Lift Schemes viz., (Kalwakurti, HNSS-TS), Supplementation to KC canal. I.S.N Raju, M.Tech, B.L., M.B.A,M.Phil.,F.I.E. ChiefEngineer, (I&CAD), Central 50 Designs Organisation Government of Andhra Vamsadhara Phase-I, Gotta barrage.

• Gotta Barrage built across in Srikakulam dt and commissioned in 1977. • It serves an ayacut of 1,48,000 Ac. on left main canal of longest 104 km length contour canal which goes up to Palasa. • Under Stage-II, Phase-I a right canal from Gotta to serve 83,000 acres are presently getting benefitted. • Neradi Barrage on U/S and offshore Hiramandalam reservoir taken up for storage facility of 2.5 L Ac.and to add 20,000 acres under Stage-II, phase-II. Gotta Barrage

52 Sri ISN Raju M tech.,MBA.,M Phil.,BL.,FIE Yeleru Reservoir Project

• It is built across Yeleru river a tributary of Godavari in East Godavari Dt. • The storage at FRL +86.56 M is 24 TMC. • Basically it caters the needs of Water supply to Visakhapatnam and more specially to VSP. • Also the existing yeleru Open head channel ayacut is getting supplemented from reservoir. • When once the diversion of Godavari waters to Vizag is materialized through , additional new ayacut will be extended. • Now getting Supplementation from Purushottapatnam LIS from 2017. YELERU RESERVOIR

54 Somasila Project

• This Dam is built across in PSR . • The storage capacity at FRL +100.58 M is 78 TMC • It stabilizes the Pennar delta ayacut of 1.11 lakh acres. • Also new ayacut of 52,295 Ac. is contemplated. • It serves as a balancing reservoir in canal system for diverting 5TMC drinking water to apart irrigation in Nellore District. I.S.N Raju, M.Tech, B.L., M.B.A,M.Phil.,F.I.E. ChiefEngineer, (I&CAD), Central 56 Designs Organisation Government of Andhra FRL :+100.58 M Storage: 73.900 TMC

57 Sri ISN Raju M tech.,MBA.,M Phil.,BL.,FIE Telugu Ganga Project • A brain child of the then Chief Minister, Sri N.T.Rama Rao. • Water Source is Srisailam reservoir and Penna catchment to serve 5.83 lakh Ac. in Kurnool, YSR Kadapa, Chittor, PSR Nellore Districts. • Velugodu, S.P.V.B, Kandaleru and existing Somasila reservoirs are Off shore balancing reservoirs with total a storage of 180TMC for T.G.P system. • Inter links krishna-Penna rivers, serves 15TMC to Chennai city of Tamilnadu as per Bachavat award.

Kurnool-Kadapa Canal “Sunkesula Anicut”

• This Sunkesula anicut and K.C canal system was built in pre independence era initially for navigation and later converted as a irrigation system by French Govt, later Britishers took over . • It serves 2.64 lakh acres in Kurnool and Kadapa . • Century old anicut and canal system was modernized and new Thunga Bhadra Barrage came in it’s place with JBIC(Japan) assistance. • The FRL of barrage is +292 M and storage 1.2TMC.

Thunga Bhadra Project,Kurnool

TBP HLC and LLC

• The Thunga built jointly by Nizam and old Mysore state in . • But H L C stage I & II and L L C ayacut was developed in post independence. • HLC benefits 2.34 lakh Ac. In Anantapur, Kurnool and YSR Kadapa dists. • LLC benefits 1.73 lakh Ac. In Kurnool Dist. • These systems are life line for Rayaseema for irrigation as well as drinking water. Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage

• Sir Arthur Cotton, British Engineer treated as living god by Godavari delta farmers has built an anicut across Godavari in Dowlaiswaram in 19th century to save the area and people starving from drought/famine. • The century old anicut was replaced by new Barrage and named after of the Sir Cotton in 20th century. • This benefits a total ayacut of about 10 lakh Ac. equally in both Godavari Dts. • Earlier Anicut itself paved Inland Water Way from Kakinada to Chennai through Godavari canal system through Krishna Anicut near Bezawada in between& further thro’ Krishna delta Canal system. Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage

Prakasam Barrage

• Sir Arthur Cotton and Capt ORR are architects of pre independence krishna anicut. • The century old anicut was replaced by New barrage named after Sri T. Prakasam the then Chief Minister of Madras, Andhra stata. • The barrage serves Krishna and West Godavri Dts in Eastern Delta and Guntur, Prakasam Dists in Western Delta to an extent of 13 lakh Acres. 65 SALIENT FEATURES OF PRAKASAM BARRAGE

CATCHMENT AREA = 97,050 Sq.Miles. DISCHARGES: MAXIMUM = 10,60,830 Cusecs MINIMUM = 59,960 Cusecs MAX. FLOOD OBSERVED ON 7-10-1903 = 12,00,000 Cusecs DESIGN M.F.L. FOR THE REGULATOR = 22.13 M (72.60 Ft.) AFFLUX PROVIDED = 1.23M (4.05 Ft.) NO. OF MAIN REGULATOR VENTS & SIZE = 70 NOS.OF SIZE 12.19x3.66M(40’x12’)

66

KRISHNA BASIN PROJECTS

BHIMA LIFT KALWAKUTHI IRRIGATION LIFT IRRIGATION AMRP NAGARJUNASAGAR 20 TMC/2.03 L. Acres PRIYADARSHINI 25 TMC / 3.40 L Acres RESERVOIR 30 TMC / 2.70 L 20.91 L. Ac Acres. FRL +590’’ MDDL +510’ FRL : +1045’ / 1.022 L. Ac.

SRISAILAM Bhima

RESERVOIR

3.90 TMC/ 3.90 MDDL +854’ 50,250 Acres Acres 50,250 Km 0.00 Paleru Koil Sagar FRL +885’ Munneru 1440km POTHIREDDIPADU 1126Km 848Km 1211Km 526 Km 526Km 573Km REGULATOR 778 Km 778Km 1268 Km Km 1268 1311Km 1226 Km Km 1226 Sill +841’ / 857’ Km 1270 1026Km RIVER KRISHNA 917Km BAY Mahabaleswar Prakasam Barriage Sunkesula 13.08 Lakh Acres

178 Km Barriage 100 Km 152.20 TMC Almatti FRL FRL +175’ Narayanapur Narayanapur Dam Pulichintala Project Project Pulichintala Capacity 45.5’ TMC 45.5’ Capacity RDS NETTEMPADU LIFT IRRIGATION 20 TMC / 2.0 L. Acres VELIGONDA TB Dam Banakacherla Regulator PROJECT 875.34 ‘ FSL MDDL - 875’ 43.5 TMC / 4.38 lakh acre Andhra SRBC Velugodu Balancing Regulator (16.95 TMC) 19 TMC 1.9 L Acres Potuluri Veera Bramheswara BR (17.735 TMC) Escape Regulator Somasila Balancing Regulator (78 TMC) GNSS to Nippula Vagu 38 TMC (KC Canal) Kandaleru Balancing Regulator 68 TMC) Acres 2.6 L TGP 59 TMC /6.1422 L. 68 Ac. Krishna basin Plan

Godavari Basin Plan

I.S.N Raju, M.Tech, B.L., M.B.A,M.Phil.,F.I.E. ChiefEngineer, (I&CAD), Central Designs 72 Organisation Government of Andhra Pradesh,

Jalayagnam projects Taken Up in Erstwhile A.P

Jalayagnam in A.P: • A total of 26 major and 18 medium projects were taken up at cost of Rs.80,620 crores out of which 13 projects were completed and 14 projects were partially completed to benefit 20.00 lakh acres incurring an expenditure of Rs.50,000 crores

The status of projects taken up are as under:

Sl.N Name of Project District Ayacut in Remarks o acres AP:

1 1.Vamsadhara Stage- Srikakulam 1,07,280 Phase-I completed to II of Phase I&II benefit 80,000acs. Neradi barrage,HLM reservoir disputed by Odissa state. 2 2.Peddagedda Vizianagaram 12,000 Completed. Reservoir 3.Janjavathi project 24,700 Completed(rubberdam) 4.TharakaRama 24,700 Progress. thirtha sagaram 5.Thotapalli 1,24,000 head works completed Reservoir Partial irrigation to 60,000 acs. 6.Pedderu Reservoir Visakhapatna 17,467 Completed m 7.Puskaram L I scheme East Godavari 1,86,000 Head works completed, partial ayacut serving 8.Venkatanagaram L.I.S 36,000 Head works 9.Bhupatipalem 23,086 completed part reservoir 22,643 ayacut benefitted. 10.Musurumilli -do- reservoir 11.Surampalem 21,970 -do- Reservoir 12.Thatipudi LIS West Godavari 2,06,000 -do- 13.Kovvada Kalva 17,739 completed. 14.Indirasagaram 7,20,000 progress Polavaram 15.Pulichintala Scheme Krishna KDS completed stabilisation 7 16.Gundlakamma Prakasam 80,000 dam completed,part IP Reservoir 72,874 completed 17.Ramathirtha 4,38,000 progress sagar(NSRC) 18.Velugonda project 8 19.Somasila Dam PSR Nellore 95,000 Major ayacut benefits 20.Swarnamukhi Barrage 11,500 completed 9 21.Telugu Ganaga Kurnool,Kadapa 5,83,000 Major ayacut benefits , Chittor,Nellore 10 22.Gururaghavendra LIS Kurnool 17,500 Competed 23.G.N.S.S &kadapa,Chitto 3,33,000 Progress 24.H.N.S.S r 6,02,000 progress &Anantapur chittore 11 25.Veligallu Reservoir Kadapa 24,000 Completed 26.P.A.B.R Stage-II 50,000 progress I.S.N Raju, M.Tech, B.L., M.B.A,M.Phil.,F.I.E. ChiefEngineer, (I&CAD), Central 78 Designs Organisation Government of Andhra

PEDDERU RESERVOIR PROJECT OWK TUNNEL 81 82 Ramathirtha Sagar(NSS) –Prakasam Dt POLAVARAM PROJECT

84 Interlinking of Godavari-Krishna River

• Godavari-Krishna River link in AP State:

• The Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal (GWDT) had allocated 80 TMC of water to Krishna river basin States on taking up Polavaram Project.

• Polavaram project links both Godavari and Krishna Rivers to divert 80 TMC water to Krishna River with in erstwhile Andhra Pradesh State (now exclusively falls in new AP).

• In new allotment of 80 TMC in Krishna river , the erstwhile AP sate gets 45 TMC and rest to be shared between and Karnataka at 15.25 TMC each.

• The present AP state visualized the likely time lag of 3-4 years to complete Polavaram project and for early gains, taken up completed Pattiseema Lift irrigation Scheme on downstream of present Polavaram dam head works to lift water of 8000 cusecs to Polavaram left main canal which is in its advanced stage of construction at a cost of Rs.1300 crores. Polavaram Project: Salient Features

1. FRL +45.72M (+150ft) 2. MDDL +41.15M(+135 ft) 3. Spillway crest +25.72 M(+84.39ft) 4. Length of Spillway +1128.40M(including NOF) 5. No Of Radial Gates 48 Nos of 16 M X 20M

6. Earth Cum Rockfill Dam: a. Height 48.00M b. Length 2454.00M

7. Gross Storage :194.6 TMC (5.510 TM Cum) 8. Live Storage :75.20 TMC (2.219 TM Cum) 9. Utilization :273.0 TMC (7.730 TM Cum)

86 Polavaram Project: Salient Features

10. Design Flood :36.00 Lakh Cusecs (1.02 lakh Cumecs)

11. Probable max Flood :50.00 Lakh Cusecs (1.40 lakh Cumecs)

12. Right Main Canal :174.00KM (1.29 Lakh Ha)

13. Left Main Canal :181.00KM (1.62 Lakh Ha)

14. Hydro Power :960 MW (12 X 80 MW)

15. Inter Basin Transfer to Krishna:80 TMC ( AP Share-45TMC)

16. Water Suplly to Vishakaptnam : 23.44 TMC

17. Drinking water : 28.5 Lakh Population ( 540 Villages)

18. Stabilisation of Godavari Delta: 10.13 Lakh Acres

19. Source to Indira Sagar LIS : 1.33 Lakh Acres

87 88 Dam work in Progress (53%completed)

Water Resources Department

Polavaram Irrigation Project On Godavari U/S Rajahmundry Polavaram Irrigation Project

Life line of Andhra Pradesh

Water Resources Department

Progress During Weekly Review of Polavaram 20th Aug – 26th Aug Project 2018 Dt. 27th AUG 2018 2 5 Expenditure & Revised estimate – Comparative Reimbursement Statement: Cost as per Rs.Cost in Crores as per Rs. in Sl. Reimbursement Details Description 2010-11 2013-14 price no. Crores price level level Total Expenditure incurred up to 14,566.06 1 LA and R&R 2,934.42 33,225.74 25.08.18 2 Head works 6,600.56 11,388.37 Expenditure incurred after declaration as National Project up 9,430.19 3 Right main canal 2,135.08 4,476.96 to 25.08.2018 4 Left main canal 1,471.99 4,644.13 Amount Reimbursed to the 5 Power house 2,868.40 4,205.66 Government of Andhra Pradesh by 6,727.26 Total 16,010.45 57,940.86 PPA AmountBILLS to be SUBMITTED Reimbursed TO BILLS2,702.93 TO BE Availability of irrigation Component PPA SUBMITTED TO PPA 2018-19 (up 2018-19 Item S.N RS. IN 2017-18 to 2017-18 (up to ITEM Name 25.08.2018) 25.08.2018) O CRORES No. Amoun No. No. Amou No. Amou Amoun Irrigation component at 2010-11 price of t of of nt of nt in 1 12,294.4 t in Cr level bills in Cr bills bills in Cr bills Cr Works, Expenditure prior to declaration as Buildin 1526.2 2 National Project as per GoI (MoWR) 5,135.87 gs and 534 105 711.19 0 0.00 10 81.77 4 cabinet note WC Balance liability of Irrigation Component Estt 3 after declaration of National Project as on 7,158.53 LA and 564 2140.16 140 171.25 11 41.21 53 185.34 01.04.2014 (Rs.12294.40 - 5135.87) R&R Total amount reimbursed by GOI after the MH800 4 6,727.26 300 121.414 1832 31.29 0 0.00 0 0.00 project is declared as National Project Estt BalanceWater availability Resources of Irrigation TOTA 139 3787.8 913.7 267.1 5 431.27 2077 11 41.21 63 ComponentDept., for reimbursement L 8 14 3 21 Govt. of Andhra Polavaram Irrigation Project - Lifeline of 3 Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Information, Education & Communication Awareness Programme for Farmers and Students on visit to

Visitors from Polavaram Irrigation Project S.No This week's GRAND District 23rd Apr. to 19th 20-Aug 21-Aug 22-Aug 23-Aug 24-Aug 25-Aug 26-Aug . Total Visitors TOTAL Aug'18 1 Amaravathi 276 ------276

2 Ananthapuram 1456 ------1456

3 Chittoor 875 ------875

4 East Godavari 1649 ------1649

5 Guntur 17148 ------17148

6 Kadapa 1194 ------1194

7 Krishna 49172 ------49172

8 Kurnool 2008 ------2008

9 Nellore 1473 ------1473

10 Prakasam 3196 ------3196

11 Srikakulam 3042 ------3042

12 Visakhapatnam 2058 ------2058

13 Vizianagaram 2370 ------2370

14 West Godavari 11561 ------11561 Others ( Self 15 visitors & 2122 ------2122 Students etc)

TOTAL 99600 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 99600

Water Resources Dept., 2 Govt. of Andhra Polavaram Irrigation Project - Lifeline of 4 Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Excavation Status Left flank

Godavari River U/S Coffer dam Coffer U/S

PERCENTAGE COMPLETION Compone Target nt completion Total Complet Balance Legend date Qty ed Complet ed 902 Hill 31.12.2018 1115.59 862.21 253.38 Critical Bal Spill ch. 31.12.2018 L cum L Cum L Cum Non App. Ch. 31-12-2018 critical Pilot Ch. 31-12-2018 Water Resources Dept., Polavaram Irrigation Project - Lifeline of Andhra 5 Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Pradesh PROJECT PROGRESS STATUS Main Dam Components: Total % Previous This EXCAVATION for Spillway, Spill Channel, Sno Description end of • week week Approach Channel, Pilot Channel & Left this week Flank : 862.21 lakh cum completed out of total 1115.59 lakh Cum (77.30%). 57.57 0.14 57.71 Overall Project % % % • CONCRETING for Spillway, Stilling Basin & Spill Channel : 12.70 lakh cum (including 1 Head works 44.42% 0.15% 44.57% 1.65 L Cum of crevices filling) completed 1.1 Main Dam Package 43.09% 0.16% 43.25% out of 36.79 lakh Cum (34.50%).

Excavation • RADIAL GATES fabrication : 11,122 MT

A (Spillway, Spill Channel, 77.10% 0.20% 77.30% completed out of 18000 MT (61.80%). 1.1. Approach Channel, Pilot Chanel & Left Flank) • DIAPHRAGM WALL concreting : 1396.6 m Concrete completed out of 1396.6 m (100%). (Spillway, Stilling Basin & 1.1. B 34.20% 0.30% 34.50% spill Channel including • JET GROUTING CUTOFF’S for Coffer Dams Crevices filling) : 3266 m completed out of 3467 m ( Radial Gates 1.1. C 61.77% 0.03% 61.80% 94.20%) Fabrication

Diaphragm Wall • CONNECTIVITIES : 58.76% of work 1.1. D ( length as per site 100% - 100% completed. conditions-1397m) Left Connectivities : 47.27% Completed Jet Grouting 1.1. E 94.20% - 94.20% Right Connectivities : 71.77 % Completed cut off for Coffer Dams Connectivity • RIGHT MAIN CANAL : Excavation 1.2 58.70% 0.06% 58.76% Packages completed for total length of 177.9 Km (100%), Lining completed for 149.395 KM A Left Connectivities 47.16% 0.11% 47.27% 1.2. out of 176.20 Km (84.8%). Structures 185 completed out of 255 Nos. B Right Connectivities 71.77% - 71.77% 1.2. • LEFT MAIN CANAL : Excavation Water Resources Dept., 2 Right main canal 90.00%Polavaram - Irrigation 90.00% Project - completedLifeline of for Andhra 179.948 Km out of 210.927 Govt. of Andhra Pradesh 2 Pradesh Km (85.31%), Lining completed for 3 Left main canal 62.98% 0.22% 63.20% RADIAL GATES – SPECIFICATIONS Details Specifications 1. Number of 48 nos Radial Gates 2. Size of Gate 16 x 20 m 3. Type of Hoist Hydraulic Hoist system 4. Type of Pre-stressed Cable Anchorage anchorage

5. Sill level of Gate +25.185m 6. Gate operating 0.5 m/minute speed (hoist speed)

0.6 m/minute (lowering speed)

7. Level of C/L of +35.50 m Trunion Water Resources Dept., Polavaram Irrigation Project - 1 Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Lifeline of Andhra Pradesh 4 Details of Concrete works Name of Total Executed Balance Present Stage of work Component Quantity Quantity Quantity (L. Cum) ( L. Cum) ( L. Cum) Spillway 11.61 2.27 9.34 39 Blocks are tackled out of 53 nos. 24 Piers are tackled out of 47. End walls/Abutments (two nos) are not tackled.

Stilling Basin 4.43 0.90 3.53 91 nos of Stilling basin ( 21.5x21.5 x 2.5m) are tackled out of 245 nos.

Spill Channel 18.00 - 18.00 Designs are under finalization. 3-D Model studies results are required for finalizing the Designs. 3-D Model studies will be completed by end of Oct. 2017.

Total 34.04 3.17 30.87

97 DETAILS OF MAN POWER AT SITE

Agency Technical Non-Technical Total

M/s Transstroy 706 2165 2871

M/s Thriveni Earth 338 414 752 Movers (P) Ltd

M/s Bauer – L&T 41 34 75

M/s BEKEM 60 177 237

TOTAL 1145 2790 3935

98 Water Resources Department Government of Andhra Pradesh Polavaram- link

Polavaram

Vijayawada

Length of Link Transfer @ Starting Enroute Utilisation Transfer @ end Ayacut (Ha) (Km) of Link (TMC) (TMC) of Link (TMC) 174 188 144 44 139740 PATTISEEMA LIFT SCHEME

• Total discharge : 240 Cumecs (8500cusecs) • Minimum water Level : +14.00 m • Delivery level... : + 42.50 m • Types of pumps : VERTICALTURBILNE PUMPS • No of Pumps : 24 Nos • Discharge of each pump : 10Cumecs (354 Cusecs) • Pressure main.. :12 Rows of 3.2 mts Dia 18mm thick • Length of pressure main : 3.925 Km(Each Row) • Capacity of each pump :5300 H.P(3.95MW) • Capacity of each Motor :6300HP(4.70MW) • Total power required. : 113 MW • Janjavati Reservoir is an interstate medium irrigation project held up due to dispute with neighboring Orissa state as submersion will be in Orissa. • The issue couldn’t be resolved since over 30 years. Under Jalayagnam an alternate Rubber dam at a cost Rs.5 crores is built in the river portion to avoid submersion for the time being and water is getting lifted in to canal with the water level built up by Rubber dam. • When ever the interstate issue is resolved the balance dam construction can go ahead to impound reservoir and canals flow by gravity. • The Rubber Dam will serve till such time and irrigate 24700 acres and benefit the farmers and agriculture production. Later this rubber dam can used else where. • Two rubber Dams also built on in near museum and High court in old city by GHMC under city development programme. Rubber Dam

JANJHAVATI RESERVOIR- RUBBER DAM VASIREDDY KRISHNA MURTHY NAIDU JANJHAVATHI RESERVOIR PROJECT

LEFT EARTH BUND (RAISING137.20M TO 149.20M) SPILLWAY (gages to be fixed) (89.50M) ONGOING Cap. 4.00 TMC Completed HILL RIVER GAP (RAISING FROM 119M TO 122.5 M + 3M Rubber Dam)

JANJHAVATHI RIVER

LOW LEVEL CANAL 15.45 KM 27.15 Km RESERVOIR RESERVOIR RIGHT HEAD REQULATOR 11.06 RIGHT EARTH Km DAM (NOF)

RIGHT EARTH BUND 3.15KM Distributory Distributory systemDistributory High Level Canal High Level system 27.50 Km

Ayacut Contemplated : 6162 acres (New ) 18478 acres (Stab) IP Created up to 2014-15 : 5900 acres (New) 14489 acres (Stab) IP proposed to be created during 2016-17 : 262 Acres(New) 103103 3989 Acres(stab) 103 North Coast Major & Medium Ongoing Projects

Details Srikakulam Vizianagaram Viskhakapatnam Total Major 3.68L Ac. 0.847 L Ac. 2.505L Ac. 7.032L Ac. Medium 1.04 1.638 0.530 3.208 Minor 3.55 2.618 2.893 9.061 Other 0.32 0.073 0.075 0.468 Total 8.59 5.176 6.003 19.769 Contemplated IP so far 7.03 3.767 3.724 14.511 created Balance IP to 1.57 1.409 2.279 5.258 be created. B.R.R. VAMSADHARA PROJECT (STAGE-II, PHASE II)

FLOOD FLOW CANAL ONGOING GOTTA COMPLETED BARRAGE VAMSADHARA RIVER

Surplus Canal 1.001 km 0/0 FFC (Hiramandalam Reservoir to Right Main Canal SIDE WEIR Vamsadhara River) Link Canal 0.391 km (300M) 6400 / 8000 C/s Stage – II, Phase – II (Hiramandalam KATRAGADA Reservoir to RMC) (V) FLOOD FLOW CANAL (Model studies at CWPRS, KM 13.447/14.205 33.704 Km are under HEAD progress) REGULATOR and SINGIDI BALANCING SILT EXCLUDER RESERVOIR PARAPURAM HIRAMANDALAM (Linked with side (Cap : 0.069 TMC) BALANCING weir) RESERVOIR RESERVOIR 19.05 TMC FFC (33.704 Km) (Cap: 0.404TMC) Ayacut 20,000 Acres

Package 87 Package 88 Pkg. OC-HIRAMANDALAM RESERVOIR

1. Irrigation Potential : 45,000 Acres (RMC- 20,000 Acres, FFC – 20,000 Acres & High level canal – 5000 Acres)

2. I.P. created during 2007-08 : 20,000 Acres 3. Balance I.P. proposed to be created : 25,000 Acres 4. Mandals benefited : 9 Nos 105105 5. Villages benefited : 225 Nos 105 Distributaries

Head Regulator

Flood Flow Canal Left Main Canal , 42 Km 13.525 km length length, Ayacut 12500 Ac. 1200 cusecs Spillway

Earth Dam 1.761tmc Mahendratanaya Regulapadu Regulapadu Reservoiur Right Main Canal ,22.50 Km length, Offtake point of +52.50MFRL Mahendratanaya Ayacut 12,100 Ac.

Estimated cost of Scheme 127.00 Crores Ayacut Contemplated 24600 Acres Crop Water Requirement 1.947 TMC Head works of the scheme 1.Regullator at River near Chapara village Distributaries 2.Flood Flow canal 3.Reservoir at Regulapadu No.of Villages Benifited 108 villages in Nandigam,Meliaputti,Palasa, Tekkali Mandals

106 106 No. of villages under submergence : 8 Nos. EXISTING LEFT EARTH DAM (Completed) No. of villages under submergence at +FRL: 10 Nos. COMPLETED TOTAL : 18 LEFT HEAD SLUICE Nos. ONGOING RESERVOIR RIVER GAP FRL +105.00M TO BE TAKENUP CAPACITY 2.52 TMC LEFT LINK CHANNEL (COMPLETED) GIJABA +103.00 M 4.050 EXISTING LEFT CANAL km 500M 4.100 BANTUVANIVALASA GADABAVALASA H/O + 100.00 M MARKONDAPUTTI km Spillway (completed) EXISTING REGULATOR CHINNAPUDORAVALASA + 99.00 M + 99.00 M NAVIRI +98.00 M EXISTING RIGHT CANAL GADABAVALASA H/O 4.500 Railway crossing KOTAVANIVALASA GADABAVALASkm + 100.00 M A H/O NAVIRI @ 115.525 KM +99.00 M KOTAVANIVALASA + 102.00 M Right Head Sluice EPC pkg1 RIGHT MAIN CANAL EPC pkg2 – 1,20,000 Ac.

EPC PKG1 52.45/48.88 KM

17.575 KM 17.575 Railway crossing 37.750 KM 37.750 Right Earth Dam (8.425 KM) completed @ 88.045 KM 117.89 KM PROJECT PROFILE Location : 12 KM to Parvathipuram Source : River Nagavali Water Utilization : 15.895 TMC Ayacut : 1,20,000 Acres (New) : 64,000 Acres (Existing) Estimated Cost : Rs774.90 Crores Date of Agreement : 25.10.2004

107107 107 TARAKARAMA THIRTHA SAGARAM PROJECT FLOW DIAGRAM

Korada Agraharam (Foreshore village Left Afflux Bund Diversion Canal HP’s approved up

to KM 6.30 TUNNEL KM 1.50 6.00 m KUMILIKUMILI 9924 Acres

dia RESERVOIRRESERVOIRR

KUMILI KM 2.50 DIVERSION CANAL(FFC) 1.883 T.M.C RESERVOI 12.25 KM Long 1.50 KM 1.883(1.883TMC) TMC Completed On going BARRAGE BARRAGE

Right Afflux Bund To be taken up Denkada Anicut Denkada Anicut Canal Link Canal

Target Date of Completion : 03/2014 Works are in slow progress IP to be created during 2014-15 : 24710 Acres 108108 108 GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

NEERU PRAGATI Water Resources in A.P.  Andhra Pradesh state is covered by different Hydro Meteorological conditions.

 The rain fall in the state varies from 540 MM in Anantapuramu to more than 1200 MM in North Costal districts with average annual rainfall of 940 MM. Rainfall is erratic and not uniformly distributed.

 Drought is recurring phenomena in the state.

110 NEERU PRAGATI- ‘a campaign to make A.P. drought proof’

Main Objectives  To make the state drought proof through water conservation, taking into account the total rainfall, surface flow, and groundwater resources.

 To reduce the gap Ayacut by 50% in the next 5 years by increasing water availability and improving water use efficiency (efficient water management)

 To increase the green cover from 23% to 33%

 To keep the ground water levels in the safe range of 3-8 mts. in the state to avoid environmental imbalance and also to save energy for pumping ground water 3

Drought proofing with Water Conservation Mission(NEERU-CHETTU)

The Vision of the Hon’ble Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh is to ‘drought proof’ the state within 5 years  The Mission is to eradicate poverty and reduce economic inequalities by better water conservation and sustainable management.  The Objective of the 7 Missions set up is poverty alleviation. DEPARTMENTAL CONVERGENCE

Water Conserving Departments – Water Utilizing Departments – Supply side management Demand side management

I & CAD I & CAD

112 Neeru Chettu

Neeru Chettu sub-Mission

THE CONTEXT

. The Hon’ble Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh desires to make the state drought proof. . PRIMARY SECTOR MISSION is one of the seven missions constituted by the GoAP for invigorating the growth engines to alleviate poverty.

. NEERU CHETTU (Water Conservation) is a sub-MISSION of the Primary Sector Mission.

Water Resources Department 2 NEERU CHETTU objective is to :

 Provide adequate water to irrigation for sustainable improvement of lively hoods of farmers, providing water for drinking, industries and for other needs.

 Drought mitigation during dry spells

 Bridging gap ayacut in Major, Medium and Minor Irrigation projects

 Improving ground water levels in over exploited areas of the state through various measures

 Increasing overall green cover in the state and ensure 33% of forest cover against the current forest cover of 25% to overcome environmental pollution and also to combat consequences of future climate change.

114 Neeru Chettu

 IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES TO BE UNDERTAKEN  Inventory of existing water harvesting structures and repairs needed.

 Restoration of major, medium and minor irrigation systems (repair of breach to structures and supply channels, de-silting of tanks).

 Participatory Hydrological Monitoring (surface and groundwater) for community water audit and crop water budgeting.

Water Resources Department 4 Neeru Chettu INTRODUCTION :

 TWO ASPECTS OF THE MISSION ARE:  WATER CONSERVATION : which would take into account the total rainfall, surface flow and the ground water and prepare a plan to make its optimum use by preventing wastage into the sea. The approach has to be from the ridge to the valley and the major departments to be involved in this exercise should be Irrigation, Forest, Rural Development and Ground Water.

 WATER MANAGEMENT : which would require making most efficient use of the conserved water for various sectors of state economy and the major departments involved in this exercise, would be agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, Fisheries, Rural and Urban Water Supply etc.

Water Resources Department 4 Neeru – Chettu

 The Government of Andhra Pradesh has taken up Neeru - Chettu Sub – Mission under Primary Sector Mission with a vision to make the state Drought Proof

 Neeru – Chettu brings inter Departmental Convergence activity among

Water Conserving Departments like  Water Resources Department  Rural Development  Forest  APSAC

Water utilizing Departments like  Agriculture  Horticulture  Fisheries  RWS  Municipal Administration  Urban Development Departments.

117 It is necessary to capture every rain drop where it falls.

In this direction Rural development, Forest, Panchayat Raj, Water Resource departments are taking various water conservation works under Neeru -Chettu through:

Cascade development Repairs Renovation De-silting of tanks

By convergence with NREGA by utilizing State and Central Government funds These works envisages Strengthening of bunds Repairs to supply channels Weirs Sluices Distributary system.

118 Neeru Chettu Objective

Neeru Chettu is interdepartmental convergence activity among “water conserving departments viz., Irrigation, Rural Development, Ground water, Forest, APSAC and water utilizing departments viz., Agriculture, Horticulture, Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, RWS, Municipal Administration and Urban Development”.

 The present ground water table has gone below 14.18 Mts in the state which is an alarming situation and drought prone.

 As a remedial measure to improve the ground water table between 3 -8 Mts, water conservation works are to be initiated immediately.

Water Resources Department 5 NEERU CHETTU

120 NEERU CHETTU

121 Innovative practices under NERU CHETTU programme

 A time bound plan is prepared and implemented for ridge to valley treatment of basins.  Working in convergence mode by forest, rural development, irrigation and ground water departments towards implementation of this plan  Involving people and public representatives.  Effective water management for better use of conserved water.  Collaborative efforts by the line departments of Agriculture, Animal husbandry, Horticulture, Fisheries, Rural and Urban Water Supply.

 Ensuring ground water levels in the safe range of 3 to 8 meters in the state through a series of measures which include Interlinking of rivers; water grid; cascade development of tanks; construction of series of check dams and Panta Sanjeevini (farm ponds). 122 Institutional arrangements:

 Government constituted 7 missions to focus on the activities / projects which are critical for the social and economic growth of the State and require inter- departmental coordination.

 Government constituted the group of Ministers to finalize the guidelines for implementation of the Nerru- Chettu programme.

 Water Resources Department issued guidelines on Water Conservation (Neeru- Chettu) Sub Mission.

 In order to operationalize the guidelines on Neeru-Chettu, an Executive Committee is setup with Hon’ble Minister, Water Resources Department as Chairman and the Principal Secretary, I&CAD Department as the Coordinator. The Engineer-in-Chief (I) is made member convener of the above Committee to coordinate with all the line Departments including APSAC for framing policies, decision making, strategizing and monitoring the implementation of the Neeru- Chettu Programme.

123

 Chief Engineer is appointed as Implementing Officer for each District for effective implementation of Neeru- Chettu in that District.

 Superintending Engineer from Water Resources Department. is appointed as Nodal Officer for each District for effective implementation of Neeru- Chettu .  Executive Engineer from Water Resources Department is appointed as Divisional Officer for each Division for effective implementation of Neeru- Chettu.

 Dy. Executive Engineer of Water Resources Department is appointed as constituency Officer and one AEE / AE is appointed as Mandal Officer for effective implementation of Neeru- Chettu and monitoring the de-silting works.

 Mandal Team comprising the members viz., Thahasidar, MPDO, Forest Range Officer, Agriculture Officer, Fisheries and Horticulture Officers and VRO with the Mandal Officer (AEE/AE) as convener is also formed for identification and grounding of de-silting works under Neeru -Chettu duly visiting the conducting the Grama sabhas.

124 Important activities to be undertaken under the Neeru-Chettu sub-Mission:

.Inventory of existing water harvesting structures and repairs needed. .Construct new water harvesting structures using remote sensing technology. .Construction of targeted recharge structures (roof water harvesting, artificial recharge of aquifers and defunct wells). .Restoration of major, medium and minor irrigation systems (repair of breach to structures and supply channels, desilting of tanks). .Participatory Hydrological Monitoring (surface and groundwater) for community water audit and crop water budgeting. .Promote sustainable water use by improved Irrigation and Agricultural practices.

125 NEERU PRAGATI- Contributing Departments

Minor Irrigation

Major Irrigation Horticulture

Neeru- Pragati

Forest Agriculture

Rural Development

7 Neeru Chettu-Water Conserving Departments WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT: i) Completion of 7 No’s of prioritized Major Irrigation Projects viz., vamshadhara Phase-II, Stage-II, Thotapally Project, Polavaram RMC & Paatiseema LI Scheme, Gundlakamma, Veligonda, GNSS Stage-I,HNSS. ii) Completion of 22 No of Medium Irrigation Projects under JICA ii) Minor Irrigation Sources viz., Formation of new tanks, Repairs & Renovation of Tanks, De-silting of tanks, linking and improvements and Restoration of cascades, construction of series of Check Dams

RURAL DEVELOPMENT: i) Rural Employment guarantee scheme : De silting of Tanks,Water harvesting Structures, Soil Moisture. Conservation Works, chettu. ii) Watershed management Programme : Water harvesting Structures, Soil Moisture Conservation Works, chettu. Water Resources Department 6 Neeru Chettu / Neeru Pragathi

FOREST DEPARTMENT: i) Neeru : Continuous Contour Trenches, Elephant Proof Tench / WAT, Percolation Tanks, Check Dam. ii) Chettu : Development of nurseries, Avenue Plantation, Block Plantation, Tending / Cultural operations, Fire Tracing operations, Advance operations GROUND WATER DEPARTMENT: i) Neeru : recharge of Ground water, Village wise water Budgeting, impact assessment

AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT: i) Enhancement in agricultural productivity ; On filed water regulation, Soil test based recommendation of fertilizers, introduction of high yield variety. Effective extension reach ; Polam Pilusthundi, Chandranna rythu Skhetram HORTICULTURE DEPARTMENT: i) Neeru : AP Micro Irrigation project ; Drip Irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation, Mobile sprinkler Irrigation ii) Chettu : Production of Plant material ; Fruit bearing plants

Water Resources Department 7 NEERU-PRAGATI PROGRAMME Department wise initiatives Minor Irrigation . De-Silting, restoration and jungle clearance of Minor Irrigation Tanks . Strengthening of tank bund and filling of low lying colonies areas with the silt generated from de-silting of tanks. . Development of farm tanks, check dams and cascades . De-silting of feeder channels, Supply channels and irrigation Channels.

FOREST DEPARTMENT: . Continuous Contour Trenches, Elephant Proof Trench / WAT, Percolation Tanks, Check Dam.

. Development of nurseries, Avenue Plantation, Block Plantation, Tending / Cultural operations, Fire Tracing operations, Advance operations 8 NEERU-PRAGATI PROGRAMME Department wise initiatives

AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT: • Enhancement in agricultural productivity; On field water regulation, Soil test based recommendation of fertilizers, introduction of high yield variety. Effective extension reach ; Polam Pilusthundi, Chandranna rythu Skhetram • Lining of farm ponds and recharge of bore wells

HORTICULTURE DEPT. . Neeru : AP Micro Irrigation project ; Drip Irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation, Mobile sprinkler Irrigation, farm ponds . Chettu : Production of Plant material ; Fruit bearing plants 9 NEERU-PRAGATI PROGRAMME Department wise initiatives

RURAL DEVELOPMENT:

. Watershed management Programme : Water harvesting Structures, Soil Moisture Conservation Works, chettu

. Development / improvement of Check dams / percolation tanks / MI tanks, farm ponds

Implementation through MGNREGS . Comprehensive water conservation works taken up in all 88 Mission Water Conservation Blocks comprising of 1521 GPs. . Desilting of 36,000 existing check dams and construction of new Check Dams -11,600 no. . Roof water harvesting structures in public institutions . Bore well recharge structures in Drinking 10 water transported GPs Neeru Chettu

Reasons for Gap Ayacut • Decrease in inflows to the tank due to inadequate rainfall, upstream obstructions, poor conditions of feeder channels. • Decrease in storage due to silting, encroachment, weeds etc. • Deterioration of physical system: Eg. Breaches in bund, poor condition of bund with unstable slopes, non-uniform TBL, improper condition of surplus systems. Defunct or inadequate functioning of sluices. • Poor Canal System for want of maintenance. • Poor water use efficiency due to mono cropping of water intensive crops, improper distribution and scheduling of water to cover the entire ayacut.

Water Resources Department 5 Neeru Chettu Activities are being taken up under Neeru Chettu  De silting of Minor Irrigation Tanks  Strengthening of Tank Bunds  Jungle Clearance of Tank bunds and fore shore area  Repairs/Reconstruction of sluices  Repairs/Reconstruction of Weirs  De silting of Irrigation Channels , Supply Channels and Feeder Channels  De silting of Canals and drains of Major and Medium Projects  Excavation of Farm Ponds  Repairs/Construction of Check Dams across Major, Medium and Minor Streams  Development of Cascades

Water Resources Department 6

Neeru Chettu - Cascade Development

Due to erratic rainfall conditions there will be deficiency in the yield in the Cascades.

It is necessary to supplement the water to the Cascades from Cascades having surplus yield, Natural sources, and Existing canal network pertains to various projects.

The available yield under Basins, Sub-Basins and Cascades and Number of Cascades were Identified.

 It is proposed to link all the Cascades with the Major canal network system and Local River/Streams to supplement the assured water to all the Rain fed tanks for which it is proposed to take up

Water Resources Department 12 Cascade Name : Donemadugu cheruvu to patnam peddacheruvu District : Chittoor , Mandal : Thavanampalli

Basin : Palar PUNYASAMUDRAM CHERUVU AYACUT : 204.7 AC 7 DONEMADUGU CHERUVU CAPACITY :21.5 MCFT AYACUT : 64.20 AC CAPACITY :6.80MCFT 1650 m 1 1200 m

MOGILI CHERUVU AYACUT : 42 AC 6 CAPACITY :3.15 MCFT 1600 m 8

GALAVANI CHERUVU 2200 m 2 AYACUT : 18 AC PATNAM CHERUVU CAPACITY : 8.1 MCFT 4 5 AYACUT : 157.54 AC 230 CAPACITY : 16.2 MCFT m 250 m 1200 m PONNEDUPALLI CHERUVU Completed T.PUTTUR CHERUVU AYACUT : 42 AC 3 MODULAPALLI CHERUVU AYACUT : 57.8 AC Progress CAPACITY : 3.8 MCFT CAPACITY : 6.8 MCFT AYACUT : 81 AC CAPACITY :9.57 MCFT

Total Ayacut under the cascade : 668 Ac

Existing Ayacut : 600 Ac

Gap Ayacut to be Bridged : 68 Ac 13 NEERU-PRAGATI Achievement : 2015-16 , 2016-17 and 2017-18

Activities Unit 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 De silting of Tanks Cr. Cum 18.2 29.07 1.042 Total No of Cascades developed Nos. 1022 1 Check Dams and Percolation 28244 Nos. 4809 657 Tanks Repaired Farm Ponds Nos. 25029 316144 31858 Other harvesting structures Nos. 82984 353885 40211 Total Ayacut Stabilised Acres 140046 225871 154

In Cr. Year 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Total Expenditure 3171 4623 340

7 NEERU-PRAGATI- Minor irrigation works Expenditure details: 2015-16 & 2016-17

Minor irrigation expenditure In Cr. Year 2015-16 2016-17 Total Expenditure 497 1217

District wise expenditure- 2015-16 & 2016-17 200 190 2015-16 2016-17 180 169 160 147 140 119 109 110 120 100 100 87 76 80 65 71 68 66 55 60 47 4844 40 22 24 28 28 16 11 20 5 6 2 0

8 NEERU-PRAGATI Minor irrigation works- Work Award process- 2015-16 & 2016-17 In Cr. Expenditure break up- 2016-17 Expenditure break up- 2016-17 56 2 72 4

438 1141

Nomination Basis Tender (10-50 L) Nomination Basis Tender (10-50 L) Tender (>50 L) Tender (>50 L)

. 88% of the works were allotted on . 94% of the works were allotted on nomination nomination basis basis

. 52% of the expenditure was shared by . 40% of the expenditure was shared by Chittor, Prakasam and SPSR Nellore Srikakulam, Krishna and Ananthpur 9 Key issues & Challenges

 Availability of water

 Demand Supply Gap

 Quality of Water

 Natural Disasters

 Governance of Water Availability(Surface Water and Ground Water)

 Out of an estimated availability of 1991 TMC in the State through its 40 rivers, 860 TMC is available through Godavari and 680 TMC from Krishna River

 As the Krishna river forms one boundary between AP and Telangana, the division of the State has also divided the utilities on either side of the Krishna River.

 The liberties to draw water as per demand would be curtailed once the two important reservoirs Srisailam and NSP go under the control of the River Boards constituted under the Act.

 The scope for further utilization of Ground Water is only 10% of the available potential. After taking environmental needs into consideration, there remains a negative balance of the groundwater resource and there is urgent need to rationalize its use and take steps for its conservation through demand management. 139 Key issues & Challenges

Demand Supply Gap Rural Supply

 As per the norms set by the Government of India, rural water supply should be a minimum of 55 lpcd, however, the actual supply is at 35 lpcd

 The total existing demand-supply gap in rural water supply is 686.08 MLD Urban supply

 The existing demand-supply gap urban water is 889.56 MLD

Industrial Supply

 The total demand for industrial water is currently 6.49 TMC against the supply of 5.96 TMC

 There is no significant reuse and recycling of water in the industries of AP Agriculture supply

 96% of the available water is supplied for irrigation purposes.

 With some demand being met by rainfall, purely by empirical calculations, the demand supply gap works out to be 404 TMC 140 Key issues & Challenges Quality of Water

 Currently almost 2% of habitations are suffering from geogenic contamination in the water.

 No. of habitations affected by flouride contamination is high in the state.

 In Urban areas, the primary reason for pollution is discharge of untreated water into the water bodies.

 Due to quarrying, water resources get eroded due to infiltration.

Natural Disasters Droughts

 Out of the total 671 mandals, 34 mandals are severely drought prone, 353 mandals are critically drought prone and 284 mandals are semi- critically drought prone. i.e., 68% of the mandals are critically or severely drought prone in AP which is alarming situation Floods

 Because of being a Riverine State, Andhra Pradesh is vulnerable to floods which cause severe loss of life and property 141 141 141 Strategic Interventions

• At an aggregate level, there is a demand gap of almost 175 TMC by 2022 and 350 TMC by 2029

• Existing Govt. Interventions and flagship programmes to mitigate water issues

• Inter-linking of Rivers

 The Govt. has proposed about 8 river interlinks to meet the requirements of various sectors Water Quality Monitoring

 Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Dept. has put in place a water quality monitoring mechanism and has established a protocol of actions at four levels of 'Field Level Testing', 'Sub-Division Level', 'District/Division Level' and 'State Level' Reducing contamination in the Water Distribution

 NTR Sujala Pathakam is a policy decision taken by the Govt. of AP to address the issue of quality of drinking water associated with water supply and distribution networks Interventions to address issues in urban water

 The Government has commenced the process of developing sustainable urban infrastructure to improve the Municipal Service Delivery System 142

Cost Estimates Short Term Medium Term Long Term 2017 2022 2029 Live Storage 28 BCM (991.30 TMC) 30 BCM (1091.30 TMC) 33 BCM (1180.58 TMC) Capacity (Rs. 20,000 Cr.) (Rs. 15,000 Cr.) (Rs. 5,000 Cr.) (includes Minor Irrigation) Water Use 29% 45% 60% Efficiency (Rs. 4,000 Cr.) (Rs. 5,500 Cr.) (Rs.3,000 Cr.) Cost

Water 0.79 BCM(28.14 TMC) 0.97 BCM(34.41 TMC) 1.19 BCM(41.85 TMC) Supply cost (Rs. 12,000 Cr.) (Rs. 17,000 Cr.) (Rs. 13,000 Cr.) – Urban Water 0.69 BCM (24.31 TMC) 0.86 BCM(30.47 TMC) 0.82 BCM (29.23 TMC) Supply cost (Rs. 4,000 Cr.) (Rs. 12,000 Cr.) (Rs. 5,000 Cr.) – Rural

Water Rs. 425 Cr. Rs. 372 Cr. Rs. 265 Cr. harvesting on fallow waste lands 143

Cost Estimates

Short Term Medium Term Long Term

2017 2022 2029

Industrial Water 6 TMC 21 TMC 48 TMC Supply (Rs. 1,800 Cr.) (Rs. 6,300 Cr.) (Rs. 14,400 Cr.) Coverage under 6,07,880 Ha 5,31,895 Ha 379925 Ha Water Harvesting (Rs. 425 Cr.) (Rs. 372 Cr.) (Rs. 265 Cr.) Structures Recycled Sewage Rural Water Supply Water 1200 2364.5 2268.15 Supplied(MLD)

Sewage 960 1892 1815

Generated(MLD)

Cost of Rs. 28,800 Lakhs Rs. 27,960 Lakhs Treatment 144

Cost Estimates Short Term Medium Long Term 2015 Term 2029 2022 Recycled Sewage Urban Water Supply

Water 1294 2670 3247 Supplied(MLD) Sewage 1035 2136 2598 Generated(MLD)

Cost of Rs. 931.50 Cr. Rs. 990.90 Cr. Rs. 415.80 Cr. Treatment

Cost of Urban Rs. 14,093 Cr. Rs. 1731 Cr. Rs. 3951 Cr. Sewer lines 145

Conclusions •Vision 2022 &2029 is under formulation and Implementaion. •State Prioritised 6Projects Viz. Vamsadhara-PhaseI-Stage-II; Thotapalli Project; GNSS-I,HNSS-II; Polavaram Project;Veligonda Projects for completion in next 2-3 years. •Pattiseema Lift Project was completed in record time of 12 months to supplement Polavaram Right Canal Till Dam Completion. •It is proposed to divert 80TMC of Godavari Flood Waters to Krishna Basin For tapping same extent from Srisailam To Rayalaseema Region. •Neeru –Chettu Program was taken up and Partially completed during 2015 & 2016 at a invest of about Rs.500 Crores resulting rise in Ground Water Table by 5-10 metres avaerage. •Intra linking of Godavari-Krishna done by Pattiseema Lift Scheme. Water is Blue Gold

save

water

save us