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The Apocryphal Gospels A NOW YOU KNOW MEDIA W R I T T E N GUID E The Apocryphal Gospels: Exploring the Lost Books of the Bible by Fr. Bertrand Buby, S.M., S.T.D. LEARN WHILE LISTENING ANYTIME. ANYWHERE. THE APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS: EXPLORING THE LOST BOOKS OF THE BIBLE WRITTEN G U I D E Now You Know Media Copyright Notice: This document is protected by copyright law. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. You are permitted to view, copy, print and distribute this document (up to seven copies), subject to your agreement that: Your use of the information is for informational, personal and noncommercial purposes only. You will not modify the documents or graphics. You will not copy or distribute graphics separate from their accompanying text and you will not quote materials out of their context. You agree that Now You Know Media may revoke this permission at any time and you shall immediately stop your activities related to this permission upon notice from Now You Know Media. WWW.NOWYOUKNOWMEDIA.COM / 1 - 800- 955- 3904 / © 2010 2 THE APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS: EXPLORING THE LOST BOOKS OF THE BIBLE WRITTEN G U I D E Table of Contents Topic 1: An Introduction to the Apocryphal Gospels ...................................................7 Topic 2: The Protogospel of James (Protoevangelium of Jacobi)...............................10 Topic 3: The Sayings Gospel of Didymus Judas Thomas...........................................13 Topic 4: Apocryphal Infancy Gospels of Pseudo-Thomas and Others .......................16 Topic 5: Jewish Christian Apocryphal Gospels ..........................................................19 Topic 6: The Gospel of Peter or the Gospel of the Cross............................................22 Topic 7: The Gospel of Judas......................................................................................25 Topic 8: The Gospel of Mary Magdalene ...................................................................28 Topic 9: The Secret Gospel of Mark ...........................................................................32 Topic 10: The Gospel of Philip (Gnostic Beginnings)..................................................35 Topic 11: The History of Joseph the Carpenter.............................................................38 Topic 12: The Transitus Mariae Texts: Mary’s Dormition and Assumption................41 WWW.NOWYOUKNOWMEDIA.COM / 1 - 800- 955- 3904 / © 2010 3 THE APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS: EXPLORING THE LOST BOOKS OF THE BIBLE WRITTEN G U I D E Program Summary What don’t you know about Jesus? This question has stirred the world’s imagination in recent years. From blockbuster books like The Da Vinci Code to heated discussions about a new translation of the Gospel of Judas, it’s clear that we are just as fascinated by the gaps in Jesus’ life as were his ancient early followers. The body of literature known as the Apocryphal gospels evolved in response to questions that could not be found in the canonical New Testament. Some gifted writers, between the 1st and 7th centuries, then tried to create gospels that would address the issues of their community. To give authority to such works, they gave them names of the famous apostles who surrounded Jesus thus we have a gospel for almost every apostle. The apocryphal gospels are only a small part of the overall apocryphal works of early Christian literature. They display the great diversity among the churches in the early centuries of Christianity and provide us with valuable glimpses of the beliefs of early Christians. This course will address the 40 most important of the gospels and the controversies that surround them. What You Will Learn The apocryphal gospels devote many pages to the early years of Jesus and his interaction with Joseph and Mary. The Infancy Gospel of Thomas speaks of the extraordinary miracles of the child Jesus and sometimes shows his mischievous behavior. Mary, the mother of Jesus is also of particular interest in these works. The Proto-Gospel of James which gives us the life of Mary up to her sixteenth year, relates the narrative of her parents, Anna and Joachim, and her presentation in the Jerusalem Temple as a child. Though it is clear that there is no historical evidence for much of this material, like the canonical gospels, there are lessons for our faith within their words. This 12-lectrure course will also address the famous Sayings Gospel of Thomas that confirms the existence of a collection of sayings of Jesus that we call the Quelle or "Q Source," a source scholars believe was the uniting element of the Synoptic Gospels. WWW.NOWYOUKNOWMEDIA.COM / 1 - 800- 955- 3904 / © 2010 4 THE APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS: EXPLORING THE LOST BOOKS OF THE BIBLE WRITTEN G U I D E Fr. Bert Buby, S.M., will take you on an adventure through these intriguing stories that influenced the founders of our faith. WWW.NOWYOUKNOWMEDIA.COM / 1 - 800- 955- 3904 / © 2010 5 THE APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS: EXPLORING THE LOST BOOKS OF THE BIBLE WRITTEN G U I D E About Your Presenter Fr. Bertrand Buby is a member of the Society of Mary or the Marianists. He teaches courses on Mary at the International Marian Research Institute at the University of Dayton and is Professor Emeritus at the University of Dayton. Fr. Bert is past president of the Mariological Society of America and is a member of the Pontifical International Marian Academy. He is the author of the trilogy Mary of Galilee, Mary Faithful Disciple, With a Listening Heart, and also a book on his founder’s use of Marian texts. Fr. Bert obtained his licentiate in Scripture from the Pontifical Biblical Institute and his doctorate in Marian Theology from the International Marian Research Institute at the University of Dayton. His previous programs with Now You Know Media include Mary, the Mother of Jesus and Revelation. WWW.NOWYOUKNOWMEDIA.COM / 1 - 800- 955- 3904 / © 2010 6 THE APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS: EXPLORING THE LOST BOOKS OF THE BIBLE WRITTEN G U I D E Topic 1: An Introduction to the Apocryphal Gospels A) The word apocrypha refers to something that is hidden or obscure. When linked to the gospels that belong to the category of apocryphal writings of the New Testament, the genre taken from the canonical scriptures is applied to a specific type of writing. The other apocryphal writings follow the genres given in the New Testament: Acts, Epistles, and Apocalyptic which refers like the Apocalypse (Revelation) to the last days or the end time. B) There is evidence of about forty such gospels that are given titles such as the Gospel of Mary Magdalene or the Gospel of Peter which may mean they are featured or some may have been supposedly written by a specific apostle like Thomas. He happens to have two works associated with him under the genre of gospel. Pseudonymity is one of the characteristics of these works. One takes the name of a famous person like St. Peter and then applies it to a gospel to give it credibility and authority for the audience or readers. All of these gospels are using names that were not the authors of them. In fact, sometimes a given apocryphal gospel could have another title as we see in the Protoevangelium of James. C) The apocryphal gospels are only a portion of these writings which go beyond one hundred named documents. Some are only remnants of a larger work or a piece of papyrus that is identified with an apocryphal work. Most of the documents have been discovered in the last two centuries in Upper Egypt and Middle Egypt. The most famous discovery is that of the discovery made at Nag Hammadi in December of 1945 where over fifty different tractates or types of apocrypha were found. They may have been preserved by the monks of St. Pachomius (292-348 A.D.) and then hidden in the nearby mounds or hills and discovered by a peasant of the area. D) These gospels are not similar to our canonical ones which primarily are the kerygma that preached the Good News of Jesus consisting of his words and deeds in order to initiate, catechize, and develop the faith of the believers. Among the apocryphal gospels are those that emphasize the early childhood of Jesus and his behavior at five, seven, and twelve. Others are just sayings that are collected and are similar and often very different from the normative gospels. There are some writings that also speak of the Passion and Death of Jesus and are post-Resurrection like the Gospel of Peter called the Gospel of the Cross. And there are dialogues between Jesus and some of the apostles as well as with Mary Magdalene and Peter and Andrew who do not give her any credibility whereas a Levi (Matthew) does. E) There are legends also about the lands in which the apostles labored as missionary preachers of the gospels. Thomas is associated with India; Andrew with Greece and Syria, etc. Some of the devotions and stories we have heard stem from such gospels about the apostles and the early martyrs. F) The Old Testament writings are also helpful in studying the New Testament Apocrypha. James H. Charlesworth has collected the testament and literature surrounding the works of the Old Testament; they, however, are called “pseudoepigrpahy” literature. Several of these are used in the New Testament Apocrypha and the Gnostic quality of these gospels usually WWW.NOWYOUKNOWMEDIA.COM / 1 - 800- 955- 3904 / © 2010 7 THE APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS: EXPLORING THE LOST BOOKS OF THE BIBLE WRITTEN G U I D E center on stories developed from the early chapters of the Genesis that deal with Adam and Eve and their offspring. “These texts are of great value to all people whose religious heritage focuses on the Bible for insight into development of doctrine. By studying the pseudoepigrapha we can increase our knowledge of the beginnings of the Christian religion, as well as the development of Judaism after the close of the Hebrew Bible.” (back cover of Charlesworth’s Vol.1). G) The eleven presentations that follow were carefully selected to give the listener a type of chronological look at the gospels chosen and to show the life of Jesus from its beginnings (through Protoevangelium of James) to the death of both his foster father Joseph (an apocrypha that covers the dying days and hours of Joseph with Jesus and his mother nearby to console and comfort him).
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