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An Annotated Checklist of the Angiospermic Flora of Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 25(2): 187-207, 2018 (December) © 2018 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA OF RAJKANDI RESERVE FOREST OF MOULVIBAZAR, BANGLADESH 1 2 A.K.M. KAMRUL HAQUE , SALEH AHAMMAD KHAN, SARDER NASIR UDDIN AND SHAYLA SHARMIN SHETU Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh Keywords: Checklist; Angiosperms; Rajkandi Reserve Forest; Moulvibazar. Abstract This study was carried out to provide the baseline data on the composition and distribution of the angiosperms and to assess their current status in Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. The study reports a total of 549 angiosperm species belonging to 123 families, 98 (79.67%) of which consisting of 418 species under 316 genera belong to Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons), and the remaining 25 (20.33%) comprising 132 species of 96 genera to Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Rubiaceae with 30 species is recognized as the largest family in Magnoliopsida followed by Euphorbiaceae with 24 and Fabaceae with 22 species; whereas, in Lilliopsida Poaceae with 32 species is found to be the largest family followed by Cyperaceae and Araceae with 17 and 15 species, respectively. Ficus is found to be the largest genus with 12 species followed by Ipomoea, Cyperus and Dioscorea with five species each. Rajkandi Reserve Forest is dominated by the herbs (284 species) followed by trees (130 species), shrubs (125 species), and lianas (10 species). Woodlands are found to be the most common habitat of angiosperms. A total of 387 species growing in this area are found to be economically useful. 25 species listed in Red Data Book of Bangladesh under different threatened categories are found under Lower Risk (LR) category in this study area. -
Antioxidants and Second Messengers of Free Radicals
antioxidants Antioxidants and Second Messengers of Free Radicals Edited by Neven Zarkovic Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Antioxidants www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants Antioxidants and Second Messengers of Free Radicals Antioxidants and Second Messengers of Free Radicals Special Issue Editor Neven Zarkovic MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Neven Zarkovic Rudjer Boskovic Institute Croatia Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921) from 2018 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ antioxidants/special issues/second messengers free radicals) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-533-5 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-534-2 (PDF) c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Preface to ”Antioxidants and Second Messengers of Free Radicals” ................ ix Neven Zarkovic Antioxidants and Second Messengers of Free Radicals Reprinted from: Antioxidants 2018, 7, 158, doi:10.3390/antiox7110158 ............... -
Flavonoid Application in Treatment of Oral Cancer-A Review
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 01, 2020 FLAVONOID APPLICATION IN TREATMENT OF ORAL CANCER-A REVIEW Sudarsan R1, Lakshmi T2, Anjaneyulu K3 1Undergraduate student, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 77 2Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 77 3 Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 77 ABSTRACT A wide range of organic compounds that are naturally occurring called flavonoids are primarily found in a large variety of plants. Some of the sources include tea, wine, fruits, grains, nuts and vegetables. There are a number of studies that have proven that a strong association exists between intake of dietary flavonoid and its effects on mortality in the long run. Flavonoids at non-toxic concentrations are known to demonstrate a wide range of therapeutic biological activities in organisms. The contribution of flavonoids in prevention of cancer is an area of great interest in current research. A variety of studies, including in vitro experiments and human trials and even epidemiological investigations, provide compelling evidence which imply that flavonoids’ effects on cancer in terms of chemoprevention and chemotherapy is significant. As the current treatment methods possess a number of drawbacks, the anticancer potential demonstrated by flavonoids makes them a reliable alternative. Various studies have focussed on flavonoids’ anti-cancer potential and its possible application in the treatment of cancer as a chemopreventive agent. -
Insecticides - Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies
INSECTICIDES - DEVELOPMENT OF SAFER AND MORE EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES Edited by Stanislav Trdan Insecticides - Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/3356 Edited by Stanislav Trdan Contributors Mahdi Banaee, Philip Koehler, Alexa Alexander, Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Juliana Cristina Dos Santos, Ronald Zanetti Bonetti Filho, Denilson Ferrreira De Oliveira, Giovanna Gajo, Dejane Santos Alves, Stuart Reitz, Yulin Gao, Zhongren Lei, Christopher Fettig, Donald Grosman, A. Steven Munson, Nabil El-Wakeil, Nawal Gaafar, Ahmed Ahmed Sallam, Christa Volkmar, Elias Papadopoulos, Mauro Prato, Giuliana Giribaldi, Manuela Polimeni, Žiga Laznik, Stanislav Trdan, Shehata E. M. Shalaby, Gehan Abdou, Andreia Almeida, Francisco Amaral Villela, João Carlos Nunes, Geri Eduardo Meneghello, Adilson Jauer, Moacir Rossi Forim, Bruno Perlatti, Patrícia Luísa Bergo, Maria Fátima Da Silva, João Fernandes, Christian Nansen, Solange Maria De França, Mariana Breda, César Badji, José Vargas Oliveira, Gleberson Guillen Piccinin, Alan Augusto Donel, Alessandro Braccini, Gabriel Loli Bazo, Keila Regina Hossa Regina Hossa, Fernanda Brunetta Godinho Brunetta Godinho, Lilian Gomes De Moraes Dan, Maria Lourdes Aldana Madrid, Maria Isabel Silveira, Fabiola-Gabriela Zuno-Floriano, Guillermo Rodríguez-Olibarría, Patrick Kareru, Zachaeus Kipkorir Rotich, Esther Wamaitha Maina, Taema Imo Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2013 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. -
A Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, 1405–1419 ABR. See Auditory
Index A Acute chest syndrome, 2501 Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 1405–1419 Acute cold stress, 378 ABR. See Auditory brainstem response (ABR) Acute cytokines, 3931 Abyssinones, 4064, 4073 Acute estrogen deprivation, 1336 Accelerated atherosclerosis, 3473, 3474, Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), 2195, 2198, 3476, 3478 2209, 2246–2252, 2265 Accidental hypothermia, 376 Acute kidney injury (AKI), 2582–2584, ACEIs. See Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2587–2591 inhibitors (ACEIs) Acute respiratory distress syndrome, 635 A549 cells, 177, 178 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Acyl-CoADH), 307 Acetaldehyde, 651, 653, 1814 AD. See Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Acetaminophen, 630–631, 1825 Adaptation to intermittent hypoxia (AIH), N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), 2213–2214 1771, 1773–1775 Adaptive immunity in interstitial lung N-Acetylaspartate, 2436 disease, 1616 Acetylcholine (ACh), 2277, 2278, 2280, 2281, Adaptive response, 1796–1798 2286, 2910, 2915 Adaptor protein SchA, 915 Acetylcholine receptor (ACh-R), 2910 AD assessment scale, cognitive scale Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, 2356, (ADAScog), 2362 2359, 3684 Ade´liepenguins (Pygoscelis adeliae),53 N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, 3588–3590, 3592 Adenine, 900, 902, 932 Acetyl radical, 2761 Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), 900, Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 2382–2383 902–905, 917, 918, 921, 922, 928 ACh. See Acetylcholine (ACh) Adenosine, 382, 387, 1951, 1953–1954, 2915 Acid b-oxidation, 798 Adenosine deaminase, 2436, 2440 Acidosis, 380–381, 3950, 3951, 3954–3956 Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 3383–3386 Aconitase, -
Alpinia Galanga (L.) Willd
TAXON: Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. SCORE: 5.0 RATING: Low Risk Taxon: Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. Family: Zingiberaceae Common Name(s): false galangal Synonym(s): Languas galanga (L.) Stuntz greater galanga Maranta galanga L. languas Siamese-ginger Thai ginger Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 16 Jun 2016 WRA Score: 5.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Rhizomatous, Naturalized, Edible, Self-Compatible, Pollinator-Limited Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Low 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n Creation Date: 16 Jun 2016 (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.) Page 1 of 15 TAXON: Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. -
Influence of Whole-Wheat Consumption on Fecal Microbial Community
Influence of whole-wheat consumption on fecal microbial community structure of obese diabetic mice Jose F. Garcia-Mazcorro1,2, Ivan Ivanov3, David A. Mills4 and Giuliana Noratto5,# 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Auto´noma de Nuevo Leo´n, General Escobedo, Nuevo Leon, Mexico 2 Research Group Medical Eco-Biology, Universidad Auto´noma de Nuevo Leo´n, General Escobedo, Nuevo Leon, Mexico 3 Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States 4 Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States 5 School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States # Current Address: Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States ABSTRACT The digestive tract of mammals and other animals is colonized by trillions of metabolically-active microorganisms. Changes in the gut microbiota have been associated with obesity in both humans and laboratory animals. Dietary modifications can often modulate the obese gut microbial ecosystem towards a more healthy state. This phenomenon should preferably be studied using dietary ingredients that are relevant to human nutrition. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of whole-wheat, a food ingredient with several beneficial properties, on gut microorganisms of obese diabetic mice. Diabetic (db/db) mice were fed standard (obese-control) or whole-wheat isocaloric diets (WW group) for eight weeks; Submitted 28 October 2015 non-obese mice were used as control (lean-control). High-throughput sequencing Accepted 27 January 2016 using the MiSeq platform coupled with freely-available computational tools and Published 15 February 2016 quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze fecal bacterial 16S rRNA gene Corresponding authors sequences. -
Invasive Alien Plnat Species.Pdf
Punjab ENVIS Centre NEWSLETTER Vol. 11, No. 4, 2013-14 INVASIVE ALIEN PLANT SPECIES IN PUNJAB l Inform ta at n io e n m S Status of Environment & Related Issues n y o s r t i e v m n E www.punenvis.nic.in INDIA EDITORIAL The World Conservation Union (IUCN) defines alien invasive species as organisms that become established in native ecosystems or habitats, proliferate, alter, and threaten native biodiversity. These aliens come in the form of plants, animals and microbes that have been introduced into an area from other parts of the world, and have been able to displace indigenous species. Invasive alien species are emerging as one of the major threats to sustainable development, on a par with global warming and the destruction of life-support systems. Increased mobility and human interaction have been key drivers in the spread of Indigenous Alien Species. Invasion by alien species is a global phenomenon, with threatening negative impacts to the indigenous biological diversity as well as related negative impacts on human health and overall his well-being. Thus, threatening the ecosystems on the earth. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) found that trends in species introductions, as well as modelling predictions, strongly suggest that biological invasions will continue to increase in number and impact. An additional concern is that multiple human impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems will decrease the natural biotic resistance to invasions and, therefore, the number of biotic communities dominated by invasive species will increase. India one of the 17 "megadiverse" countries and is composed of a diversity of ecological habitats like forests, grasslands, wetlands, coastal and marine ecosystems, and desert ecosystems have been reported with 40 percent of alien flora species and 25 percent out of them invasive by National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource. -
Biologically Active Substances from Unused Plant Materials
Biologically active substances from unused plant materials Petra Lovecká1, Anna Macůrková1, Kateřina Demnerová1, Zdeněk Wimmer2 1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2Departement of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic Keywords: Magnolia, honokiol, obovatol, biological activities. Presenting author email: [email protected] Natural products, such as plants extract, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug discoveries because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. Probably based on historical background we utilize only certain plant parts. In many cases there is not enough of required material or collection damages plant itself. The possible solution we could find in utilization of unused or waste plant parts. This work is focused on analysis of bioactive compounds content in different parts of medicinal plants such as genus Magnolia. Stem bark of these trees are part of Chinese traditional medicine. The collection of stem bark is devastating for the tree. Flowers and leaves from Magnolia tripetala, Magnolia obovata and their hybrids were separately extracted with 80% methanol. Resulting methanolic extract were subsequently fractionated with chloroform under acidic conditions and mixture of chloroform and methanol under basic conditions in term of increasing polarity (Harborne, 1998) into four fractions, neutral, moderately polar, basic and polar extract. Each extract was screened -
Novel Bioactive Extraction and Nano-Encapsulation
Entry Novel Bioactive Extraction and Nano-Encapsulation Shaba Noore 1,2 , Navin Kumar Rastogi 3, Colm O’Donnell 2 and Brijesh Tiwari 1,2,* 1 Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] 2 School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] 3 Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Definition: An extraction technology works on the principle of two consecutive steps that involves mixture of solute with solvent and the movement of soluble compounds from the cell into the solvent and its consequent diffusion and extraction. The conventional extraction techniques are mostly based on the use of mild/high temperatures (50–90 ◦C) that can cause thermal degradation, are dependent on the mass transfer rate, being reflected on long extraction times, high costs, low extraction efficiency, with consequent low extraction yields. Due to these disadvantages, it is of interest to develop non-thermal extraction methods, such as microwave, ultrasounds, supercritical fluids (mostly using carbon dioxide, SC-CO2), and high hydrostatic pressure-assisted extractions which works on the phenomena of minimum heat exposure with reduced processing time, thereby minimizing the loss of bioactive compounds during extraction. Further, to improve the stability of these extracted compounds, nano-encapsulation is required. Nano-encapsulation is a process which forms a thin layer of protection against environmental degradation and retains the nutritional and Citation: Noore, S.; Rastogi, N.K.; functional qualities of bioactive compounds in nano-scale level capsules by employing fats, starches, O’Donnell, C.; Tiwari, B. -
Hinokinin, an Emerging Bioactive Lignan
Molecules 2014, 19, 14862-14878; doi:10.3390/molecules190914862 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Hinokinin, an Emerging Bioactive Lignan Maria Carla Marcotullio *, Azzurra Pelosi and Massimo Curini Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (M.C.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-075-585-5100; Fax: +39-075-585-5116. Received: 24 June 2014; in revised form: 10 September 2014 / Accepted: 10 September 2014 / Published: 17 September 2014 Abstract: Hinokinin is a lignan isolated from several plant species that has been recently investigated in order to establish its biological activities. So far, its cytotoxicity, its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities have been studied. Particularly interesting is its notable anti-trypanosomal activity. Keywords: cubebinolide; cytotoxicity; Trypanosoma; Chagas disease; antigenotoxic activity 1. Introduction Lignans are important components of foods and medicines biosynthetically deriving from the radical coupling of two molecules of coniferyl alcohol at C-8/C-8′ positions (Figure 1). They are classified in different groups—dibenzylfuran, dihydroxybenzylbutane, dibenzylbutyrolactol, dibenzylbutyrolactone, aryltetraline lactone and arylnaphtalene derivatives—on the basis of the skeleton oxidation [1] and of the way in which oxygen is incorporated into the skeleton [2] (Figure 1). Podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin are, perhaps, the most important biologically active lignans, and their properties have been broadly reviewed [3,4]. In these last years, the biological activities of several lignans have been studied in depth [5–7] and among them hinokinin (1) is emerging as a new interesting compound. -
Identification of Apigenin and Luteolin in Artemisia Annua L. for the Quality
Phadungrakwittaya et al. Identification of Apigenin and Luteolin inArtemisia annua L. for the Quality Control Rattana Phadungrakwittaya*, Sirikul Chotewuttakorn*, Manoon Piwtong**, Onusa Thamsermsang**, Tawee Laohapand**, Pravit Akarasereenont*,** *Department of Pharmacology, **Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. ABSTRACT Objective: To identify active compounds and establish the chemical fingerprint ofArtemisia annua L. for the quality control. Methods: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) conditions were developed to screen for 2 common flavonoids (apigenin and luteolin). Three mobile phases were used to isolate these flavonoids in 80% ethanolic extract of A. annua. Hexane : ethyl acetate : acetic acid (31:14:5, v/v) and toluene : 1,4-dioxane : acetic acid (90:25:4, v/v) were used in normal phase TLC (NP-TLC), and 5.5% formic acid in water : methanol (50:50, v/v) were used in reverse phase TLC (RP-TLC). Chromatograms were visualized under visible light after spraying with Fast Blue B Salt. Apigenin and luteolin bands were checked by comparing their Rf values and UV-Vis absorption spectra with reference markers. Results: Apigenin and luteolin were simultaneously detected with good specificity in RP-TLC condition, while only apigenin was detected in NP-TLC condition. Apigenin band intensity was higher than luteolin band intensity in both conditions. Conclusion: This knowledge can be applied to the development of quality control assessments to ensure product efficacy and consistency. Keywords: Artemisia annua L.; TLC fingerprint; apigenin; luteolin (Siriraj Med J 2019;71: 240-245) INTRODUCTION Thai herbal recipes that are published in The National Artemisia annua L., commonly known as sweet List of Essential Medicines.2 Several previous studies wormwood, is an annual plant in the Asteraceae (Compositae) reported that A.