Apprenticeship at Vocational High Schools in the Republic of Korea
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Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training Center for School Apprenticeship Center for School Apprenticeship 03 Chapter I. Chapter / Terminology Overview Operating System Chapter II. Apprentice An apprentice is a person hired by the training company owner to offer labor and re- ceive training pursuant to Article 2 (1) 1 of the Labor Standards Act. Apprenticeship agreement Courses and Support An apprenticeship agreement is the agreement concluded between an apprentice and Chapter III. the training company owner. Based on this agreement, an apprentice offers labor to the company and receives training, while the training company owner pays wages and provides training by establishing necessary courses at the workplace. Apprenticeship education center (or joint training center) An apprenticeship education center (or joint training center) equipped with proper facili- ties and devices is installed at the representative institution of each project group (from Chapter IV. Chapter stronghold type to single-school type and shared-training-center type) to provide on-the-job and Outcomes off-the-job training for apprentices of each project group. The apprenticeship educa- tion center can be used as a venue for off-the-job training and “at-center on-the-job training”, which fully reflects the demands of training companies. The Ministry of Education uses the term “apprenticeship education center”, while the Ministry of Employment and Labor refers to it as a “joint training center”. External evaluation Appendices An external evaluation is performed by an evaluation panel composed of external spe- cialists and workplace teachers by a designated evaluation institution. Apprentices who have completed all courses of an apprenticeship program and passed the internal evaluation and document screening can submit an application to the Work-Learning 04 APPRENTICESHIP AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS Dual System Management Department at a branch of Human Resources Development Service of Korea and take the written evaluation (true/false questions, multiple-choice questions, descriptive questions, short-answer questions, etc.) and the practical knowledge evaluation (workplace evaluation, interviews, portfolio evaluation, etc.) based on the compulsory competency units included in the training courses. Two rounds of evaluation are performed imme- diately before or after the completion of the apprenticeship program. The evaluation panel members are selected from specialists of industry-specific organizations, NCS, National Technical Qualification, etc. HRD manager An HRD manager is an insured employee of the training company pursuant to Subparagraph 1 of Article 2 of the Employment Insurance Act who is designated by the training company owner to take charge of administrative support for the operation of training courses. Pursuant to Article 2 of the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act, any insured employee of the training company’s subsidiary, etc., who has taken charge of the education and training of the training company and thus is recognized by Human Resources Development Service of Korea as qualified may be designated as an HRD manager of the training company as an exception. HRD-Net HRD-Net is a vocational training portal site operated by Korea Employment Information Service to provide support for apprenticeship. Schools operating the ap- prenticeship program post all information related to training (from the selection of training companies to training details and applications for training costs) on this site to be monitored and managed. Hub Agency for Apprenticeship The Hub Agency for Apprenticeship is an internal institution of Korea University of Technology & Education to provide support for apprenticeship program operators. Human Resources Development Service of Korea Human Resources Development Service of Korea is a special corporation established under the Ministry of Employment and Labor to cultivate industrial workforces and promote the economy and public welfare. Internal evaluation The achievement level evaluation regularly performed for participants of the appren- Center for School Apprenticeship 05 ticeship program is the internal evaluation. The school and company separately eval- uate the achievement of each apprentice to check whether the preset training goals Chapter I. Chapter have been reached and whether the apprentice is qualified to apply for an external Overview evaluation. ① All competency units (compulsory and optional competency units, training tailored for in- dividual companies, etc.) included in the training courses are evaluated. Although an internal evaluation of training tailored for individual companies is recom- mended, it is not compulsory. ② An evaluation of each competency unit is standard, but an evaluation of each Operating System Chapter II. course is possible to ensure greater efficiency. ③ An internal evaluation should be performed before or within one month from the completion of each competency unit or course. ④ The internal evaluation of all compulsory competency units must be completed before the submission of the application for an external evaluation (with the total training progress rate standing at 80% at minimum and the attendance rate at 80% at minimum). Courses and Support Chapter III. Korean Skills Quality Authority Korean Skills Quality Authority is an institution affiliated with Korea University of Technology & Education that performs screening and evaluation commissioned by the Ministry of Employment and Labor. Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training (KRIVET) KRIVET is a government-funded research institution under the Prime Minister that was Chapter IV. Chapter established to contribute to promoting vocational education and training and the vo- Outcomes cational competencies of the public. Korea University of Technology & Education Korea University of Technology & Education, affiliated with the Ministry of Employment and Labor, fosters specialists in engineering and human resources development. Metropolitan and Provincial Offices of Education Appendices The metropolitan and provincial Offices of Education were established to take charge of all affairs in relation to education through each superintendent (the executive body of metropolitan- and provincial-level educational and academic affairs) and related public officials. 06 APPRENTICESHIP AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS Ministry of Education The Ministry of Education is the central administrative agency of the government in charge of Korea’s human resources development policies, school education, lifelong education, and academic affairs. Ministry of Employment and Labor The Ministry of Employment and Labor is the central administrative agency of the gov- ernment in charge of Korea’s employment policies and all affairs in relation to labor. On-the-job training learning tool On-the-job training learning tools refer to all learning materials used for on-the-job training. A total of KRW 3 million per training company is allocated for the develop- ment of learning tools for two to three on-the-job courses. However, any additional learning tools needed must be developed and operated by training companies on their own. P-TECH (Pathways in Technical Education-Oriented Convergent High- Technology) P-TECH involves WBL for high-level skills. It refers to the intermediate and advanced training courses operated for apprenticeship program graduates in connection with polytechnic universities and junior colleges. On-the-job training is provided at their workplaces during the daytime, and off-the-job training is provided at nearby joint training centers on weekends and at night. The pilot operation began in March 2017, and over 1,400 students of 59 departments at 35 colleges are participating as of March 2020. Training company A training company is a company designated by the government to provide appren- ticeship training. Workplace teacher A workplace teacher refers to a vocational skills development training teacher or a person equipped with expert knowledge in the relevant field pursuant to Article 27 of the Enforcement Decree of the Act on the Development of Vocational Skills of Workers designated by the training company owner to train apprentices to attain the skills, knowledge, and competencies required to perform their jobs. 08 APPRENTICESHIP AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS Korea’s Secondary Vocational 1. Education Korea’s Secondary Education1) Korea’s elementary and secondary education consists of six years of ele- mentary school, three years of middle school (first-half secondary education), and three years of high school (second-half secondary education). Students are required to choose from among different types of high schools when moving onto the higher level from middle school. Middle schools are rarely divided into different types. More than 99% of elementary school graduates move onto middle school, and more than 99% of middle school graduates move onto high school. Korea’s high schools are categorized into various types based on different standards. They are first divided into national/public high schools and pri- vate high schools depending on the organization that established the school. They are then divided into general education high schools, voca- tional high schools, and arts/sports high schools based on the priority of education. They are also divided into general high schools, autonomous pri- vate high schools, autonomous public high schools, special-purpose high 1) The figures