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Detección De La Garrapata Exótica Amblyomma Varanense(Acari: Ixodidae) En Especímenes Importados De Varanus Salvator (Squamat

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Detección De La Garrapata Exótica Amblyomma Varanense(Acari: Ixodidae) En Especímenes Importados De Varanus Salvator (Squamat InVet. 2019, 21 (2): 331-336 ISSN 1514-6634 (impreso) GARRAPATA EXÓTICA EN ARGENTINA ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN ISSN 1668-3498 (en línea) Detección de la garrapata exótica Amblyomma varanense (Acari: Ixodidae) en especímenes importados de Varanus salvator (Squamata: Varanidae) en la Argentina Exotic tick Amblyomma varanense (Acari: Ixodidae) in imported specimens from Varanus salvator (Squamata: Varanidae) in Argentina CICUTTIN, GL.1; WIEMEYER, G.2*; PÉREZ, MA.2*; GUGLIELMONE, AA.3; NAVA, S.3 1Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur- Ministerio de Salud- Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Av. Díaz Vélez 4821 C1405DCD CABA. 2Jardín Zoológico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. República de la India 3000 CP 1425, CABA, Argentina. *Filiación actual: Ecoparque Buenos Aires. República de la India 3000 CP 1425, CABA, Argentina. 3 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC 22, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina. RESUMEN La importación de animales vivos, especialmente reptiles, ha contribuido al transporte e introducción de garrapatas exóticas en muchas regiones del mundo. Se describe el hallazgo de 11 especímenes (un macho, dos hembras y ocho ninfas) de Amblyomma varanense co- lectados de dos varanos acuáticos (Varanus salvator) importados legalmente desde Jakarta, Indonesia. Amblyomma varanense es una garrapata distribuida en las regiones zoogeográficas Oriental y de Australasia, y V. salvator se encuentra entre los principales hospedadores. Es necesario prevenir la introducción de garrapatas exóticas y microrganismos asociados, poniéndose en evidencia el riesgo que conlleva la importación de vertebrados exóticos. Palabras clave: (garrapata), (varano), (Argentina). Recibido: 24-03-19 Aceptado: 18-09-19 Correspondencia e-mail: Gabriel Cicuttin [email protected] InVet Vol. 21 Nº 2, 2019 331 CICUTTIN, GL.; WIEMEYER, G.; PÉREZ, MA.; GUGLIELMONE, AA.; NAVA, S. SUMMARY The importation of live animals, especially reptiles, has contributed to the transport and introduction of exotic ticks in many regions of the world. We describe the finding of 11 specimens (one male, two females and eight nymphs) of Amblyomma varanense collected from two common water monitors (Varanus salvator) legally imported from Jakarta, In- donesia. Amblyomma varanense is a tick distributed in the Eastern and Australasian zoogeographic regions, and V. salvator is among the main hosts. It is necessary to prevent the introduction of exotic ticks and associated microorganisms, highlighting the risk involved in the importation of exotic vertebrates. Key words: (tick), (monitor), (Argentina). INTRODUCCIÓN una serpiente Python molurus procedente de Asia y, por último, Amblyomma latum fue detectada en serpientes (Python regius) importadas a Chi- El comercio de animales exóticos puede le, Argentina y Uruguay7,26, para citar algunos transportar una importante cantidad de orga- ejemplos recientes para el sur del continente. nismos asociados, con potencial de infestar e in- En Argentina, la importación de animales fectar nuevos hospedadores en el país de destino implica el cumplimiento de un certificado ve- (humanos, animales domésticos y silvestres) y terinario internacional acordado especialmente ser un potencial riesgo para la salud humana y entre las autoridades de sanidad agroalimenta- animal. Las garrapatas están entre los parásitos ria de cada país de origen y la de el receptor más comúnmente reportados en el comercio (para el caso de Argentina el Servicio Nacional internacional de animales; especialmente para de Sanidad Agroalimentaria, SENASA). En el caso de reptiles vivos, que contribuyeron a la el caso puntual de importación de reptiles, la introducción de garrapatas exóticas en todo el resolución Nº 49/2008 de SENASA, solicita la mundo y a la potencial dispersión de patógenos inspección del reptil por un veterinario oficial asociados2. Por ejemplo en Estados Unidos y del país exportador dentro de las 72 h previa Reino Unido se ha reportado la introducción de a su importación, enfocándose en signos de numerosas especies de garrapatas exóticas perte- enfermedades infectocontagiosas (en especial necientes a los géneros Ornithodoros, Amblyom- salmonelosis) y/o parasitarias de interés cuaren- ma, Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, tenario; la única mención en dicha resolución Ixodes y Rhipicephalus con la importación de sobre ectoparásitos se refiere al ácaro Ophion- vertebrados, mayormente reptiles1-4,10,12,13,17,19,21. yssus natricis (Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Asimismo, diferentes microrganismos potencial- Calidad Agroalimentaria 2008). mente patógenos también fueron detectados en En esta comunicación se describe la intro- garrapatas exóticas introducidas con reptiles1,3,13. ducción de una especie de garrapata exótica en En Sudamérica existen algunos registros de reptiles importados legalmente a la Argentina introducción de garrapatas exóticas por reptiles desde Jakarta, Indonesia. importados. Amblyomma argentinae fue detecta- da en tortugas terrestres argentinas importadas a Chile y Uruguay, Amblyomma rotundatum fue MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS hallada en el Jardín Zoológico de Montevideo (Uruguay) sin determinarse el hospedador, una especie desconocida de Amblyomma (citada co- En septiembre de 2014, el Zoológico de mo Aponomma) fue encontrada en Argentina en Buenos Aires recibió 4 ejemplares de varano 332 InVet Vol. 21 Nº 2, 2019 GARRAPATA EXÓTICA EN ARGENTINA 11 acuático (Varanus salvator) para ser integrados a y claves de Kaufman para adultos (mencio- una exhibición ambulante montada de manera nada como Aponomma varanense, actualmente 8 22 transitoria en el parque con motivo de las vaca- sinónimo de Am. varanense ) y de Sharif para ciones de invierno. Los animales fueron admiti- ninfas (mencionada con el nombre de Apo- dos al país seis días antes, como parte de un lote nomma gervaisi lucasi, actualmente sinónimo 8 de 919 reptiles importados legalmente desde de Am. varanense ). Amblyomma varanense fue Jakarta, Indonesia con certificación veterinaria tradicionalmente incluida dentro del género que declaraba al establecimiento de origen “li- Aponomma, pero en la actualidad existe amplio bre de enfermedades de interés cuarentenario consenso de su pertenencia al género Amblyom- 8,9,15 y que puedan ser vehiculizadas por las especies ma . Morfológicamente el macho se carac- importadas, habiendo recibido tratamiento teriza por un contorno corporal sub-circular, contra parásitos externos e internos que garanti- ojos y surco marginal ausentes, puntuaciones ce una condición sanitaria satisfactoria”. numerosas, ornato del escudo con cinco man- Al examen clínico los cuatro varanos presen- chas de coloración metálica amarillenta-ver- taron un mal estado general con severo deterioro dosa (dos posteriores, dos laterales, y una en de la salud. Entre los cuadros identificados se posición antero-central, ninguna en el área registraron necrosis de falanges distales y ampu- escapular), cornua pequeña y redondeada, fes- tación de dedos, fracturas, tumefacción articular tones conspicuos, dentición del hipostoma 3/3, compatible con artritis séptica, endoparásitos coxa I con dos espinas cortas y redondeadas (la (exámenes compatibles con huevos de cestodes externa más larga que la interna), y coxas II- sin identificar), ectoparásitos, anemia, heterofi- III con una espina central bien marcada más lia, hiperuricemia, e hipoalbuminemia. Se colec- ancha que larga. La diagnosis morfológica de taron 11 garrapatas a partir de dos ejemplares. la hembra se basa en la combinación de los Los dos animales afectados por ectopará- siguientes caracteres: ojos ausentes, ornato del sitos murieron durante los primeros 30 días, escudo caracterizado por tres manchas (dos mientras que los restantes debieron recibir en al área escapular, y una en el área central), tratamiento multimodal y una vez estabilizados cornua pequeña y redondeada, áreas porosas fueron devueltos al importador por considerar- sub-ovales separadas por un áreas con un diá- los un riesgo para el plantel animal de la insti- metro mayor al de cada área porosa, dentición tución receptora. del hipostoma 3/3, superficie ventral cubierta Las muestras de ectoparásitos fueron con- por setas, coxa I con dos espinas cortas y redon- servadas en etanol al 70% hasta su procesamien- deadas (la externa más larga que la interna), y to en el Laboratorio de Inmunología y Parasi- coxas II-III con una espina central bien marca- tología del INTA Rafaela, donde las garrapatas da más ancha que larga. La ninfa se caracteriza fueron determinadas a nivel específico con las por un capítulo sub-rectangular con cornuas descripciones morfológicas y claves dicotómicas pequeñas, hipostoma con dentición 2/2, ojos presentadas en Kaufman11, Sharif22, Durden y ausentes, márgenes laterales del escudo con Beati6 y Pun et al 20. una leve concavidad y margen posterior apenas redondeado, coxa I con dos espinas cortas bien RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN conspicuas, sub-iguales y redondeadas, y coxas II-III con una espina de posición central. Los especímenes están depositados en la Colección Todas las garrapatas fueron identificadas de Garrapatas del INTA Rafaela (INTA 2415). como pertenecientes al género Amblyomma, Morfológicamente, los adultos de Am. subgénero Aponomma, de acuerdo a Durden y varanense son similares a los de Amblyomma Beati6. En total se identificaron un macho, dos gervaisi. Amblyomma varanense posee dos es- hembras y ocho ninfas de Amblyomma varanen-
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