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History of the Old Tennent Church, with Biographical Sketches of Its Pastors

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History of the Old Tennent Church, with Biographical Sketches of Its Pastors HISTORY OF THE OLD 5'EJ^J^Ejll' Z]ilJ^<Z]i, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ITS PASTORS. WRITTEN BY REV. FRANK R. SYMMES, FIFTEENTH PASTOR. FREEHOLD, N. J.: PRINTED 13Y JAMES S. YARD & SOX. 1897. "V ^'^be ^Ew' / 00 X u ^ • Q O AUTHOR'S NOTE. The writing of this little book has been somewhat difficult from the fact that many of the records of the church were lost by fire in 1869. The author makes no claim of presenting something altogether new in^ the printing of this histor}'. Much of what is herein said has been published or printed before by different persons at different times, and in different forms. These sketches have been collected, man}- facts, not previously in print, added, and the whole arranged into a continu- ous story of the old church. Whatever could be found, that was rele- vant and authentic, has been freely used. Neither does the author claim that this little book is without any mistakes, though accurac}' has been the constant aim, and much time and labor have been given to the work. Nor is this history of Old Tennent exhaustive. It does the old all not record ever3-thing concerning church ; and 3-et most facts of note and importance now known will be found within its pages. More and new things are being brought to light continuall}-. But if the printing of this history should wait until everything was. gathered together, it might be indefinitely postponed. Thankful acknowledgments are heartily made to Rev. Allen H. Brown for his assistance, to Rev. Henry Goodwin Smith for his ver}- kind loan of a number of half-tone plates, to The Freehold Transcript for the use of a number of line-cuts, and to nrany other persons for facts, suggestions, traditions, etc., as well as to all those who generoush' con- tributed funds for the printing of the book. Without all these aids the author could not have written and put this little liistor\- into book form. The Appendix will be found interesting. It opens a field for larger study of the church life. The proceeds that may arise from the sale of this volume will be devoted to the temporal interests of the Old Tennent church. Frank R. Symmes. Tennent, N. J. April, 1897. LIST OP AUTHORITIES. The following named books and papers with names of their authors are the authorities for the statements in this history, and from which various paragraphs have been quoted. To all these due acknowledg- ments are made. And to these the reader is referred for further infor- mation in regard to Old Tennent. Records of the Old Tennent Church. The Log College Archibald Alexander. The Constitutional History of the Presb3'terian Church in the United States of America Charles Hodge. Records of the Presb^'terian Church in the United States of America. A Histor}^ of the Presb3-terian Church in America. .Richard Webster. History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland. .Robert Wodrow. History of the Presbyterian Church in Trenton, N. J John Hall. Annals of the American Pulpit William B. Sprague. History of the Old Scots Church Henry Goodwin Smith. Various Historical Sketches Allen H. Brown. Historical Sketch of Monmouth Presb3'tery Joseph G. S3^mmes. TVEinutes of the Presb3-tery of New Brunswick. Minutes of the General Assembl3^ Minutes of the Presb3'ter3' of Monmouth. •^Contributions to the Earl 3' History of Perth Amboy. [William A. Whitehead. H[istor3'' of Monmouth Count3^ N. J Franklin Ellis. Court Records in Monmouth County, N. J. Life and Times of Rev. Richard Baxter. .' William Orme. Brick Church Memorial (Marlboro, N. J.) Theodore W. Wells. Memoirs of Rev. David Brainerd Jonathan Edwards. The Life of John Brainerd Thomas Brainerd. Publications of the New Jersey Historical Societ3^ Historical Sermons Archibald P. Cobb. Manual of the Village Presbyterian Church, Freehold, N. J. Presbyterian Church in Jamesburg, N. J Benjamin S. Everitt. Presb3^terian Church in Allentown, N. J George Swain. Records of the Presbyterian Church in Manalapan. Papers in the Librar3^ of Princeton Theological Seminary. Collections in the Presb3'terian Historical Societ3^, Philadelphia. Records of the Descendants of John Foreman William P. Forman. History of the Old Tenncnt Church. CHAPTER I. ORGANIZATION. The Old Tenneiit Church is situated in ii little hamlet " called by the same name, Tenuent," in Manalapan Town- ship, Monmouth Co., 'New Jerse3\ The place may be reached by trains over the Pennsylvania R. P. scheduled in time-table " " headed New York and Ambo}^ Divisions : —or by carriaire on the Freehold-Englishtown turnpike, crossing the Manala- pan and Patton's Corner turnpike. " The present corporate name of the Tennent church is The First Presbyterian Church of the County of Monmouth.'' Its historv is that of a continuous ors-anization, vet desio:nated bv " different names. Its earliest formation is called the Old Scots Church." Afterwards, for more than one hundred " years it was known as the Freehold Church." Under this name it acquired its reputation. But in memory of the saint- ly John Tennent, and the long and efficient services of his brother William Tennent, Jr. as pastors, it has taken the " name of the Tennent Church." By this name it has been enrolled in the lists of the General Assembly since 1859. This avoids confusins: this church with the one oro:anized in " Freehold village in 1838, and which now is called The First Church of Freehold." And finally, from the dignity of its great age and its interesting historical associations it has been " colloquially styled The Old Tennent Church." Thus, follow- ing the successive stages of its history it might reasonably be called The Scots-Freehold-Tennent Church. 6 HISTORY OF OLD TENNENT. The sanctuaries that have stood on the present site, have " " locally been called the Upper Meeting House," the White '' " Hill Meeting House," Woodhull's Church," and The Old Red Church." of the vicinity of The Old Scots and Tennertt CfxurcTie^. jSc2^^e—I'H^ile^'to I inch. _!*Icnmou.{h Courtly, "N&w iJersey. Taken from the State topographical maps of George H. Cook and C. C. Vermeule. Bv what can be ascertained from the most authentic facts j tlie it that of the anent subject strongly appears some original ] members of the Tennent church were of Covenanter extrac- tion. It is not impossible to suppose that more than one that t t c c c c" ORGAOTZATIOX. 7 worshiped in tlic Old Scots church had been a witness ot such murderous work as that of tlie cruel Claverhouse and his dragoons, and of the horrible tortures of the prisoners in the damp and foul Dunottar Castle. The Covenanters ^^ ere chiefly Scotch Presbyterians that hated and opposed prelacy. They believed that Christ is the head of the church, and the authority in all true religion, and that no man could usurp these prerogatives. They would not unite in worship that was led and governed by so-called functionaries. Therefore they refused to conform to the zeal- ous effort of King Charles the Ilnd to impose the rites and modes of prelatic worship upon them. Disobedience to the King's order by these non-conforming Presbyterians was " especially manifested in their attendance on conventicles," or gatherings for worship that Avere apart from the established church, and often held in private houses or in retired glens. This opposition to the King's will was the cause of a bitter and bloody persecution of twenty-eight j'ears, from 1660 to " to 1688. The Highland Watch, as it was called, was let loose upon the country (Scotland) : its inhabitants were of their cast into and sold spoiled goods ; prisons, banished, as slaves ;id multitudes of them shot in cold blood, and otherwise utchered, sometimes with, and sometimes without, form of b '." (Orme). Some hi ve estimated that during these twenty-eight years about eigl; tcen thousand people were either banished or put to death. " During the summer ot 1685, in the period of the Killing " times so called, about one hundred men and women were imprisoned in Dunottar Castle, a strong fortress in eastern Scotland, built on a o-reat rock lookino: out over th'e JS'orth Sea. It is now in ruins. Here these people were shut up in " a vault which was ankle deep in mire, with but one window overlooking the sea. They were without any conveniences for sitting, leaning, or lying, and, indeed, so full was the place, that little more than sittino; room was afforded. Stifled for =k * * * want of air, stinted for both food and water & HISTORY OF OLD TEIsWENT. many died, and others became afflicted with diseases." (Whitehead). And when several attempted to escape, some were retaken and subjected to excruciating torture by having matches put between their fingers and kept burning for three hours. The scars of these and other barbarous tortures were carried by the persecuted ones through after life. This re- " " minds one of the story of the Black Hole in India, seventy years later. Toward the close of the summer these Dunottar prisoners were marched down to Leith, most of them on foot, " and their hands tied behind their back with small cords," making a weary journey of sixty-six miles after their dreadful incarceration. Previous to this a certain George Scot, laird of Pitlochie, having been fined and imprisoned a number of times for the sake of his religion, determined to sail for the plantations in East Jersey, to find there a refuge from the troublous times in his native land. Permission was granted him b}^ the authori- " ties to pass from the kingdom without any Let, Impedi- " ment, or Molestation." He chartered a vessel, the Henry and Francis, of [N^ewcastle, a ship of 350 tons, and twenty great guns, Richard Hutton, master," or captain.
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