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With Passion and Courage, out of Turkey Tells the Story of an Armenian Family's Dislocation, Separation, Immigration, Struggle and Survival

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With Passion and Courage, out of Turkey Tells the Story of an Armenian Family's Dislocation, Separation, Immigration, Struggle and Survival ADVANCE PRAISE With passion and courage, Out of Turkey tells the story of an Armenian family's dislocation, separation, immigration, struggle and survival. By the end of this saga, narrated chiefly by the author's uncle, there emerges a picture of a family sorely tried by Turkish tyranny but unbroken in spirit. Though highly partisan, this grim account of the Yessaian's odyssey from a once-peaceful village in central Turkey to an industrial city in the American Mid-west has the ring of bitter truth, balanced by moments of joy, humor, and reconciliation. The book as a whole commands at- tention through its ominous and stunning immediacy. Leo Hamalian City College of New York Out of Turkey is must reading for every Armenian, and indeed for every American who should know more about the Armenian genocide. It's more than a book of recollections about the life of Donik Yessaian and the people of Efkereh, an Armenian village decimated by the Ottoman Turks. As I read each page, I felt the pain and suffering the Yessaian clan had been forced to endure more than 75 years ago. It has a chilling effect that refuses to fade away because present-day Turkey still denies the first genocide of the 20th century. Some might suggest Harry Yessaian's chilling memoir is just another book for the bookcase. I beg to differ. The family memoirs of the Yessaians of those dark days that befell Efkereh and the burning of Smyrna, could also have been a story about the massacred Tarpinians of Erzeroum, the Sarkisians of Moush, the Manoogians of Sepastia, or the Bedrosians of Van. Out of Turkey is about the depopulation of historical Armenia, and the will of the Yessaian clan to survive and preserve a heritage antedating the birth of Christ. Should present-day Turkey be held responsible for the crimes of its predecessors? Read Out of Turkey and judge for yourself. Mitchell Kehetian The Macomb Daily ADVANCE PRAISE Harry Yessaian's story of his family during the Armenian genocide is analogous to the story of almost every Armenian who went through a similar ordeal but somehow miraculously survived. Harry put his family's suffering on record as testimony, while most of the others who suffered similar fates have been consigned to oblivion. This story is important not only for the Yessaian and Kouradjian families, but for history as well. Antranig Chalabian, Author A remarkable and moving book. Intrinsically very worthwhile and timely. John Davies, Writer and Book Critic Award Winning British Editor A very moving story . can be read in one breath. Artem Haroutiunian Professor of American Literature University of Yerevan Yerevan, Armenia OUT OF TURKEY Photograph of Donik "Haji Bey" Yessaian, in Smyrna, Ottoman Empire (Turkey), 1919. OUT OF TURKEY The Life Story of Donik "Haji Bey" Yessaian A family memoir as recollected by Harry Yessaian With Introduction, Footnotes, Afterword, and Bibliography for Reading by Dennis R. Papazian, Ph.D. The Armenian Research Center The University of Michigan-Dearborn 1994 Copyright © 1994 by Harry Yessaian. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, except by book reviewers, without the express written permission of C. R. Yessaian, 19230 Fry Road, Northville, MI 48167. Copyright © 1994 by Dennis R. Papazian, Introduction, Footnotes, Afterword, and Bibliography for Reading. All rights reserved. No part of these materials may be reproduced, except by book reviewers, without the express written permission of Dennis R. Papazian, Armenian Research Center, The University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI 48128-1491. 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Catalog card number: 94-071057 ISBN: 0-8142-2556-4 (pbk.: alk. paper) Cover design and photo layout by Nazareth Hadjian, assisted by Morris Johnson. Cover illustrations: Background photo is of the St. Stepanos [Stephen] Armenian Cathedral of Smyrna. Foreground photo is of Efkereh. Inset photo is of Donik "Haji Bey" Yessaian. DEDICATION I dedicate this book to Armenians everywhere, especially to the million and one-half who lost their lives in the genocide of the Armenians perpetrated by the Ottoman Turkish government between 1915 to 1922. * * * In addition, this book is dedicated to my father's three grandsons: To Dan, my eldest son, who is named after his grandfather, Donik "Haji Bey" Yessaian, and has inherited the musical talent of his great- great grandfather who composed religious music and hymns in the village of Efkereh. To Mark, my youngest son, who has inherited the wisdom and compassion of his grandfather. And to my nephew Chuck (Charles), the only son of my half-brother Garabed (Garbis, Charlie). Unfortunately, my nephew Chuck did not have the opportunity to know his grandfather "Haji Bey." Nevertheless, Chuck actually exudes the noble qualities, character, and high spirits of my generous, charismatic father Haji Bey Yessaian. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ........................................ix Foreword by the First Grandson.............................xi Introduction by Dennis R. Papazian .........................xiii Illustrations follow page 146 CHAPTER ONE A Village Still Sleeping ................................... 1 CHAPTER TWO Farewell to Efkereh...................................... 15 CHAPTER THREE Bound for Smyrna ....................................... 24 CHAPTER FOUR A Flirtation with Allah ................................... 29 CHAPTER FIVE Our Good Samaritan ..................................... 37 CHAPTER SIX Adventures of the Road................................... 62 CHAPTER SEVEN Haji Bey Comes Home................................... 76 CHAPTER EIGHT Death in the Woods ...................................... 84 CHAPTER NINE Justice on the Trail ...................................... 94 CHAPTER TEN A Question of Honor .................................... 102 CHAPTER ELEVEN A Time for Decision.................................... 106 CHAPTER TWELVE Welcome to America, 1910 .............................. 114 CHAPTER THIRTEEN Early Days in Detroit ................................... 122 CHAPTER FOURTEEN A Black Day in the Village ............................... 142 CHAPTER FIFTEEN The House on the Cliff .................................. 159 CHAPTER SIXTEEN A Family Greets the New Land ........................... 169 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN viii Contents Terror and Outrage in Smyrna ............................ 182 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Krikor's Ordeal ........................................ 202 CHAPTER NINETEEN Business as Usual ...................................... 208 CHAPTER TWENTY Adding Up a Life ...................................... 218 EPILOGUE ............................................ 222 AFTERWORD.......................................... 225 by Dennis R. Papazian Part I: Outline of Early Armenian History .................. 226 Part II: The Armenian Genocide.......................... 232 Bibliography for Reading .................................. 253 Acknowledgements The publication of this book would not have been possible without the involvement and support of many wonderful relatives and friends. To all of them, I extend my deepest appreciation and gratitude. To my dear wife Joyce, who kept me at the computer to the point of exhaustion until my writing was finished. To my dear Uncle Nazar, who spent many mornings, days, and nights relating to me the exciting story of my father Haji Bey, his brothers, and his family. To my dear mother, Victoria, who told me the stories about my great- grandfather, Sarkis Aga, my great-grandmother, Sultan Hanim, and the whole Kouradjian family in Smyrna. To my Uncle Krikor [George], who finally was able to tell me the story of the horrors he witnessed during the Turkish occupation of Smyrna. To my beloved late brother Charles and his wife Rose; to my sister Alice Teberian; to all my aunts — Rose Torosian, Sarah Torigian, Artemis Torosian, and Arous Waterian; and to my Uncle Jim Kouradjian and his wife Betty, for their stories and information. I have tried my best to reflect everyone's account accurately. To the human dynamo and philanthropist, my nephew Chuck (the son of Charlie and Rose Yessaian), and his dear wife Tulie, special thanks are due. It is because of Chuck's enthusiasm for, as well as perseverance and faith in the manuscript, that he brought the team together which finally produced this book. He also underwrote the cost of this publication so that the proceeds from the first printing could be used to aid the children of Armenia. To Alice Nigoghosian, Associate Director of the Wayne State University Press, for her untiring labors, valuable editorial expertise, and freely giving of her book publishing experience to see the work through production. To Dennis Papazian, Professor of History at the University of Michigan-Dearborn and Director of the Armenian Research Center, for providing the Introduction, Footnotes, Afterword, and Bibliography for Reading. Professor Papazian made a trip to Efkereh and Smyrna for the purpose of verifying several items in this book. I also thank his dear wife Mary. x Acknowledgments I am indebted to Alice Nigoghosian and Dennis Papazian for their willingness to devote their total energies over a period of several months to see the book through to publication. To my cousin Rosemary Torigian, to the late Tom Charles, to La-Nona Robinson and to her husband Carl, to Gladys Craemer, to Vahakn Dadrian, to Marjorie Housepian Dobkin, to George and Lena Chacker [Chackerian], to Antranig Chalabian, to Edward Korkoian, to the
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