DOCSLIB.ORG

The Response of Crustacean Zooplankton Production to Variations in Food Quantity, Quality, and Primary Production in Coastal Marine Ecosystems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Response of Crustacean Zooplankton Production to Variations in Food Quantity, Quality, and Primary Production in Coastal Marine Ecosystems The response of crustacean zooplankton production to variations in food quantity, quality, and primary production in coastal marine ecosystems by Karyn Dawn Suchy B.Sc., University of Manitoba, 2003 M.Sc., University of Manitoba, 2006 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Biology Karyn Dawn Suchy, 2014 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee The response of crustacean zooplankton production to variations in food quantity, quality, and primary production in coastal marine ecosystems by Karyn Dawn Suchy B.Sc., University of Manitoba, 2003 M.Sc., University of Manitoba, 2006 Supervisory Committee Dr. John F. Dower, Department of Biology Supervisor Dr. Steve J. Perlman, Department of Biology Departmental Member Dr. Diana E. Varela, Department of Biology Departmental Member Dr. Debby Ianson, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Outside Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. John F. Dower, Department of Biology Supervisor Dr. Steve J. Perlman, Department of Biology Co-Supervisor or Departmental Member Dr. Diana E. Varela, Department of Biology Departmental Member Dr. Debby Ianson, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Outside Member Crustaceans, the most abundant group of organisms that make up zooplankton, form a critical link in the food web between primary-producing phytoplankton and planktivorous fish. Examining this link is essential in order to effectively estimate the amount of energy available to higher trophic levels. The most appropriate currency for tracking energy flow through these food webs is to measure production, or the amount of new biomass generated over a given period of time. Although measurements of primary productivity are routinely made in oceanographic studies, estimates of secondary productivity are rare due to their historical reliance on time-consuming methods. The overall objective of this thesis was to determine the factors influencing temporal variations in community-level crustacean productivity. A simplified lab experiment was used to establish a relationship between diet and chitobiase-based estimates of copepod productivity in response to single versus mixed species phytoplankton diets. In addition, the relationships between primary productivity and chitobiase-based productivity for the entire crustacean zooplankton community were examined over two years in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Canada. Lastly, this work determined the abiotic and biotic factors most strongly influencing crustacean productivity in the tropical Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, dominated by the microbial loop. Results from this work show that: (i) copepod populations fed a poor food item take longer to develop through early stages, have lower daily growth rates, and exhibit lower productivity than those fed a good quality food item; (ii) important variations in crustacean productivity are missed when biomass estimates, alone, are used to represent food available to higher trophic levels; (iii) relationships between primary productivity and crustacean productivity can vary interannually and are not necessarily controlled by bottom-up processes; (iv) substantial interannual variations in trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) occur even if average TTE is the same across years; and (v) community-level crustacean productivity in tropical regions dominated by the microbial food loop can be as high as, if not higher than, productivity measured in temperate regions. Ultimately, this work provides insight into how accurate productivity estimates can improve our understanding of zooplankton dynamics in both laboratory and field settings in marine ecosystems worldwide. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee ...................................................................................................... ii! Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iii! Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iv! List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii! List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix! Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ xi! Dedication ......................................................................................................................... xii! Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1! 1.1 General introduction ................................................................................................. 1! 1.2 Methods for estimating crustacean production ......................................................... 2! 1.2.1 Traditional methods ........................................................................................... 2! 1.2.2 Global predictive models ................................................................................... 3! 1.2.3 Instantaneous methods ....................................................................................... 4! 1.2.4 Chitobiase method ............................................................................................. 5! 1.3 Factors influencing crustacean production ............................................................... 6! 1.3.1 Temperature ....................................................................................................... 6! 1.3.2 Body size/weight ................................................................................................ 7! 1.3.3 Food quantity ..................................................................................................... 8! 1.3.4 Food quality ..................................................................................................... 11! 1.4 Current limitations .................................................................................................. 13! 1.4.1 Using biomass to estimate zooplankton production ........................................ 13! 1.4.2 Chlorophyll a as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass ...................................... 14! 1.4.3 Extrapolating lab results to a natural field setting ........................................... 16! 1.5 Thesis objectives and structure ............................................................................... 18! Chapter 2: Influence of diet on chitobiase-based production rates for the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus ........................................................................................ 21! 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 21! 2.2 Methods................................................................................................................... 24! 2.2.1 Copepod cultures ............................................................................................. 24! 2.2.2 Phytoplankton cultures ..................................................................................... 25! 2.2.3 Feeding experiment .......................................................................................... 27! 2.2.4 Chitobiase enzyme assays ................................................................................ 28! 2.2.5 Chitobiase decay rate estimates ....................................................................... 29! 2.2.6 Statistical analysis ............................................................................................ 32! 2.3 Results ..................................................................................................................... 32! 2.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................... 40! 2.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 46! Chapter 3: Interannual variability in the relationship between in situ estimates of primary productivity and crustacean productivity in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Canada .... 48! v 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 48! 3.2 Methods................................................................................................................... 51! 3.2.1 Study site .......................................................................................................... 51! 3.2.2 Physical and chemical measurements .............................................................. 53! 3.2.3 Phytoplankton .................................................................................................. 55! 3.2.4 Zooplankton ..................................................................................................... 57! 3.2.5 Trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) .................................................................... 60! 3.2.6 Statistical analysis ...........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evaluation of Trade-Offs in Traditional Methodologies for Measuring
    Progress in Oceanography 178 (2019) 102137 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Oceanography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pocean Review Evaluation of trade-offs in traditional methodologies for measuring metazooplankton growth rates: Assumptions, advantages and disadvantages T for field applications ⁎ Toru Kobaria, , Akash R. Sastrib, Lidia Yebrac, Hui Liud, Russell R. Hopcrofte a Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan b Fisheries and Ocean Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences Sidney, BC, Canada c Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Fuengirola, Málaga, Spain d Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, TX, USA e College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Zooplankton growth rates ultimately shape the functional response of marine ecosystems to regional and global Metazooplankton climate changes, because they determine the quantity and distribution of matter and energy within the zoo- Weight-specific growth plankton community available to higher trophic levels. Despite the variety of techniques available for measuring Natural cohort zooplankton growth, no or few approaches have been universally applied to the natural zooplankton populations Artificial cohort or community and there are only a limited number of comparisons among the methods. Here we review and Molting rate compile data for the traditional methods for estimating metazooplankton weight-specific growth rates, describe Egg production fi Model the principles and underlying assumptions of each method, and nally their advantages and disadvantages. This review encompasses the analysis of time-series (i.e., Natural Cohort method), three experimental approaches (i.e., Artificial Cohort, Molting Rate and Egg Production) and several empirical models that have been applied to specific stages, populations or community guilds of metazooplankton in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Copepod Production: the Interplay Between Abiotic Environment, Prey Biochemical Composition and Consumers’ Requirements
    COPEPOD PRODUCTION: THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT, PREY BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND CONSUMERS’ REQUIREMENTS Dissertation Zur Erlangung der Würde des Doktors der Naturwissenschaften des Department Biologie, der Fakultaät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften, der Universität Hamburg vorgelegt von Emmanuel Acheampong aus Breman Esiam, Ghana Hamburg, November 2011 “Nothing in biology makes sense, except in the light of evolution” Theodosius Dobzhansky, 1973 CONTENTS Chapter Title Page Description of model parameters and variables i - ii General summary iii – v Allgemeine Zusammenfassung vi – ix Publication outline x 1 General introduction 1 1.1 Animal nutrition 1 – 2 1.2 Food quality models 3 – 6 1.3 Why copepods matter 6 – 7 1.4 Developing an alternative food quality model 7 – 8 1.4.1 Food quality framework 9 – 11 1.5 Aims 11 – 12 1.6 Outline 12 – 14 2 Food quality model for heterotrophic consumers 15 2.1 Abstract 15 2.2 Introduction 16 – 19 2.3 Model description 19-21 2.3.1 Uptake of biochemical substances 21 – 24 2.3.2 Maintenance 24 – 25 2.3.3 Growth 26 – 28 2.3.4 Food quality 28 – 31 2.4 Parameter determination and model implementation 31 – 36 2.5 Results 36 – 47 2.6 Discussion 47 – 57 3 Egg production by calanoid copepods: limitation by nitrogen 58 or carbon? 3.1 Abstract 58 3.2 Introduction 58 – 63 3.3 Model description 63 – 66 3.3.1 Food quality 66 – 68 3.3.2 Food quality effect on food consumption and metabolic 68 – 78 physiology 3.4 Parameter determination and model implementation 75 – 78 3.5 Results 78
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Pattern of Calanoid Copepod Abundance, Prosome Length and Minor Role in Pelagic Carbon Flux in the Solent, UK
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 177: 133-146, 1999 l Published February 11 1 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Annual pattern of calanoid copepod abundance, prosome length and minor role in pelagic carbon flux in the Solent, UK A. G. Hirst*, M. Sheader, J. A. Williams School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton. Southampton Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock, Southampton S014 3ZH, United Kingdom ABSTRACT: Investigation of the calanoid copepods at a coastal station in the Solent, UK, over a 14 mo period revealed a numerical dominance by species of the genus Acartja (comprising A. bifilosa, A. claus~,A. discaudata and A. margalefij, and the specles Temora longicornisand Centropages hamatus, wlth sporadic appearances of Paracalanus parvus and Pseudocalanus elongatus. There was clear sea- sonality in the abundance of calanoids, with total numbers being highest from May onwards, and low after October Stage-specific prosome lengths vaned with season, and in most cases were negatively correlated with temperature. Individual weights and abundance of the copepods, together with mea- sures of temperature, were used to predict weight-spec~ficgrowth and production rates using a pub- lished emplrlcal relationship. Comparisons of annual copepod production with prevlous measures of annual primary production and production of bacteria and clliates at this same site were made, and a carbon flow dlagram was constructed. Calanoid copepod annual production was 32.2 mgC m-3 yr.' This represents only 0.5 O/i of the total annual primary production, and 0 6 % of the annual primary pro- duction of algae >3 pm. Ciliate annual production was almost 2 orders of magnitude higher, and con- stituted 33 % of the total annual primary production.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of Type and Figured Specimens in the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute
    ISSN 0083-7903, 76 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 76 (Online) Catalogue of Type and Figured Specimens in the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute by ELLIOT W. DAWSON New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 76 1979 NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH Catalogue of Type and Figured Specimens in the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute by ELLIOT W. DAWSON Nev. Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Wellington New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 76 1979 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Citation according to "World List of Scientific Periodicals" (4th edn): Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 76 ISSN 0083-7903 Received for publication : October 1974 (Revised December 1978) Crown Copyright I 979 E.C. KEATING, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - 1979 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 5 INTRODUCTION 6 Conditions for the loan of types 6 Designation and dispersal of type specimens 7 Use of the catalogue 8 Future additions 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 8 SYSTEMATIC LISTING OF TYPE AND FIGURED SPECIMENS 9 CATALOGUE 15 Phylum Protozoa 15 Porifera 23 Coelenterata 24 Annelida 30 Sipunculida 31 Arthropoda 31 Mollusca 60 Brachiopoda 67 Bryozoa 67 Echinodermata 69 Chordata 89 REFERENCES 94 STATION DATA 103 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Catalogue of Type and Figured Specimens in the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute by Elliot W.
    [Show full text]
  • Suisun Bay Ammonium Synthesis Report
    Suisun Bay Ammonium Synthesis Report by David Senn Emily Novick and co-authors as noted CONTRIBUTION NO. 706 SANFRANCISCOESTUARYINSTITUTE 4911 Central Avenue, Richmond, CA 94804 MARCH p: 510-746-7334 (SFEI), f: 510-746-7300, 2014 www.sfei.org This report should be cited as: Senn, D. B. and Novick, E. (2014). Suisun Bay Ammonium Synthesis Report. Contribution No. 706. San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, California. Suisun Bay Ammonium Synthesis Report FINAL March 14 2014 David Senn Emily Novick San Francisco Estuary Institute and co-authors as noted 1 2 Executive Summary Observations made since the early 2000's have noted declining abundances of important, pelagic members of the Suisun Bay and Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta food webs. In response, numerous investigations have been launched, aimed at identifying the underlying cause(s) of what is referred to regionally as the Pelagic Organism Decline (POD). The conceptual model for the POD recognizes that multiple factors may act in concert to degrade habitat and contribute to the POD (Baxter et al., 2010; NRC 2012), including: changes in flow regime, physical alterations to habitat, land use changes, invasive species, contaminants, and nutrients. Understanding the underlying causes of habitat degradation and the POD in Suisun Bay and the Delta requires an integrated analysis across the range of potential drivers. This report focuses on one set of these + issues: elevated loadings and concentrations of ammonium (NH4 ) in Suisun Bay and a subset of + the proposed mechanisms by which NH4 may adversely impact ecosystem health. Recent studies have hypothesized that anthropogenic nutrient loads over the past few decades, in + + particular NH4 , are negatively impacting food webs in Suisun Bay and the Delta.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSIDAD INTERNACIONAL DEL ECUADOR Escuela De
    UNIVERSIDAD INTERNACIONAL DEL ECUADOR Escuela de Biología Aplicada TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE BIÓLOGO MARINO TEMA: EFECTO DE LOS BAJOS EN LA COMUNIDAD DE ZOOPLANCTON AL NORTE Y SUR DE LA ISLA SANTA CRUZ, GALÁPAGOS AUTOR: MARÍA DEL MAR QUIROGA SAMANIEGO DIRECTOR DE TESIS DR. Esteban Terneus QUITO, ECUADOR 2016 I AGRADECIMIENTO Gracias a mi madre por siempre creer en mí e impulsarme a seguir mis sueños, por la paciencia y el amor infinito que me da. A mí papá por su apoyo y paciencia durante este proceso. A mi familia Silvya y Carlos, Sofí, Hans y Roy, por su amor incondicional y por nunca dejarme sola apoyarme y hacerme reír, a mis angelitos que los extraño siempre y que les agradezco por haberme cuidado y amado. A todos aquellos que pusieron su tiempo y conocimiento en esta investigación en especial, al Dr. Rafael Bermúdez, que me guio desde el principio, me motivo y sobre todo por su ayuda; al Dr. Pelayo Salinas de León por darme la oportunidad de vivir una experiencia maravillosa y por ayudarme cuando lo necesitaba, al Dr. Esteban Terneus por estar siempre ahí para mí cuando tenía algún problema, por motivarme cuando me sentía perdida y por ser una gran director de escuela. A todos los que forman parte de la Estación Charles Darwin por su acogida y por siempre regalarme una sonrisa. A la Doctora María de Lourdes Mendoza y Luis Vaca por su ayuda en la fase de análisis de nutrientes y a la Doctora Gladys Torres del INOCAR.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Text in Pdf Format
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 174: 183-195, 1998 Published November 26 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Copepod egg production rates in the Pomeranian Bay (Southern Baltic Sea) as a function of phytoplankton abundance and taxonomic composition Katrin Schmidt*,Paul Kahler, Bodo von Bodungen Institut fiir Ostseeforschung an der Universitat Rostock, SeestraBe 15, D-18119 Rostock, Germany ABSTRACT: The copepod community of the Pomeranlan Bay, in the outer part of the Oder Estuary (Southern Baltic Sea),1s dominated by Acartia bifilosa Glesbrecht In winter and spring and by A. tonsa Dana In autumn. During summer both species CO-occur.The egg production of these species was studled in 1994/1995. Rates (eggs female-' d-l) were found to vary both seasonally and spatially. In winter, egg production rates of A bifilosa were low, but showed a posltive response to increasing chlorophyll a concentrations. During the late phase of the spnng bloom (dominated by the diatom Skeletonema costatum), egg production of A. blfilosa was clearly higher than in winter, while water temperature rema~nedat a low level. Phytoplankton concentrations dunng the spnng bloom varied, but egg production rates were uniform all over the bay, suggesting production was not food limited. Length-specific weight and lip~dcontent indicate that females were in good physiological condition. Dunng summer and autumn, both high and very low egg production rates were observed for both species. The relation between egg production rate dnd chlorophyll a concentration was negative. The analysis of the phytoplankton composltlon in summer suggested that a hlgh proportion of dino- flagellates was beneficial for egg production whereas high proportions of cyanobactenal colonies and filaments had negatlve effects Except dunng the spnng bloom penod, the egg production of Acartia spp, in the Pomeranian Bay was llrnited by the amount and quality of phytoplankton.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Group Reports and Proposals
    2.0 WORKING GROUPS 2.1 Current Working Groups The Executive Committee Reporter for each working group will present an update on working group activities and progress, and will make recommendations on actions to be taken. Working groups expire at each General Meeting, but can be renewed at the meeting and can be disbanded whenever appropriate. 2.1.1 SCOR/InterRidge WG 135 on Hydrothermal energy transfer and its impact on the ocean carbon cycles, p. 2-1 Bharathi 2.1.2 WG 137: Patterns of Phytoplankton Dynamics in Coastal Ecosystems: Comparative Analysis of Time Series Observation, p. 2-3 Ramaiah, Sun Song 2.1.3 SCOR/IGBP WG 138: Modern Planktic Foraminifera and Ocean Changes, p. 2-8 Naidu, Brussaard 2.1.4 WG 139: Organic Ligands – A Key Control on Trace Metal Biogeochemistry in the Ocean, p. 2-10 Naqvi 2.1.5 WG 140: Biogeochemical Exchange Processes at the Sea-Ice Interfaces, p. 2-17 Shapovalov 2.1.6 WG 141 on Sea-Surface Microlayers, p. 2-35 Burkill 2.1.7 WG 142 on Quality Control Procedures for Oxygen and Other Biogeochemical Sensors on Floats and Gliders, p. 2-37 Prakash, Burkill 2.1.8 WG 143 on Dissolved N2O and CH4 measurements: Working towards a global network of ocean time series measurements of N2O and CH4, p. 2-42 Bange, Turner 2.1.9 WG 144 on Microbial Community Responses to Ocean Deoxygenation, p. 2-47 Ramaiah 2.1.10 WG 145 on Chemical Speciation Modelling in Seawater to Meet 21st Century Needs (MARCHEMSPEC), p.
    [Show full text]
  • Copepod Growth Rates: a Test of Metabolic Theory
    Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Biogeosciences Discuss., 9, 16303–16346, 2012 www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/9/16303/2012/ Biogeosciences doi:10.5194/bgd-9-16303-2012 Discussions BGD © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 9, 16303–16346, 2012 This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Biogeosciences (BG). Copepod growth Please refer to the corresponding final paper in BG if available. rates: a test of metabolic theory K. Y. Lin et al. Copepod community growth rates in Title Page relation to body size, temperature, and Abstract Introduction food availability in the East China Sea: a Conclusions References test of metabolic theory of ecology Tables Figures J I K. Y. Lin1, A. Sastri2, G. C. Gong3,4, and C. H. Hsieh1,5 J I 1Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China Back Close 2Department of Biological Sciences, Universite´ du Quebec´ a` Montreal,´ Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada Full Screen / Esc 3Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224 Taiwan, China Printer-friendly Version 4Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, China Interactive Discussion 5Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China 16303 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Received: 26 October 2012 – Accepted: 8 November 2012 – Published: 16 November 2012 Correspondence to: C. H. Hsieh ([email protected]) BGD Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Human and Climate Forcing of Zooplankton Populations
    4th International Zooplankton Production Symposium Human and Climate Forcing of Zooplankton Populations 28 May - 1 June 2007 Hiroshima, Japan 4th International Zooplankton Production Symposium Contents Page Welcome ............................................................................................................................................. iii Background ....................................................................................................................................... v The organisation and sponsors ........................................................................................................ vii Notes for guidance ............................................................................................................................. ix General programme .......................................................................................................................... xi Agenda and orders of the day by session ....................................................................................... 1 Abstracts of the papers and posters by session .............................................................................. 41 List of participants ............................................................................................................................ 241 Author index ...................................................................................................................................... 273 i 4th International Zooplankton Production Symposium Welcome
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal Variability and Production of the Planktonic Copepods in the Cananeia Lagoon Estuarine System, Sao Paulo, Brazil
    Plankton Biol. Ecol. 48 (1): 35^5, 2001 plankton biology & ecology %:< The Plankton Socicly of Japan 2001 Temporal variability and production of the planktonic copepods in the Cananeia Lagoon estuarine system, Sao Paulo, Brazil. II. Acartia lilljeborgi Koichi Ara Institute Oceanogrdfico. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Praca do Oceanogrdjico 191. Cidade Universitdria, Butanta, Sao Paulo-SP 05508-900. Brazil Present address: Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866. Fujisawa 252-8510, Japan Received 17 April 2000; accepted 2 November 2000 Abstract: Diel and seasonal variations in abundance, stage and sex composition, biomass and pro duction rate of the planktonic calanoid copepod Acartia lilljeborgi were studied in Mar de Cananeia, the Cananeia Lagoon estuarine system, Sao Paulo, Brazil. A series of plankton sample collections were carried out at intervals of 4h over multiple 24-h periods between February 1995 and January 1996. Acartia IHIjeborgi was present throughout the year (temperature, 18.6-29.4°C; salinity, 4.5- 30.0%o; chlorophyll-a concentration, 1.32-20.42 fig I"1). It also showed considerable diel variations in abundance, but they were usually inconsistent in pattern. Abundance of A. lilljeborgi was low in Feb ruary when salinity was lower than 17%o. In the other months, however, no environmental parame ters were correlated with the seasonal variation of A lilljeborgi. Seasonal variation in prosome length was linked to temperature variations. The biomass varied from 0.579±0.656 (daily mean±SD) to 7.915±4.585mgC m"3. The estimated production rates, using the Ikeda-Motoda, Huntley-Lopez and Hirtst-Sheader models, were 0.357-5.354, 0.464-7.401 and 0.176-2.31 mgCm"3d"1, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Zooplankton Communities of South Eastern Tasmania
    Coastal zooplankton communities of south eastern Tasmania by Fabienne Cazassus, Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science University of Tasmania June 2004 Statement Except as stated herein, this thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any higher degree or diploma by the University ofTasmania or any other institutions. To the best of my knowledge and belief this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement: is made in the text Fabienne M. Cazassus. This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. --1t \o8jlDo~ ~ ---· Fabienne M. Cazassus. Abstract The spatial variations of zooplankton communities (i.e. dispersion and retention) between an inshore embayment and an adjacent offshore coastal site were investigated. Water enters the bay by its northern shore and circulates through it in a clockwise direction during an outgoing tide and an anticlockwise direction during an incoming tide. Distribution of some species, such as Calanus australis, Temora turbinata, Noctiluca scintillans, Podon sp, Penilia sp., showed a retention time in the bay of around 4 to 6 weeks. Although there is clear evidence that mixing occurred between the bay and the channel via a complex combination of winds and tides, and no barrier or gradient could be identified, some species were found only in the bay: examples are Oikopleura sp., crustacean larvae, Clausocalanus ingens, and Oithona sp., which were retained in the bay probably through a combination of behavioural strategies e.g. vertical migration or selective predation.
    [Show full text]