Dear Reader, The SCRAM Energy Bulletin is five years old with this issue. We started it, and in a way continue it, as the news­ letter prorect of a small local group away in the tar north. Yet we fulf1ll an mcreasingly valued role for people all over the country campaign1ng on Energy and Disarmament issues. What we need now is more subscribers and more Supponing Members - hence the Urgent Request on the back cover. We are determined to dissolve the false barriers between the energy campaigns and the Peace Movement. The resu lt is the special 4-page broadsheet which comes free with this Issue. We hope you trnd it usef ul-bulk rates are available. This month also marks the first anniversary of the Socialist Government In France. While good in parts - like the creation of a new Renewab le Energy Agency with £30m Research budget - our European correspondent paints a sorry picture of broken prom1ses on nuclear matters. Nearest home, we as a campaign have been participating in the broad coalition opposing the PW R - Sizewell Co­ ordination. W e feel it's very important how the movement approaches the forthcoming Inquiry. W e are publishing two views on tactics In the hope they will set you thinking. All these and the other topics covered in this issue make us ever more committed to continuing and Improving the magazine. We Invite your participation, both with news Items, graphics, photos and by your financial support. ARSON ATTACK

On the evening of Friday 16th April the SCRAM offices were broken into, and our extensive library and filing sys­ t ems were seriously damaged by fire. The offices are on the fourth floor and access was gained via builders' scaffolding at the rear of the building. All four offices had obviously been This magazine la produced for the ransacked before the fire was deliberately started in the Sizewelllnqulry 3 Anti-Nuclear, Safe Energy end Dla­ library. Police are treating the attack as arson. News 4,5 armement movements In Britain by What we lost Pacific News 6 the Scottish Campaign to Raalat the Socialist Promises 7 Atomic Menace. As a result or the fire we have lost much of our printed marerlal. SCRAM, 11 Forth St, Edinburgh 1. This Includes: all of our journal collection (250 titles. 2500 items), W.O.N.T./ This Issue Is the work of Adam, most of our books and some of the recently-collated newspaper cut­ Nuclear Free Scotland 8 Bernt Claire, Davld, Delrdre, Dun­ tings collection. We also lost office equipment including an elec­ Wasters 9 can and Olwen. We welcome con­ tric typewriter, a duplicator, three filing cabinets. and desks, CHP - SLOW tributions for the next Issue to be chairs and bookshelves. Appropriate Energy 10 published end of July. Since the arson attack on us we have heard of s1mllar dreadful A Way Forward? 12 Printed by Aberdeen Peoples· Press. 163 King St., Aberdeen. things occurring elsewhere. Oerry Anti-Nuclear Group in Ulster Tidal Power 13 and Catford CND offices In Kent have both been fire-bombed and (0224-29669). Reviews 14 Typesettlng by Joy Leys at SCP, 30 the Edinburgh University Publications Board off1ce windows were Grindlay St Edinburgh 3. (031· smashed and Brit1sh Movement graffiti daubed around. The Ob­ 229-3574) server (25.4.82) presumed our fire and the attack on the Peace Distribution by Full Time Distribu­ Camp at Caerwent were both examples of a growing right wing tion, 17 Balfe St., London N1 . (01- movement against peace groups in this country. 837-1460) and by Scottish & North­ ern Books Distribution Co-op, 48a What we need Hamilton PI.. Edinburgh 3. 1031- Our most urgent requirements are money to replace material; a 225-4950). typewriter and filing cabinets - we may be able to collect; and ISSN 0140 7340 BI-monthly copies of rare or special documents. We are extremely grateful to those who have responded to the Appeal so far (see page 15). You The bi-llne 'WISE' on many of our news stories stands for ' World can all be assured that the money will be wisely spent and that the Information Service on Energy' . re-formed Library always open for everyone to use freely . This Is an International news net­ The tire was rather Ironic because, as we mentioned In the last - work serving movement publica· SCRA M Members Newsletter, our lease has expired on 30 Fred­ lions and activists. Don't waste W ISE publishes a monthly maga­ erick Street. After hectic searching we have now found new pre-. it I zine, a Stop Uranium Newsletter mises at streellevel. There are seven rooms, on two floors, some of and a fortnlg11t ly News Commun­ which we shall share with other organisations. Within a month we Ique - which we use for these hope to move In the Smiling Sun l!hop and Mall Order Service as stories. well. Although all mall and phone calls will be redirected WISE Is partly funded by a one please note our change of address to: penny royalty on all Smiling Sun badges and stickers sold, but they also Invite your support. Se11d £1 SCRAM, 11 Forth Street, Edinburgh EH13LE. for samptecop1es to:- Please also send any Fire Damage Appeal donations WISE Oxford , 34 Cowley Rd ., ..-----.. to this address. Thanks . .-----• Oxlord.(0865 725354] . 2 June/ July '82 SCRAM Energy Bulletin An extraordinary Public Inquiry. held under the 1909 Electric Lighting Act, is due to open at Snape Hall, Suffolk next January. lt will consider an application by the Central El_. tricity Generating Board [CEGB] for consent to construct Sizewell 'B' • Bri­ tain's first Pressurised Water Reactor [PWR). Though if promises to be the biggest jamboree on the energy scene since the '77 Windscale Inquiry many doubt the wisdom of taking part. We print here two of the opposing strands of opinion .

"To participate or not?" That Is the question that every­ Public Inquiries are sops to democracy. They are a one is asking in the anti-nuclear movement at the moment. charade- like asking someone if they would prefer ampu­ Here are a few reasons why I feel that as many groups as tation of either a leg or an arm. Even so, we all find it possible should be taking part in the farce at the Sizewell difficult to accept that the system does not respond to Inquiry. logical argument and public opinion. I hope I.' m proved to Firstly, I believe that public inquiries are rigged by be wrong , but already our opponents see that the carrot governments with the result that what governments want they've dangled in front of the anti-nuclear donkey is they get. Why then take part? I believe that this govern­ getting the expected results. lt seems to Greenpeace that ment is as capable of losing a public inquiry. with the help the PWR Inquiry has appeared as an empty stage, upon of the Atomic Energy Authority, as it is of winning one. which the flood-lights have just fallen, leaving some of the Consider Mrs Thatcher's commitment to the expansion of ranks already jockeying for position. And the danger is nuclear power, and the various "vested interests" nudging that all our energies and money will be spent pursuing the at her elbow. To achieve their aims it is not necessary to PWR Inquiry carrot and we'll emerge exhausted, skint build a PWR; an AGR fits the bill equally well, better If and doubtless still hungry. you want more weapons grade plutonium. I feel that the Certain public Inquiries have no doubt been useful government might want to loose the Sizewell PWR In­ staging posts along the road to change. But we feel that it quiry. Before committing me to a pyschiatric ward consid­ is the way we use the public inquiry system which is a er the following points: measure of our integrity. We believe that for this inquiry (a) To lose a PWR Inquiry at Sizeweli would restore faith the national groups should be providing the local people of in the inquiry system at least in the eyes of the general Leiston and Suffolk, who would live In the shadow of the public. wretched reactor, the legal , financial and technical back­ (b) To lose on safety grounds would bolster public confi­ up they need to make their appeal to the nation. They dence as the system would be seen to safeguard should co-ordinate opposition from outside, using their health. Refusing to build an unsafe PWR proves that considerable powers of organisation to address, not from a the existing AGR's are safe. purely technical stand-point, questions of quality of life, (c) To lose a public inquiry in which the opposition has post-Industrialism and social direction. refused to take part, destroys the credibility of that opposition. lt adds credence to Government bodies as In order to effect change, the powers that be must feel guardians of the public Interest and public inquiries threatened. We will not threaten them within the forum of in particular. a public inquiry. They are the experts; they set the rules, A senior member of the CEGB has told me that the appoint the referee and linesmen and field most of the decision on Sizewell will probably be made by the House players. Greenpeace believes that a boycott of the Size­ of Commons and not by the Secretary of State. Reviewing well Inquiry by all the well known, Influential groups the present positions of the political parties - (ie. Labour would have a far more telling effect on public opinion than antl-PWR pro AGR; SDP anti-PWR ? AGR; Liberal anti­ our attendance, which would merely legitimise the nuclear; Conservative pro-nuclear but quite a number of charade. We should collectively state that the broad anti­ Tory MPs are anti PWR)- it Is not an improbable asses­ nuclear movement will not participate in haggling over sment to suggest that given a free vote in Parliament whether a PWR or an AGR is built at Sizewell. We should first demand Government action on stringent energy con­ PWRs will not be built in Britian. The CEGB already has servation standards, promotion of CHP schemes nation­ planning permission for an AGR at Sizeweli and could go ally and greatly Increased funding for renewable energy ahead with their plans for a second station without a fur­ sources. We believe that If these demands were ever met ther public inquiry. there would be no PWR Inquiry. Don't rush to defend the The anti-nuclear movement should take part so that, if front door when the back door as ajar. Boycott the Inquiry! my analysis is correct, we can claim the victory. The ques­ Pete Wllkinson for Greenpeace Ltd. tion we should be asking is "Can we afford not to take We welcome your letters on tactics the movement should take on part?" George Pritchard from Cornwall. Sizewell. Keep them short! SCRAM Energy Bulletin June/July '12 3 SIZEWELL Promises, Promises Latest employment figures COORDINATION show that the SSEB's promise of 'substantial local employment Dirty Windscale The Sizewelllnquiry is coming soon. Start preparing now, opportunities', resulting from Britain's Windscale repro­ is the feeling of the twenty-five plus organisations already the construction and operation cessing plant is the world's meeting in a loose coalition entitled Sizewell Co-ordination. of the AGR at Torness, were most polluting nuclear estab­ All the major groups have had formal applications for funding completely unfounded. The pro­ lishment according to the new rejected by Government. But they say that unless public funds are portion of the workforce drawn from the immediate area, le. report from the Political Ecology forthcoming - (several £100,000's would be needed) then the Research Group (PERG). Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) case for the new East Lothian, has reached a There is absolutely no doubt Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) could not be adequately scruti­ plateau at 22%. Likewise only that Windscale would not be nised as the Government wishes. 33o/o of the workforce comes allowed to operate anywhere from within a radius of 35 miles else in the world. The UK All the major groups have had will have a role. including the City of Edinburgh formal applications for funding accounts for at least 95o/o of The Anti-Nuclear Campaign and the Borders region. all sea-dumped radioactivity rejected by Government. But ANC is making good progress they say that unless public The Manpower Services and Windscale is easily res­ with the Unions, though I was Commission report that there ponsible for at least half of this. funds are forthcoming - (several shocked to hear that at their are plenty of unemployed local Over the past 25 years the plant £100,000s would be needed) recent T.U. meeting in Ipswich people suitable for work at has released more than one­ then the Central Electricity the E. Anglian Alliance was Torness. So the SSEB's ori­ quarter ton of plutonium illto Generating Board (CEGB) case barred from speaking. ginal promise that at least 40% the Irish sea. The report sum­ for the new Pressurised Water Slzewell Co-ordination is unique of the total workforce employed marises scientific data showing Reactor (PWR) could not be in bringing together those con­ on the Torness project would be adequately scrutinised as the that levels of plutonium In Cum­ sidering participating and those 'local', has never come true. bria around Windscale an~ 10-15 Government wishes. who will not. If your group So both the CEGB, through the Another cruel example of times greater than the present wishes to participate in this how massive civil construction normal and 100-1000 times local Tory MP John Gummer, forum contact Jennifer Arm­ and the UKAEA, in the form of schemes like this, pursued in a greater in sheep and cattle. strong, East Anglian Alliance rural area to which it bears their boss Waiter Marshal!, are Against Nuclear Power, nought but a harmful relation­ Available from PERG, 34 trying to cobble together 'in­ 2 St Helens Street, Ipswich. Cowley Road, Oxford. £5.50 ship, do not relieve unemploy­ dependent' trusts. These would [0473- 214308 Day]. ment. (50p p&p) or from SCRAM only pay for research into the Mail Order Service. objectors' case. Marshal!, also The first 'Pre-lnquiry' meeting head of the heroic 'PWR Task held by the Inspector, Sir Frank A Warm Seat? Force' wants to divert some of Layfield, at Snape Maltings, The public toilets to be built the AEA's 'education' budget Suffolk is on 1-3 June. Contact at the King George V playing for his fund which would be run D.P. Hauser, Inquiry Secretary, field in Portree may have a solar by third parties. Rm 1459, Thames House South, panel on the roof to help pro­ So even if the Government London SW1, asking to be put vide hot water. Chief executive won't budge the nuclear estab­ on their mailing list for infor­ Mr. David Noble told mem­ lishment are clearly worried that mation. bers of the Skye and Lochalsh the Inquiry would be discredited For ourselves we shall be pre­ District Council environment if there were no 'genuine' oppo­ paring a special 4-page broad­ committee this week that the sition presenting evidence. sheet on the Background to solar panel was something Further, at a recent conference Sizewell for all groups to buy in which could be dropped from the otherwise super-confident bulk and use in local agitational the plans if costs proved pro­ Marshal acknowledged that work. 1t will come free as an hibitive. weapons proliferation is the insert with next SCRAM Energy W. Highland Free Press 14.4.82 issue he feels the industry can­ Bulletin at the end of July. not answer. So doubtless CND David Somervell Derailed The goods train returning a spent nuclear fuel flask or Smelter Deal? smelter has a power price 'coffin' from Windscale to Brad­ lt appears that a special below that of lnvergordon's. well in Essex was derailed at 'cheap power' deal for the ln­ Some reports suggest it will Holbeck, close to Leeds city vergordon Aluminium Smelter continue until the long-delayed centre, at 7.30 a.m. on Wed­ has been approved by the Dungeness B nuclear power nesday 10th March. Fifteen of government. The announce­ station reaches its designed the forty wagons were derail­ ment has come near the end of output capacity. Reports also ed but the wagon with the the time that British Alumin­ suggest that this is unlikely ever empty 'coffin' remained on the ium, the operators, agreed to to be achieved. The subsidy line. Police promptly sealed off maintain the factory. The is paid, in effect, by the CEGB the area. estimated cost of maintenance consumers since no government Tony Hudson of the National has been around £500,000 per grants cover it. Radiological Protection Board month. Some reports suggest The proposed new deal for announced that the flask 'was that the plant has not been "A nuclear worker was treat­ I nvergordon is apparently a absolutely empty and sparkling ed for radioactive contamina­ maintained as well as the clean'. Though flasks are wash­ company promised. £20 million subsidy to supply tion at Hunterston nuclear power generated by coal sta­ ed out at Windscale, there Is no power station in Ayrshire, SW The last month has seen tions(!) in the South of Scotland. guarantee that they are "safe". Scotland after falling 30 feet into angry outbursts from North This may involve the purchase There was a spillage from a a spent fuel cooling pond. The Scotland because of the sub­ of part of Kincardine power similar flask at Barrow Docks, pond was empty of fuel and sidies paid to smelters in the station by a new smelter oper­ in May '79- following which the contained only 2 feet of water. rest of the UK being greater ator, with guaranteed back-up affected concrete had to be re­ The man suffered a small than for lnvergordon. Alcan's hydro power generation. All moved. amount of contamination in one Lynemouth smelter has a spe­ that's needed now is the in­ Another derailment took finger." - from the quarterly cial supply deal with the Na­ creasingly unlikely approach place on March 31st near Wake­ report on nuclear incidents by tional Coal Board and R.T.Z. from a new operator. With field. lt Is reported that the the Health and Safety Execu­ Kaiser Aluminium, the opera­ world stocks of aluminium ingot wagon was again carrying an tive. tors of the Anglesey smelter at record levels it seems a empty flask from Windscale to a Eds note: US activists nick­ in Wales, have a special forlorn hope. power station In the South. name these ponds radioactive arrangement with the CEGB; Financial Times, Sunday Standard, Routing Out- Waste Transport 'swimming pools'. this is a subsidy by which the. Scotsman 20.4. to 6.5.82 Bulletin Jan/Mar. '82 4 June I July '82 SCRAM Energy Bulletin ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 30 Deferred No Choice! Poisoned Campaigns Succeed The United States Nuclear On March 27th one thousand Two Canadian nuclear work­ Robert Blacklth reports from Regulatory Commission pre­ people demonstrated at Chooz, ers have been awarded compen­ Dublin that "In Ireland the dicts that as many as nineteen In France against the govern­ sation for damace to their health whole nuclear farce has been power plants currently under ment's decision to build a se­ incurred through radiation poi­ put on the long finger for '10 to construction In the USA will be cond reactor there. Chooz is soning. 20 years' , which In practice cancelled or deferred indefinite­ on the French I Belgian border While officials deny that means that we have secured a ly by their owners. and the decision has drawn either mM was exposed to definitive victory for the for­ Since 1979 thirty nuclear massive protest from both radiation in excess of limits con­ seeable future .... News of the power stations have been either French and Belgian people. sidered safe by the nuclear re­ decision has been slipped into cancelled or deferred. The main The protest on the French gulatory authorities - the life­ odd speeches by the Electricity reason is said to be the rising side of the border was over­ time doses both men received Supply Board and the National construction costs, high Inter­ whelmed by 2000 policemen were 150 and 100 rems respec­ Board for Science and Tech­ ests rates, demand falling below who sealed off the area to block tively, it has been admitted that nology in as low-key a way as prediction and public disen­ access to the site. Workers from within these 'limits', one can possible, no doubt to avoid chantment with the nuclear the nearby lronfoundry joined still receive harmful and maybe EEC complaints." industry. the protesters because nine eventually fatal doses of radia­ We hope to have a fuller hundred of them will shortly tion. piece on the Irish decision next Whyl Go-ahead be made redundant. Electrcit6 WISE 1.4.82 Issue along with a full report on de France only promise 100 the fantastic news that the On March 3oth a W. German jobs at the new power plant. French Trading Federal Court ruled to allow the Danish Government has for­ WISE 1.4.82 construction of a nuclear power Israel Is hoping to buy a mally demanded closure of the plant at Whyl - a small vill­ PWR from the French company Swedish Barseback reactor. This will make it virtually im­ age In south-west Germany Torness Costs Up Framatome. They have already possible for one to be install­ across the Rhine from French been In touch with G.E.C. In Discreetly, the nuclear in­ ed in Denmark; so that's two Alsace. This reverses two pre­ Britain with a view to buying dustry has again Increased Its EEC countries free from reac­ vious decisions made in 1975 nuclear technology, but the estimate of the capital cost of tors for the forseeable future. and 1977 to halt construction of talks came to nothing because of building the new nuclear power the plant. Israel's refusal to sign the Non­ Polltiken (Ok) 25.3.82 Local resistance groups have station at Torness in East Proliferation Treaty. Israeli Lothian. been organised In the area since opposition to the treaty is likely Alta for NATO? 1971 and there have been many In 1978 the South of Scotland to be less of a problem in The massive hydro-electric big protests and site occupa­ Electricity Board announced France. However France does dam at Alia In Northern Norway that £742 million was the total tions there over the years. want to avoid the wrath of the has been given the go-ahead. cost. In 1980 they upped it to Farmers and local people Arab countries and wouldn't But Swedish sources suggest £1,097 million. Now, in an ex­ mobilised again Immediately like to find Itself on their trade that the project Is an elaborate after this decision. The case has tensive article in the April boycott list if a nuclear sale cover-up for a large new NATO also been taken to the Berlin issue of the UKAEA magazine went ahead. military base. Court of Appeals but the gov­ ATOM, Simon Rlppon, Euro­ pean Editor of Nuclear News, The Israelis hope to bring Several developments near­ ernment want to go ahead pressure to bear on the French by may give a clue to the with the construction without quotes a cost of 21,430 million. In other words, the official price by pointing out that delivery of a answer. The airport has been awaiting this Berlin Appeal nuclear reactor would be a fair considerably enlarged, large Case. No explanation nas been tag for Torness has practically doubled In just four years. counterpart to France's offer to underground caverns built (for given on why permisaion has Rob Edwards 23.4.82 rebuild Iraq's test reactor at weapons storage?) and several now been granted. WISE8.4.82 Tammuz Which was destroyed extensive radar installations by the Israeli air force. Mean­ constructed. These, the Swedish while the Iraqis are asking the report suggests, are part of a French to bury their new reac­ NATO base designed to control :r= tor 100 meters underground. the Barents and Norwegian The French say they will only seas and counter the Soviet ·;:: .r="' help If Iraq accepts low grade base at Murmansk. No wonder 0 uranium fuel, which cannot be they had the military police and 0 used for bombs. Iraq has so far riot squads out last year against 0 the non-violent protesters. .r:; stressed that they will only a. accept highly enriched fuel. M llitarisation of the state SCAT's Easter Demo against Trident in Glasgow. Electrical Review 19.3.82 marches on. WISE 1.4 .82

has sacked Qlyn England, the aptly eAyrshlre NuciNr Power Station: ecuba: T ASS reports that the Soviet named chairman of the Central Elec­ A group of Industrialists and others Union will supply Cuba with tts tricity Generating Board which ser­ have asked SCottish M.P.s to put first nuclear power station, and that ves England and Wales. Only pro­ pressure on the SSEB and the work will begin soon. blem Is he cannot find a successor. government to abandon •vague• Guardian 1 .5.82 Darek ~ra , the genial and force­ plans for a nuclear power station at eRomanla and China recently signed ful head of the National Coal Board , Chapeldonan, near Glrvan, south of a joint agreement to co-operate In Donald Miller replaced Roy Is also retiring after 10 years. He's Glasgow. the 'peaceful' use of nuclear energy. Berridge a~t Chairman of the South certainly seen changes - from the The land was bought In 1974 by Peking Radio report the agreement of Scotland Electricity Board on massive run-down of the Industry the SSEB and an official for the to be one of a number of accords All Fool"s Day. Oonald Miller has In the 60 's to the go-ahead new board said that there were no plans signed when President Ceaucescu previously been responsible for Image 'Fuel of the Future' . Pity he to build a station there within the visited China recently . construction of: Huntanton •a• was unable to undo the underlying next ten years. Sites for nuclear Scotsman 17 .4.82 AGR -closed for years at a cost of anti-NUM and anti-coal bias In the stations In the West of Scotland eThrea Mile l1land: On the 22nd £50m plus, due to seawa.ter eak; energy establishment which Is were so few that 11 wou ld have to be March a low level emergency was new lnvarklp oil-fired station also propelling us Into a nuclear future. retained for future use, he said. declare<' at tr\e crippled power sta- on the Clyde coast - now practically tion bec..use of a suspected leak In mothballed due to lack of demand eWylfa Expanalon: The CEGB are the reactor cooling system. and fuel cosl; and Boddam gas/oil eThe Dounreay Exhibition re-open­ In the process of purchasing ano- Guardian 23.3.82 power station at Peterhead near ed for the summer tourist season on ther 40 acres of land adjoining Wy- er.M.I. clean up: A Bill requiring Aberdeen - this too Is run well the 2nd of May. Afternoon tours of Ita .nuclear station, Anglesey. the utility companies with opera­ under capacity. the Prototype Fast Reactor are now ACQUISitions around the station tlng nuclear reactors to pay the US Donald Miller's first public state­ available seven days a week, 'oper­ now total more than 200 acres, $1.5 billion (£833 million) clean up ment confirmed his unflinching ational conditions' permitting. In which Is enough tor construction costs has been approved by the u .S. devotion to the Tom"• AGR pro­ 1981 20,000 visited Dounreay, of a replacemenl station. The pre- senate Committee. The Bill will ject. The kiss of death? We only though only 3,500 toured the reac­ sent station Is expected to be also create a US$750 million in­ wish they wouldn't waste public capable of generating electricity surance pool In case of future nu­ money on these capers. tor itself. for the next 15 years. A potential clear acclde{\ts. Energy Secretarv Ntgel Lawson Caithness Courier 5.5. .82 PWR site? Financial Times 2.4.82

Sf"'DAM Enarav Bulletin Juna/Juty '82 5 In 1973 the British Government signed a deal with the giant multinational Rio Tinto Zinc (RTZ) for a supply of uran­ ium from the Rossing mine in Namibia. Half the national re-. quirement comes from this mine. lt is effectively stolen goods- the apartheid state of South Africa illegally occupies Namibia and the extraction of minerals is in violation of in­ ternational law. Clare Simpson reports on the 17th April Conference of the growing Campaign Against the Namibian Uranium Contract (CANUC): The day started with a show­ against the illegal importation of ing of the World in Action TV Namiblan uranium with opposi­ documentary Follow the Yellow­ tion to the proposed 'Tebbit's cake Road as an excellent in­ Law'. troduction to the Namibian con­ SWAPO, the S.W. Africa tract. Then Arthur Pickering, Peoples Organisation, and the a former RTZ employee at the Namibia Support Committee, Rossing complex, gave a first­ sponsors of CANUC, plan to hand account of the terrible publish a Trade Union Hand­ working conditions, the degra­ book detailing British firms In ding labour relations and the in­ Namibia and reporting union sidious apartheid regime at the campaigns here and abroad. mine. A full account is printed in CANUC News Number 1. Disinvesting eAt the Executive Meeting of Sydney. Australia and Hawaii Further speeches included Later on there were workshop the Australian Conference of leafletting and petitioning were SWAPO, Anti-Apartheid Move­ discussions on disinvestment Trade Unions [ACTU] on March carried out and In San Francisco ment, Namibia Support Com­ campaigns, using the media 12 a vote was passed to main- a rally and public forum was mittee, CND and the NW Anti­ and working with the Labour tain their policy against the held in particular to support the Apartheid Trade Union Liaison Movement. PARTIZANS mining of Australian uranium. Belauan Islanders currently Committee. People Against RTZ & Subsi­ This policy was initially creat- touring the U.S. diaries, described their cam­ ed in September 1979 but was Belau is a u.s. administered A Trade Union Blockade? paign to get institutions to sell temporarily suspended In De- U.N. Trust Territory which re­ A report was given from the their shares in RTZ - to 'dis­ camber 1981 due to government cently declared itself the world's Trade Unionist Conference on invest'. So far the NSPCC, pressure. first nation to ban storage, test- the Namibian Uranium Contract Edinburgh District Co., Tyne & The question now facing the ing, disposal and transport of held in Bristol on 2 April. There Wear CC, Salvation Army, ACTU is how to Implement the nuclear waste in its territory. there were delegates from tran­ Bahal Faith and others have bans. A sub-committee has sport unions including the N.U. disinvested. t h' h 1 rti 1 1 .Admiral Long, the Comman­ Seamen, N.U. Railwaymen and The support for CANUC is b een se up w 10 s pa cu ar Y der-ln-Chlef of the US forces interested to know if there are dockers unions, stewards from growing and they invite your trade unions outside Austral- in the Pacific has said that his the BNFL factory at Springfields act!ve support. la willing to support actions forces should be equiped with which processes the uranium taken by the Australian unions, chemical weapons and Cruise and from RTZ factories atten­ CANUC, c/o NSC 53 Leverton St., especially If strikes would be missiles. Earlier this year ding. That conference had pass­ London NW5. broken by military intervention. Reagan gave the go-ahead for ed a resolution "that a selec­ PARTIZANS, 218 Liverpool Road, London N1. (01-609-1852). Fllma The main unions involved massive production of binary tive blockade of Namibian Uran­ available from Concorde Films, 201 nervegas weapons. ium was both feasible and are ATEA (Te I ecommun Iea- The Admiral says that they Felixtowe Road, Ipswich. (0473- tions Employees Assoc.), necessary." The Conference had 76012). Uranium Facts Sheet avail­ BWIU (Building workers) and are 'essential as a deterrent' decided to combine campaigr.~s able for 20p Inc. from SCRAM. the Trade and Labour council against the Soviet forces. He of Queensland. also called on staunch allies eg. Australia to take more share in AtthemeetingtheATEAalso th e eo 11 ec t'1ve secun't y b ur d en i n hOil, whose subsidaryo, company e1n a meeting to be held on the Called for Support to Widen the the Pacific. He will oversee the as a 53 .5 to 1nvestment in French Pacific island New Cale- bans against Minatome and the exercise 'RIMPAC 82., which Lake Way, and Vam Ltd. to donia later this spring the uranium mine at Ben Lomond. uses the Hawalin island Kaho begin the site's development. Pacific Trade Union Forum are lt Is also understood that the 'olawe as a bombing target, des- In March the Australian gov- expected to press for a ban on Japanese freighter "Pacific pite it being on the US register ernment also gave permission nuclear weapons testing In the Sky" had to anchor off Darwin of historic places. for Pancontlnental Mining Corn- Pacific and to call for indepen­ for a month and a half awaiting The Hawalln Legislature has pany to begin negotiating ex- dence for New Caledonia. The the lifting of the uranium block- repeatedly called for a halt to port contracts for the Jabiluka Forum's policy says "the Nu­ ade rrlor to the December vote. the weapons testing and for the uranium mine. clear Free Pacific will not be 1t set:ms that since negotiations return of the island to the eAn agreement was Initialled achieved without freedom from with the local unions were fail- Hawailn people. Hawaiin anti- In Canberra on January 19th colonial superpowers", and it is ing, the Northern Territory nuclear and environmental between Japan and Australia considering a proposal for boy­ Government began to build an g~oups are organising world- to Japan to reprocess Austral- cotts on trade with Australia, improvised habour close by, w1de protests .against the sto.r- ian uranium. The agreement for Its sales of uranium and so the ship could be loaded age In Hawa1i of the largest only became possible after the on France for weapons testing. without union assistance. As stockpile of nuclear weapons in Australian government dropped In a related move Papua New previously reported the ship did the Pacific and against further demands for prior approval in Guinea trade unions sent a eventually load In Darwin har- weapons testing. the reprocessing of the Austral- letter of protest to President bour. .The Australian government ian uranium. Australia still Mltterand of France stating •International Nuclear Free approved the exploitation of the wishes for Japan to ask for that they will Implement the Pacific Weak, March 1st to 7th, Lake Way uranium deposit, approval to transfer uranium to Forum's resolutions If France was marked by events all over near Yeelirrie in Western Au- a third country and to enrich does not stop its nuclear the world. In Germany and the stralia on the 19th January. The low enriched uranium to more testing. Netherlands demonstrators federal government approved than 20%. The Japanese par- KIITG and WISE gathered in front of the French foreign investment arrange- liament have still to finalise the 10.12.81 to 8.4.82 and Japanese consulates. In ments to let Delhi International agreement. 6 June/July '82 SCRAM Energy Bulletin Socialist Promises .... M. Mitterand was elected President of France in May '81. Here a correspondent from Europe writes of the steady reversal of promised energy policies. No doubt there are lessons for those tempted to put much faith in our own Labour Party policies on Energy and Disarmament. Within President Valery Giscard nuclear dictatorship that half a million "open and public debate" where the anti­ d'Estaing's seven year term of office(1974- people put their signatures to a National nuclear lobby could present its case was to 81 ), forty-one reactors were built as his Energy Petition, published in March 1980. be replaced by a two-day parliamentary "all-nuclear" solution to France's depen­ Among the signatories were Francois session, with a party whip In force. With an dance on imported crude oil. As part of Mitterand and most of the Socialist Party absolute majority and rigorous voting this plan - the most massive nuclear Central Committee, together with those of discipline, the government threw out all programme in the world - construction the Friend's of the Earth, the MRG (Social their election promises. They agreed a was also started on the Fast Breeder at Democrats), the PSU (Radical Socialists) programme of six new power stations for Creys-Malville, designed to produce the and the CFOT, France's second largest 1982-83, only three less than the Giscard plutonium necessary for France's indepen­ trade union. The Petition called for a plan, and the development of the new UP3 dent nuclear deterrent. Despite Giscard's moratorium on all new nuclear construc­ facility at the Le Hague reprocessing fac­ election promise not to impose nuclear tion, during which a national debate and tory. The moratorium, now only partial, power stations on unwilling communities, democratic consultations on nuclear power would be lifted using the Giscard system of the programme was enforced by an undem­ would be held. consultation previously denounced by the ocratic system of local consultation: should Socialist Party as a "masquerade of demo· a majority of local councils refuse the pro­ Changes Promised cracy". ject, the decision was passed on to the in­ The results of the first round of the elec­ The law guaranteeing popular control of directly elected Regional Council. Should tions In April 1981 confirmed support for the nuclear cycle was dropped, as was the they too refuse the project, the government the Socialist proposals; excluding the num­ referendum, and the construction of Creys­ had the power to authorise construction. erous anti-nuclear militants within the Malville was to continue. After a session Socialist Party, 2,750,000 votes (9.5% of which was neither open, public, nor a de­ In this way, where local opposition was bate, in the true sense of the word, the attacked by riot police and army units. 1t total) were cast for the four small parties government's programme was approved was against this background of nuclear dic­ offering anti-nuclear policies (FoE, PSU, by Parliament. Ironically, only Giscard's tatorship that half a million people put LO, MRG). Of these some 2 million voted for Francois Mitterand in the second party, the creators of the "all-nuclear" their signatures to a National Energy Peti­ option, voted against the motion. As In round which is limited to the two leading tion, published in March 1980. Among the 1974 politicians went back on their promi­ signatories were Francois Mitterand and candidates from ~he first round. This was mainly on the strength of his anti-nuclear ses and imposed nuclear power without most of the Socialist Party Central Commit­ democratic consultation. tee, together with those of the Friend's policies and guaranteed him victory over of the Earth, the MRG (Social Democrats), Giscard d'Estaing, with a majority of just Promises Changed the PSU (Radical Socialists) and the CFDT, over one million votes. Had the radical The programme went into action in France's second largest trade union. The anti-nuclear votes abstained as in the 1974 November with the announcement that the Petition called for a moratorium on all new elections, France would not have the pre­ six power stations for 1982-83 would be nuclear construction, during which a sent Socialist ment the first in the Cattenom 3, Chinon B4, Chooz B1, Golf­ national debate and democratic consulta­ ech 1, Nogent 2, and Penly 1 . Project tions on nuclear power would be held. studies for Civaux 1 and Le Pellerin 1 would continue. All of these sites, with the "All-nuclear" Option exception of Chinon, were part of the This policy commitment by the Socialist promised moratorium which would allow Party was reinforced in 1978 in Parliament­ the people to voice their opinion. Follow­ ary Bill 592, which denounced the wall­ ing decisions obtained by the Giscard nuclear" option as anti-democratic and pro­ "consultation" system construction start­ posed a moratorium of eighteen months to ed. But, embittered by the politicians be­ two years. The policies were elaborated in trayal, the anti-nuclear groups began to two documents for the 1981 Presidential fight back. Golfech has become the symbol election campaign - the "110 Proposals of the anti-nuclear struggle against Mitter­ for France" - their election Manifesto - and just as Plogoff, the only site abandon­ and "Energy- the Alternative Policy". In ed, was against Giscard. Violent clashes these, the Socialist Party promised to es­ between riot police and demonstrators, in tablish a moratorium on fourteen sites December, led to the anti-nuclear groups' reserved by President d'Estaing for future headquarters being burnt down, while the nuclear construction, naming specially riot police were occupying it! Tear gas was Cattenom 3, Chooz B1, Civaux 1, Golfech fired at French television cameramen. 1, Le Pellerin1, Nogent 2, Penly 1 and The demoA::trators replied in kind- Elec­ Plogoff 1. tricite de France offices In nearby Agen were blown up and bomb attacks against During this moratorium an "open and t/1 Prolotype public debate" with media participation the homes of two Socialist MPs' in the re­ A REPROCESSING would be held to allow "the French people, FACiliTIES gional capital, Toulouse, caused consider­ properly informed, to determine by refer­ history of the ne able damage. The regular exchanges of endum the place they desire nuclear power Parliamentary elections gave the Socialist molotov cocktails and tear gas grenades to hold in the future energy supply of our Party an absolute majority in the National every Sunday at Golfech show no signs of country". Only if the referendum was in Assembly: the road was clear for a safer abating; If anything, direct opposition Is favour of nuclear power would further and sane energy programme. spreading. At Chooz, too, French and Bel­ power stations be ordered. After the refer­ gian demonstrators clashed With the riot endum, the Socialist Party would enact a What Moratorium? police, with serious injuries being report­ law guaranteeing "the control of the citi­ At the end of July, the first of several ed. in January of this year, Superphoenix, zens and their representatives over the "policy changes" was announced; the the Creys-Malville Fast Breeder was whole of the nuclear cycle". The Socialist moratorium would only cover Cattenom, damaged by five bazooka rockets in an Party also promised to shut down the Fast Chooz, Civaux, Golfech and Le Pellerin. attack later claimed by an "ecolo-pacifist". Breeder at Creys-Malville, still under Plogoff was officially abandoned and the This hardened opposition Is the inevitable construction. controversial sites of Chooz, on the Bel­ reaction of embittered people who see, yet gian border, and Golfech seemed safe. again, that the anti-nuclear cause has been In this way, the project for a nuclear Despite signs of disquiet at this half-kept sold out. As long as nuclear dictatorship power station was imposed on the village promise, the Socialist government pressed in France continues, the sane future ~f Plogoff in Brittany, where local opposi­ ahead in September with further retreats promised and then betrayed by Preslaent tion was attacked by riot police and army from their pre-election policy. Prime Mini­ M itterand will only become more turbu· units. lt was against this background of ster Pierre Mauroy announced that the lent. SCRAM Energy Bulletin June/July '82 7 Women from anti-nuclear groups all round Britain met In Bristol for a Conference of Women Oppose the Nuclear· Threat [WONT] on 24/25 April. We held discussions in small groups to share ideas on feminist views of nuclear technology, Peace Camps, rela­ tionships to other women in the anti-nuclear and peace movements and the alternatives to nuclear power. These were followed by discussions on the future activities over the coming months. 24th May is an International women's day of action with local actions up and down the country. On Sunday 6th June women will head one of the three marches to the huge CND Rally at Hyde Park protesting nuclear weapons and especially Reagan's visit. We decid­ The WONT network can now be contacted through ed that women would make more impact If they wear Bristol WONT, 31 Westbury Road, Bristol. purple and green. The women's section of the march will Women in SCRAM continue to be the contact in Edin­ begin at Waterloo. Some women felt they would like an burgh. Following a suggestion at the conference, where area of Hyde Park set aside for women and kids at the end we were Qiven £35 in donations to our Fire Damage of the march. WONT groups will be organising local ac­ Appeal (thanks!), we shall make a separate women and tions on the 6/7th June to show how Reagan's visit threat- nuclear technology section in the re-formed library. Con­ ens peace. Delrdre Armstrong tact us via the SCRAM Office In Edinburgh. Make Scotland Nudear Free ~~ ...,<:::. ~~ ..~ Peace Groups in Brussels 2-4th July. On 22nd August, at the end of the Peter Segger from the Welsh Anti-Nu­ Peace March Scotland, SCRAM are or­ clear Alliance (WANA) outlined their ganising a NFZ Campaigners Conference successful campaign to declare Wales in Edinburgh. For a full report of the Glas­ 'Nuclear Free'. He urged us forcefully to gow conference send £1 to Glasgow END, take up a similar campaign and there and 146 Holland Street, Glasgow 2, 041-332- then the first links were forged by the 5960. \11U1~corl)-.~<::> ~corl)-.~<::> many organisations present. In June Glas­ European events contact END, 227 gow END, together with SCRAM, SCND Seven Sisters Road, London N4. 01-272- Wales was declared a Nuclear Free and FoE Scotland will publish a campaign­ 1236. country at the end of February. There ers manual on making Scotland Nuclear Latest END Bulletin now out. Send 75p are now plans for taking Scotland the Free. for sample copy to END In London. same way. The groundwork was laid at a conference organised by Glasgow END (European Nuclear Disarma­ ment) on 24th April. Several hundred activists participated in FUELLING THE morning workshops on Eastern European initiatives, Nuclear Free Zones, Weapons/ NUCLEAR ARMS Power links and Peace Education. In the RACE afternoon we heard Angus McCormack The Links Between Nuclear from Stornoway in the Outer Hebrides outline the campaign to Keep Nato Out. Power and Nuclear Weapons Sheila Durie and Rob Edwards Icelandic MP, Olafur Grimson described Shows that there is but one nuclear the devious. manner by which the U.S. has drawn Iceland, a country which has industry. with common political and never born arms, into a web of increasing social characteristics, whether the nuclear mllltarisatlon. Iceland'; Greenland, products are for the purposes of Norway, the Faroes, Scotland and Ireland energy or for war. £2.95 paperback will all be threatened by US plans to site" Cruise missiles on warships in the N. Atlantic. He asked Scotland to host an in­ THE POLITICS OF RAGE AGAINST THE DYING ternational conference next year to launch NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT The campaign against Chemical a campaign for a Nuclear Free Zone across Martin H. Ryle £2.95 paperback and Biological Warfare in Britain N. Europe and the N. Atlantic. Liz Sigmund £1.95 paperback European Events POWER CORRUPTS Edward Thompson told of the growing Hilary Bacon and John Valentine Available from good bookshops or by links being made with E. Europeans at £2.50 paperback post from Pluto Press Limited. several levels, and stressed the need to Unit 1 0 Spencer Court, 7 Chalcot nurture and support them. In Vienna from PORTRAIT OF A POISON Road, London NW1 8LH. (Please add 6-9th August END are helping organise a The 2, 4, 5-T Story 50p p&p for each book - massive Youth Peace Festival drawing Judith Cook and Chris Kaufman max. postage £2.50t young people from both Eastern and W. £2.95 paperback Europe. This will follow a Convention of 8 June/Julv '82 SCRAM Energy Bulletin Consumers Hit Back The Government's controversial plans for disposing of the long-lived high­ level radioactive waste created in civil and military nuclear reactors are likely to face severe criticism from the government's own Radioactive Waste Manage­ ment Advisory Committee [RWMAC] when it publishes its third annual report in June. This damaging blow to the credibility of the official nuclear waste "'"r~·-:-~.... strategy follows the resignation earlier this year of a senior member of the Com­ --~) ~' mittee in protest at the Government's decision to abandon its test-drilling pro­ . gramme .

11> ~ Last December Local Government Mini­ face" he said. "No position could be Q:' ster Tom King unexpectedly reversed more vulnerable and dangerous." previous policy and dropped the test­ Virtually everywhere test-drilling has ~ drilling programme on the grounds that been proposed it has met with fierce local sufficient research had been done in other opposition on the grounds that it was countries to demonstrate the feasibility likely eventually to lead to the dumping of British Consumers may be paying too of deep underground disposal of nuclear actual nuclear waste. Anti-nuclear cam­ much for their electricity, because the waste. In support of his decision he cited paigners have consistently pointed out that Central Electricity Generating Board has a RWMAC's recommendation that serious it is politically impossible to work out a. 'planning margin' which Is too high, says consideration be given to the desirability of way of storing the long-lived wasted while an independent research study. The new storing the waste in a solid form at the sur­ more is being created every day in Bri­ report by Earth Resources Research Ltd is face for 50 or more years to allow it to cool tain's nuclear power stations. One Scottish entitled 'Planning Margins and Security of and decay. What he did not say was that anti-nuclear group has pointed out that the Supply Standards - An International Sur­ RWMAC had also wanted the continuation government's change of heart may not be vey of Electric Utilities'. 1t was published of the test-drilling programme to discover entirely unconnected to the fact that each in March. The authors conclude that the necessary geological Information. one of the next nine test-drilling applica­ CEGB could reduce its 'planning margin' tions would have been for sites in Conser­ - the surplus generating capacity design­ "Vulnerable and dangerous" vative-held constituencies, including that ed to safeguard consumers from blackouts At Its first meeting after Mr. King's of Mr. King himself. -from the present 28% plus to 22or 24%. announcement, RWMAC was unanimous This would give significant savings, they in condemning the govarnment's decision New dumping facilities? say. on scientific grounds. Subsequently the The Government now also faces severe leading nuclear geologist, Dr. Stanley The study surveyed planning margins problems with the disposal of the much Bowie, revealed that he was resigning from larger volumes of low and medium level and security of supply standards in nine the Committee because he believed that utilities in the U.K., France, U.S.A. and radioactive wastes created by the nuclear the government had made the wrong de­ industry (see table). The government is South Africa. cision for the wrong reasons. He accused The Electricity Consumers' Council preparing a White Paper for publication them of warping the Committee's recom­ this year. 1t appears that they will propose commissioned the study after the Mono­ mendations and of bowing to political construction of four or five new facilities polies Commission report on the pressure at the expense of scientific in­ for low and medium level waste dumping CEGB concluded that " ... a reduction in vestigation. by the end of the century. No doubt these the generation security standard ... might "They seem to be completely oblivious plans will generate further controversy perhaps be made without perceptibly to the fact that increasing amounts of for an industry already criticised for con­ affecting the standard of service provid­ high-level radioactive waste will con­ tinuing production of a highly toxic mater­ ed." ial with no safe method of disposal. The authors complain that, compared to tinue to build up and be stored at sur- the foreign utilities studied, the CEGB and RobEdwards SSEB provided little and inadequate in­ formation. Evidence suggests that supply "< interruptions are rarely due to generation Brltaln's· Nuc:l•ar Wastes failures - most arise from failures in the DeSCRIPTION CUSJC METRESPtsR YEAR distribution system. But they say there is TO END-CENTURY little scope for a lowering of the planning (AVERAGE) margin in the near future, due to the elec­ Trash that may be tricity boards policies - of large stations contaminated with traces and all nuclear. of radio--activity 20,000 They note that an overcapacity of only Medlum.o.1...._ Radk:HlCUvesotldsand 1% represents the equivalent of one AGR sludges 2,000 nuclear reactor for the present CEGB Htoft-level Ftadk:Hletlve liquors from system. reprocessing 50 Available from EEC, 119 Marylebone S:lurce: Department ofthe Environment Road, London NW1.

ATOMS FOR WAR ATOMS FOR WAR By Howard Clark

''This pamphlet brings nuclear energy right into the disarmament debate" BY HOWARD CLARK DEMONSTRATE Price - 50p + 15p postage per copy From· CND ORDERS A CND PUBLICATION SOp 227 Seven Sisters Road 6th JUNE London N4. SCRAM Energy Bulletin June/ July '82 9 CHP-Siow National progress towards less energy wastage and warmer homes, using Combined Heat & Power (CHP) stations with district heating, is going extremely slowly. The engineers' reports mentioned in last issue will now be dribbled out privately to each of the nine cities being considered for a pilot study. Then, ages later a com­ prehensive report will be published. There is clearly little real political pre­ ssure from the top for this promising and proven energy-saving technology. So we shall ha.ve to stir around at local level to Ever rising fuel costs have led to of dealing with all aspects of energy inform the tenants and householders, the energy conservation becoming a conservation in the commercial, in­ engineering and related workforces and vital area in business and domestic dustrial and domestic fields. the councillors and officials of the poten­ life today - and it will become even Warmfill are specialists in solar tial local social and economic benefits of beating, cavity wall, loft, pipe and CH P If it is locally owned and controlled. more important as time goes on. This was the theme of a submission by It is, after all, sound common tank insulation, gas and oil boiler the Information Service on Energy to the sense. Not only does conservation change, boiler trtaintenace, beat Commons Select Committee on Energy help preserve depleting stocks of pumps and double glazing. Their earlier in the year. Copies available from field of operations spans Scotland lSE, 11 Forth Street, Edinburgh 1. (30p fossil fuels, but it also saves cash. Inc.). You could also send for Friends of Neither are these savings in the Earth's submission - from Czech pennies. To the householder, a well Conroy at FoE's new office, 377 City thought out conservation package Road, London EC1. (50p Inc.) and to SERA for theirs at 9 Poland St., London W1. (50p can mean hundreds of pounds each Inc.). year going into the bank rather than Two new slide-tape shows - one ex­ up the chimney; for industry, savings plaining the CHP idea to tenants, the other can run into the thousands. for the Labour Movement, have been pro­ Warmfill is a company capable duced for the National Jobs from Warmth campaign. Contact Ken Ternent, TUSIU 'Southend', Fernwood Rd., Newcastle 2 for details.

appropri ene Planning Ahead SCRAM is currently working on a book on medium-term energy strategy for Scotland. We plan to survey pre­ sent sources and allocations of energy; present the case for change; discuss the political, economic and institution­ al obstacles standing in the way; chart current progress on conservation and alternatives in Scotland; and look at a few selected towns and districts to find out what alternatives could be implemented there and what effects they could have. We intend especially to stress the "regional" approach to energy plan­ ning, partly to make our argument more accessible, and partly because it needs to be demonstrated that what is appropriate to one area may not nec­ essarily be suitable for another. We are seeking advice from as many quarters as are willing and able to pro­ vide it, so if any readers have informa­ tion and ideas which they would like to see included, please send them to the Alternatives Group, c/o SCRAM. 10 June/ July '82 SCRAM Energy Bulletin TABLE 1-House WITHOUT Warmftll System TABLE 2-House WITH Warmfdl System

YEAR YEAR ENERGY COST , vu'""t>l~ £ 1 In this example all ojthis sum, 1 750 In this example the 2 i.e. £5051 has been burnt in the 2 862 WARMFILL system has 3 5 year pen'od 3 991 not only HALVED the 4 There is no continuing return 4 1139 energy bill but has pro'z:ed 5 on your ouday. 5 1309 a continuing inl'estment. Total ------~------Total 5051

and south to the English Midlands. to the Torbay Health Authority, the "We are most probably the only giant £130,000 scheme should pay firm in the UK to offer such an exten­ for itself within 11 years, saving an sive energy conservation service", estimated 132 megawatt hours of says their sales marketing manager. conventional energy consumption a "We also probably have more exper­ year. tise, across the board, than any other Warmfill give substantial guaran­ company." tees on all their products, both from Not only are Warmfill products the points of view of quality and keenly priced as individual installa­ efficiency. They stress, too, that tions, he says, but they also offer a since they are specialists in all package in which the overall price ~-----..;::.. ___:....______.. aspects of conservation, a customer is greatly reduced compared with Above: whert Milt tscaptS from the house. The lliUwer, insulate. does not have to try to plan a scheme single installations at market prices. manager. "Without giving consider­ then struggle with an assortment of installation companies to have it They claim that their individually able thought to energy conservation completed. Not only will Warmfill tailored packages, which include one would find that in a given period, do the lot, but, since they do, the the installation of solar panels, cavity say ten years, a lot of money had wall, loft, pipe and tank insulation, been burned. overall profit margins are reduced cost only marginally more than what "But if the correct efforts are made considerably. the average company charge for a from the point of view of conserva­ solar system alone - and that such a tion, whether in homes, offices or package will reduce fuel costs by SO factories, the savings made will more .------lfyou want to know more about the percent. than pay for the initial installation I W ARMFILL Complete Energy The tables above are based on a costs." Conservation Package, post this current energy bill of £750 per annum What is more, he points out, the coupon now, and it will be our and demonstrate the effects on that dearer fuel becomes, the bigger the I pleasure to discuss your individual bill of a 15 o/o per annum increase over savings. requirements. the next five years. The dramatic He is a firm believer in solar I contrast between the two homes energy - "You don't get bills from speaks for itself. the sun" - and in the panels his "It is important to remember that IIHHitHtm firm market. These are produced by 44 St Nlnian's Dr., the cost of installing a heating Don Engineering of Wellington, system is normally only the thin Somerset, who have recently instal­ I Edinburgh EH12 OPQ. edge of the wedge," says the sales led one of the largest solar water heating projects in Europe, at Torbay I Name------District General Hospital, Devon. Address------~ This is the first substantial solar 1 YOUCANUSE heating project in the National Health LESS ENERGY! Service that has been an integral part of a new building and, according I Tel. ------::~IIP'n

SCRAM Energy Bulletin June/July '82 11 A Way Forward ? The renewable energy sources are now ready to be developed. The task that lies ahead Is one of convincing the public and political Institutions that they can be made to work In the foreseeable future, and on a scale large enough to repre­ sent a realistic alternative to nuclear power. This article, sent to us by Richard Baker, Is concerned with how renewables might contribute to electricity supply. He argues that new Institutions are needed. These should be reglonally based, eltaly: Ten 50KW aero-generators are each with responsibility for one of the new energy sources. under construction by Flat as the first stage In a national wind generation pro­ The renewable energy technologies ment of one particular energy source gramme. These Initial ten units will be In Britain are either still on the draw­ especially suited to the region it Installed In Sardinia. ing board, or at the prototype model serves. To get a substantial amount of eGeothermal Energy: Southern Californian Edlson along with an oil company are In­ stage in universities and research In­ electricity from renewable sources by vesting US $120 million In a pilot geother­ stitutions, or exist as small scale ex­ the end of the century we need new mal project In Imperial Valley, California. periments. lt is frequently assumed organisations, each under some dyna­ Jt Is hoped that the plant will be operation­ that after tong drawn-out periods of mic leaders, with not only appreciation al by early 1990, providing 30MW for research and development they will be of the technical needs, but also drive, 45,000 houses In the area. lt Is reported handed over to the Central Electricity political sense and skill. Each organ­ that Southern California Edlson now de­ Generating Board (CEGB) and the isation should have the job of devel­ votes their total R&O funding to 'alterna­ South of Scotland Electricity Board oping one kind of technology only - tive• energy forms. (SSEB)- organisations heavily biased though with an obligation to collabor­ eNavlgatlon Buoyt: A self sufficient air in favour of nuclear power. These ate with other energy Institutions. turbine powered navigation buoy is being Boards are not sufficlen'tly geared to They should be regional, not nation­ sold by a Japanese company. the promotion of the new and renew­ al, in scope and encouraged to engage PARLIGAES March '82 able technologies to get them off the in friendly, not destructive, competi­ eThe world's first hydraulically compensa­ ground. tion. ted compreued air energy ttorage tyttem, for use In supplying peak power genera­ To offer a credible alternative the tion Is to start Immediately and Is planned renewables need to have their own to be completed by mld-1986. An American separately managed and financed or­ subsidiary of Cementation Ltd, a member ganisations. This proposal Is not pie in of the Trafalgar House Group has been the sky. lt need not mean a remote awarded a £26 million contract to design centralised bureaucracy In London. In and construct the underground cavern m fact it has all been done before, and system and shafts. Financial Times 29.3.82 ~ very successfully - In Scotland. I eA coveted European diploma for nature "' refer here to the achievements of the conservation for the Peak District Nation­ ~ North of Scotland Hydro-Electric al Park, Is likely to be lost If a proposed 0 Board (NSHEB). pump storage scheme In the Longdendale s= Valley goes ahead according to Or. Peter a.. Success Story Baum of the Council of Europe's Environ­ The large scale generation of elec­ mental and Natural Resource Division. tricity by water power was not new There Is a fear that the scheme •would A 17MW Hydro station near Pltlochry - have an adverse Impact on the park's when the NSHEB was formed. Hydro­ local power clad in local stone ... landscape and ecology. " electricity first started In the 1890s, The CEGB said that no proposals for with two large schemes developed in What a sensible Government would construction of a reservoir In the Peak Park 1930 and 1932. However, by the early do, If we had another Thomas John­ exist but that the Board were awaiting the 1940s progress was bogged down in ston, would be to set up a Hebridean results of a £1 million preliminary environ­ wrangles over vested Interests of Wave Power Organisation to exploit mental study Into the effects of a scheme. landowners, coal owners etc. In 1941 a say Stephen Salter's 'nodding ducks', Guardian 16.4.82 small committee was set up by the a North East Scotland body for an­ eA design study for the world's first then Secretary of State, Thomas John­ other system, one for Devon and Corn­ commercial scale solar electrical genera­ ston. lt reported a year later and this wall, another for Northern Ireland, and ting station is near completion. led to the Hydro-Electric Develop­ so on . They could distribute both The study Is a joint project by the U.S. ment Act of 1943, and the new NSHEB locally and feed Into the grid, just as giants McOonnell Douglas and S. Cali­ was set up with Thomas Johnston as the NSHER noes. fornian Edlson Co. and Bechter Power Corporation. Chairperson. Their first major scheme The moral ot the Hydro-Board story was started at Loch Sloy in 1945. The scheme envisages the use of fifteen Is that, however much research is sun-tracing mirrors, heliostats In two The NSHEB is an independent pub­ done, practical achievement depends lic corporation, separately financed. arrays to concentrate the sun's reflected on political will and efficient small, rays on tower mounted heat exchangers. Their prime activity Is water-powered stream-lined organisation dedicated The heat generated would be used to generation but the Act gave them the to one particular type of job without create steam for a turbine to generate 100 formal legal obligation "so far as their distractions. Jt also demonstrates the MW of electricity. Construction of 'Solar powers and duties permit (to) colla­ difference between research and prac­ 100' should start In 1984. borate In carrying out any measures tical achievements. The original re­ The first stage of a 5MW Soviet solar for the economic and social improve­ search and designs will probably come power station Is to be commissioned In ment of the North of Scotland dis­ mainly from academics. But their 1983. This station will have a high capa­ trict". Their achievements In the ear­ development In practice depends on city hot water and steam storage to. keep lier years were considerable and they the station operating In bad weather and people who understand Industrial or­ at night. have developed enough hydro-power ganisation and how to get collabora­ to supply all their own district and to The Soviets are also doing a feasibility tion from trade unions, local authori­ study for a 300MW solar station using export to the South of Scotland. ties, farmers, engineering firms and four 250 metre high towers. The success of the NSHEB illus­ all the other people without whom the NATT A Newsletter April 82 trates what can be achieved bv an or­ best ideas will still remain In the labor­ ganisation devoted to the Clevelop- atory.

12 June/July '12 SCRAM En~av Bulletin TIDAL POWER

The first stage of the latest feaslbil· second barrage being added at a later basin, but these were alf discounted ity study into a Severn Barrage scheme date (see diagram). Power would be on, mainly, economic grounds. How­ for producing electricity from the generated on the ebb (outward flow­ ever, if the second barrage is added tides Is now complete. The Report ing) tide, thus producing electricity this would operate on the flood tide, issued last year says a scheme costing during two separate periods per day. thus giving electrical output four £5,660 million could produce about 6% One hundred and sixty turbo-genera­ periods a day, rather than the two of the nation's electricity. The cost per tors, each costing £5m, would be used periods from the ebb tides alone. This unit of electricity should be compar­ to generate the electricity. Massive additional barrage would take the cost able with that expected for convention­ concrete boxes, called caissons, would of the scheme to £10,420m. al plant. lt recommends that further be floated into position, each then Locks would be necessary to allow detailed studies be carried out - the housing three generators. ships to pass through the barrage. A next feasibility study would cost Sluice gates would be opened as the controversial suggestion, though, by a around £20 million, and take about tide comes in, to allow water into the leading consulting engineer Involves 4 years to complete. The environment basin. At high tides the gates would the construction of new docking facili­ movement Is divided, though, on be shut. Then once the tide has drop­ ties for larger ships on the outside of whether or not to support this renew­ ped on the seaward side to a suitable the barrage to reduce costs on lock able energy project. level below that of the basin, water construction and dredging. This is would be allowed to flow out through sure to be opposed by the major ports The Severn Estuary is a natural the turbines. The amount of power of Cardiff, Newport, Bristol and Sharp­ choice for a tidal power scheme. lt generated would vary with the tides - ness I Gloucester. has one of the largest tidal ranges in Spring tides would produce almost The full feasibility study that is the world, from 4 metres at the mouth four times as much as the Neap tides. recommended would concentrate of the Bristol Channel to over 11 1t is estimated that 13 billion kilo watt mainly on clarifying the environmental metres at the Severn Bridge. The first hours could be produced annually - issues. If we support this study it proposal to construct a barrage to about 6% of the nation's needs - with would keep the option open, without generate electricity was made in 1925, a peak power output for an am tidal a commitment either way. But we also since when numerous schemes have range of nearly 6,000 Mega Watts need to ask whether the £20m for the been put forward. (roughly the output of five modern study might not be better spent on The most recent proposal has come power stations). other renewable energy sources or on from the Severn Barrage Committee, conservation. chaired by Sir Herman Bondi, former The Report considered other Government Chief Scientist. The Re­ schemes such as generation on the port concludes that a barrage is tech­ flood tide; generation on both the flood nically feasible and proposes further and ebb; and various double basin Here Rick Currle of Monmouth FoE study of the 'preferred scheme' - an schemes making use of off-peak elec­ sets out the arguments for and inner barrage with the possibility of a tricity to pump into or out of a second against:-

FOR AGAINST • The barrage could offer some en­ • lt is a large centralised power vironmental advantages. 1t seems source with all the problems that en­ likely that the flow of silt around the tails le. environmental impact during estuary would be reduced. There construction, power distribution net­ would be increased opportunities work, and general inflexibility. for leisure activities. • We do not need more electricity - • Although energy conservation Is conservation Is a much more Impor­ today's priority, we will eventually tant and cheaper option. £5.7 bill­ need new sources of energy. The ion invested in a conservation/in­ barrage would be a major renewable sulation programme would save as source, putting them firmly on the much, if not more, energy and map. create more jobs. • On centralisation - we a~pt • The scheme would not replace hydro-electric plants, so why not base load (nuclear!) stations. A tidal? lt does not have to be controll­ better option m lght be a series of ed by a centralised body. small schemes on the Dee, Humber, • The environmental impact would Morecambe Bay, Merseyside, the at least be confined to one place Wash, Solway Firth, which together rather than spread around, as it could generate as much power as the would be with a greater number of ...... 0 s ...... Severn scheme. Because of the geo­ smaller schemes. graphical distribution around the coast these barrages would together • lt would create desperately need­ - provide a more even power supply, Location of the proposed Severn Barrage. The first stage ed employment. Construction would since the high tides occur at differ­ take some 18-20 years and employ a would be the Inner barrage. A second barrage could be ent times. maximum of 10,000, plus 6,000 em­ added later, running from the inner barrage to Warren ployed indirectly. 500 permanent Point, marked B. • Investing in the giant Severn jobs wou Id be created. scheme would pre-empt other renewable energy options. • There would be considerable ecological impact.

SCRAM Energy Bulletin June/ July '82 13 warnings about potential problems and pit­ falls? Energy Advice At just 25p the leaflet itself is cheap and it could be useful for sparking off THE ENERGY GUIDE from Ideas in discussion groups looking at the Whose Control ? subject for the first time. For me its too Energy Advice Unit, 2 Bigg full of the "turndown the thermostat and NUCLEAR ILLUSION AND Market, Newcastle 1. £7 inc. p&p. wear two jumpers" outlook. Fine as far as REALITY by Lord Zuckerman, 50 ENERGY SAVERS, C.A.T. The it goes but not quite the stirring stuff Quarry, Machynlleth, Wales. 40p which would encourage you, or enable you Collins £4.95. to go out tomorrow and buy and fit those "THE BAROQUE ARSENAL" Inc. p&p. few simple measures which would by Mary Kaldor, Andre Deutsch. This winter's bitter weather has brought mean you'd be warmer and more comfy £7.95 [95p]. home to everyone the woeful state of so when the next artic spell descends. many of our buildings. Draughts whistle Davld Somervell Lord Zuckerman is a multllateralist. He through doors, round windows; the frost believes in retaining nuclear weapons at reaches in to freeze unlagged pipes; old a reduced level which he calls a "minimal heating systems strain to supply heat deterrent". He has a very odd view of pouring out through the roof and walls. Local Actions history. History, for him, appears to re­ Most distressing of all is the plight of the volve around a small group of men (the old and infirm, frequently housebound, COMMUNITY ACTION AND only women mentioned In his book are who really need higher-than-average tem­ those who checked out some background peratures. ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY, for him) who make major decisions of NATTA, 1981.£2 [SOp] policy. The possibility of achieving any In the face of these problems, advice change outside this group never appears to workers in the welfare agencies or volun­ Statting with the question, "Can we do enter his head. His hopes for disarmament tary organisations are often at a loss to anything useful at the local level?" This are tied to the existing structures of power. know how to help. 1t seems that only a book, compiled from a conference organ­ The question of proper democratic control comprehensive national energy conserva­ ised by the Network for Alternative Tech­ of defence policy is never suggested, in tion and rehabilitation programme will nology and Technology Assessment fact he dismisses E.P. Thompson and by alleviate the structural problems. We have (NATTA), shows that we can, and tells us implication END, CND and all other uni­ to press for this while at the same time howtodoit. lateralist groups as arguing exclusively on other aveneues have to be explored. One Dave Elliott's introduction surveys a idealistic moral grounds; then he goes on step in the right direction was taken by number of projects undertaken by local to argue for his "minimal deterrent" as a Newcastle City Council in 1979. Using authorities and by ad-hoc groups, and realisable option. Inner City Partnership funding, they set suggests many ways in which local initia­ up an energy advice unit to help inner city tives can be built into a national move­ His argument for multllateralism is residents on low incomes to tackle the weak: nuclear weapons will not go away (as ment. As he points out, local campaigns problems of high heating costs. This unit are vital. But if the benefits of Insulation, long as defence is structured as it is now), produced leaflets, guides to heating sys­ so we must reduce in a balanced fashion conservation and safe energy are to be tems, exhibitions, slide shows and gives distributed fairly, governments will have until we reach a small number of warheads help and advice to neighbourhood groups. which each pose the threat of mutual des­ to be made to respond to pressure and truction. In the meantime spend the One part of this service is the publication example from below. money saved on nuclear weapons in build­ of a detailed 'Energy Guide' for reference In the most fascinating section of the ing up conventional weapons inside NATO. use in the dozens of advice offices and lib­ book, three local energy groups describe But how do we maintain a small number of raries in the city. The Guide deals with how they got started and what they have nuclear weapons without the arms race insulation grants, special needs payments, achieved. Most impressive is Brian John's beginning all over again you may ask? benefits, heating systems, disconnec­ account of the Welsh Newport and Nevern Well - Lord Zuckerman has a solution. tion, condensation, payment methods, and group, who in a single year mounted an The arms race is not fuelled by anything so on. lt comes in loose-leaf A4 ring energy exhibition, started a library, Ini­ other than defence scientists in their labs. binders and updates are sent otlt quarterly. tiated a homes insulation scheme, got a They create more and more weapons and Though largely specific to Newcastle it school draughtproofed and drew up plans then lobby for their incorporation into de­ should prove valuable to those who pro­ for insulating other local buildingl'. They fence policy. If these people are tightly vide information and advice anywhere in pressured the local authority to write controlled then there is no problem! Britain. energy conservation into Its structure plan In contrast to Lord Zuckerman, Mary The Centre for Alternative Technology and embarked on a wood coppicing Kaldor in The Baroque Arsenal digs deep have published a 12-page leaflet on simple scheme. This group has 200 members - into the institutions which maintain the energy conservation methods that can be an impressive ten per cent of the local pop­ arms race. Building up from detailed re­ used by everybody entitled '50 Energy ulation. Lewes Energy Group in Sussex search on arms in the UK, USA and what Savers Which Are ..... Cheap To Use!' Al­ started out with the more modest ambition can be gleaned from the USSR she des­ though also apparently aimed at social of spreading information, but also intend cribes the processes which produce cur­ workers, health visitors and people work­ to start a practical project. South Brent in rent "weapons systems". Weapons sys­ ing with the elderly I really don't think it Devon began with a loft insulation project tems are at the heart of the arms race. will be much use to them. 1t is partly a but have already branched out into energy They are not only the physical hardware re-hash of Department of Energy 'save it' auditing and information schemes. but include the decision-makers, develop­ platitudes, partly light-hearted encourage­ The rest of the book has an excellent ers, support groups and operators asso­ ment for the readers to change their atti­ step-by-step guide to setting up an energy ciated with the hardware of mass destruc­ tudes to what is often portrayed as a mysti­ group and lists of alternative energy liter­ tion. fying technical domain. If definitely does ature, hardware, and supplier contact fulfil Its aim of providing cheap ideas for The complexity of these systems has addresses. saving energy - many of those common­ The book is packed with useful informa­ grown enormously since World War 11. sense good-housekeeping tips cost you The systems have grown "baroque". The tion - though unfortunately the suppliers products are Immensely destructive, yet nothing. But somehow I feel we can ex­ contacts section has no particular order. pect more from C.A.T. with its profes­ so specialised and sophisticated that their There is no index or proper pagination, and use is inconceivable for anyone outside the sional and hard-earned practical exper­ ience in the simple DIY energy saving mea­ the introduction could have been edited system. to eliminate repetitions and eccentrlc sures. Where are the practical tips and the Mary Kaldor describes how weapon punctuation and spelling. NATTA fans systems pervade world politics and she Those books marked with post age in will forgive these faults, knowi'lg that they outlines the crisis inherent in the ever brackets are available from stem from lack of time and money. escalating cost and destructiveness of SCRAM 11 Forth St, Edinblargt Finally, the book concentrates mainly weapons. This is one of the best books on rural and small town developments- a around on the arms race. Stuart Anderson parallel report on urban campaigns is (Technical Authors Group Scotland] forthcoming. Karen Tosh 14 June/July '82 SCRAM Energy Bulletin THANKS I SCRAM would like to convey our heartfelt gratitude to all of the people who contributed so generously to the Wages Appeal In the fast Bulletin. 1t is because of the generosity of: Margaret Alllr.on , Jonathan Barkas, Peter & Carole Olckson, Allstair Eas­ ton, Tony Hardman, Robert Hodgart, Roger Hurcombe, Helen Jackson, New Antt-Wa:r L.P. Susan Leckle, Frank Ledwllh, Mrs McCarry, F.H . Nevllle, Rosemary Strat­ No Nukes Music present 12 fantaStic ton, Stave Wllllams new tracks from top bands - plus and many others that were able to gtve better financial support to free poster. Get the message out to The ongotng SAFE ENERGY Pall· young people! our few paid workers. Thank you all. lion 1s now being run by Norwich Distributed by Rough Trade ANC. Petition Forms available for We should explain here that we as a campaign are only able to £2 .99 retail, 10 for £22 to peace an SA E .. address labels for SOp/ provide the service we do due to the amazing amount of entirely groups from CND Sales, 2.27 Seven 100from voluntary work done by people in and around both the office and the Sisters Road, London N4. Enquiries A NC, 5 Unthank Road, Norwich. Smiling Sun shop where the Mall Order Service operates . to NNM on 01·486-4564)8713. They have also printed a very The move to 11 Forth Street, Edinburgh 1, Is all the more exciting orighl A2 poster Stop Slzewell • No because 11 will bring us all together In more spacious surroundings. PWR for Britain 50p each, 5 for We hope friends and supporters will call by and visit If you are In £1.50. 10 for £2.50 (post tree) from EdInburgh over the summer. I hem , or the national olllco· Adverts ANC, PO Box 216, Sheffield. We have been overwhelmed by the spontaneous offers of sup­ As you see this issue carries a A 50 page booklet on the local port, both practical and financial to our Fire Damage Appeal. To number of advertisements, both application or Comblneo Heat and date we have received donations, books, papers, back issues, offers large and small. These have Power wllh District Heating Is being of equipment and more from the following. prepared by members or Bngllton enabled us to Include the special ANC. They have asked tnterested Aberdeen Peoples Press, Atomic T1mes , Robert Blacklth, Cambridge FoE, tree Nuclear Weapons & people to send a £1 note to ensure East Anglia Alliance Against Nuclear Power, Energy Manager, FoE Ltd, Nuclear Power broadsheet. they have enough money to print Grass Roots Books, Highland Anti-Nuclear Group, Arnold Hendry, Iona We Invite you to advertise In 1t and guarantee you a copy hot off Community. Keep NATO Out, Frank Ledwith, The Leveller, Angus Lyon, our pages- it's a form of support the press. Medical Campaign Agatnst Nuclear Weapons, Manard Press, Natural and a way ot getting to thou­ Brighton ANC, 53 Gloucester Road. Energy Assoctalion, Neighbourhood Energy Action, No Nukes Music, North Brighton. Herts FoE, Open University Energy Research Group, Wall Patterson, Pluto sands of actlvi~ts. Press, Bob Poole, Radical Scotland, SANA Scotland, Scottish Fuel Poverty Classified Advertising Rates Accommodation In Scotland needed Action, SERA, Kelvin Spencer, Rosemary Stralton, Town & Country Plan­ lOp/word minimum £2 PRE­ for family of 4. Anything ano O\lery· ning Associallon, Tynecastle Anti-Nuclear Campatgn, WISE , Jam le Wootey PAID or add £1 invoice charge. thing considered Write to lsabcl and dozens of others. D1splay ads, artwork and In­ Aagnl, 88 Longhltl Road, Hudders­ serts-prices on application. leeld , W . York Both Appeals are still open and we Invite your support for them I Advertisement Route of PMS82 >(l;y ,ocfJY c.f(fii'A fjfJ /\ ~

~ _,~ ~-- ~~5 The peace and disarmament movement and the ecology /conservationist movement have now moved so close as almost to have fused. At least there Is complete harmony. Your campaigns have convinced us of the truth about the so-called peace­ ful uses of atomic energy. The corollary has been just as Inescapable, in that In saying • No• to the power that fuels the bombs you have to tackle the politics which Forest Fire makes the bombs desirable. This has been exemplified In racent The well-established Edinburgh wood-stove experiments, first on the Copenhagen to suppliers Forest Fire, offer a wide range of wood, Paris Peace March (June to August 1981) peat and coal burning appliances for space when the Green Peace Party were promi­ nent, and now In the preparations for heating, cooking and central heating. Peace March Scotland 1982, In which your FOREST FIRE, 50 ST MARYS ST. movement Is strongly represented EDINBURGH1 [031-556-9812]. Yours sincerely, BEST FOR SAFE & RELIABLE TECHNOLOGY Keith Bovey Chatrman, Scottish CND SCRAM Energy Bulletin June/July '82 15 was1e have been cancelled ... or have they? In the rabbit warren Hopping by the fence at Windscale she learnt that other Geologists are The Department of Energy looks set to virtually abandon Involved in test-drilling under all new expenditure on research and development Into re­ Wmdscale. They want to see If newable energy. This staggering move Is urged by ACORD, Back it is possible to dump ' medium' & the Advisory Committee On Research Development for Little Black Rabbit was very level radioactive waste there. lt Fuel and Power. touched to receive the gel well should be easy, as there are no This committee Is stacked with energy supply interests Including card from her admirer Owen. farmers to chase the Geologists the Atomic Energy Agency, CEGB, Electricity Council, BP and She ts pleased to say she Is off the Wtndscale site. Esso, GEC Ltd., National Coal Board and British Gas So it's hardly fully recovered and now has The plan appears ta be to surprising that they recommend that •no new development work on many tales to tell drill down at an angle so the wave power should be supported from the Dept. Energy R&D While recuperating .n the waste would be under the lnsh budget• and that Investigations Into offshore wind power genera­ hills, Little Black Rabbit had her Sea. One problem Is that water tion •could be dropped from the programme for the time being.• flows through the sandstone eyes opened to the resourceful­ A CORD advocate cutting research on solar water and space heat­ rock fairly qu1ckly. But the flow ness or that strange breed call­ ing, cutting research on bio-fuels from 'energy' crops and, New IS out to sea. so 11 1s only the ad Geologists. Certa n Geoto­ Scientist suggests, scrapping tidal power. (See page 13 ). The few poor fish that might suffer - glsts have given thcmsstve~~ onshore wind power projects can continue along with some gee­ a and rabbits do not eat fish - so thermal energy research. Investigations into passive solar heating bad name by Involving them­ that's flnel of buildings should receive a modest amount of support, they say. selves In surveys for site!! to bury all that nasty radioact~ Returning to Scotland on the Current funding for all the renewable energy sources is about First of April, Llllle Black £16m, In contrast to the £180 million plus on nuclear research . waste. Nowadays farmers tend to chase oft any Geologists So Rabbit found a press release ACORD proposes that renewable R&D be cut to £11 million for the lrom SCRAM 1n her mall. next two to three years. Shocking eh I how can the genuine ones 00 about their business? One 1t announced that Torness answer it seems, s to put a power station was cancelled, large Smiling Sun st cker, say­ and SCRAM workers were to Ing Nuclear Power? No Thanks. be made redundant. Little Black Rabbit was so concerned that SCRAM might be out of a JOb that she rang up the South of ThisURGENT! Issue marks the fifth anniversary of the SCRAM Scotland Electricity Board in Energy Bulletin. We enter our 6th year with a special re­ Glasgow to confirm the news. quest to YOU our readers. We desperately and urgently need They sa1d they had rece1ved many calls that day asking the MORE SUBSCRIBERS. Please consrder persuading a friend same question. But they were to subscribe; or giving a gift subscription; or even subscnbe very reassuring - they had no yourself. We'll explain why: intention whatsoever of cancel­ Just now we have nearly one thOu· do ~o tnus 11 IS our subscribers who ling Torness, at least not until sand subscriber:~ - nearly hllll In auatetn itte magazine and the Cam­ April 1st 1987. Scotland, hall In England & Wales paign Little Black Rabbit hopped off and several dozens from as far alield Our Income as Greenpeace Hawaii, About lhe About a third of our Income comes to the SCRAM offices to break the news. Her reception though same number again ts sold In shops from subscrlpuons; a th1rd trom re- on the s1de of yourlandrover. and on bookstalls gular donations, generally by Bank- was a touch warm for her liking, Little Black Rabbit should Why Subscribe ers Order ; and a th1rd trom sales Her ears were singed f<¥" her of campaign materials and books know, because she was almost trouble. Maybe rabbits should Wnlle recently we have regretteb- All this Is used for our campa1gnlng run down by one of these new stick to recuperating in the ly had to ra1se our cover price to 40 and publishing work. Our separate style geological survey vehicles. pence for shop sales we recetve Wages Fund helps cover expenses country. · t,_ only 20p or thts, the shop and dlstrl- for a very few of us. All I he rest of Recovering from her near butor getting tOp each . This does our work Is voluntary. But 1 digress escape, she thought how slily not really cover the unll cost ot - there are great plans for the of farmers to dislike Geologists. LJJ}eJ~J~~ production on the small prinl·run we Bullettn·- After all, plans to bury the !QG The next issues of the SCRAM Energy Bulletin will, like this one, contain special free broadsheets. The first, produced for the Size­ well Co-ordination will give the background to the Sizewell PWR. SATURDAY19JUNE Cerdtfl - Welsh Conference The second is planned to be an Insulation and energy conservation, agalnalthe Bomb Contact Owen and the third a major review of the Issues at the Slzewett lnqutry. Hardwlck, 35 Kmgs Mills Rd., So you'll be getting your money's worth as a subscriber. Wrexhem, Clwyd WEDNESDAY 30 JUNE Special Book Offer London - Semtnar on Energy To further encourage you to Join SCRAM we are making a special Conservalton, Economic Growth & pre-publlcatlon offer on Rob and Shells's book - Fuellng the Arms Employment at S. Bank Poly Centre Race. For only £1.50 extra we will send th1s book post-free to all tor Energy Studies: Contact 01- THURS. 27 MAY· SAT 5 JUNE 928-8989. ext. 2468 new Supporting Members who join SCRAM before the 17th June Cerdlfl· Br1wdy- 2nd W omen for publication date. The book, value £2.95, forms the basis of th1s llfoonEarth marc.'1 SATURDAY18JULY SATURDAY JUNE lnverneu- Peace March Scotland issue's special Weapons/ Power broadsheet and it's good. 5 starts. Con tact 031 ·336-1631 Br1wdy- Demo 11gnlnst U.S. Base Scottish Campaign to Res1st the Atomic Menace, Contact 023-973-<185 SUNDAY 8 AUGUST SCRAM, 11 Forth St., Edinburgh EH1 3LE London- ANC Steering Ctee Mtg. U.S.A.- Demonstratlonaagalnsl Contact 0742-754691 their Trident. ------..., SUNDAY8JUNE SATURDAY21AUGUST £7 Supporllng Membership •• ~ 1 London - National CND Rally Edinburgh- Last day of Peace - Name .~ ...... receive:~ SCRAM Energy Bulletin contact local group or 01 -263-4954 March Scotland to Rally on the plus 6-monthiY Members News· I Meadows. Contact 031·336· 1631 Address:...... letter MONDAY 7 JUNE £1.50 Special Book Offer tor new New York- U.N Spe.:lal Session SUNDAY 22 AUGUST Supportmg Members jo1n1ng before I on Disarmament starts Runs until Edinburgh- Nuclear Free Scotland 17 June 1982. onrly July Campaigners Conference Contact Tel:...... £5 SCRAM E 8 11 on! Brlteln- Demonalratlansagalnst SCRAM. nergy u e 11 n Y I Rcagan 'a v lall SUNDAY 5 SEPTEMBER £7 Foreign subscriptions ~ I enclose total£ Including:- £10 Institutions SATURDAY t2 JUNE London Antl-Sizewell B' march [J £1 for Nuclear lnlorm1tlon Pack. £30 Life Membership New York- All USA Dtsarmament starts, arriving In Suffolk 17th [J £ Special Donation to your Fire £50 Household Lite Membership Dcmonstral on September for a Rally Damage Appeal June/ July '82 SCRAM Energy Bulletin NUCLEAR WEAPONS: NUCLEAR POWER BETTER ACTIVE TODAY THAN RADIOACTIVE TOMORROW NUCI EAR POWER= NUCLEAR WEAPONS The; nuclear power industry has long argued that it lt took over operation of all tb.e sites built for military is possjble to separate the civil and military uses of the functions - Springfields, Capenhurst, Chapelcross, at ol'fl~· lt has done so for quite understandable reasons Calder Hall and, most important of all, Windscale. - nuclear scientists are still recovering from the coll­ Then, two years later the UKAEA's Aldermaston ective guilt which assailed them after Hiroshima and Weapons Research Establishment was handed over to Nagasaki. They are anxious to prove that there is the Ministry of Defence. some good to be had fr:om splitting the atom. But as These changes made it easier for the public rela .. nuclear disarmers have grown from a small group of tions men to display a difference in the technology for easily-ignored radicals to a popular mass movement nuclear electricity and nuclear warheads. But, let us with real political clout, so the political and propagan­ be in no doubt, they lie. As we demonstrate conclu­ da dangers of a close association between nuclear sively on the following pages, nuclear power and nu­ power and nuclear weapons have increased. clear weapons share the same history, the same The industry has been aided in its efforts by two technology and have the same frightening social and important organisational changes. In 1971 British political implications. The nuclear power industry is, Nuclear: Fuels Ltd was set up to run the UK Atomic in sum, contributing to an increased risk of nuclear Energy Authority's (UKAEA) nuclear fuel business. war.

The hypocrisy of the industry's recently threatened to withdraw destined to come from the 'power' position is nowhere more clearly support for nuclear power devel­ reactors at Calder Hall and Chapel­ seen than in the plan to sell plu­ opment' if the deal goes ahead. cross. tonium to the United States. Ever They believe it blurs the 'distinc­ The most striking aspect of the since 1959, as part of a secret de­ tion' between nuclear power and Trident 11 proposals is, curiously, fence agreement, Britain has been weapons. their cheapness. Even at £7,500 sending plutonium to the U.S. for The Plutonium Connection million Trident is a bargain. Cer­ use in its weapons programme. In tain fees have been waived by the exchange Britain received highly­ One of the most contentious nu­ US and the research and develop­ enriched uranium for military use. clear weapons developments on the ment costs are fixed in real terms. horizon - Government plans to How much plutonium has been British firms are also being allow-_ transfered is an official secret , but buy the Trident 11 Submarine laun­ ed to compete with US companies we are talking about several ton­ ched ballistic missile system are for Trident contracts. So why is the nes - several hundred bombs­ also clearly linked to the 'civil' US being so generous? worth. Some of the plutonium pro- The answer Is that an unacknow­ ~ bably came from the nuclear ledged part of the trade-off is the § 'power' reactors at Calder Hall and promise to sell the US our surplus ·o,Chapelcross and some from nu­ plutonium. The Sunday Times re­ ~ clear power stations run by the .._ port which accurately predicted the .E Electricity Boards. The govern­ details of the Trident 11 decision , ~ ment claims that no plutonium has also said that the plutonium deal ~ been sent in recent years, but the was an implicit part of the arrange­ ~ defence agreement which enables ment. When this point was put ~ the swop to take place was renewed directly to Prime Minister Mrs g in 1979 to last until1984. Thatcher, she denied it - but then z On top of this, it has now been she would. She cannot afford the agreed 'in principle' to sell the acute political embarrassment that US some of Britain 's so-called nuclear industry. The submarines would result If it were admitted civil plutonium. They say it is for are to be powered by a new design that the nuclear power industry use in their Fast Breeder Reactor of Pressurised Water Reactor. This was really working hand-In-hand programme but this deal would has been developed and tested by with the nuclear weapons industry. undoubtedly assist the US weapons Rolls Royce at Dounreay, North She could not cope with the res­ programme by enabling them to Scotland, on a site adjacent to the percussions if it were realised that divert US produced plutonium to UKAEA's Prototype Fast Reac­ plutonium created in the electri­ weapons use. lt has run into fierce tor. Rolls Royce and the UKAEA city boards' power stations was opposition within the industry. Ex­ have in fact long co-operated in helping both the American and Bri­ traordinarily, the Electrical Power this and similar projects. The plu­ tish governments to augment their Engineers' Association , which tonium and tritium for the Trident already fearful nuclear arsenals. represents nearly all the white­ warneads - which are definitely So nuclear disarmament does not collar staff in the nuclear industry, going to be made in Britain - are end with banning the bomb. ~1\R Jla ¥~~ , Nuclear Fuel and Nuclear Weapons Industry ~~~ ~ 1'HA~'f.~ Chapel cross l Nuclear sites Dounreay & HMS Vulcan ally built Four .50MW re~ctors wer ltary purposes. in Britain In 1960 the UKAEA revealed that their re­ mote research laboratory at Dounreay had Nuclear Links to provide plutoniUm S'ed' to produce main- Proliferation - or They were later ' . . been providing facilities, called HMS Vulcan, Nuclear power was born of the Bri­ ly electrici amly pnor to, and probably for the Royal Navy. Then in 1965 a small Atoms for Peace? tish and American wartime efforts to s· , plutonium from Chapelcross has Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) was com­ develop the atomic bomb. The tw one into nuclear warheads. BNFL however missioned- a prototype for the new genera­ The 'Atoms for Peace' programme have since remained inextri promote it as a purely civil establishment. tion nuclear submarines. A large testing President Eisenhower promoted in ed. British scienr rned from Chapelcross also has the vital military facility is now being built for the larger PWR 1959 offered technical and financial the warti anhatten Project to function of producing a continuous supply of needed to power the Trident submarines. assistance to countries interested in cT ain's very own atomic pro­ tritium - essential for the trigger of H­ The fuel for the experimental Fast Breeder developing nuclear power. Some 26 ject. Although the possibilit~ of. g~n­ bombs - by irradiating lithium inside the research reactors were virtually given erating electricity using atom1c f1ss1on Reactor (FBR) at Dounreay is effectively the reactors. The tritium separation plant was same as the 'fuel' for atomic bombs. Each away. was known the first British atomic completed at Chapelcross early in 1980. Thirty years on, the spread of programme' was solely for making shipment of spent fuel - plutonium nitrate, from the Dounreay FBR to Windscale is 'peaceful' nuclear technology has bombs. carrying enough plutonium for tens of bombs. given many countries the capacity to Calder Hall make nuclear weapons. This prolifer­ Military Sites Hailed on its opening in 1956 the world's ation has occurred despite the exist­ first nuclear power station, Calder Hall was in Spring fields ence of international 'watchdogs' - All the sites and factories now the International Atomic Energy part of the 'civil' fuel chain, were ori­ fact built to supply plutonium for the military. This fuel fabrication factory provides nu­ ginally built for the military weapons Like Chapelcross it is probably still contribu­ clear fuel for Chapelcross and Calder Hall. lt Agency (IAEA) and Euratom, and the ting to military stockpiles. lt Is not controlled Nuclear Proliferation Treaty (NPT). programme. When the UK Atomic also produces uranium hexafluoride to feed Many countries claiming that they Energy Authority (UKAEA) was set by the Electricity Boards and thus not a 'civil' the Capenhurst enrichment plant. lt thus nuclear power station. were developing a civil nuclear power up in 1954 it was practically given all has a military role, which will be increased if programme were in fact using the these military sites. This was a mass­ the Capenhurst submarine fuel facility is plutonium produced to make nuclear ive subsidy - in today's prices over built. weapons, or adapting their reactor £1 billion. The UKAEA continued to Windscale fuel enrichment plants to make wea­ run both civil and military program­ All the plutonium for Britain's nuclear pons-grade uranium. Since the NPT mes until the weapons work was tran­ warheads has at one stage passed through Capenhurst came into force in 1970, India, South sfered to the Ministry of Defence Windscale. This reprocessing factory is, The uranium enrichment factory at Capen­ Africa, Israel, Argentina and Pakistan, (MoD) in 1973. Many UKAEA staff according to the BNFL "mainly for civil pur­ hurst provided the highly enriched uranium amongst others, have become or are came from the early bomb pro­ poses". In other words it has a military tunc., for Britain's first H-bomb test in 1957. lt was about to become states possessing ject. Some then moved into the civil tion. closed down in 1963 as cheaper supplies be­ nuclear weapons. side of the UKAEA and then into Nuclear warheads have a 'shelf-life' of only came available from America under the 1959 government departments responsible 10-20 years. After this the plutonium 'fuel' agreement. lt was then converted to produt­ Watchdogs? for nuclear power or defence. or explosive has to be cleansed of the radio­ tion for 'civil' reactor fuel. Plutonium produced in power reac­ active decay products. This is done at Wind­ • US nuclear .,_... Gas centrifuge technology has since been tors may be used for weapons, despite official claims to the contrary. Though scale by reprocessing the plutonium in the e Nuctear POwer statio"' >Petrating Of under construction built at Capenhurst by URENCO, an Anglo­ 'reactor-grade' plutonium may be warhead to take out the poisons. At the 1977 • Ott,er key 8ites in the • • and weapon$ cycle Dutch-German consortium in which BNFL Windscale Inquiry BNFL admitted that two • Reaearch and admlni$11 ion has a third share. Centrifuge enrichment is a less efficient and stable, scientists thirds of the radioactive plutonium and all the • Nuclear submarine basf particular proliferation risk- even John Hill in the U.S. have tested a nuclear deadly americum discharged into the Irish ex-head of UKAEA has admitted that it is device made from such plutonium. In Sea came from operations which they would easily adaptable for military purposes. any case, power reactors can be run to yield higher-grade plutonium merely not identify "for security reasons". Hinkley Point A new centrifuge enrichment factory was Windscale also stores the spent fuel from by replacing the fuel more often, or by In 1959 the Government announced that the Magnox nuclear announced in 1980 to provide fuel for nuclear placing natural uranium in some of the Britain's nuclear submarine fleet. Only part power station at Hinkley Point would be 'modified' to produce submarines. As the degree of enrichment for of this has been reprocessed. Some of the fuel rods. This can be done without the BNFL military-grade plutonium. Two years earlier the disastrous fire submarine reactors and nuclear weapons is IAEA being alerted. Two IAEA in­ Another institutional link between high level waste stored in Windscale's huge at Windscale had brought plutonium production there to a halt. similar, it Is possibly intended to make nu­ silos will have come from the military pro­ spectors recently condemned the safe­ the power and weapons programmes A new supply was required because Chapelcross had not yet been clear weapons grade material. In 1981 work gramme, but they won't say how much. The guards systems as being totally un­ was forged by the establishment in completed. on the factory was delayed- obstensibly be­ able to detect such military manipula­ 1971 of British Nuclear Fuels Ltd new radioactive waste treatment complex In 1981 the present government denied that the power station cause of 'expenditure cuts'. More likely it is tion. (BNFL). The MoD is a major customer announced by BNFL in 1981 will also deal had ever been used for military purposes. However it is probable due to the signing of a 5 year contract with the with military residues. Western countries have sold nuclear for one of BNFL's products - pluton­ that plutonium from Britain's Magnox reactors has been assign­ US to supply highly enriched uranium. technology around the world, some­ ium. This comes from facilities that ed to the military. times without insisting on the safe­ are integral to the nuclear power pro­ guards required by the NPT. Competi­ gramme. All BNFL's facilities are tion is fierce. Flagging domestic nu­ dual-purpose, as seen opposite, and clear industries need shoring up and BNFL must be regarded as a key com­ Towards a Nuclear Free Future relaxing proliferation controls has ponent of Britain's nuclear weapons sometimes ensured orders. establishment. Nuclear power and nuclear weapons Plutonium could still be exported to nuclear technology results in nuclear Non-nuclear weapons states are are inseparable. The proposals to the United States of America, and any weapons proliferation. So any cam­ refusing to relinquish the nuclear Secrecy build Trident and accept Cruise mis­ future British government could make paign to achieve disarmament must weapon option precisely because wea­ When BNFL was set up, the gov­ siles and to expand the nuclear power nuclear weapons again within days. fight nuclear power alongside nuclear pons states have not disarmed. They ernment stressed to Parliament that it programme should be seen in the Disarmament which did not include weapons. clearly see the military and political would not be publicly accountable be­ same context, and simultaneously abandonment of nuclear power would status afforded by possession of nu­ cause of its 'defence' commitments. opposed. If Britain were to dismantle always be uncertain. clear weapons. its nuclear arsenal but retained its Permanent and total disarmament The notorious 'veil of secrecy' over the nuclear power programme, the indus­ Proliferation will only be controlled nuclear power programme which in­ requires that all nuclear technology is by nuclear disarmament and by dis­ trial basis for producing plutonium and hibits a full public debate, comes from seen as potential nuclear weapon tech­ mantling the entire nuclear power the links with nuclear weapons. enriched uranium would still exist. nology. International trade in civil industry. men!, our proposals will only be taken ser­ Iously by Britain's workforce if civilian work can be guaranteed. Although the pamphlet has concentrated on Tyneside, the Idea of alternative production is appli­ Much of the information in the Broadsheet has been taken by Shella Durie and cable to all regions, and hopefully it will Rob Edwards from their fascinating new book· "Fuellng the Arms Race" pub­ encourage others to write alternative lished June '82 by Pluto Press. Here we review three recent pamphlets which plans for their areas. are essential background reading:- Many CND groups remain undecided With mass unemployment, the collapse on the link between nuclear power and of industry and the decline of public ser­ nuclear weapons. A vociferous minority vices, it Is easy to fall Into a trap of think­ of CND members maintain that there Is ing that jobs in the defence and nuclear no connection between the two. However power industries should be pr_eserved - a new CND pamphlet 'Atoms for War' by at least for the present. But absolutely Howard Clark establishes the link beyond vast sums of money are required to build any doubt. Trident submarines and nuclear power sta­ In the first section a straightforward tions. This uses money which could be history of the UK programme describes better spent elsewhere in the economy and how the decision to go ahead with nuclear employment opportunities are actually energy was taken as a step towards a wea­ lost. This is why the Peace movement In pons programme. lt goes on to describe Brita:n has now begun to debate the con­ the design of Caider Hall and other Mag­ cept of 'socially useful work' . nox stations and how they have been used An Important contribution to this de­ as the main supply of fissile material in bate Is a pamphlet called "Jobs for a this role. There is a good discussion of the Change - Alternative Production on subsidy of nuclear energy by the MoD to Tyneside." As heavy engineering and ship­ ensure a continuing supply of plutonium. building continue to decline on Tyneside military work is assuming growing Impor­ For what you don't know about the The second section covers the interna­ government's arms spending and the tional scene. The Ineffectiveness of regula­ tance. However, armaments production is also becom lng increasingly capital-Inten­ schemes of arms manufacturers In your tion, the ease with which fissile material area, you'll need a copy of the new CIS can be obtained and the requirement of sive. The concentration of military spen­ ding on a few sophisticated weapons Report: 'War Lords - the UK Arms Indus­ developed countries to export nuclear try'. Whilst other areas of public expen­ means that the remaining jobs are vulner­ technology to offset development costs diture are being cut, defence spending is able. are explained. The most convincing argu­ on the increase. But Parliament does not ment is that the cheapest way to get a wea­ Tyneside is the home of NEI-Ciarke discuss most of these Increases. In the pons capability is to establish a civil nu­ Chapman, who are building boilers for financial year 1981/82 Britain will have clear fuel cycle. The subsidy from devel­ Torness and Heysham, and NEI-Parsons spent £12.6 billion on the military; that is oped nations makes this much cheaper who are making turbine generators. Ship­ 11.5% of total government expenditure - than building a •stand alone" uranium builders Swan Hunter build nuclear waste more money per person than any other enrichment plant. carrier vessels. All these firms have had a NATO country. For me the best part of the pamphlet is steady stream of redundancies in the last relegated to Appendix 2. There calcula­ few years. The Armaments Barons tions on the amount of plutonium which Armaments production, and the jobs should be stockpiled at Windscale are Socially Useful Production that provides are a central feature of the given. The mismatch between the declared Conversion from military and nuclear UK economy. Much of the high priority stockpile and what has been reprocessed energy production would generate a new research in Universities, is directed to­ amounts to 20 tonnes - enough for 4000 set of priorities with the goals of full em­ wards military objectives, and a large part warheads! The only way to use that much ployment and socially useful production. of the growing electronics industry has a Is in a weapons programme. Many of the new products which the de­ military application. However increased In places the pamphlet gets carried away fence industry could produce are related weapons spending does not create more in technicalities but the message Is clear­ to energy. jobs - employment In the arms Industry is nuclear power and nuclear weapons are The pamphlet shows that Conversion falling overall. interdependent - you can't have one is not just a pipe dream, but a realistic The planned Trident Submarine repre­ without the other. Stuart Anderson option which must be grasped If jobs are to sents just one part of Britain's money­ [Technical Authors Group, Scotland ) be saved. If we are to achieve dlsarma- eating nuclear arsenal. The Tornado air­ craft, for example, will have cost more than the Government originally planned to spend on Trident. Living standards are being savagely reduced throughout the West, so many people are beginning to ask why we need to spend such vast sums of money for our 'security'. This excellent Report con­ tains some of the answers. Pete Roche FUELING THE ARMS RACE by Shella Durie and Rob Edwards, Pluto Press. £2.95 {30p). ATOMS FOR WAR by Howard Clark, CND. 50p {20p). WARNING: H.M. GOVERNMENT CAN SERIOUSLY DAMAGE YOUR WEALTH. JOBS FOR A CHANGE by Newcastle THE AVERAGE BRITISH FAMILY SPENDS £18 PER WEEK ON ARMS. ANC & CND. 60p {20p). JOBS FOR A CHANGE by New­ •- For further information please send this form to SCRAM 11 Forth St, Edinburgh. --, castle Trades Co, Tyneside ANC & Please send me Items marked)(. Prices below include post & packaging. CND 60p (20p). 0 Nuclear 1nformat ion Pack- £1 . I WAR LORDS - CIS Report on the Name...... 0 Fuellng the Arms Race- £3.25. UK Arms Industry. 95p {25p). 0 Atoms for War- 70p. Address...... 0 Jobs for a Change- 80p. I This broadsheet Is the latest in a series 0 War Lords- £1 .20 . which, along with the current SCRAM ...... Tel...... 0 10coplesthisbroadsheet-80p. I Energy Bulletin makes SCRAM's 0 100 copies this broadsheet- £7.00. Nuclear Information Pack. 1enclose cheque/ PO for£ 0 100 copies £50.00. 1 First printed June 1982.