Green Growth in Cebu, Philippines Green in Growth Cebu, Philippines
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OECD Green Growth Studies OECD Green Growth Studies Green Growth in Cebu, Philippines Green Growth in Green Cebu, Philippines Cebu, OECD Green Growth Studies Green Growth in Cebu, Philippines This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Please cite this publication as: OECD (2017), Green Growth in Cebu, Philippines, OECD Green Growth Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264277991-en ISBN 978-92-64-27798-4 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-27799-1 (PDF) Series: OECD Green Growth Studies ISSN 2222-9515 (print) ISSN 2222-9523 (online) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2017 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. FOREWORD – 3 Foreword This publication is the result of a study on urban green growth in Cebu, Philippines. It analyses the economic and environmental performance of Cebu, assesses the policies and governance practices that can promote green growth, and provides recommendations to enhance Cebu’s green growth potential. Metro Cebu, the second most populated urban area of the Philippines, has been growing faster than any other city in the country. However, despite this economic growth, Metro Cebu still faces many challenges that hinder its green growth. Changing land-use patterns and a growing population have severely strained local infrastructure and the provision of basic urban services, especially water supply, which will be tackled with a special focus in this report. Metro Cebu also faces several natural disasters risks, like floods and earthquakes. Still, the implementation of appropriate policy frameworks is impaired by a lack of both vertical and horizontal co-operation in the metropolitan governance. All these challenges will need to be addressed to build a more sustainable, resilient and greener city. This is the fourth case study in the OECD Urban Green Growth in Dynamic Asia project, which explores how policies and governance practices can promote green growth and competitiveness in Asian fast-growing cities. It contributes both to the OECD Green Growth Strategy and to the OECD Strategy on Development, as well as to ongoing discussions on the role of cities in tackling the urgent challenges of climate change. Five case studies have been carried out so far: Bangkok (Thailand), Hai Phong (Viet Nam), Bandung (Indonesia), Iskandar Malaysia (Malaysia) and Cebu (Philippines). The results of the case studies were published in 2016 in a synthesis report entitled Urban Green Growth in Dynamic Asia. The analysis is based on a “focused comparison” strategy of case study research. This entailed asking the same questions in the different city case studies in order to discern similarities and draw general lessons. Although the analysis focuses on Asian cities, the lessons for promoting green growth will also be relevant for other OECD member countries and cities. The publication benefited from guidance by the OECD Regional Development Policy Committee and its Working Party on Urban Policy, as well as the support of the local team. It draws on data provided by the local team and the OECD Metropolitan Database. The analytical approach draws on Urban Green Growth in Dynamic Asia: A Conceptual Framework (2014). The expertise and experience of OECD member countries provided relevant international benchmarks and policy examples. As part of the OECD Green Growth Studies series, further case studies will be carried out in a variety of cities, chosen on the basis of criteria such as population size, speed of growth, economic structure, and the centrality of the city in the national and regional economy. GREEN GROWTH IN CEBU, PHILIPPINES © OECD 2017 4 – ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements The OECD Secretariat would like to thank Governor, Province of Cebu, Hilario P. Davide III (Chair, the Metro Cebu Development and Coordinating Board (MCDCB); Mayor Michael L. Rama (Co-Chair, MCDCB; Mayor, City of Cebu); Mr. Efren B. Carreon (Vice Chair, MCDCB; Regional Director, National Economic Development Authority Region VII); Mr. Gordon Alan P. Joseph (Chair, MCDCB Research Program and Organization Development (RPOD) Executive Committee, President, Cebu Business Club); and Ms. Dominica B. Chua (Vice Chair, MCDCB RPOD Executive Committee; COO, Ramon Aboitiz Foundation, Inc. (RAFI), under whose leadership and support the study was made possible in Cebu. Our thanks also go to the local team that provided support throughout the study, including the preparation of the background report and organisation of the OECD study missions to Cebu, Atty: Mark Tolentino and Jennifer Maniwang (Province of Cebu), Evelyn Nacario Castro and Jackie Amazona Clavin (MCDCB RPOD/ RAFI – Eduardo Aboitiz Development Studies Center (EADSC), the Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region 7 Office Atty. Rose-Liza Eisma-Osorio (University of Cebu) provided professional support on local data collection and policy assessment. We also thank the members of the Philippines' central government who participated in the OECD study missions and provided valuable comments on the report. In addition, members of the MCDCB RPOD Program Management Office and RAFI EADSC staff provided valuable comments. The OECD Secretariat would also like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Province of Cebu, the government of Japan and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH within the framework of Germany’s Global Initiative on Disaster Risk Management (GIDRM). Stephan Huppertz and his team also provided valuable inputs on the report. This project was undertaken by the Regional Development Policy Division within the OECD’s Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism, led by Lamia Kamal-Chaoui (Director). This publication was prepared by Tadashi Matsumoto (Project Manager, Urban Green Growth/Knowledge Sharing, Regional Development Policy Division), Loïc Daudey, Martin Abbott, and Kwame Boye Frimpong (Consultants), directed by Joaquim Oliveira Martins (Special Advisor to the Director). It benefited from valuable comments and input from numerous colleagues: Karen Maguire, Aziza Akhmouch, Oriana Romano, Christophe Etienne and Juliana Chia. The case study’s two international peer reviewers from Spain and Canada, Ton Padullés (Metropolitan Area of Barcelona) and Heather McNell (Metro Vancouver) joined the OECD study mission to Cebu (8-12 December 2015) and provided valuable reports. Richard Carlos Worden (international environmental consultant) participated in the mission and provided valuable insights and comments on urban resilience and disaster risk management. GREEN GROWTH IN CEBU, PHILIPPINES © OECD 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 5 The publication also benefited from valuable input from the Knowledge-Sharing Platform on Urban Green Growth in Dynamic Asia and the participants of the Cebu Knowledge Sharing Workshop on Urban Green Growth in Dynamic Asia (9-10 December 2015). These include the MCDCB, City of Cebu, other local government units (LGUs) in the MCDCB, departments and agencies, international organisations and experts, subnational networks and other Asian and OECD cities. The workshop was supported by the OECD Knowledge-Sharing Alliance, in partnership with the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ) and the Korean Ministry for Strategy and Finance (MOSF). Masato Hayashikawa, Chelsea Roberts, John Lloyd, Amanda Gautherin, Charles Victor and Théa Chubinidze provided the organisational support. This publication is dedicated to the memory of Roberto Eduardo “Bobby” Aboitiz (1949-2017), who served as Co-Chair of MCDCB. GREEN GROWTH IN CEBU, PHILIPPINES © OECD 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS – 7 Table of contents Acronyms and abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 11 Executive summary .............................................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 1. The economic, social and environmental performance of the Cebu metropolitan area, Philippines .........................................................................................................................