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A Comparative Study of the First Computer Literacy Programs for Children in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, 1970-1990
Making Citizens of the Information Age: A Comparative Study of the First Computer Literacy Programs for Children in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, 1970-1990 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Boenig-Liptsin, Margarita. 2015. Making Citizens of the Information Age: A Comparative Study of the First Computer Literacy Programs for Children in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, 1970-1990. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845438 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Making Citizens of the Information Age: A comparative study of the first computer literacy programs for children in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, 1970-1990 A dissertation presented by Margarita Boenig-Liptsin to The Department of History of Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History of Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2015 © 2015 Margarita Boenig-Liptsin All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Sheila Jasanoff Margarita Boenig-Liptsin Making Citizens of the Information Age: A comparative study of the first computer literacy programs for children in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, 1970-1990 ABSTRACT In this dissertation I trace the formation of citizens of the information age by comparing visions and practices to make children and the general public computer literate or cultured in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union. -
Achievements and Failures Boris Malinovsky and Lev Malinovski Pp
Information Technology Policy. An International History Edited by Richard Coopey. Published in the United States by Oxford University Press. Inc., New York, 2004 Information Technology Policy in the USSR and Ukraine: Achievements and Failures Boris Malinovsky and Lev Malinovski Pp. 304-320 After the end of the Second World War, the government of the USSR started to create a computer industry. This became one of the main tasks of the national economy and computer manufacturers began serial production of electronic tube computers starting in 1953 (the "Strela" computer series, then the M20, BESM2, Ural 1, and Minsk 1). Later, in the early 1960s, semiconductor universal computers (M220. Ural 11, 14, Minsk 22, 32, Razdan 3, Setun, and others) were developed and produced. At the same time, computers for engineering calculations were developed (Promin, MIR1 and MIR2, Nairi), as well as control computers (Dnepr, Dnepr 2, VNIIEM, MPPI, and others). In the 1950s and 1960s, in Moscow, Kyiv, Minsk, and other large cities of the USSR scientific research institutes, plants, and engineering and design companies were founded, and thus began the development and manufacture of first and second generation computers. As a result, all important projects of that time in the field of atomic energy, cosmic investigations, rocketry, and so on, gained the necessary computer support. In 1967, the Soviet government adopted a decree regarding the future development of the computer industry. The decree covered all problems, from the research and development (R&D) of essential semiconductors and microelectronic circuitry to manufacture of the new generation computers for civil and military applications. -
Making Citizens of the Information Age: a Comparative Study of the First
Making citizens of the information age : a comparative study of the first computer literacy programs for children in the United States, France, and th Margarita Boenig-Liptsin To cite this version: Margarita Boenig-Liptsin. Making citizens of the information age : a comparative study of the first computer literacy programs for children in the United States, France, and th. Philosophy. Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2015. English. NNT : 2015PA010552. tel-01793421 HAL Id: tel-01793421 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01793421 Submitted on 16 May 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Making Citizens of the Information Age: A comparative study of the first computer literacy programs for children in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, 1970-1990 A dissertation presented by Margarita Boenig-Liptsin to The Department of History of Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History of Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts and to Département de Philosophie pour obtenir le grade de Docteur dans la discipline de Philosophie Université Paris 1 – Panthèon-Sorbonne U.F.R. Philosophie August 2015 Defended publicly on November 16, 2015 Dissertation committee and members of the jury: Prof. -
The Silent Arms Race: the Role of the Supercomputer During the Cold War, 1947-1963
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 8-2012 The iS lent Arms Race: The Role of the Supercomputer During the Cold War, 1947-1963 David Warren Kirsch University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Asian History Commons, European History Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Kirsch, David Warren, "The iS lent Arms Race: The Role of the Supercomputer During the Cold War, 1947-1963" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 423. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/423 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE SILENT ARMS RACE: THE ROLE OF THE SUPERCOMPUTER DURING THE COLD WAR, 1947-1963 THE SILENT ARMS RACE: THE ROLE OF THE SUPERCOMPUTER DURING THE COLD WAR: 1947-1963 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By David Warren Kirsch University of Arkansas Bachelor of Arts in History, 1992 University of Arkansas Bachelor of Arts, Criminal Justice, 2001 University of Arkansas Master of Arts, University of Arkansas in Sociology, 2003 August 2012 University of Arkansas ABSTRACT One of the central features of the Cold War is the “Arms Race.” The United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist republics vied for supremacy over the globe for a fifty-year period in which there were several arms races; atomic weapons, thermonuclear weapons and various kinds of conventional weapons. -
Evolution of Human Computer Interaction
Scientific Visualization, 2020, volume 12, number 5, pages 130 - 164, DOI: 10.26583/sv.12.5.11 Evolution of Human Computer Interaction V.L. Averbukh1,А,В A IMM UrB RAS B Ural Federal University 1 ORCID: 0000-0002-4379-1450, [email protected] Abstract The work is devoted to the review of the development the human-computer interaction. In the first sections the history of computing in the "pre-computer" era is briefly described and then the early history of modern computing, methods of the first computers controlling and the tasks of programmers at this stage are described. It describes the methods of interac- tion with the first -generation computers using the remote control elements, punched cards and punched tapes. The section, devoted to the second generation computers, describes the emergence of high-level operating systems and programming languages. At this point, there are such means of interaction with the computer as the displays and, respectively, such pro- gramming tools as interactive languages and interactive debuggers. Research is also begin- ning on principles of human-computer interaction the infancy of the discipline "computer graphics", the development of computer graphics packages and the emergence of interactive computer graphics standards are considered. In the section “Revolutions in computer sci- ence” describes the appearance of a large number of the same series computers and the first super-computers in the context of human-computer interaction. Revolutionary changes are considered in computer graphics and emerging of the science discipline “computer visualiza- tion” with its parts “scientific visualization”, “software visualization”, “information visualiza- tion” and also “programming by demonstration”. -
From Newspeak to Cyberspeak: a History of Soviet Cybernetics
FROM EWSPEAKN TO A HISTORY OF SOVIET CYBERNETICS SLAVA GEROVITCH From Newspeak to Cyberspeak This Page Intentionally Left Blank From Newspeak to Cyberspeak A History of Soviet Cybernetics Slava Gerovitch The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England ©2002 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. Set in Sabon by The MIT Press. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gerovitch, Slava. From newspeak to cyberspeak : a history of Soviet cybernetics / Slava Gerovitch. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-262-07232-7 (hard cover : alk. paper) 1. Cybernetics—Soviet Union—History. I. Title. Q305 .G47 2002 003'.5'0947—dc21 2001056241 for my mother, Raisa Sklyar This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents Preface and Acknowledgements xi Introduction: Soviet Science and Politics through the Prism of Language 1 1The Cold War in Code Words: The Newspeak of Soviet Science 11 Balancing Military and Ideological Priorities for Cold War Science 14 Shifting Boundaries between Knowledge and Ideology 18 Newspeak: The Fundamentals 21 Scientific Newspeak 26 “Formalism” as a Floating Signifier 31 From Formulas to “Formalism” in Mathematics 33 From Literary Form to “Formalism” in Linguistics 37 The Specter of “Idealism” in Physiology 42 2 Cyberspeak: