DOCSLIB.ORG

View Open Access the Structure of Biodiversity – Insights from Molecular Phylogeography Godfrey M Hewitt*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
View Open Access the Structure of Biodiversity – Insights from Molecular Phylogeography Godfrey M Hewitt* Frontiers in Zoology BioMed Central Review Open Access The structure of biodiversity – insights from molecular phylogeography Godfrey M Hewitt* Address: Biological Sciences, UEA, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK Email: Godfrey M Hewitt* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 26 October 2004 Received: 18 October 2004 Accepted: 26 October 2004 Frontiers in Zoology 2004, 1:4 doi:10.1186/1742-9994-1-4 This article is available from: http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/1/1/4 © 2004 Hewitt; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract DNA techniques, analytical methods and palaeoclimatic studies are greatly advancing our knowledge of the global distribution of genetic diversity, and how it evolved. Such phylogeographic studies are reviewed from Arctic, Temperate and Tropical regions, seeking commonalities of cause in the resulting genetic patterns. The genetic diversity is differently patterned within and among regions and biomes, and is related to their histories of climatic changes. This has major implications for conservation science. Introduction chloroplast (cp) in plants and non-coding nuclear (nc) Phylogeography, named by Avise et al in 1987 [1], is a regions in both animals and plants. MtDNA has a rela- recent and rapidly developing field that concerns the geo- tively fast rate of nucleotide divergence, well suited to graphical distribution of genealogical lineages. It grew examining events over the last few million years, but those from the newly acquired technical ability to obtain DNA of cpDNA and ncDNA are an order of magnitude lower sequence variation from individuals across a species and consequently less useful for such young divergences. range, and from this to reconstruct phylogenies. These are More slowly evolving sequences are required for deeper then plotted geographically to display their spatial rela- phylogenetic history. For more recent events, like the last tionships and deduce the evolutionary origins and history 10 thousand years, highly variable markers are needed, of populations, subspecies and species [2,3]. Genetic rela- such as microsatellites and AFLPs, but whilst useful for tionships between species based on polytene chromo- population studies they suffer from homoplasy and pro- some banding patterns had been used earlier to deduce duce equivocal genealogies [3]. the geographic history of colonization and speciation by Drosophila of the Hawaiian Islands [4], and allozyme var- Techniques for obtaining DNA sequence information are iation may still complement DNA information, but the still advancing rapidly, with whole genome sequences ready access to mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences being produced in a growing number of organisms. This opened the door to most animal species and generated allows sequences and markers to be identified and devel- this new field [5]. oped for many types of investigation, and some will be useful for phylogeographic studies. In particular, it is clear DNA methods that genealogical data is required from several independ- Whilst mtDNA has lead the way in animal phylogeogra- ent nuclear loci to provide a fuller and more reliable his- phy, other DNA sequences are used, most commonly tory of the species [6]. Single nucleotide polymorphisms Page 1 of 16 (page number not for citation purposes) Frontiers in Zoology 2004, 1:4 http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/1/1/4 (SNPs) are also becoming available across the genome, Paleoclimate and Paleobiology which will produce comprehensive measures of genetic The very different field of paleoclimatology is also experi- diversity and allow the construction of better population encing great advances. The results of these are most perti- histories [7]. nent to phylogeographic explanations, since they reveal the past environmental conditions and changes that have Analytical approaches molded the evolutionary processes producing the present The advance in DNA technology is producing a wealth of genetic structure. They provide a framework in which the data for individuals, populations and species, and there phylogeny may be reconstructed. Past conditions can be are concomitant developments in analytical methods to deduced from carbon and oxygen isotopes, radiolarian divine demographic history and evolutionary relation- skeletons, pollen grains and other residues from the sea ships, and to test their significance. This progress in anal- bed, lake bottoms and ice sheets [16]. Novel information ysis is facilitated by access to increasingly powerful sources like insect exoskeletons, coral terraces and stalag- desktop computers on which the increasingly sophisti- mites are adding to this [17-20]. Such records show that cated software can be used. Haplotype sequences of a par- earth's climate has been cooling for some 60 my with peri- ticular DNA region can be ordered into a genealogical tree odic (21, 41 and 100 kyr) global oscillations producing or network, and hence produce their phylogeny. When increasingly severe ice ages through the Quaternary (2.4 combined with their population frequency and geo- my). These involved greatly enlarged ice sheets and sur- graphic distribution, this provides a strong basis for infer- rounding permafrost, and the lower temperatures and ences on the evolutionary history of the populations and reduced water availability caused great changes in the dis- species. The usual phylogeographic approach is to build a tribution of species as demonstrated by the fossil record phylogeny from haplotype sequences using distance, par- [16,21]. Nested within the major 100 kyr cycles are mil- simony and maximum likelihood methods and then rep- lennial scale oscillations, which can occur rapidly and are resent the lineages geographically. There are several often severe [22,23]. Changes of 7–15°C may occur in approaches that are regularly used, such as DNA Distance decades and persist for centuries, as happened most Phylogeography, Nested Clade Analysis, Haplotype Net- recently in the Younger Dryas (11 kya), where fossils works, Sequence Mismatch Distribution and Genetic and record shifts in the distributions of species. Demographic Simulation, e.g. PAUP and GeoDis [8-10]. This last approach uses computers to explore broadly how These major changes in distributions of species occurred DNA markers evolve in specified molecular, spatial and latitudinally as the ice sheets advanced and retreated, alti- demographic conditions over history, and is being used tudinally in major mountain regions, and also longitudi- increasingly [11]. Recent developments seek to use the nally where new dispersal routes became available, as for genetic data to estimate the demographic history of a pop- example the Bering land bridge produced by the lowered ulation, the dates of historical bottlenecks or expansions, sea level. The demographic fluctuations and adaptive the size of ancestral populations, the location of refugial challenges produced by such range changes would have areas, the dates of divergence, the extent of migration and had both stochastic and selective effects on the genetic gene flow, the extent of fragmentation, and the sequence variation and architecture, and the consequences of these of such events to produce the present geographic distribu- can be studied by genetic and phylogeographic tion of genotypes, e.g. [12-15]. We can expect further approaches. Thus the once distinct fields of paleobiology developments to provide even more discriminating and phylogeography are now being combined, and have analyses. much to tell us about how present biodiversity was structured. Each DNA sequence has its own genealogy and they may evolve at different rates. Furthermore, the various meth- Fossil and Genetic Signals of Range Changes ods of analysis probe different aspects of the molecular With some effort it is now possible to obtain DNA data and spatial history. Consequently, to reconstruct a species from specimens across the present range of a species, but phylogeographic history one would ideally like to use a fossil data is often more limited or absent. The most use- range of sequences (including nuclear, cytoplasmic, sex- ful fossil data are for Europe and North America, which linked, autosomal, conserved, neutral, high and low have extensive networks of pollen cores; a few span 3 ice mutation rate) and apply a suite of pertinent analyses. ages (400 kyr), several reach the last interglacial (125 kyr), This is not easy and often not possible with resources and a larger number cover back to the last glacial maxi- available. However, technological advances for molecules mum (LGM 23-18 kyr) [21]. There are also some helpful and computers have been explosive in the past decade, detailed series of beetle exoskeletons [24]; animal bones making much more detailed analysis possible today than and plant macrofossils tend to be localized and discontin- only a few years ago, and this looks set to continue. uous, but are nonetheless useful markers of time and place. Reconstructions of paleovegetation have been Page 2 of 16 (page number not for citation purposes) Frontiers in Zoology 2004, 1:4 http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/1/1/4 made, e.g. [25], which are quite detailed from the LGM to lations and processes involved in colonization [30]; this the present, and when
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Comparison of the Winter Diet of Long-Eared Owl Asio Otus in Two Communal Roosts in Lublin Region (Eastern Poland) According to Selected Weather Conditions
    ECOLOGIA BALKANICA 2014, Vol. 6, Issue 1 June 2014 pp. 103-108 The Comparison of the Winter Diet of Long-Eared Owl Asio otus in Two Communal Roosts in Lublin Region (Eastern Poland) According to Selected Weather Conditions Krzysztof Stasiak1*, Karolina Piekarska2, Bartłomiej Kusal3 1 - Department of Zoology, Animal Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 20-950 Lublin, POLAND 2 - Sierakowskiego 6A 24-100 Puławy, POLAND 3 - 15 PP Wilków 34/9 08-539 Dęblin, POLAND * Corresponding authors: [email protected] Abstract. The survey was conducted in two test areas in Wólka Kątna and Zemborzyce in Eastern Poland in winter 2012/2013. The winter diet of Long-eared Owl Asio otus in the test areas differed significantly. In Zemborzyce the Levins food niche breadth index and the Wiener-Shannon biodiversity index were strongly correlated with the average temperature and the snow depth, and not correlated with the precipitation. In Wólka Kątna no correlation was found. No correlation between the weather factors and the number of each prey species was found, except the Tundra Vole Microtus oeconomus in Zemborzyce, which occurrence in owls’ pellets was positively correlated with the temperature and negatively correlated with the snow depth. Seven factors describing the owls’ diet was chosen: average number of prey in one pellet, average number of prey per bird per day, share of Arvicolidae and Muridae in prey number and prey biomass, and the biomass of prey per bird per day. The share of Arvicolidae in biomass negatively correlated with the precipitation on the Zemborzyce test area and no other dependency between diet factors and weather conditions was found.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean Drilling Program Initial Reports Volume
    Ingle, J. C, Jr., Suyehiro, K., von Breymann, M. T., et al., 1990 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, Vol. 128 1. INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND, AND PRINCIPAL RESULTS OF LEG 128 OF THE OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM, JAPAN SEA1 Shipboard Scientific Party2 INTRODUCTION in the northern Yamato Basin, first drilled during Leg 127, to conduct two major geophysical experiments aimed at detailing The Japan Sea has been widely viewed as a prime example the structure of the deep crust and upper mantle beneath the of a back-arc basin ever since the emergence of plate tectonic Japan Sea (Fig. 2). We successfully accomplished all of these concepts of convergent margin evolution (Karig, 1971). Abys- tasks. In addition, we cored 190 m into the Miocene volcanic sal water depths exceeding 3000 m point to oceanic crust basement sequence beneath Site 794, initially penetrated beneath the western portions of the sea (Figs. 1 and 2). In during Leg 127, and conducted a pioneering microbiological contrast, tectonically emplaced shallow sills (<150 m) sepa- sampling program at Site 798 to establish the distribution and rate the sea from the adjacent Pacific Ocean and dictate its role of bacteria in the diagenesis of deep marine sediments. unusual oceanographic behavior (Fig. 1). The geology and The new data amassed through Legs 127 and 128 drilling geophysical structure of the Japanese Islands leave no doubt and through geophysical experiments provide heretofore un- regarding the presence of continental crust beneath the Japan available constraints on the timing, rates, and style of forma- Arc, and multiple evidence demonstrates that structurally tion of the deep basins, ridges, and rises of the eastern and isolated continental fragments are present in the Japan Sea central Japan Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Steinbauer, MJ, Field, R., Grytnes, J
    This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Steinbauer, M. J., Field, R., Grytnes, J.-A., Trigas, P., Ah-Peng, C., Attorre, F., Birks, H. J. B., Borges, P. A. V., Cardoso, P., Chou, C.-H., De Sanctis, M., de Sequeira, M. M., Duarte, M. C., Elias, R. B., Fernández-Palacios, J. M., Gabriel, R., Gereau, R. E., Gillespie, R. G., Greimler, J., Harter, D. E. V., Huang, T.-J., Irl, S. D. H., Jeanmonod, D., Jentsch, A., Jump, A. S., Kueffer, C., Nogué, S., Otto, R., Price, J., Romeiras, M. M., Strasberg, D., Stuessy, T., Svenning, J.-C., Vetaas, O. R. and Beierkuhnlein, C. (2016), Topography-driven isolation, speciation and a global increase of endemism with elevation. Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 25: 1097– 1107, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12469. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving. Manuscript in press in Global Ecology and Biogeography Topography-driven isolation, speciation and a global increase of endemism with elevation Manuel J. Steinbauer1,2, Richard Field3, John-Arvid Grytnes4, Panayiotis Trigas5, Claudine Ah-Peng6, Fabio Attorre7, H. John B. Birks4,8 Paulo A.V. Borges9, Pedro Cardoso9,10, Chang-Hung Chou11, Michele De Sanctis7, Miguel M. de Sequeira12, Maria C. Duarte13,14, Rui B. Elias9, José María Fernández-Palacios15, Rosalina Gabriel9, Roy E. Gereau16, Rosemary G. Gillespie17, Josef Greimler18, David E.V. Harter1, Tsurng-Juhn Huang11, Severin D.H. Irl1 , Daniel Jeanmonod19, Anke Jentsch20, Alistair S. Jump21, Christoph Kueffer22, Sandra Nogué23,4, Rüdiger Otto15, Jonathan Price24, Maria M.
    [Show full text]
  • Pulsed Miocene Range Growth in Northeastern Tibet: Insights from Xunhua Basin Magnetostratigraphy and Provenance
    Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on July 5, 2012 Pulsed Miocene range growth in northeastern Tibet: Insights from Xunhua Basin magnetostratigraphy and provenance Richard O. Lease1,†, Douglas W. Burbank1, Brian Hough2, Zhicai Wang3, and Daoyang Yuan3 1Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA 2Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA 3State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China ABSTRACT the north at ca. 22 Ma. Subsequently, growth and deposition initiating in the late Miocene on of the north-trending Jishi Shan occurred both the northern and eastern plateau margins. Sedimentary rocks in Tibetan Plateau at ca. 13 Ma and is highlighted by an accel- Some of the most compelling evidence derives basins archive the spatiotemporal patterns eration in Xunhua Basin accumulation rates from low-temperature thermochronological his- of deformation, erosion, and associated cli- between 12 and 9 Ma, as well as by a signifi - tories in uplifted mountain ranges where age- mate change that resulted from Cenozoic cant change in detrital zircon provenance of depth or time-temperature relationships exhibit a continental collision. Despite growing under- nearby Linxia Basin deposits by 11.5 Ma. Ini- clear transition to rapid cooling. Accelerated late standing of basin development in northeast- tial growth of the WNW-trending Laji Shan Miocene–Pliocene development of the eastern ern Tibet during initial India-Asia collision, in the early Miocene and subsequent growth plateau margin is revealed by detailed thermo- as well as in the late Miocene–Holocene, sur- of the north-trending Jishi Shan ~10 m.y.
    [Show full text]
  • Cycles and Synchrony in the Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx Groenlandicus) in Arctic North America
    Oecologia (2001) 126:216–224 DOI 10.1007/s004420000516 Martin Predavec · Charles J. Krebs · Kjell Danell Rob Hyndman Cycles and synchrony in the Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) in Arctic North America Received: 11 January 2000 / Accepted: 21 August 2000 / Published online: 19 October 2000 © Springer-Verlag 2000 Abstract Lemming populations are generally character- Introduction ised by their cyclic nature, yet empirical data to support this are lacking for most species, largely because of the Lemmings are generally known for their multiannual time and expense necessary to collect long-term popula- density fluctuations known as cycles. Occurring in a tion data. In this study we use the relative frequency of number of different species, these cycles are thought to yearly willow scarring by lemmings as an index of lem- have a fairly regular periodicity between 3 and 5 years, ming abundance, allowing us to plot population changes although the amplitude of the fluctuations can vary dra- over a 34-year period. Scars were collected from 18 sites matically. The collared lemming, Dicrostonyx groen- in Arctic North America separated by 2–1,647 km to in- landicus, is no exception, with earlier studies suggesting vestigate local synchrony among separate populations. that this species shows a strong cyclic nature in its popu- Over the period studied, populations at all 18 sites lation fluctuations (e.g. Chitty 1950; Shelford 1943). showed large fluctuations but there was no regular peri- However, later studies have shown separate populations odicity to the patterns of population change. Over all to be cyclic (Mallory et al. 1981; Pitelka and Batzli possible combinations of pairs of sites, only sites that 1993) or with little or no population fluctuations (Krebs were geographically connected and close (<6 km) et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversification of Muroid Rodents Driven by the Late Miocene Global Cooling Nelish Pradhan University of Vermont
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2018 Diversification Of Muroid Rodents Driven By The Late Miocene Global Cooling Nelish Pradhan University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons, Evolution Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Pradhan, Nelish, "Diversification Of Muroid Rodents Driven By The Late Miocene Global Cooling" (2018). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 907. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/907 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DIVERSIFICATION OF MUROID RODENTS DRIVEN BY THE LATE MIOCENE GLOBAL COOLING A Dissertation Presented by Nelish Pradhan to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specializing in Biology May, 2018 Defense Date: January 8, 2018 Dissertation Examination Committee: C. William Kilpatrick, Ph.D., Advisor David S. Barrington, Ph.D., Chairperson Ingi Agnarsson, Ph.D. Lori Stevens, Ph.D. Sara I. Helms Cahan, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT Late Miocene, 8 to 6 million years ago (Ma), climatic changes brought about dramatic floral and faunal changes. Cooler and drier climates that prevailed in the Late Miocene led to expansion of grasslands and retreat of forests at a global scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Chromosome Translocations
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Rapid Karyotype Evolution in Lasiopodomys Involved at Least Two Autosome ± Sex Chromosome Translocations Olga L. Gladkikh1☯, Svetlana A. Romanenko1,2☯*, Natalya A. Lemskaya1, Natalya A. Serdyukova1, Patricia C. M. O'Brien3, Julia M. Kovalskaya4, Antonina V. Smorkatcheva5, Feodor N. Golenishchev6, Polina L. Perelman1,2, Vladimir A. Trifonov1,2, Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith3, Fengtang Yang7, Alexander S. Graphodatsky1,2 a11111 1 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, 3 Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 4 Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 5 Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 6 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 7 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. OPEN ACCESS * [email protected] Citation: Gladkikh OL, Romanenko SA, Lemskaya NA, Serdyukova NA, O'Brien PCM, Kovalskaya JM, et al. (2016) Rapid Karyotype Evolution in Abstract Lasiopodomys Involved at Least Two Autosome ± Sex Chromosome Translocations. PLoS ONE 11 The generic status of Lasiopodomys and its division into subgenera Lasiopodomys (L. man- (12): e0167653. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0167653 darinus, L. brandtii) and Stenocranius (L. gregalis, L. raddei) are not generally accepted because of contradictions between the morphological and molecular data. To obtain cyto- Editor: Igor V. Sharakhov, Virginia Tech, UNITED STATES genetic evidence for the Lasiopodomys genus and its subgenera and to test the autosome to sex chromosome translocation hypothesis of sex chromosome complex origin in L.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Chromosomal Evolution in Enigmatic Mammal with XX in Both Sexes, the Alay Mole Vole Ellobius Alaicus Vorontsov Et Al., 1969 (Mammalia, Rodentia)
    COMPARATIVE A peer-reviewed open-access journal CompCytogen 13(2):Rapid 147–177 chromosomal (2019) evolution in enigmatic mammal with XX in both sexes... 147 doi: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v13i2.34224 DATA PAPER Cytogenetics http://compcytogen.pensoft.net International Journal of Plant & Animal Cytogenetics, Karyosystematics, and Molecular Systematics Rapid chromosomal evolution in enigmatic mammal with XX in both sexes, the Alay mole vole Ellobius alaicus Vorontsov et al., 1969 (Mammalia, Rodentia) Irina Bakloushinskaya1, Elena A. Lyapunova1, Abdusattor S. Saidov2, Svetlana A. Romanenko3,4, Patricia C.M. O’Brien5, Natalia A. Serdyukova3, Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith5, Sergey Matveevsky6, Alexey S. Bogdanov1 1 Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Pavlovsky Institu- te of Zoology and Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 3 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 4 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 5 Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Me- dicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 6 Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Corresponding author: Irina Bakloushinskaya ([email protected]) Academic editor: V. Lukhtanov | Received 1 March 2019 | Accepted 28 May 2019 | Published 20 June 2019 http://zoobank.org/4D72CDB3-20F3-4E24-96A9-72673C248856 Citation: Bakloushinskaya I, Lyapunova EA, Saidov AS, Romanenko SA, O’Brien PCM, Serdyukova NA, Ferguson- Smith MA, Matveevsky S, Bogdanov AS (2019) Rapid chromosomal evolution in enigmatic mammal with XX in both sexes, the Alay mole vole Ellobius alaicus Vorontsov et al., 1969 (Mammalia, Rodentia). Comparative Cytogenetics 13(2): 147–177. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v13i2.34224 Abstract Evolutionary history and taxonomic position for cryptic species may be clarified by using molecular and cy- togenetic methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Tapeworms of Rodents in the Republic of Buryatia, with Emphasis on Anoplocephalid Cestodes
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 8: 1-18 (2009) Review of tapeworms of rodents in the Republic of Buryatia 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.8.58 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Review of tapeworms of rodents in the Republic of Buryatia, with emphasis on anoplocephalid cestodes Voitto Haukisalmi1, Heikki Henttonen1, Lotta M. Hardman1, Michael Hardman1, Juha Laakkonen2, Galina Murueva3, Jukka Niemimaa1, Stanislav Shulunov4, Olli Vapalahti5 1 Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, Finland 2 Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland 3 Buryatian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Buryatia, Russian Federation 4 Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Irkutsk, Rus- sian Federation 5 Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Finland Corresponding author: Voitto Haukisalmi ([email protected] ) Academic editor: Boyko Georgiev | Received 30 October 2008 | Accepted 27 February 2009 | Published 28 April 2009 Citation: Haukisalmi V, Henttonen H, Hardman LM, Hardman M, Laakkonen J, Murueva G, Niemimaa J, Shu- lunov S, Vapalahti O (2009) Review of tapeworms of rodents in the Republic of Buryatia, with emphasis on anoplo- cephalid cestodes. ZooKeys 8: 1-18. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.8.58 Abstract Examination of ca. 500 rodents [Microtus spp., Myodes spp., Cricetulus barabensis (Pallas), Apodemus pe- ninsulae Th omas] from 14 localities in the Republic of Buryatia (Russian Federation) revealed a minimum of 11 cestode species representing Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 s. str. (1 species), Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 s.l. (5 species), Catenotaenia Janicki, 1904 (2 species), Arostrilepis Mas-Coma & Tenora, 1997 (at least 2 species) and Rodentolepis Spasskii, 1954 (1 species).
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Refugia: New Insights on Quaternary Climate Variation and the Evolution of Biotic Diversity in Tropical South America
    Beyond Refugia: New insights on Quaternary climate variation and the evolution of biotic diversity in tropical South America Paul A. Baker1*, Sherilyn C. Fritz2*, David S. Battisti3, Christopher W. Dick4, Oscar M. Vargas4, Gregory P. Asner5, Roberta E. Martin5, Alexander Wheatley1, Ivan Prates6 1 Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA, [email protected] 2 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA, [email protected] 3 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 5 Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tucson, AZ 85287, USA 6 Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract Haffer’s (1969) Pleistocene refuge theory has provided motivation for 50 years of investigation into the connections between climate, biome dynamics, and neotropical speciation, although aspects of the original theory are not supported by subsequent studies. Recent advances in paleoclimatology suggest the need for reevaluating the role of Quaternary climate on evolutionary history in tropical South America. In addition to the many repeated large-amplitude climate changes associated with Pleistocene glacial-interglacial stages (~ 40 kyr and 100 kyr cyclicity), we highlight two aspects of Quaternary climate change in tropical South America: (1) an east-west precipitation dipole, induced by solar radiation changes associated with Earth’s precessional variations (~20 kyr cyclicity); and (2) periods of anomalously high precipitation that persisted for centuries-to-millennia (return frequencies ~1500 yr) congruent with cold “Heinrich events” and cold Dansgaard-Oeschger “stadials” of the North Atlantic region.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 This Paper Explores
    Small mammals and paleovironmental context of the terminal pleistocene and early holocene human occupation of central Alaska Item Type Article Authors Lanoë, François B.; Reuther, Joshua D.; Holmes, Charles E.; Potter, Ben A. Citation Lanoë, FB, Reuther, JD, Holmes, CE, Potter, BA. Small mammals and paleovironmental context of the terminal pleistocene and early holocene human occupation of central Alaska. Geoarchaeology. 2019; 1– 13. https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21768 DOI 10.1002/gea.21768 Publisher WILEY Journal GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Rights © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Download date 07/10/2021 13:55:14 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final accepted manuscript Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/634952 Page 2 of 42 1 2 3 1 SMALL MAMMALS AND PALEOVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF THE TERMINAL 4 5 2 PLEISTOCENE AND EARLY HOLOCENE HUMAN OCCUPATION OF CENTRAL 6 3 ALASKA 7 8 4 François B. Lanoëab, Joshua D. Reutherbc, Charles E. Holmesc, and Ben A. Potterc 9 10 5 11 a 12 6 Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, 1009 E S Campus Dr, 13 7 Tucson, AZ 85721 14 bArchaeology Department, University of Alaska Museum of the North, 1962 Yukon Dr, 15 8 16 9 Fairbanks, AK 99775 17 10 cDepartment of Anthropology, University of Alaska, 303 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK 99775 18 19 11 20 21 12 Corresponding author: François Lanoë, [email protected] 22 23 13 24 25 14 Abstract 26 27 15 This paper explores paleoenvironmental and paleoecological information that may be obtained 28 16 from small-mammal assemblages recovered at central Alaska archaeological sites dated to the 29 30 17 Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene (14,500-8000 cal B.P.).
    [Show full text]
  • Montague Island Vole: a Conservation Assessment
    Montague Island Vole: A Conservation Assessment Ellen Weintraub Lance Pacific Northwest United States Forest Research Station Department of Service PNW-GTR-542 Agriculture May 2002 (Revised August 2002) Author Ellen Weintraub Lance was a wildlife biologist, Tongass National Forest, Thorne Bay Ranger District, P.O. Box 19001, Thorne Bay, AK 99919. She is now with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services, 605 W. 4th Avenue, Room G61, Anchorage, AK 99501. Abstract Lance, Ellen Weintraub. 2002. Montague Island vole: a conservation assessment. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-542. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 14 p. Montague Island tundra voles were first described in the early 1900s. Based on their large size and dark coloration relative to other island and mainland populations, tundra voles from Montague Island were classified as a distinct subspecies. Research conducted in the 1990s revealed significant differences in the size and shape of Montague Island voles, but not significant genetic differentiation. Montague Island voles appeared abundant in the 1990s, although there was no attempt to estimate population size. Montague Island voles may be reproductively and genetically isolated. More sensitive genetic techniques now can be used to test genetic distinctiveness across populations. A conservation concern exists owing to the unknown population status and still questionable taxonomy of this island endemic subspecies, because it is unknown if land management practices
    [Show full text]