K-Electric Limited

ESIA of 250 MW KPC II Dual Fuel Power Plant

Final Report

September, 2016

Global Environmental Management Services (Pvt.) Ltd.

2nd Floor, Aiwan-e-Sanat, ST-4/2, Sector 23, Korangi Industrial Area, Karachi Ph: (92-21) 35113804-5; Fax: (92-21) 35113806; Email: [email protected]

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AIS Air Insulated Substation AMSL Above Mean Sea Level APCS Air Pollution Control System AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator AVT All Volatile Treatment BHU Basic Health Unit BQPS-I Bin Qasim Power Station-I BQPS-II Bin Qasim Power Station-II CEDI Continuous Electro Deionization CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DAF Dissolved Air Flotation DG Director General E&S Environment and Safety EA Environmental Assessment EDI Electro Deionization EHS Environment, Health and Safety EHV Extra High Voltage EP Equator Principles EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction EPFI Equator Principles Financial Institutions ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment FGDs Focused Group Discussions GEMS Global Environmental Management Services GIIP Good International and Industry Practice GIS Gas Insulated Substation GPS Ground Positioning System GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Map Project HFO Heavy Fuel Oil HHW Higher High Water HIS Hybrid Insulated Substation

HLW Higher Low Water HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator IAM Impact Assessment Matrix IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFC International Finance Corporation IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IUCN International Union for Conserving Nature KE K-Electric KESC Karachi Electric Supply Corporation KIET Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology KII Key Informant Interviews KPC Korangi Power Complex KTPS Korangi Thermal Power Station KWSB Karachi Water & Sewerage Board LAA Land Acquisition Act LHW Low Higher Water LLW Lower Low Water LNG Liquid Natural Gas MFF Mangrove for Future MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet MSZ Makran Subduction Zone NCS National Conservation Strategy NE North East NEAP National Environmental Action Plan NEAP-SP National Environmental Action Plan-Support Program NG Natural Gas NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NOC No Objection Certificate OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration OWT Oily Water Treatment PAF Pakistan Air Force PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency PFFF Pakistan Fisher Folk Forum PGA Peak Ground Acceleration PMD Pakistan Meteorological Department PPE Personal Protective Equipment

RO Reverse Osmosis SEPA Sindh Environmental Protection Agency SEQS Sindh Environmental Quality Standards SSGC Sui Southern Gas Company STG Steam Turbine Generator TMP Traffic Management Plan UAE United Arab Emirates UNDP United Nation Development Program WWF World Wide Fund

  




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Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

ES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PROJECT TITLE

Environmental & Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of 250 MW Dual-Fuel Combined Cycle Power Plant KPC-II

PROPONENT INTRODUCTION

K-Electric, commonly referred to as KE is a vertically integrated electric company involved in generating, transmitting and distributing power to over 2.5 million customers in Karachi and in the nearby towns of Dhabeji and Gharo in Sindh, and Hub, Uthal, Vinder and Bela in Balochistan. It employs over 10,000 people and covers 6,500 square kilometers with industrial, commercial, agricultural and residential areas falling under its network. K-Electric has its own generation capacity of 1,652 MW, predominantly from its major Thermal Power Plants (BQPS I, BQPS II and KPC) and two Gas Engines Power Plants (SITE & Korangi), inclusive of 450 MW that has been added owing to the initiatives of the new management and the company inaugurated an additional 560 MW project in 2012.

K-Electric being a prestigious and environmentally conscious organization wants to comply with all applicable laws and therefore intends to carry out the environmental impact assessment of its new Power Plant in Karachi.

CONSULTANT INTRODUCTION

Global Environmental Management Services (Pvt.) Ltd. (GEMS) is a consultancy firm which provides extensive services like Environmental Audits, Initial Environmental Examinations (IEE), Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), Baseline studies and Training & Capacity building.

GEMS personnel have professional environmental and social experience extending throughout Pakistan and UAE. They are all qualified environmental and social scientists with complementary multi-disciplinary skills covering all major biomes of the environment. As a result GEMS is able to offer accurate, independent and appropriate services to clients and to regulatory bodies.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary i Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

For over a decade GEMS have conducted environmental and social impact assessments (ESIA) in an expanding range of sectors including the energy (oil and gas industry, power plants etc), manufacturing industries (e.g. pharmaceutical, mineral fertilizers, textile, paper, food processing etc.), infrastructure (roads, highway’s buildings etc.), ports and harbors, tourism, aquaculture and fisheries

NEED OF THE PROJECT

Karachi is the industrial, financial and trading hub of Pakistan. The availability of port facilities has attracted energy related investments over several decades thus positioning Karachi as the focal point of the energy corridor of Pakistan. Although KE has a customer base of 2.3 million connections across residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural sectors, the real beneficiaries are over 20 million people living in and around Karachi. KE continues to receive applications for new connections on daily basis. At any particular instant, the volume of these applications usually adds up to several hundred MW. KE recorded a peak demand of 2929 MW in June 2014, an increase by nearly 500 MW within last six years. Hence the demand of electricity is ascending with the passage of time and calls for investment in generation capacities for reducing demand-supply gap for the power consumers.

On the other hand shortage of indigenous Natural Gas has been hampering operations of existing gas based generation at KE. There is also a limitation of transmission infrastructure as existing infrastructure capacity is mostly exhausted and new transmission network of 220 kV is expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to proactively develop projects that sustain the power generation and supply nexus. As an economic and fast track addition of generation capacity, KE has proposed a 250 MW Dual-Fired Power Plant project.

PROJECT AREA

The Proposed Project site lies within the premises of the existing KPC which is located adjacent to Ibrahim Hyderi Goth and PAF Korangi Creek, Karachi at the edge of the Korangi Creek system.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

As mentioned in Proponent’s introduction, one of its Thermal Power Plants, Korangi Power Complex (KPC), is currently operational with power generation of 248 MW. KE intends to install a new dual fuel (HFO/NG) combined cycle power plant namely KPC-II based on medium speed engines giving a net plant capacity of approximately 250 MW, which will be connected to the 132 kV network for which new GIS (Gas insulated substation) will be built within the premises of existing KPC. New Engines will be imported for the proposed project. The power plant will be based on Natural

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary ii Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Gas (NG) and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO). The preferred primary fuel will be NG, however during unavailability of NG, HFO will be used as secondary fuel.

Most of the proposed project components will be economically feasible and less environmentally deteriorating as it will be developed in the existing system of KPC. Since KPC is located near the sea, the proposed project will directly use the seawater as a source of cooling water for the steam turbine cooling. Furthermore, it will develop a new 132 kV GIS grid station located in the same vicinity which will help in reducing existing losses with the usage of new advanced state of art technology.

LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENT

The ESIA of the proposed K-Electric Project activity will be subjected to the pertinent legislative and regulatory requirements of the Government of Sindh including State laws. Legislation presents a synopsis of environmental policies, legislation and other guidelines that have relevance to the proposed project.

The proposed project falls under the project category of SCHEDULE II “Thermal power generation over 100MW” as per the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations, 2014 issued by the Environmental Protection Agency - Sindh (SEPA) under the Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014 (SEPA 2014).

According to these guidelines, projects under this category require an EIA to be conducted. SEPA 2014 is the basic legislative tool empowering the provincial government to frame regulations for the protection of the environment. The Act is broadly applicable to air, water, soil, marine and noise pollution. Penalties have been prescribed for those contravening the provisions of the Act.

The two primary deliberations of the Act are the conduct of projects only after approval of environmental assessments from the SEPA and adherence with Sindh Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS).

Under section 17 of SEPA 2014;

“No proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with the EPA an IEE or EIA, and has obtained from the EPA approval in respect thereof” .

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary iii Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

The proposed project area lies within the premises of KPC. No change in land-use or landscape has been identified. Since project area lies in Korangi Creek area, it is adjacent to the sea and water of the sea will be utilized for proposed plant’s consumption. Water treatment systems will be installed for treating the seawater. The meteorological conditions are that observed for Karachi city. Ambient Air quality is found to be under SEQS at proposed project site.

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Since existing KPC area is being utilized, no rare, endangered or threatened species were found. However, planned horticulture was observed which will be redesigned during construction phase. Vacant spaces of land will be utilized for developing green areas. Marine environment is found to be depleted due to excessive transboundary pollution load and overfishing leading to decrease of fish populations.

SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The proposed project area is located adjacent to Ibrahim Hyderi Goth which is a famous fishing community. People living in this community have below-average incomes. Their source of income is solely from fishing business throughout the year. Besides that, PAF Korangi Base is also located adjacent to the proposed project site. The Base is completely under PAF administration as well as an educational institute, named as PAF KIET. Apart from Ibrahim Hyderi Goth, a small number of KE employees live in KE Colony which is located within the KCP area.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATIONS

The proposed project will impact the environment during construction and operation phases. The impacts are categorized according to their severity and duration. The main impacts that are identified during the study are highlighted below:

Construction Phase

The sources of air emissions during construction phase will include various construction equipment, Standby generator units and vehicles. Major pollutants released from such sources include NO X, SO 2, CO, PM 10 and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC).

Wastewater sources will include construction machinery and vehicle washings, sanitary wastewater and surface run offs.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary iv Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Non-hazardous solid wastes will comprise construction debris, excavated soil, packaging materials, metal and wooden scraps, empty containers of non-hazardous materials and domestic wastes.

Solid and liquid hazardous wastes will include, e-waste, cleaning solvents, waste oil, oily sludge, paints, batteries, containers of hazardous materials, contaminated soils from spills, etc.

Major sources of noise during construction activities are construction machinery / equipment such as standby generators, compressors, engines, drillers, cement/ concrete mixers, compactors etc., and activities such as excavation, bull dozing, and piling. The vehicles used for the transport of men and materials to the site will also generate noise along the access road.

Accidental releases at construction sites may result mostly from any spills during loading / unloading, transportation and use of hazardous materials. The cleanup of such spills generates contaminated sands, oil-soaked rags and floor sweepings. In instances where compressed gas cylinders or welding gases are used, there is a likelihood of accidental leaks during storage and handling.

Operation Phase

During the operation phase, air emissions will be mainly from the stationary point sources, mobile sources and fugitive emission sources. The point sources will include the stacks attached to the Generators and the HRSG units. Fugitive emission sources include storage tanks, valves, flanges and pipe fittings. Mobile sources include the vehicles used for transportation of men and materials. Major pollutants released from such sources include NO X, SO 2, CO, PM 10 , UHC and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).

Various measures for control of emissions will be incorporated in the facility as described in the relevant chapters of the report.

The cooling water from the power plant will be discharged into the sea through the common seawater outfall channel along with treated wastewater from the wastewater treatment system. The storm water from non-plant areas will be drained to sea using outfalls through storm water drains.

Non-hazardous solid wastes will include domestic and office waste, packing materials, metal scrap and containers of non-hazardous materials. The hazardous wastes mainly include spent batteries, containers of hazardous materials, filter mediums, empty containers of hazardous materials, waste oils, oily sludge, waste chemicals and solvents, waste paints, etc.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary v Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

CONCLUSION

The ESIA of the proposed power plant project has achieved the following goals:

Identification of national and provincial environmental regulatory requirements that apply to the proposed project activities;

Identification of the environmental features of the project area including the physical, biological and social disturbance and likely impact of the project on the environment;

Recommendation of appropriate mitigation measures that K-Electric will incorporate and ensure as per this ESIA into the project to minimize the adverse environmental impacts;

The study was intended to generate factual information on power plants and their potential applications.

"If the activities are undertaken as proposed and described in this report and the recommended mitigation measures and environmental management plan is adopted, it is concluded that the proposed project will increase the existing K- Electric’s capacity to deliver the necessary load without causing any negative impact. The proposed project is favorable in all respects which include system capacity, eco nomics and environmental impacts.”

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary vi Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary vii Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Impact Assessment Matrix (IAM)

Duration Momentar y Short Term Medium Term Long Term 10 Long Term Severity < 1 Week < 1 Year 1 – 10 Years – 50 Years > 50 Year s

Positive Effect + ++ +++

Slight Effect Negligible

Minor Effect LOW

Moderate Ef fect MEDIUM

Major Effect HIGH

Massive Effect

IAM terms for Severity of Consequences

Severity Definition

Massive Effect • Persistent severe environmental damage or severe nuisance extending over a large area; • Constant, high exceedance of statutory or prescribed limits (representing a threat to human health in both the long and short term); and • In terms of commercial or recreational use or nature conservancy , a major economic loss for the company.

Potential Consequence

• Causing widespread nuisance both on and off site; • Significant, widespread and permanent loss of resource; and • Major contribution to a known global environmental problem with demonstrable effects.

Major Effect • Severe environmental damage; • Extended surpassing of statutory or prescribed limits; and • The company is required to take extensive measures to restore the contaminated environment to its original state.

Potential Consequence

• Highly noticeable effects on the environment, difficult to reverse. • Widespread degradation of resources restricting potential for further usage; • Significant contribution to a known global environmental problem when compared with oil and gas industry world-wide;

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary viii Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Severity Definition

• Statutory or prescribed guidelines approaching occupational exposure limits; and • Periodic widespread nuisance both on and off site.

Moderate Effect • Release of quantifiable discharges of known toxicity; • Repeated exceedance of statutory or prescribed limit; and • Causing localized nuisance both on and off site.

Potential Consequence

• Noticeable effects on the environment, reversible over the long term; • Localized degradation of resources restricting potential for usage; and • Elevated contribution to global air pollution problem partly due to preventable releases.

Minor Effect • Contamination; • Damage sufficiently large to attack the environment; • No permanent effects to the environment; • Single exceedance of statutory or prescribed criterion; and • Single complaint.

Potential Consequence

• Noticeable effects on the environment, but returning to original condition in the medium term without specific mitigation measures; • Slight local degradation of resources, but not jeopardizing further usage; • Small contribution to global air problem through unavoidable releases; • Elevation in ambient pollutant levels greater than 50 % of statutory or prescribed guidelines; and • Infrequent localized nuisance.

Slight Effect • Local environmental damage; • Within the fence and within systems; and • Negligible financial consequences.

Potential Consequence

• No noticeable or limited local effect upon the environment, rapidly returning to original state by natural action;

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary ix Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Severity Definition

• Unlikely to effect resources to noticeable degree; • No significant contribution to global air pollution problem; • Minor elevation in ambient pollutant levels, but well below statutory or prescribed guidelines; and • No reported nuisance effects. Severity • Activity has a net-positive and beneficial affect resulting in sustainable environmental improvement (such as ecosystem health); • Increase in magnitude or quality of habitat for those species known to naturally occur in the area; • Growth in ‘naturally occurring’ populations of flora and fauna; • Positive feedback from stakeholders; and • Potential financial gains.

IAM terms for Likelihood of Occurrence

Likelihood Definition

Certain Will occur under normal operating conditions.

Very Likely Very likely to occur under normal operational conditions.

Likely Likely to occur at some time under normal operating conditions.

Unlikely, but may occur at some time under normal operating Unlikely conditions.

Very unlikely to occur under normal operating conditions Very Unlikely but may occur in exceptional circumstances.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary x Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Summary of the Construction Phase Environmental Impact and Mitigations

Impact Residual Enviro nmental Aspect Nature Severity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Severity Rating Impact Rating

Ensure that only licensed authorized contractors will be hired for supplying the Minor Exploitation of natural Natural Resources Adverse Low construction materials; Slight E ffect Low Effect resources will not occur Unauthorized third party contractors will be discouraged to participate

The cutting and leveling activities will be restricted to the designated plot boundaries. Topography will not be Topography and Slight disturbed and will be Adverse Low Drainage channels will be provided around Slight E ffect Negligible Landscape Effect the site in order to route the flow channels to limited within the areas downstream of the site, in order to existing land-use avoid flooding

Use of standard construction equipment and vehicles;

Scheduled maintenance of back- up generators, equipment and vehicles including Dust emissions will engine tuning, filter cleaning, etc.; occur but will remain within the working zone. Moderat e Wate r spraying will be done to reduce dust Ambient Air Quality Adverse Medium Fumes from painting Slight E ffect Low Effect emissions; and fabrication works Enclosed painting booths and dedicated will be controlled to fabrication areas in favor of wind direction so minimized levels. the fumes may divert away from the site;

The vehicle speeds on graded roads will be limited in order to minimize dust emissions

Noise levels as per SEQS i.e. 80 d B (A) during day-time and 75dB (A) during night-time; Construction activities Moderat e Ambient Noise Adverse Medium will continue with Slight E ffect Low Effect Workers on site will be provided with adequate ‘personal protective equipment’ reduced noise (PPE);

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary xi Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Impact Residual Enviro nmental Aspect Nature Severity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Severity Rating Impact Rating

Construction equipment/machineries will be provided with suitable noise dampening devices;

Construction activities w ill be scheduled / planned in such a way as to prevent high noise activities during night times and simultaneous operation of multiple high noise equipment will be avoided to the extent feasible

Green areas will be developed in vacant portions of proposed project areas; Slight The area will sustain Terrestrial Ecology Adverse Low Positive Effect +++ Effect Plant trees that are indigenous and will ecology mature in short time and support local avifauna

EPC Contractor will establish internal procedures for safe material handling;

EPC Contractor with KE administration will develop Hazardous Material Handling Moderat e procedures during the designing phase; Contamination chances Soil and Groundwater Adverse Medium Slight E ffect Low Effect A spill prevention response team will be will be minimized available throughout the construction phase;

Storage of waste material on-site will not be allowed to be stored on any open area and not more than one (01) week

Existing drainage has bearing capacity of Slight No major load increase Marine Environment Adverse Low more effluent and will sustain rise in effluent Slight E ffect Low Effect in outfall discharge discharge caused during construction activities;

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary xii Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Impact Residual Enviro nmental Aspect Nature Severity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Severity Rating Impact Rating

Construction activities will be performed with comple te standard procedures and minimal discharge will be produced

Slight Existing KPC land will be utilized No significant change Land use Adverse Low Slight E ffect Negligible Effect in land use

EPC contractor will ensure the cumulative magnitude of construction works will not Controlled operations Moderat e exceed to higher intensity, simultaneous Local Community Adverse Medium will cause no effect to Slight Effe ct Low Effect activities with low and high intensity will be preferred such as heavy machinery movem ent local communities will be done for one activity at a time

KE administration and contractors will Mode rate develop and follow a traffic management plan Traffic will be Traffic Adverse Medium Slight Effe ct Low Effect mechan ized internally for construction managed properly vehicles

Ensure no transgress by any of the KE or Slight contractors’ workers will be done; Livelihood Adverse Low No impact on livelihood Slight E ffect Negligible Effect Accessing the settlement areas of neighbouring areas will not be allowed

People from neighbouring areas will be Positi ve considered for unskilled employment Economic development Local Economy Ben eficial + Positive E ffect +++ Effect Suppliers and Vendors of neighbouring areas of locals will be given priority As per the Antiquities Act, if any finding Slight occurs of archeological significance it will be Protection of archeology Archeology and Herita ge Adverse Low Slight E ffect Negligible Effect reported to Department of Archeology and and heritage Heritage

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary xiii Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Summary of the Operation Phase Environmental Impact and Mitigations

Impact Residual Environmental Aspect Nature Severity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Severity Rating Impact Rating

Impact on To pography Slight Minimum Low - - - Low and Landscape Effect

Ensure Fuel to Air Ratios are maintained; Minor Emissions will be Impact on Air Quality Adverse Low Ensure power plant maintenance. Slight E ffect Negligible Effect under SEQS Ensure Fuel quality is excellent for utilization even after fuel treatment

KE Employees accessing the area will always wear PPE’s like ear protection muffs or ear plugs;

The units will be designed such that the sound pre ssure level at 1 m from the Nuisance or health Impact on Ambient Moderat e source is at ! 80 dB(A); and the plant Adverse Medium effects caused by high Slight E ffect Negligible Noise Effect will be designed such that the noise noise will be reduced level at the plant boundary is !70 dB(A);

PVC lined walls will be developed for engine and generator rooms to reduce noise.

The development of green areas in KPC - II will provide artificial nesting habitats Green areas will to birds such House sparrow (Passer Slight sustain ecology and Terrestrial Ecology Minimum Low domesticus) and Stre ptopelia spp. that Positive Effect +++ Effect improve aesthetic are known to build their nest on environment artificial habitats such communication towers, buildings and houses

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary xiv Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Impact Residual Environmental Aspect Nature Severity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Severity Rating Impact Rating

Retain effluent prior to final discharge Effluent quality will be for treatment unless the quality under SEQS and Minor remains within SEQS; green areas can be Marine Environment Adverse Medium Positiv e E ffect +++ Effect The treated water can be reutilized for maintained on water conservation green areas strategies

Possibility of recruitment of local workers having pertinent education skills will be explored; Indigenous people will Slight Local businesses such as fabricators, benefit in form of Local Economy Minimum Low Positive Effect +++ Effect maintenance service providers, food employment and suppliers, transporters, etc., a re likely business activities to have business opportunities associated with the operation of the plant

Noise, Water and Air pollut ion will be controlled to ensure least disturbance to local communities; Local communities Moderat e Mechanism will be developed for local Local Community Adverse Medium will be in harmony Positive Effect +++ Effect community engagement for complaints with KCP management and suggestions;

Local communities will be primarily engaged for any social activity by KE

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary xv Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Environmental Monitoring during Construction Phase

Frequency of Responsibility Environmental S. N Scope of Monitoring Method Monitoring / Aspect Auditing

1 Air Quality Parameters as per SEQS or SEPA Onsite project Ambient Air Analyzer Monthly requirement manager/ Contractor

Emissions of CO, NO , and SO from Portable exhaust / Onsite project X 2 Monthly sources such as standby generators stack gas analyzer manager/ Contractor

2 Noise Levels

Noise levels at various locations in and Using sound pressure Onsite project Monthly around the project site level meter manager/ Contractor

3 Water Water borne diseases Check water drainage Water scarcity system Inspect operation of Onsite Project Water Treatment Plant Monthly Manager Ensure Spills prevention plan is available

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary xvi Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Frequency of Responsibility Environmental S. N Scope of Monitoring Method Monitoring / Aspect Auditing

4 Hazardous & Non - Health hazards Solid waste hazardous Solid management plan Property loss Waste Designated area for Unaesthetic conditions solid waste storage Safe disposal and segregation

Hazardous waste will Onsite project Monthly not be mixed with non - manager / contractor hazardous Transfer of hazardous solid waste will be done by SEPA approved contractors Record of solid waste generated

5 Terr estrial Ecology Vacant areas will be developed as On-site inspection Quarterly Onsite project green areas Manager

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary xvii Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase

Environmental Frequency of Responsibility S.N Scope of Monitoring / Auditing Method Aspects Monitoring

1 Air Quality Emission monitoring for NO x, SO 2, CO, Portable Gas Monthly KE CO 2 and VOC at by-pass and main Analyzers stacks

Monitoring of critical pollutants such as Ambient Air Monthly KE NO x, SO 2, PM, O 3, and hydrocarbons at Analyzers appropriate locations in and around the plant

2 Noise Levels Occupational and ambient noise levels Noise meter Monthly KE

Noise exposure survey for plant personnel Noise meter Quarterly KE

3 Marine outfall Parameters as per SEQS or SEPA Laboratory analys is Monthly KE water requirement

4 Sanitary Flow volume Online flow meter Continuous KE wastewater

5 Process Flow volume Online flow meter Continuous KE wastewater

6 Treated water Parameters as per SEQS or SEPA Laboratory analysis Monthly KE requirement

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary xviii Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi, Sindh

Environmental Frequency of Responsibility S.N Scope of Monitoring / Auditing Method Aspects Monitoring

7 Solid Wastes Quantity of each category of waste Weight or volume Continuous, KE disposed from site measurement monthly inventory to be maintained

8 Hazardous wastes Quantity of each category of waste stored Weight or volume Continuous, KE at site measurement monthly inventory to be maintained

9 Resources such as Quantities of consumption Using flow meters, Continuous, KE gas, fuel, power, energy meters, etc. monthly inventory water, etc. to be maintained

GEMSEIA1090716KE Executive Summary xix    

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Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

CHAPTER

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

7 AND MITIGATIONS

7.1 OVERVIEW

This section describes the identification and assessment of potential environmental impacts from various components of proposed project development and their feasible mitigations. The assessment covers the construction and operational phases of the project. The project decommissioning (at the end of the proposed project lifecycle) are not discussed separately as specific information is not adequate at present.

In addition to the impacts identified, this section includes the residual impacts from the projects taking into account various mitigation measures incorporated (through design, procurement, construction, operation, maintenance and monitoring) during the construction and operation phases of the proposed project and the cumulative environmental impacts from the proposed project.

7.2 METHODOLOGY

The identification and assessment of environmental impacts is based on the local and international guidelines mentioned in the Chapter 03 and includes the following steps:

Identification of major activities during the construction and operational phases of the proposed project;

Identification of potential environmental aspects from the project activities;

Identification of potential impacts from the project considering the environmental aspects identified and various environmental elements/ sensitivities (receptors) which are likely to be impacted due to the proposed project;

Assessment of environmental impacts considering the severity of impact and likelihood of its occurrence.

Each major activity of the project during the construction and operation are identified. The associated environmental aspects are identified based on the proposed project description (Chapter 02). The resulting impacts are identified by combining the above information with the environmental baseline (Chapter 04). Wherever interactions exist between the identified aspects and sensitivities, they are further analyzed to determine potential impacts from the project. Impacts may

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-1 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

be classified as beneficial/adverse, direct/indirect, reversible/ irreversible and short term /long term. It may be noted that more than one activity may contribute to an impact.

The assessment of potential impacts is carried out utilizing both qualitative and quantitative assessment techniques. In qualitative assessment, impacts are rated as ‘low’, ‘medium’ or ‘high’.

For impacts arising from planned aspects, rating is based on two parameters, i.e., severity of impact and duration of its occurrence. Severity of any impact will depend on the nature and duration of the activity/aspect and the environmental/ social sensitivity. An Impact Assessment Matrix (IAM), presented in Exhibit 7.1 , is used for combining the two assessment criteria.

Exhibit 7.1: Impact Assessment Matrix for Planned Aspects

Duration Momentar y Short Term Medium Term Long Term 10 Long Term Severity < 1 Week < 1 Year 1 – 10 Years – 50 Years > 50 Year s

Positive Effect + ++ +++

Slight Effect Negligible

Minor Effect LOW

Moderate Ef fect MEDIUM

Major Effect HIGH

Massive Effect

For impacts resulting from unplanned and accidental aspects and activities, assessment is based on consideration of the impact severity and the likelihood of its occurrence. While the impact severity depends on the nature and duration of the activity and the environmental and social sensitivity, the likelihood depends upon the nature of the activity/aspect and the control measures in place. An IAM, is presented in Exhibit 7.2 , is used for combining the two assessment criteria, i.e., the severity of impact and the likelihood of its occurrence.

Exhibit 7.2: Impact Assessment Matrix for Unplanned Aspects

Likelihood Severity Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely Very Likely Certain

Slight Effect

Minor Effect LOW

Moderate Effect MEDIUM

Major Effect HIGH

Massive Effect

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-2 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

In reviewing the impact assessment, it is to be noted that the project activities, related environmental aspects and associated impacts are presented together to facilitate subsequent rating. The ratings are primarily based on qualitative assessment of the situation and its interaction with the environmental elements.

The impacts, which are rated as low, are considered to be acceptable. Further control measures are not required to mitigate these impacts. For impacts, which are rated as medium / high, control measures and an Environmental Management System (EMS) is to be implemented to mitigate the impacts. Definition of terms used in the IAM are described in Exhibit 7.3 and 7.4 .

Exhibit 7.3: IAM terms for Severity of Consequences

Severity Definition

Massive Effect • Persistent severe environmental damage or severe nuisance extending over a large area; • Constant, high exceedance of statutory or prescribed limits (representing a threat to human health in both the long and short term); and • In terms of commercial or recreational use or nature conservancy , a major economic loss for the company.

Potential Consequence

• Causing widespread nuisance both on and off site; • Significant, widespread and permanent loss of resource; and • Major contribution to a known global environmental problem with demonstrable effects.

Major Effect • Severe environmental damage; • Extended surpassing of statutory or prescribed limits; and • The company is required to take extensive measures to restore the contaminated environment to its original state.

Potential Consequence

• Highly noticeable effects on the environment, difficult to reverse. • Widespread degradation of resources restricting potential for further usage; • Significant contribution to a known global environmental problem when compared with oil and gas industry world-wide; • Statutory or prescribed guidelines approaching occupational exposure limits; and • Periodic widespread nuisance both on and off site.

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Severity Definition

Moderate Effect • Release of quantifiable discharges of known toxicity; • Repeated exceedance of statutory or prescribed limit; and • Causing localized nuisance both on and off site.

Potential Consequence

• Noticeable effects on the environment, reversible over the long term; • Localized degradation of resources restricting potential for usage; and • Elevated contribution to global air pollution problem partly due to preventable releases.

Minor Effect • Contamination; • Damage sufficiently large to attack the environment; • No permanent effects to the environment; • Single exceedance of statutory or prescribed criterion; and • Single complaint.

Potential Consequence

• Noticeable effects on the environment, but returning to original condition in the medium term without specific mitigation measures; • Slight local degradation of resources, but not jeopardizing further usage; • Small contribution to global air problem through unavoidable releases; • Elevation in ambient pollutant levels greater than 50 % of statutory or prescribed guidelines; and • Infrequent localized nuisance.

Slight Effect • Local environmental damage; • Within the fence and within systems; and • Negligible financial consequences.

Potential Consequence

• No noticeable or limited local effect upon the environment, rapidly returning to original state by natural action; • Unlikely to effect resources to noticeable degree; • No significant contribution to global air pollution problem;

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-4 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Severity Definition

• Minor elevation in ambient pollutant levels, but well below statutory or prescribed guidelines; and • No reported nuisance effects. Severity • Activity has a net-positive and beneficial affect resulting in sustainable environmental improvement (such as ecosystem health); • Increase in magnitude or quality of habitat for those species known to naturally occur in the area; • Growth in ‘naturally occurring’ populations of flora and fa una; • Positive feedback from stakeholders; and • Potential financial gains.

Exhibit 7.4: IAM terms for Likelihood of Occurrence

Likelihood Definition

Certain Will occur under normal operating conditions.

Very Likely Very likely to occur under normal operational conditions.

Likely Likely to occur at some time under normal operating conditions.

Unlikely, but may occur at some time under normal operating Unlikely conditions.

Very unlikely to occur under normal operating conditions Very Unlikely but may occur in exceptional circumstances.

Low impacts are considered to be acceptable or within regulatory limits. Further control measures are not required to mitigate these impacts.

Medium impacts are those requiring control measures, an environmental and social management system to be implemented so as to mitigate the impacts to below acceptable levels.

High Impacts are those that require additional studies (such as detailed surveys, predictive modelling, etc.) to further assess such impacts and to determine if alternative activities with lower impacts or alternative locations with lower environmental/social sensitivities need to be considered.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-5 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

7.3 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

7.3.1 General

Impact sources and the potential impacts on the environment during the construction phase are identified and are evaluated for their significance as well as their mitigation measures. The net impact on each environmental element due to the various sources / aspects is discussed in the following sections.

7.3.2 Natural Resources

The aspects that may have potential impacts on natural resources are consumption of construction materials such as wood, metal, cement, rocks, aggregates, etc. Further, fuel will be consumed for operation of construction equipment and vehicles. Water will be used for construction as well as for domestic requirements. Installation of labour camps is not envisaged as the workforce will be housed in the existing accommodation facilities; thus reducing consumption of natural resources.

The supply of construction materials and fuel can be met through authorized suppliers available locally or within the region. The water required for the construction phase will be sourced from authorized tanker suppliers. Appropriate storage and handling facilities will be established for water and fuel in order to minimize losses due to leaks and spillages. Further, the consumption of resources will be optimized, minimizing wastage. The food and other materials required for the labour camps will be sourced from local suppliers. The usage/ consumption of such materials will be optimized and wastage minimized. Based on the above, the impacts to natural resources are rated as below.

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Impact on Natural Minor Effect Medium Term - Low Resources

Mitigations

· Ensure that only licensed authorized contractors will be hired for supplying the construction materials;

· Unauthorized third party contractors will be discouraged to participate.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Limited natural resource use will be managed Slight Effect Low

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-6 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

7.3.3 Topography and Landscape

The activities that can have impacts on the topography and landscape include the leveling and grading of the site, excavation for foundations, etc. Further, the grading and leveling of the site are likely to result in filling of the surface drainage channels within the site, which in turn may result in flooding during rain events.

Though some of the areas within the site are undulating, the site is generally flat and therefore, will not require significant cutting and filling thereby minimizing the changes to topography and landscape of the site. Based on the above discussions, the impacts on topography and landscape are rated as below.

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Topography and Lan dscape Slight Effect Medium Term - Low

Mitigations

· The leveling activities will be restricted to the designated plot boundaries.

· Further, the cutting and leveling activities within the site will be controlled as required for the installation of plant and equipment, which will further minimize the landscape changes.

· Drainage channels will be provided around the site in order to route the flow channels to areas downstream of the site, in order to avoid flooding.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Topography will not be disturbed and will be Slight Effect Negligible limited within the existing land-use

7.3.4 Ambient Air Quality

Major sources of potential impacts on ambient air quality during construction phase of the proposed project are presented below: Generation of dust due to site preparation, earthwork, excavation, and movement of vehicles;

Release of SO 2, NO X, VOC and PM 10 from diesel engines of construction machineries and vehicles, and standby generators used for power generation; Release of welding fumes and VOC from welding / metal fabrication works, surface cleaning and painting; Fugitive emissions from storage of fuels, lube oils and other chemicals releasing VOC.

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The fumes generated during welding and metal cutting activities and hazardous air pollutants released during spray-painting can cause health hazard to workers. The dust emissions from earthwork and vehicle movements could be significant onsite.

Though it is difficult at this stage to quantify the impacts on air quality, it is reasonable to consider that impacts will be limited to the nearby environment and within the duration of construction phase. Accordingly, the impacts on ambient air quality are rated as follows:

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Ambient Air Qu ality Moderate Effect Medium Term - Medium

Mitigations · Use of standard construction equipment and vehicles;

· Scheduled maintenance of equipment and vehicles including engine tuning, filter cleaning, etc.;

· Similarly, the back-up generators will also be of standard design and periodic maintenance will be undertaken for such units as well;

· Providing standard exhaust pipes;

· Water spraying will be done to reduce dust emissions;

· Enclosed painting booths and dedicated fabrication areas in favor of wind direction so the fumes may divert away from the site;

· The vehicle speeds on graded roads will be limited in order to minimize dust emissions.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Dust emissions will occur but will remain within the working zone. Fumes from painting Slight Effect Low and fabrication works will be controlled to minimized levels.

7.3.5 Ambient Noise

The heavy equipment used for the construction work, fabrication activities, earthwork such as grading and excavation, and the vehicles used for transportation of men and materials to site will have an adverse impact on the noise levels in the workplace as well as ambient. Due to the nature and complexity of industrial construction activities and in the absence of specific information on the type, number, location and duration of operation of major noise sources at the construction site (this will be planned by the contractor), it is difficult to quantify impacts on noise levels during construction. It is likely that at certain locations close to the noise sources within the work site, the noise levels will be kept minimum requiring the personnel on-site to wear ear protection devices.

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With regard to the ambient noise levels, since noise is attenuated by distance, the activities on-site are unlikely to affect the ambient noise levels significantly. However, during night times when the ambient noise levels are low, the level of perception to noise may be more acute. Noise from transport vehicles will be only transient for a given location and can be considered as a nuisance during night time through the route which it passes. Accordingly, the impacts on noise levels are rated as below.

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Ambient Noise Moderate Effect Medium Term - Medium

Mitigations · Noise levels as per SEQS i.e. 80 dB (A) during day-time and 75dB (A) during night- time will be maintained at the fence lines of the construction site;

· Workers on site will be provided with adequate ‘personal protective equipment’ (PPE) so as to alleviate noise levels;

· Construction equipment/machineries will be provided with suitable noise dampening devices such as mufflers, silencers, etc., as feasible, to minimize noise at source;

· Also, the construction activities will be scheduled / planned in such a way as to prevent high noise activities during night times and simultaneous operation of multiple high noise equipment will be avoided to the extent feasible.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Construction activities will continue with Slight Effect Low reduced noise

7.3.6 Terrestrial Ecology

The existing ecology and natural habitats at the proposed site is described in Chapter 04. Any vegetation within the site is likely to be cleared. It can be noted from the findings of the ecological survey that there are no species within or around the site that are classified as rare, threatened, endangered or of significant conservation value. The impacts on ecology will be largely due to site clearing and leveling activities. Further, disturbance to ecology in the area will also result from increase in noise during construction activities and vehicle movements.

Avifauna in the area are very common and are highly adaptable or can easily re- colonized vacant habitats whenever necessary.

In general, the KPC-II project is foreseen to have a very minimal or insignificant impact to the flora and fauna in the area. The development will cause a very minimal mortality to plant life and to some extent loss of foraging area for avifauna. In addition, the fauna, which is largely composed of birds, at the site are mostly

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-9 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

omnivores (generalist feeders) that can easily shift from one diet to another. This ecological trait will permit them to move from other vegetated areas especially the tree communities surrounding project site. Accordingly the impacts on terrestrial ecology are rated below.

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Terrestrial Ecology Slight Effect Long Term - Low

Mitigations · Green areas will be developed in vacant portions of proposed project areas;

· Plant trees that are indigenous and will mature in short time and support local avifauna.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

The area will sustain ecology Positive Effect +++

7.3.7 Soil and Groundwater

The activities that can have potential impacts on soil and groundwater during construction are as follows:

Collection, handling, storage and disposal of wastewaters and contaminated run-offs;

Collection, handling, storage and disposal of non-hazardous and hazardous wastes.

Collection, handling, storage and disposal or accidental releases of wastewaters, non- hazardous and hazardous wastes may lead to contamination of soil and/or groundwater if proper facilities and methods for handling are not established. Accordingly, the impacts on soil and groundwater are rated as below.

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Impacts on soil and Moderat e Medium groundwater from normal was te - Medium Effect Term management

Impact on soil and groundwate r Moderat e - Likely Medium due to accidental releases Effect

Mitigations · EPC Contractor will establish internal procedures for safe material handling;

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· EPC Contractor with KE administration will develop Hazardous Material Handling procedures during the designing phase;

· A spill prevention response team will be available throughout the construction phase;

· All waste material, solid and liquid, will not be stored at any open area and will be contained in impermeable containers. The containers will be constantly checked for their durability.

· Storage of waste material will not be allowed for more than one (01) week.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Contamination chances will be minimized Slight Effect Low

7.3.8 Marine Environment

Construction of connecting channel from the proposed project site to the existing common outfall channel may temporarily affect the marine environment. The possible release of any contaminants and short-term increases in the level of suspended sediments can give rise to changes in water quality, which would potentially affect the quality of discharge water in the common outfall. The construction activity will be carried only for a short period and it is unlikely that any accidental spillage occur during the construction. Considering these points, the impact on marine environment is rated below:

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Impact on Marine Slight Effect Short Term Unlikely Low Environment

Mitigations · Existing drainage has bearing capacity of more effluent and will sustain rise in effluent discharge caused during construction activities;

· Construction activities will be performed with complete standard procedures and minimal discharge will be produced.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

No major load increase in outfall discharge Slight Effect Low

7.3.9 Impact on Land use and Settlements

As mentioned earlier, the proposed project site is an open / vacant land. Since the proposed project site is located within the KPC area, it is envisaged that there will be insignificant or no land use conflict with local communities

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either during construction or operation phase. However, the communities will be impacted by movement of heavy machinery and traffic during the construction phase.

Further impacts to local communities during the construction phase are likely from health and safety risk from waste management activities, transportation / movement of heavy equipment and vehicles, earthwork such as excavation, dust and gaseous emissions, noise and influx of large number construction workers to the area. Further, nuisance from increased activities and traffic, stress on road traffic, groundwater use, etc., are likely to have impacts on local communities. Based on the above the impact rating is presented below.

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Impact on Land Use Slight Effect Long Term - Low

Impact on settlement from Medium Moderate Effe ct - Medium construction associated activit ies Term

Impact on settlements from accidental releases / abnormal Moderate Effe ct - Very Li kely Low operation

Traffic congestion / accidents Moderate Effe ct - Likely Medium

Mitigations · Existing KPC land will be utilized, no conflict will rise with the community;

· EPC contractor will ensure the cumulative magnitude of construction works will not exceed to higher intensity, simultaneous activities with low and high intensity will be preferred such as heavy machinery movement will be done for one activity at a time;

· Generators and heavy machineries will be tuned and maintained before being used on working zone to avoid any upset condition such as excessive emission or breakdown of machinery;

· KE administration and contractors will develop and follow a traffic management plan mechanized internally for construction vehicles.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Rating

No significant change in land use Slight Effect Negligible

Magnitude of construction activities will be Slight Effect Low controlled

Controlled operations will cause no effect to Slight Effect Low local communities

Traffic will be managed properly Slight Effect Low

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-12 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

7.3.10 Impact on Livelihood

As mentioned above, the proposed project site is located within KPC. Since the proposed project will use the existing facilities such as intake and outfall, hence no further conflict or loss of sea access for the local fishermen due to this project is envisaged, and accordingly the impact rating is presented below.

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Impact on Livelihoo d Slight Effect - Unlikely Low

Mitigations · Ensure no transgress by any of the KE or contractors’ workers will be done;

· Accessing the settlement areas of neighbouring areas will not be allowed.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

No impact on livelihood Slight Effect Negligible

7.3.11 Impact on Local Economy

The construction activities will require significant number of local skilled and unskilled workers. However, positive impact on the local livelihood during the construction phase through creating new job opportunity is envisaged.

In addition, local suppliers will also be benefited as they will be contracted for the supply of water, foodstuff etc. Considering the above, beneficial impacts are envisaged from the proposed project on the local employment and economy. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed project will set positive impact on local livelihood option .

Impact Severity Duration Likelihood Impact Rating

Impact on Local Econom y Positive Effect Medium Term - +

Mitigations · People from neighbouring areas will be considered for unskilled employment;

· Suppliers and Vendors of neighbouring areas will be given priority.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Economic development of locals Positive Effect +++

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-13 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

7.3.12 Archaeology and Heritage

There are no sites of archaeological or cultural interest within the proposed project site and laydown area and hence there will be no such impacts.

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Impact on Archaeology Slight Effect - Likely Low and Heritage

Mitigations

· As per the Antiquities Act, if any finding occurs of archeological significance it will be reported to Department of Archeology and Heritage.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Protection of archeology and heritage Slight Effect Negligible

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-14 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

7.3.13 Impact Summary

A summary of the impact rating for the construction phase is presented in Exhibit 7.5.

Exhibit 7.5: Summary of the Construction Phase Environmental Impact and Mitigations

Impact Residual Environmental Aspect Nature Severity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Severity Rating Impact Rating

Ensure that only licensed authorized contractors will be hired for supplying the Minor Exploitation of natural Natural Resources Adverse Low construction materials; Slight E ffect Low Effect resources will not occur Unauthorized third party contractors will be discouraged to participate

The cutting and leveling activities will be restricted to the designated plot boundaries. Topography will not be Topography and Slight disturbed and will be Adverse Low Drainage channels will be provided around Slight E ffect Negligible Landscape Effect the site in order to route the flow channels to limited within the areas downstream of the site, in order to existing land-use avoid flooding

Use of standard construction equipment and vehicles;

Scheduled maintenance of back- up generators, equipment and vehicles including Dust emissions will engine tuning, filter cleaning, etc.; occur but will remain within the working zone. Moderat e Water spraying will be done to reduce dust Ambient Air Quality Adverse Medium Fumes from painting Slight E ffect Low Effect emissions; and fabrication works Enclosed painting booths and dedicated will be controlled to fabrication areas in favor of wind direction so minimized levels. the fumes may divert away from the site;

The vehicle speeds on graded roads will be limited in order to minimize dust emissions

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-15 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Impact Residual Environmental Aspect Nature Severity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Severity Rating Impact Rating

Noise levels as per SEQS i.e. 80 dB (A) during day-time and 75dB (A) during night-time;

Workers on site will be provided with adequate ‘personal protective equipment’ (PPE);

Construction equipment/machineries will be Constructi on activities Moderat e Ambient Noise Adverse Medium provided with suitable noise dampening will continue with Slight E ffect Low Effect devices; reduced noise Construction activities will be scheduled / planned in such a way as to prevent high noise activities d uring night times and simultaneous operation of multiple high noise equipment will be avoided to the extent feasible

Green areas will be developed in vacant portions of proposed project areas; Slight The area will sustain Terrestrial Ecology Adverse Low Positive Effect +++ Effect Plant trees that are indigenous and will ecology mature in short time and support local avifauna

EPC Contractor will establish internal procedures for safe material handling;

EPC Contractor with KE administration will develop Hazardous Material Handling Moderat e procedures during the designing phase; Contamination chances Soil and Groundwater Adverse Medium Slight E ffect Low Effect A spill prevention response team will be will be minimized available throughout the construction phase;

Storage of waste material on- site will not be allowed to be stored on any open area and not more than one (01) week

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-16 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Impact Residual Environmental Aspect Nature Severity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Severity Rating Impact Rating

Existing drainage has bearing capacity of more effluent and will sustain rise in effluent discharge caused during construction Slight No major l oad increase Marine Environment Adverse Low activities; Slight E ffect Low Effect in outfall discharge

Construction activities will be performed with complete standard procedures and minimal discharge will be produced

Slight No significant change Land use Adverse Low Existing KPC land will be utilized Slight E ffect Negligible Effect in land use

EPC contractor will ensure the cumulative magnitude of construction works will not Controlled operations Moderat e exceed to higher intensity, simultaneous Local Community Adverse Medium will cause no effect to Slight Effe ct Low Effect activities with low and high intensity will be preferred such as heavy machinery movement local communities will be done for one activity at a time

KE administration and contractors will Mode rate develop and follow a traffic management plan Traffic will be Traffic Adverse Medium Slight Effe ct Low Effect mechanized internally for construction managed properly vehicles

Ensure no transgress by any of the KE or Slight contractors’ workers will be done; Livelihood Adverse Low No impact on livelihood Slight E ffect Negligible Effect Accessing the settlement areas of neighbouring areas will not be allowed

People from neighbouring areas will be Positi ve considered for unskilled employment Economic development Local Economy Ben eficial + Positive E ffect +++ Effect Suppliers and Vendors of neighbouring areas of locals will be given priority

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-17 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Impact Residual Environmental Aspect Nature Severity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Severity Rating Impact Rating

As per the Antiquities Act, if any finding Slight occurs of archeological significance it will be Protection of archeology Archeology and Herita ge Adverse Low Slight E ffect Negligible Effect reported to Department of Archeology and and heritage Heritage

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-18 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

7.4 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE

7.4.1 General

The following sections discuss the assessment of the impacts. Similar to the construction phase, the net impact on each environmental element due to various sources / aspects is discussed.

7.4.2 Climate Change Resilience

7.4.2.1 Climate Change Impacts

Pakistan has experienced climate change in recent years. Especially changes in patterns of rainfall and temperature. Karachi is a coastal city and is among one of the largest metropolitan cities. The climate changes in Pakistan can impact the rainfalls, floods, droughts, temperature rise, and heat waves.

Rainfall

As discussed in Chapter 04, rainfall usually occurs during the monsoon period especially in the months of July and August. Recently, it has been observed that the rainfall patterns have shifted to lower frequency and relatively there are lesser rains in the city. Therefore, it is not considered to be a major problem or cause any impact on the proposed project.

Floods

Since Karachi is a large city and it has often experienced urban flooding mostly in monsoon season due to mismanagement of drainage systems. The flooding is limited to few days and does not cause any infrastructure damage. The proposed project is located at the periphery of the creek system and drainage systems are already available.

Temperature Rise

As an unpleasant influence of global warming, the annual mean surface temperatures in Pakistan have been gradually increasing through the past century. In central Pakistan, a 3-5% reduction in cloud cover with increasing hours of sunshine has also been responsible for increasing the temperatures.

Mean temperature rise has also lead to heat waves among which Karachi experienced a major heat wave in June 2015. Heat waves are usually a threat to human health rather than infrastructures. K-Electric management has strict policies for Health and Safety of workers and all issues related to human health are addressed in it. Furthermore, KE has in-house clinic which is capable of dealing medical emergency cases.

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Tide Trends

As discussed in Chapter 04, the tides along Karachi Coast are semi-diurnal. The daily tidal cycles are two High Waters and two Low Waters. The tide trend can be seen in Exhibit 7.6. The maximum tide level is recorded at 3.15 m while the lowest tide level is -0.38 m. It is safe to presume that the KCP-II project will not be impacted by sea tide levels.

Exhibit 7.6: Tide trend of Karachi

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

High Tide (m) 3.02 3.11 3.11 3.10 3.15 3.11 3.04 3.01 3.01 3.06 3.11 3.11

Low Tide (m) 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.05 -0.22 -0.38 -0.38

Notes

1. Sea Area Coverage: 15-25 N, 60-70 E 2. Period of data: Jan to Dec 2016 3. Source: http://tides.mobilegeographics.com/calendar/year/2990.html

7.4.2.2 Climate Change Adaptation

The proposed project area is located in Karachi and effects of climate change are reported to be both temporary and minimal. Furthermore, the proposed project is designed according to standard engineering procedures. The proposed project has complete EHS guidelines and policies which are to be followed by KE employees as well as the visitors. The proposed project along with its existing setup is resilient to climate change impacts throughout its lifetime.

7.4.3 Topography and Landscape

No change in topography or landscape will occur during operation phase. Accordingly, the impacts on topography and landscape are rated as below:

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Impact on Topography Slight E ffect Long Term - Negligible and Landscape

7.4.4 Air Quality

Quantitative techniques are used to assess the impacts of air emissions during the operation phase, for which computer simulation models are used. AERMOD software is used for conducting air dispersion modeling. This modeling addresses emissions from stationary point sources. The emissions from storage tanks, which are fugitive in nature, were calculated separately and were found to be insignificant.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-20 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Fugitive emissions from pipelines and fittings are insignificant compared to point source emissions. The Air Dispersion modeling is attached as Annexure-VI .

It is to be noted that maximum air dispersion will occur when the proposed power plant will run on complete load. However, on mean calculations of pollutant emissions, they were all found to be quite below SEQS.

Impact on air quality is rated below:

Impact Severity Durati on Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Impact on Air Quality Minor Short Certain Low Effect Term

Mitigations · Ensure Fuel to Air Ratios are maintained;

· Ensure power plant maintenance;

· Ensure Fuel quality is excellent for utilization even after fuel treatment.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Emissions will be under SEQS and will not Slight Effect Negligible cause much nuisance

7.4.5 Noise

The KPC-II project will include a number of noise sources, which will have potential adverse impacts on the workplace and ambient noise levels. Most of the sources are continuous which include the engines / generators, steam turbines and pumps.

Although, the severity of residual impact on ambient noise will be moderate, the continuous generation of high level noise will result in Medium impact rating.

Impact Severity Durati on Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Impact on Ambient Noi se Moderate Effe ct Long Term - Medium

Mitigations · KE Employees accessing the area will always wear PPE’s like ear protection muffs or ear plugs; · The units will be designed such that the sound pressure level at 1 m from the source is at ! 80 dB(A); and the plant will be designed such that the noise level at the plant boundary is ! 70 dB(A);

· PVC lined walls will be developed for engine and generator rooms to reduce noise.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-21 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Nuisance or health effects caused by high noise Slight Effect Negligible will be reduced

7.4.6 Terrestrial Ecology

The vegetation present at the proposed site will be completely removed during the construction phase. No species within or around the site that are classified as rare, threatened, endangered or of significant conservation value. Hence the impacts on flora and fauna during the operation phase will be negligible.

Impact Severity Durati on Likelih ood Impact Ratin g

Impact on Terrestrial Slight Effect Long Term - Low Ecology

Mitigations

· The development of green areas in KPC-II will provide artificial nesting habitats to birds such as House sparrow ( Passer domesticus ) and Streptopelia sp. that are known to build their nest on artificial habitats such communication towers, buildings and houses.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Green areas will sustain ecology and improve Positive Effect +++ aesthetic environment

7.4.7 Soil and Groundwater

As explained earlier, the water requirement during operation phase of the proposed project will be sourced from seawater and processed in the water treatment plant to meet the various plant requirements and hence, there will be no impacts due to abstraction of groundwater.

All effluents and sanitary wastewater streams will be segregated and routed to the Waste Treatment Plant for treatment and/or disposal. Wastewater will not be discharged onto land prior to treatment. Hence, groundwater contamination due to infiltration of waste effluent streams will not occur.

The activities that can have potential impacts on soil and groundwater during the operation phase of the project are as below:

Collection, handling, storage and disposal of wastewaters /aqueous effluents generated from the waste treatment processes, and contaminated run-offs;

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-22 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Collection, handling, storage and disposal of non-hazardous and hazardous wastes generated from the waste treatment and other activities at the facility;

Storage and handling of hazardous substances such as fuel, lube oil, chemicals etc.; and

Storage and handling of hazardous wastes received at the facility.

Collection, handling, storage, transportation and disposal or accidental releases of wastewaters, non-hazardous and hazardous wastes can lead to contamination of soil and/or groundwater, if proper facilities and methods for handling are not established.

However it is expected that spill management systems and provisions of secondary containment will be provided thus minimizing the probability of spills and leaks onto open land. Accordingly, the impacts on soil and groundwater are rated as below.

Impact Severity Durati on Likelih ood Impact Rating

Impacts on soil and groundwater Moderat e Long Term - Medium from normal waste disposal Effect

Impacts on soil and groundwater Moderat e - Likely Medium due to accidental releases Effect

7.4.8 Marine Environment

Approximately 18,000 m 3/h of effluent will be discharged into the marine environment through the seawater discharge channel during the operation phase which may affect the marine resources in the vicinity of the outfall area as well as the seawater and sediment quality. It is to be noted that the area is already affected by the fishermen and polluted water inflows from surrounding areas. It is also to be observed that quality of all parameters will be maintained within the stipulated limits of SEQS, and hence, is not expected to adversely affect the marine environment.

Typically, the potential impact from the discharge of effluents is tempered by the following factors: the total volume of brine being released; the constituents of the discharge; and the amount of dilution prior to release. Further, it may be noted that the treated effluents will be combined with return cooling water prior to discharge, which will result in significant dilution of the effluents and in turn will reduce the concentration of various constituents. Furthermore, the combined effluents from the plant will be discharged to sea through existing common marine outfall, which will result in further dilution prior to discharging to the marine environment.

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Temperature difference in water will be caused due to heat exchange in plant. To assess the impact Thermal Plume modeling is conducted. CORMIX is used for assessing thermal plume variance. The thermal plume modeling showed complete mixing of plume at 77.75 m downstream. The mixing zone will completely neutralize the temperature difference. The Thermal Plume modeling is attached as Annexure-VII .

Impact Severity Durati on Likelih ood Impact Rating

Impact on Outfall Marine Minor Long Term Likely Medium Environment Effect

Mitigations · Retain effluent prior to final discharge for treatment unless the quality remains within SEQS;

· The treated water can be reutilized for green areas.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Effluent quality will be under SEQS and green areas can be maintained on water cons ervation Positive Effect +++ strategies

7.4.9 Impact on Local Economy

The overall manpower requirement during the operation phase of the proposed project is estimated to be about 100, working on a shift basis which is significantly low when compared to the construction phase.

Based on the above, the impacts are rated as below:

Impact Severity Duration Likelih ood Impact Rati ng

Employment for local people and opportunities for local business Slight Effect Long Term Likely Low during KPC-II operation

Mitigations · Possibility of recruitment of local workers having pertinent education skills will be explored; · Local businesses such as fabricators, maintenance service providers, food suppliers, transporters, etc., are likely to have business opportunities associated with the operation of the plant.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Indigenous people will benefit in form of Positive Effect +++ employment and business activities

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-24 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

7.4.10 Impact on Local Community

The impacts to local communities during the operation phase are related to health and safety risk from waste management activities, transportation of hazardous wastes and materials, gaseous emissions from engines / generators and HRSG units, noise and influx of operation staff to the area. Accordingly the impact is rated below:

Impact Severity Duration Likelihood Impact Rating

Impact on Local Community Moderate Effect Long Term - Medium

Mitigations · Noise, Water and Air pollution will be controlled to ensure least disturbance to local communities;

· Mechanism will be developed for local community engagement for complaints and suggestions;

· Local communities will be primarily engaged for any social activity by KE.

Residual Impact Severity Impact Ratin g

Local communities will be in harmony with Positive Effect +++ KCP management

7.4.11 Waste Generation and Disposal System

During scheduled and unscheduled maintenance work on the engines and auxiliary systems there can be considerable amounts of spare part and packaging waste. The large majority of the rejected engine spare part waste is metal and can be sold for recycling. Also maintenance on auxiliary systems gives rise to rejected spare part waste, which could consist of metal, electronic components, hazardous components (mainly batteries and filters) and other materials like rubber, plastic, glass fibre, graphite, porcelain, etc.

It should be kept in mind that the stated values are long term average ranges, within which typical values might fall. The true values are dependent on site conditions, quality of fuel and other fluids, habits of workers, maintenance work done, etc. The amount of hazardous waste is largely dependent on how hazardous products (e.g. lube oil and solvents) are delivered.

The estimated waste generation during operation phase is provided in Exhibit 7.7 .

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-25 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Exhibit 7.7: Anticipated Waste Generation during Operation

Onsite Waste Indicative Estimated Daily Waste Type Source Handling and Disposal Method Composition (of Generation Treatment pollutants)

Sludge

Contains oil and To be handed over to small amounts of e.g. third party, which is metals. The Sludge from oily Oily water treatment To be collected and ~4.6 m 3/day licensed by relevant concentrations are water treatment unit stored in tank. government agency to dependent on fuel treat hazardous waste. quality and operation of systems.

To be handed over to third party, which is Sludge from Biological water To be collected and Dry content matter ~0.05 m 3/day licensed by relevant stored in tank. 3.8 – 8.2% biological treatment treatment unit government agency to treat hazardous waste.

Waste in solid form

Domestic, paper, Offices, control Part of the waste might glass, landfilling Non-hazardous rooms, social be reusable, the rest To be collected and waste, metal scrap facilities, sanitary should be sent for 40-300 kg/day stored at assigned (excl. spare parts), facilities, spare part recycling or area. packaging material packaging material, incineration/disposal by (wood, cardboard, etc. qualified waste vendor. plastic, polystyrene).

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-26 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Onsite Waste Indicative Estimated Daily Waste Type Source Handling and Disposal Method Composition (of Generation Treatment pollutants)

Should be handled, Rags contaminated stored at assigned with hazardous To be handed over to area and handed products, third party which is Engine operation over, in a ccordance contaminated cans Hazardous 20-100 kg/day licensed by relevant with IFCs EHS and drums, used and offices government agency to general guidelines filters, lighting treat hazardous waste. section 1.6 Waste equipment, batteries, Management. etc.

Charge air system Filters (charge (hazardous only if To be collected and Sent for treatment by Depends on filter air and 6-15 kg/day contaminated with stored at assigned qualified waste vendor. type. oil) and process area. process ventilation) ventilation.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-27 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

7.4.12 Impact Summary

A summary of the impacts for the operation phase is presented in Exhibit 7.8.

Exhibit 7.8: Summary of the Operation Phase Environmental Impact and Mitigations

Impact Residual Environmental Aspect Nature Severity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Severity Rating Impact Rating

Impact on Topography Slight Minimum Low - - - Low and Landscape Effect

Ensure Fuel to Air Ratios are maintained;

Minor Ensure power plant maintenance. Emissions will be Impact on Air Quality Adverse Low Slight E ffect Negligible Effect under SEQS Ensure Fuel quality is excellent for utilization even after fuel treatment

KE Employees accessing the area will always wear PPE’s like ear protection muffs or ear plugs;

The units will be designed such that the Nuisance or health Moderat e sound pressure level at 1 m from the source Impact on Ambient Noi se Adverse Medium effects caused by high Slight E ffect Negligible Effect is at ! 80 dB(A); and the plant will be noise will be reduced designed such that the noise level at the plant boundary is !70 dB(A);

PVC lined walls will be developed for engine and generator rooms to reduce noise.

The development of green areas in KPC- II will provide artificial nesting habitats to birds Green areas will Slight such as House sparrow (Passer domesticus) sustain ecology and Terrestrial Ecology Minimum Low Positive E ffect +++ Effect and Streptopelia spp. that are known to build improve aesthetic their nest on artificial habitats such environment communication towers, buildings and houses

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-28 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Impact Residual Environmental Aspect Nature Severity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Severity Rating Impact Rating

Retain effluent prior to final discharge for Effluent quality will be treatment unless the quality remains within under SEQS and green Minor Marine Environment Adverse Medium SEQS; areas can be Positive E ffect +++ Effect The treated water can be reutilized for green maintained on water areas conservation strategies

Possibility of recruitment of local workers having pertinent education skills will be explored; Indigenous people will Slight benefit in form of Local Economy Minimum Low Local businesses such as fabricators, Positive E ffect +++ Effect maintenance service providers, food employment and suppliers, transporters, etc., are likely to business activities have business opportunities associated with the operation of the plant

Noise, Water and Air pollution will be controlled to ensure least disturbance to local communities; Local communities will Moderat e Mechanism will be developed for local Local Community Adverse Medium be in harmony with Positive E ffect +++ Effect community engagement for complaints and KCP management suggestions;

Local communities will be primarily engaged for any social activity by KE

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-29 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

7.4.13 IFC Performance Standards Compliance

After complete impact analysis, the proposed project is assessed according to IFC Performance Standards to evaluate compliance status. The IFC compliance chart is presented in Exhibit 7.9.

Exhibit 7.9: IFC Performance Standards Compliance Chart

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Performance Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts

Policy Construction Construction Client will establish an overarching policy defining the Internal HSEQ Policy & guidelines available environmental and social objectives and principles that guide Compliant- no action required the project to achieve sound environmental and social performance. (Paragraph 6) . Operations Operations Compliant- no action required Internal HSE guidelines available

Identification of Risks and Impacts Construction Construction Client will maintain a process for identifying the environmental Covered in EIA process social risks and impacts of the project. ( Paragraph 7) . Compliant- no action required

Sources likely to generate impacts will be identified in the context of the pr oject’s area of influence as in this performance Operations Operations standard (Paragraph 9) . Compliant- no action required Covered in EIA process

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-30 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Management programs Construction Construction Compliant- no action required Internal HSE Management system available Consistent with the Client ’s policy and the objectives and principles described therein, the client will establish management programs as in (Paragraph 13-16) . Operations Operations Compliant- no action required Same as above

Organizational Capacity and Competency Construction Construction KE Corporate HSEQ department with manpower Client, in collaboration with appropriate and relevant third Compliant- no action required and source is functional at corporate level. parties, will establish, maintain and strengthen as necessary an organizational structure that defines roles, responsibilities, and authority to implement the ESMS as defined in (Paragraph 17, Operations Operations 18 and 19) . Compliant- no action required Same as above

Emergency Preparedness and Response Construction Construction Internal Emergency Response Plan available Client in collaboration with the third parties, will follow Compliant- no action required emergency preparedness and response system that will be establish by ESMS (Paragraph 20 and 21) Operations Operations Health, Safety, Quality and Management manual Compliant- no action required available; Regular drills are conducted

Monitoring and Review Construction Construction Client will establish procedures to measure and monitor the Compliant- no action required Site Safety Committee meetings are conducted effectiveness of the management program as mentioned in Operations Paragraph 22 and 23 . Senior management in the client Operations organization will receive periodic performance reviews of the Audits and review is a regular feature; monthly effectiveness of the ESMS (Paragraph 24). Compliant- no action required Corporate Safety Committee meeting is held and chaired by the Chief HSEQ Officer

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-31 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Stakeholder Engagement Construction Construction Stakeholder engagement is an ongoing process that may Partially Compliant- action required involve, in varying degrees, the following elements: stakeholder Stakeholder engagement framework is available; analysis and planning, disclosure and dissemination of frequent coordination will be required information, consultation and participation, grievance Operations Operations mechanism, and ongoing reporting to Affected Communities (paragraph 25) . Partially Compliant- action required KE will develop stakeholder engagement framework Client will prepare a Stakeholder Engagement Framework as in Paragraph 28 .

Consultation

Construction Client will undertake a process of consultation in a manner that Construction provides the Affected Communities with opportunities to Consultation were conducted during EIA process express their views on project risks, impacts and mitigation Compliant- no action required measures, and allows the client to consider and respond to them (Paragraph 30) . Operations Operations Client will conduct an Informed Consultation and Participation CSR department will keep liaison with the (ICP) process as in Paragraph 31 . Compliant- no action required stakeholders Client will engage indigenous people in a process of ICP as mentioned in Paragraph 32 .

Grievance Mechanism for Affected Communities Construction Client will establish a grievance mechanism for Affected Grievance mechanism procedure is available as Communities as in Paragraph 35 . Compliant- no action required per NEPRA rules and is being followed at KE’s Integrated Business Centres (IBCs) established in various towns and areas of Karachi serving Operations customers as well as communities Compliant- no action required

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-32 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Performance Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions

Human Resources Policies and Procedures Construction Construction Client will adopt and implement human resources policies and Compliant- no action required Internal HR policies are available procedures as mentioned in Paragraph 8

Client documents and communicates to all employees and workers directly contracted by the client their working Operations Operations conditions and terms of employment, including their Compliant- no action required Same as above entitlement to wages and any benefits ( Paragraph 9 ).

Working Conditions and Terms of Employment Construction Construction Where the Client is a party to a collective bargaining agreement with a worker s’ organization, such agreement will be respected. Compliant- no action required Employees are working in harmony with KCP Where such agreements do not exist, or do not address working management conditions and terms of employment (such as wag es and benefits, hours of work, overtime arrangements and overtime compensation, and leave for illness, maternity, vacation or Operations Operations holiday) the client provides reasonable working conditions and terms of employment that, at a minimum, com ply with national Compliant- no action required Same as above law, ( Paragraph 8) .

Non-Discrimination and Equal Opportunity Construction Construction Client will follow non-discrimination and equal opportunity Compliant- no action required Internal HR policies are available as equal practices in line with Paragraph 11 of this Performance opportunity employer Standard.

Operations Operations Compliant- no action required Same as above

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-33 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Grievance Mechanism Construction

Client will provide a grievance mechanism for workers (and their Compliant- no action required Employee engagement and grievance handling organizations, where they exist) to raise reasonable workplace Operations department is functioning within KE’s HR concerns in alignment with Paragraph 20 of this Performance Standard. Compliant- no action required

Child Labor Construction Construction Client will not employ children in a manner that is economically Compliant- no action required It is mandatory that only persons with NIC will be exploitative, or is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the able to access the site child’s edu cation, or to be harmful to the child’s health or Operations physical, mental, spiritual, moral, or social development as Operations described in Paragraph 21 of this Performance Standard. Compliant- no action required It is mandatory that only persons with NIC will be able to access the site.

Forced Labor Construction Construction Compliant- no action required Employment is done on voluntary basis Client will not employ forced labor, which consists of any work or service not voluntarily performed that is exacted from an individual under threat of force or penalty as described in Operations Operations Paragraph 22 of this Performance Standard. Compliant- no action required Employment is done on voluntary basis

Occupational Health and Safety Construction Construction Internal HSEQ management system & Client will provide the workers with a safe and healthy work Compliant- no action required procedures are available environment, taking into account inherent risks in its particular sector and specific classes of hazards in the Client ’s work areas in alignment with Paragraph 23 of this Performance Standard. Operations Operations Compliant- no action required Same as above

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-34 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Performance Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention

Resource Efficiency Construction Partially Compliant- action required Resource conservation actions are being taken Client will implement technically and financially feasible and gradually and are now on-going stage; cost effective measures for improving efficiency in its Operations Documentation and benchmarking of resource consumption of energy, water, as well as other resources and consumption is being done at power plants. material inputs, with a focus on areas that are considered core Partially Compliant- action required business activities (Paragraph 6) .

Greenhouse gases Construction Client will consider alternatives and implement technically and The plant is designed on Natural Gas and financially feasible and cost effective options to reduce project Compliant- no action required partially on HFO, thereby less GHG emissions are related GHG emissions during the design and operation of the expected; KE has established GHG emission Operations project (Paragraph 7) . mapping for its power generation units for the Compliant- no action required past two (02) years Client will quantify the GHG emissions annually as mentioned in Paragraph 8 of this Performance Standard.

Water Consumption Construction Construction

Client will adopt measures that avoid or reduce water usage so Compliant- no action required Measures highlighted in EIA document that the project’s water consumption does not have significant adverse impacts on others Paragraph 9 of this Performance Standard Operations Operations Compliant- no action required Measures highlighted in EIA document

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-35 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Pollution Prevention Construction Construction Client will avoid the release of pollutants or, when avoidance is Compliant- no action required Major sources of pollution will be controlled under KE HSEQ guidelines not feasible, minimize and/ or control the intensity or mass flow of their release (Paragraph 10) . Operations Operations Client to address the potential adverse project impacts on existing ambient conditions will consider relevant factors as Compliant- no action required Regular Monitoring will be implemented through mentioned in Paragraph 11 of this Standard Performance. Portable Gas Analyzers

Wastes Construction Construction Client will avoid the generation of hazardous and non- Internal Waste Management Procedures will be hazardous waste materials as mentioned Paragraph 12 of this Compliant- no action required followed Performance Standard.

Operations Operations Compliant- no action required Internal Waste Management Procedures will be followed

Hazardous Materials Management Construction Compliant- no action required Client will avoid or, when avoidance is not possible, minimize Hazardous Material Management Plans are and control the release of hazardous material as mentioned in developed and implemented Paragraph 13 of this Performance Standard. Operations

Compliant- no action required

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-36 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Performance Standard 4: Community Health, Safety, and Security

Community Health and Safety Construction Construction

Client will evaluate risks and impacts to the risks and impacts Compliant- no action required Covered in EIA process to the health and safety of the Affected Communities during the project life- cycle and will establish preventive and control measures as in ( Paragraph 5) of this Performance Standard. Operations Operations Compliant- no action required Covered in EIA process

Infrastructure and Equipment Design and Safety Construction Construction Compliant- no action required EPC contractors have designed all components Client will design, construct, operate, and decommission the under best available engineering standards structural elements or components of the project in accordance internationally with Good International Industry Practice (GIIP) (Paragraph 6) Operations of this Performance Standard. Operations Compliant- no action required Equipment suppliers will provide complete procedures for operations

Hazardous Materials Management and Safety Construction Compliant- no action required Client will avoid or minimize the potential for community Hazardous Material Management Plans are exposure to hazardous materials and substances that may be developed and implemented released by the project (Paragraph 7) of this Performance Operations Standard. Compliant- no action required

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-37 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Ecosystem Services Construction Construction Measures will be taken to avoid releases in The project’s direct impact on priority ecosystem services may Compliant- no action required marine environment result in adverse health and safety risks and impacts to Affected Communities Client will implement mitigation measures as in (Paragraph 8) of this Standard Performance. Operations Operations Compliant- no action required Treatment will be done for the effluent as well as mixing zone is available where the effects will be minimized

Community Exposure to Disease Construction Construction Possible contamination sources will be secured in Client will avoid or minimize the potential for community Compliant- no action required appropriate storage containers. exposure water-borne, water based, water related and vector- borne diseases and communicable diseases that could result from the project activities, taking into consideration Operations Operations differentiated exposure to and higher sensitivity of vulnerable groups (Paragraph 9 and 10) . Compliant- no action required Complete waste management procedures will be developed

Emergency Preparedness and Response Construction Construction In addition to the emergency preparedness and response Compliant- no action required Internal Emergency Response Plan available requirements describes in Performance Standard 1, Client will also assist and collaborate with the Affected Communities, local government agencies, and other relevant parties, in their Operations preparations to respond effectively to emergency situations, Operations especially when their participation and collaboration are Health, Safety, Quality and Management manual Compliant- no action required necessary to respond to such emergency situations (Paragraph available; Regular drills are conducted 11) of this Performance Standard.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-38 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Security Personnel Construction Construction When Client retains direct or contracted workers to provide Internal Security systems and procedures Compliant- no action required security to safeguard its personnel and property, it will assess available risks posed by its security arrangements to those within and outside the project site (Paragraph 12) . Operations Client will assess and document risks ar ising from the project’s Operations Compliant- no action required use of government security personnel deployed to provide Same as above security services (Paragraph 13 and 14) .

Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement

Performance Standard 5 recognizes that project related land acquisition and restrictions on land use can have adverse The proposed project will develop on existing land of KPC. No land acquisition or impacts on communities and persons that use this land. resettlement will be done. Involuntary resettlement refers both to physical displacement (relocation or loss o f shelter) and to economic displacement (loss of assets or access to assets that lead to loss of income sources or other means of livelihood) as a result of project related land acquisition and/ or restrictions on land use (Paragraph 1) .

Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management

Modified Habitat Construction Construction Compliant- no action required Measures highlighted in EIA document Client will minimize impacts on such biodiversity and implement mitigation measures as appropriate (Paragraph 12) . Operations Operations Compliant- no action required Same as above

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-39 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Natural Habitat Construction Construction Natural habitat is not being disturbed by the In areas of natural habitat, Client will not significantly convert Compliant- no action required proposed project or degrade such habitat, unless the conditions listed in Operations Paragraph 14 of this Performance Standard are met. Operations Compliant- no action required Same as above

Performance Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples

Avoidance of Adverse Impacts

Client will identify through an environmental and social risks and impacts assessment process, all communities of Indigenous Construction Construction Peoples within the project area of influence who may be affected by the project , as well as the nature and degree of the expected Compliant- no action required Measures highlighted in EIA document direct and indirect economic, social cultural (including cultural heritage), and environmental impacts on them (Paragraph 8) . Operations Operations Client will minimize restore, and/ or compensate for adverse impacts in a culturally appropriate manner commensurate with Compliant- no action required Same as above the nature and scale of such impacts and vulnerability of the Affected Communities of Indigenous People (Paragraph 9)

Participation and Consent Dedicated CSR department is functioning and Construction keeps engaging communities at various levels Client will undertake an engagement process with the Affected Compliant- no action required

Communities of Indigenous Peoples as mentioned in Paragraph

10, 11 and 12 Operations

Compliant- no action required

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-40 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

How the requirement is met? PS requirement Compliance of operations Or what are the outstanding issues and which actions need to be taken to address them?

Performance Standard 8: Cultural Heritage

Performance Standard 8 recognizes the Importance of cultural heritage for current and future generations. Consistent with the Convention Concerning the Protection Standard aims to ensure KCP does not have any significant features that may hold cultural heritage importance. that Client protect cultural heritage in the course of their project activities. (Paragraph 1) .

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Impacts and Mitigations 7-41

Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

CHAPTER

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN 8

8.1 OVERVIEW

This chapter describes the specific mitigation actions for the possible environmental impacts that are identified, the monitoring program, and the resource allocation during the construction and operation of the KPC-II project. Efforts have been made to provide mitigation measures commensurate with assessed level of risk, e.g., ‘low’ , ‘medium ’ and ‘high’ .

The references made to potential mitigation measures in the preceding chapters of this report have also been summarized in the following sections along with the monitoring plans and the management systems proposed for implementing such mitigation measures.

The ultimate responsibility for environmental management during all phases of the project rests with KE. However, the EPC contractor for the project will also bear the responsibility for developing and implementing the EMP during the construction phase of the proposed project. The responsibility for implementing the EMP during the operation phase will be entirely with KE. Periodic environmental monitoring and audits will be conducted by KE and EPC contractors during the construction phase to ensure effective implementation of the management plan. Appropriate corrective actions will be implemented with due correspondence and consensus with SEPA over any deviations.

8.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

8.2.1 Organization and responsibilities

The EPC contractor will be required to establish an organizational structure for environmental management, including health and safety issues, to ensure effective implementation of mitigation measures, and to review the environmental management process.

As project developer KE will ensure, through its onsite project manager that the construction contractor develops and implements EMS for the project construction phase. EMS will comply with the control measures and environmental management requirements outlined in this EMP and any additional requirements specified by SEPA, construction permits, etc.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-1 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

The Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) manager of the EPC contractor reporting to the project manager will be responsible for day-to-day HSE management on site. The HSE Manager will maintain constant interactions with line managers and other staff throughout the construction period. The EPC contractor will assist in periodic audits of the EMS including monitoring programs to ensure effective implementation of the control and mitigation measures and implementation of corrective actions for any deviations.

8.2.2 Site Security and Safety

The project site will be fenced on all sides and access to the site will be through gates that will be manned during 7 days a week including holidays. The security personnel will carry out regular foot patrols and walkthrough inspections; however, every person at site, including visitors, will be required to report any unsafe conditions. The HSE Manager or persons designated by him will conduct periodic walkthrough inspections and will identify any emergency situations, spills, housekeeping and other environmental and safety related issues.

As the site is located within KPC, the access to site will be restricted to employees, authorized sub-contractors and visitors. All workers at the KPC-II plant will be provided with an identity badge/card, as a mark of authorization to work on the site. The visitors ’ access to the site will be controlled through gate passes. The main entrances to the site will have a notice indicating the work being carried out, the names of companies present and the people responsible for the site. The HSE Manager will coordinate with the line managers to ensure that safe work practices are followed with regard to working at height, confined space entry, use of adequate PPE, work permit procedures, etc.

8.2.3 Site Preparation

As discussed in the previous chapters, the project site and laydown area contain small trees and shrubs within and around the area. Leveling and grading of the site prior to the civil construction will involve removal of such vegetation. Care will be taken not to disturb any vegetation existing outside the proposed project site during the mobilization and demobilization of construction equipment.

Surface contaminated soil should be removed and stored as a hazardous waste. Any subsurface contamination that is suspected or discovered during the construction activities is to be further assessed and remediated if required.

Grading and soil compaction will be involved as a part of site preparation. If any dust emissions are expected particularly during the dry weather conditions, water spraying is to be carried out for dust suppression. During the construction, the excavated soil will be stored at appropriate locations within the project site. The soil will be used for backfilling, wherever possible. The excess soil will be disposed of at municipal landfill sites. All the construction equipment and machinery used will be

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-2 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

of standard design and in good operating condition so as to achieve good fuel efficiency and thereby reduce air emissions.

8.2.4 Air Quality

Planning Standard construction equipment, standby generators and vehicles will be used to ensure that the release of air pollutants is minimized. The EPC contractor will be encouraged to source power required during construction phase from the local power grid;

Adequately sized construction yard and laydown areas will be provided for storage of construction materials, equipment, etc.;

Onsite fuel storage tanks to be designed in such a way to meet applicable regulations and as per respective MSDS. Fuel storage tanks to be provided with submerged loading facilities as feasible to minimize fugitive emissions; and

Dedicated areas and facilities to be planned and allocated for steel fabrication, surface coating, etc.

Controls at proposed Project site

Periodic maintenance such as engine tuning, lubrication, filter cleaning / replacement, oil changes, replacement of required spares etc., of equipment such as standby generators, air compressors and other construction equipment to be conducted so as to reduce emissions and maintain efficiencies;

Water to be sprayed on dust prone graded roads and vacant sites. Treated water used for dust suppression will be sourced from the existing supply as feasible;

On-site vehicle speeds to be controlled to reduce dust generation;

Welding gas cylinders to be stored in a secluded and protected area;

Fabrication activities such as welding, gas cutting, grit blasting and surface coating / painting to be done in a designated area / coating booths; and

Construction workers to be properly trained to follow control measures.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-3 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Monitoring

Periodic audits to be conducted to assess implementation of the control measures and results of audits to be reviewed and corrective actions to be taken;

Periodic monitoring of emissions for critical pollutants such as CO, NO X,

SO 2, UHC and PM 10 to be conducted at emission sources as appropriate at various locations around the construction site (considering the location of various activities, wind direction and location of receptors). The monitoring reports to be submitted quarterly to SEPA, providing compliance status with applicable regulations.

8.2.5 Noise

Planning

Major construction equipment used at site to be planned in such a way as to maintain source noise levels as per SEQS.

Controls at Project Site

Construction equipment to be oriented away from sensitive receptors as feasible;

Noise attenuation such as shrouding, insulation and vibration dampers to be used as appropriate for high noise generating equipment;

Workers exposed to noise levels above permissible limits are to be provided with adequate ear protection devices;

High noise activities to be scheduled in such a way so as to minimize such activities during night times;

Periodic maintenance such as engine tuning, lubrication, filter cleaning / replacement, oil changes, replacement of required spares etc., of noise generating equipment such as standby generators, air compressors and other construction equipment to be conducted so as to optimize the equipment noise levels and reduce emissions;

Simultaneous operation of multiple high noise sources to be minimized to reduce cumulative noise level impacts;

Equipment and vehicles that may be in use only intermittently to be shut down during idling periods or throttled down to a minimum; and

Signboards indicating high noise areas to be displayed, as appropriate, and access to such areas to be controlled.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-4 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Monitoring

Periodic audits to be conducted to assess implementation of the control measures and results of audits to be reviewed and corrective actions to be taken; and

Periodic monitoring of workplace and ambient noise levels to be conducted to assess compliance with applicable standards. The noise monitoring results to be submitted to S EPA to establish compliance with applicable regulations.

8.2.6 Wastewater

Planning

EPC contractor to establish facilities to segregate wastewater streams according to characteristics and route it to adequately sized wastewater treatment facilities;

Collection systems, holding tanks and onsite waste treatment plant are to be provided (especially when number of people exceed 100) for proper collection and treatment of domestic wastewater;

Adequately designed holding pond to be provided for storage of spent hydrotest water;

Facilities to be provided at site to segregate the storm water run-offs from contaminated areas; and

Appropriate spill control measures and handling procedures to be provided at laydown areas and storage areas.

Controls at Project Site

Construction equipment and vehicle washing to be carried out at designated areas provided with wash water collection systems. Alternatively, equipment and vehicle washing may be carried out at off-site locations (such as central workshops of contracting companies), where adequate facilities are available. The wash water collection system will typically include settling tanks for separation of suspended solids and oil & grease. The floating oil & grease is to be removed using skimmers or soaking pads and collected in drums. The water after settling is to be routed to waste treatment plant;

Sewage generated on-site to be collected through underground pipes into holding tanks, from where the sewage will be routed to onsite waste treatment plant or transported to SEPA approved contractor for disposal;

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-5 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

The hydrotest water needs to be collected in the lined pond and the water to be tested for any contaminants. If the collected hydrotest water is found not to be contaminated, and further if the water quality conforms to land discharge standards, then the water can be discharged on to land in small quantities. The discharge will be done in a way as to avoid drainage from large areas;

Accidental spillages of hazardous substances to be immediately remediated to prevent contaminated runoffs and potential contamination of soil and groundwater; and

Waste consignment notes to be prepared and documented for transportation of wastewater (sanitary and other wastewater), if any, to offsite treatment facilities.

Monitoring

The quantities of wastewater generated and transported for disposal/ treatment to be recorded and monitored;

If wastewater is treated at site, the treated water is to be periodically analyzed for relevant parameters in order to assess compliance with the SEQS; and

Periodic audits to be conducted to assess implementation of the control measures and results of audits to be reviewed and corrective actions to be taken for any deviations.

8.2.7 Non-hazardous Solid Wastes

Planning

Waste management plan to be prepared to address proper collection, segregated storage and recycle/disposal of wastes at approved wastes disposal sites;

Suitable storage area (adequately designed to protect from rains and to prevent any run offs) and collection skips to be provided for solid wastes for segregated collection of wastes. The sizing of such areas and skips to be in accordance with the expected waste quantities and the frequency of disposal. The waste containers holding the waste material to be suitably labeled for easy identification of material; and

Controls at Project site

Excavated soil to be stockpiled at an appropriate location at site. Adequate enclosures and curbs to be provided to avoid blowing away by wind and run off with storm water. The soil to be reused for backfilling and grading as feasible. Any excess soil to be disposed of in approved dumpsites;

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-6 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Wastes from construction activities such as concrete waste, metal scraps, domestic refuse, etc., to be collected, segregated and disposed through approved landfill sites;

Metal scrap, wood scrap, empty containers of non-hazardous materials, packing materials, etc., to be collected, segregated and recycled to scrap dealers as feasible and the non- recyclable waste to be disposed through approved dumpsites;

Non-hazardous wastes should not be mixed with hazardous wastes at any time. Non- hazardous wastes suspected to be contaminated with hazardous wastes are to be treated as hazardous wastes; and

Waste consignment notes to be prepared and documented for transporting wastes from the site identifying the type of waste, quantity, disposal site, etc. The delivery receipts obtained from municipal dumpsites are to be documented.

Monitoring

The quantities of various categories of wastes generated, stored and transported for offsite disposal to be recorded and monitored; and

Periodic audits to be conducted to assess implementation of the control measures and results of audits to be reviewed and corrective actions to be taken for deviations.

8.2.8 Hazardous Solid Wastes

Planning

Waste management plan to address proper collection, segregated storage /recycle of hazardous solid wastes; and

Suitable storage area (adequately designed to protect from rains and to prevent any run offs) with impervious flooring, roof and spill collection facilities as appropriate, collection skips to be provided for collection and segregated storage and collection methods to be established for hazardous solid wastes. The sizing of such areas and skips to be in accordance with the expected waste quantities and the frequency of recycling / disposal. The waste containers holding the waste material to be properly labeled indicating the material, hazardous nature, etc.

Controls at Project Site

Contaminated soil generated due to accidental spills to be stored in a sheltered area with impervious flooring to minimize blowing away by wind, run off with storm water and infiltration;

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-7 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

All other solid hazardous wastes such as waste chemicals, empty containers of hazardous materials, waste batteries, etc., to be properly collected, segregated and stored in enclosed and secluded area;

Hazardous wastes should not be mixed with non-hazardous wastes at any time. Non- hazardous wastes suspected to be contaminated with hazardous wastes are to be treated as hazardous wastes;

Potential opportunities for recycle / reuse to be considered for all wastes as feasible.

Potential for returning to the suppliers to be explored for wastes such as unused chemicals, empty containers of hazardous materials, etc.;

Non-recyclable hazardous wastes are to be stored on site and subsequently to be transferred to SEPA approved contractors;

Suitable PPE to be used by workers handling hazardous wastes; and

Waste consignment notes to be prepared and documented for transporting wastes from the site identifying the type of waste, hazardous nature, quantity, disposal/recycle location, etc.

Monitoring

Quantities of hazardous wastes generated, stored and transported for recycle/offsite storage to be recorded and monitored; and

Periodic audits to be conducted to assess implementation of the control measures and results of audits to be reviewed and corrective actions to be taken for deviations

8.2.9 Traffic Management Plan (TMP)

Overview

The main aim of TMP is to provide a framework for movement of equipment, workers and local community to/from the project site. As discussed earlier, the movement of men and materials through the access roads in the area will interface with the local road users. The TMP is prepared to address the impacts of the above interface. The following aspects are to be considered for TMP:

Finalize route for equipment, materials and workers transportation;

Identification of main routes for community movement or road users;

Identify locations for intervention to mitigate interface; and

Finalize and implement mitigation measures.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-8 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Objectives of TMP

The objectives of the TMP include the following: Facilitate safe travel to/from the project site for residents and workers; Maximize efficiency of existing road; Accommodate movement of livestock; Disseminate details of TMP to KE employee colony, neighboring areas like PAF KIET, PAF Base Korangi and Ibrahim Hyderi Goth, drivers and workers; Maximize safety; and Minimize impact on local community.

There will be different levels of traffic flow during different stages of project. The proposed framework for the TMP is based on an initial traffic volume count, community meetings, appraisal of construction schedule and potential traffic management measures as presented in Exhibit 8.1 .

Exhibit 8.1: Traffic Management Plan Components

S. N Component Consideration Scheduling of TMP

1 Site Access an d · Parking sites assignment for · Prior to initiating early Access Way machinery and vehicles; works; · Parking area on site; · During construction works for heavy · Pick-ups and drop-offs for workers; machinery and trucks; and and · Parking regulations. · During operation.

2 Traffic Flow · Construction traffic flow route; · Prior to initiating early works; and · Local traffic flow route; · For alternate route for · Alternate routes or access ways; early works activities. · Disclosure of access way(s) as per construction schedule; · Fencing or barricades as per safety standards around trenches, road intersections etc.;

· Emergency access routes as per emergency response plan; and · Traffic police Karachi to be informed .

3 Safety · Accident prevention; · Prior to initiating early works. · Signing of access way, speed limits, directions etc.;

· Public information safety campaign;

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-9 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

· Service patrols during construction; and · Traffic incident quick clearance initiatives.

The preparation of the detailed TMP will be carried out considering the site specific requirements in consultation with Traffic Police Karachi. The local community may be involved to formulate the TMP with due considerations of the local traffic concerns and safety of livestock.

Planning

A TMP is to be prepared including emergency response for traffic accidents addressing the transportation of men and materials to and from the site;

Adequate parking areas are to be provided for parking of passenger and goods and heavy vehicles. Preferably, separate parking areas are to be provided for employees and visitors;

Suitable signboards indicating speed limits, security offices, waiting areas, unloading areas, etc., are to be provided;

Within the site, signboards are to be provided indicating directions to various locations and speed limits; and

The access roads to the site and site internal roads are to be adequately maintained in order to facilitate safe movement of vehicles.

Controls at Project Site The employees including the drivers are to be trained on the road safety protocols to be followed for the project; The movements of heavy vehicles and equipment are to be planned in such a way as to avoid peak hours on main roads, in order to minimize traffic congestion; Training on defensive driving are to be provided for drivers. The drivers are also to be trained on emergency response measures and requirements; Approved transporters are to be used for transportation of hazardous materials and heavy equipment / goods; and The vehicles are to be properly serviced and maintained in order to ensure safe travel. Further, first aid kits are to be provided in all the vehicles.

Monitoring

Vehicle logs are to be maintained, monitoring the movement and distance traveled by the vehicles.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-10 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Provisions at Construction Camp

The construction camps at site will be provided with the following: Appropriate rooms for the construction staff; Sufficient supply of potable water; Adequate washing and bathing places with adequate sanitation facility; Prayer rooms; Recreation facilities; Power supply; Collection and disposal of wastes; First-aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and medicine; and Supermarket facilities providing foodstuff and other related products.

8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PROGRAMME – CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The Environmental Management System (EMS) of EPC contractors and the sub- contractors are to include systems for scheduling, organizing and conducting periodic audits of the EMS implementation during the construction phase. The audits are to be scheduled in such a way as to cover all significant activities of the construction in order to assess the implementation of control measures proposed in this EMP, including environmental monitoring programs and in turn to assess compliance with applicable environmental regulations. Various environmental monitoring proposed during the construction phase are presented in Exhibit 8.3 . The monitoring data are to be compiled and documented. The reports of such audits/monitoring will be submitted to SEPA as required. Corrective actions are to be implemented for any deviations from compliance requirements.

The findings and recommendations of periodic audits and related monitoring along with recommendations for corrective actions and improvements are to be periodically reviewed by KE and EPC Contractors. Adequate resources are to be provided by KE and EPC Contractors and sub-contractors for implementation of such recommendations and corrective actions for improving the effectiveness of the EMS.

The proposed monitoring and auditing plan for construction phase is presented in Exhibit 8.2.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-11 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Exhibit 8.2: Environmental Monitoring during Construction Phase

Frequency of Responsibility Environmental S. N Scope of Monitoring Method Monitoring / Aspect Auditing

1 Air Quality Parameters as per SEQS or SEPA Ambient Air Analyzer Monthly Onsite project requirement manager/ Contractor

Emissions of CO, NO X, and SO 2 from Portable exhaust / Monthly Onsite project sources such as standby generators stack gas analyzer manager/ Contractor

2 Noise Levels Noise levels at various locations in and Using sound pressure Monthly Onsite project around the project site level meter manager/ Contractor

3 Water Water borne diseases Check water drainage Monthly Onsite Project Water scarcity system Manager Inspect operation of Water Treatment Plant Ensure Spills prevention plan is available

4 Hazardous & Non - Health hazards Solid waste Monthly Onsite project hazardous Solid management plan manager / contractor Property loss Waste Designated area for Unaesthetic conditions solid waste storage

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-12 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Frequency of Responsibility Environmental S. N Scope of Monitoring Method Monitoring / Aspect Auditing Safe disposal and segregation

Hazardous waste will

not be mixed with non - hazardous Transfer of hazardous solid waste will be done by SEPA approved contractors Record of solid waste generated

5 Terrestrial Ecology Vacant areas are developed as green On-site inspection Quarterly Onsite project areas Manager

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-13 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

8.4 OPERATION PHASE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

8.4.1 Organization and Responsibility

At a later stage of project development, KE will develop an appropriate organizational structure for HSE management integrating the existing HSE procedures. The project manager will be responsible for the implementation and effective management of the EMS. The HSE manager will be responsible for the routine plant HSE management and for coordination of HSE functions within the line functions. All line managers will be required to implement and ensure compliance with HSE requirements within their functional areas. The HSE manager, with assistance from an external consultant if required, will be responsible for developing facility wide plans for monitoring and improving HSE performance.

8.4.2 Site Handover from EPC Contractor

After completion of construction activities and as the plant is ready for start-up and commissioning, the relevant permits, documents and records will be transferred to KE HSE team by the EPC contractor. It will be the responsibility of KE HSE department to take over the HSE requirements and incorporate the same into the company’s management system for the operational phase.

8.4.3 Air Quality

Design

NO x reduction measures such as dry low NO x burners, steam injection or water injection to be provided for combustion units such as power engines and HRSG units for reduction of NO x emissions;

Adequate stack heights will be provided according to good engineering practices for stationary point sources will be followed to ensure effective dispersion of the pollutants;

Adequate sampling ports, platforms and facilities required for flue gas sampling will be provided at all the stacks;

Critical pollutants such as NO x, CO, SO 2, PM and VOC at the stacks will be done through Portable Gas Analyzers;

A suitable leak and gas detection system to be provided to enable immediate response to accidental releases of flammable and toxic gases / vapours. Detection of gases in excess of acceptable levels by the gas detectors can be followed by fault repair/ maintenance programmes; and

The design of the bulk storage tanks for liquid materials and fuel to consider the requirements for controls such as submerged loading facilities, conservation vents etc., in order to reduce fugitive emissions.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-14 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

O & M Control

Periodic maintenance of combustion units is to be carried out in order to ensure efficient operation and to reduce emission levels;

The operating parameters critical to ensuring efficient combustion such as air to fuel ratio, temperature, etc., of power engines and HRSG units are to be constantly monitored in order to ensure efficient operation and to reduce emission levels of pollutants; and

Periodic inspection, integrity checks and maintenance of major piping, equipment, fittings such as valves, flanges, etc., storage tanks (seals, tank shell and roof) and vapour recovery systems are to be scheduled and conducted to ensure reliability and to minimize leaks and fugitive emissions.

Monitoring

Periodic monitoring of stack emissions using portable gas analyzers to be conducted at all major stacks. Such monitoring data will be reported to SEPA as required; and

Periodic audits to be conducted to assess implementation of the control measures and results of audits to be reviewed and corrective actions to be taken for any deviations.

8.4.4 Noise

Design

The source noise levels of all noise generating plant equipment to be within SEQS; and

As appropriate, noise barriers / attenuation to be employed to ensure that the maximum noise level at 1 m distance from a single source will not exceed 80 dB(A).

O & M Control

Periodic inspection of noise generating equipment to be carried out to assess equipment conditions and operating practices and corrective measures to be implemented for any deviations from recommended conditions or operating practices;

Stabilized and smooth operation of noise generating equipment to be ensured;

Periodic maintenance such as tuning, lubrication, oil changes, alignment and balancing of rotating parts, replacement of spares, etc., to be carried out for noise generating plant equipment in order to minimize noise levels;

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-15 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Areas with noise levels above 80 dB (A) to be designated and sign boards to be displayed indicating high noise areas. Entry to such areas to be restricted; and

Personnel working in high noise areas to be provided with adequate PPE to minimize noise exposure.

Monitoring

Periodic monitoring of work place and ambient noise levels will be conducted to assess compliance with applicable standards. Such monitoring will be required as there can be variations in the noise levels of equipment due to wear and tear, changes in alignments, damage of rotating components, change in operating practices, etc. The results of monitoring will be compared with SEQS and reported to the SEPA as required;

Noise exposure survey to be conducted to assess personnel exposure levels. Such survey to be periodically repeated as there can be changes in work locations, work patterns, noise levels of equipment, etc.; and

Periodic audits to be conducted to assess implementation of the control measures and results of audits to be reviewed and corrective actions to be taken for any deviations.

8.4.5 Wastewater Treatment and Discharge

Design

The wastewater treatment plant will treat the process and domestic waste water streams to ensure compliance with SEQS prior to discharge;

Appropriate facilities to be provided for collection, storage and routing the wastewater streams to treatment plant and facilities are to be provided; and

Appropriate sludge handling and disposal facilities are to be provided for waste treatment sludge.

O&M control

Effluent sewers to be periodically cleaned and inspected for integrity in order to ensure effective transport of effluents and prevent overflows and leakages and infiltration;

Sanitary wastewater from all sections of the facility to be collected and routed to sanitary treatment system; and

All run off from the process area and storage tanks area to be routed for treatment prior to disposal.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-16 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Monitoring

Treated water from the WTP is to be periodically analyzed for relevant parameters in order to assess compliance with SEQS. Analysis reports will be submitted to SEPA as required; and

Periodic audits to be conducted to assess implementation of the control measures and results of audits to be reviewed and corrective actions to be taken for any deviations.

8.4.6 Non-hazardous Solid Wastes

Design

Waste management plan to be prepared to address proper collection, segregated storage and recycle / disposal of wastes at approved waste disposal sites;

Suitable storage area (adequately designed to protect from rains and to prevent any run offs) and collection areas to be provided for solid wastes for segregated collection of wastes. The sizing of such areas to be in accordance with the expected waste quantities and the frequency of disposal. The waste containers holding the waste material to be suitably labeled for easy identification of material; and

O & M control

All wastes to be collected, segregated and stored at designated storage areas;

Metal scrap, wood scrap, uncontaminated and used spare parts, empty containers of non- hazardous materials, packing materials, etc., to be collected and recycled to scrap dealers as feasible. The rest along with general wastes and domestic refuse to be disposed through approved landfill sites;

Potential opportunities for recycle / reuse to be considered for all wastes as feasible;

Non-hazardous wastes should not be mixed with hazardous wastes at any time. Non- hazardous wastes suspected to be contaminated with hazardous wastes are to be treated as hazardous wastes; and

Waste consignment notes to be prepared and documented for transporting wastes from the site identifying the type of waste, quantity, disposal site, etc. The delivery receipts obtained from municipal landfills also to be documented.

Monitoring

The quantities of various categories of wastes generated, stored and transported for offsite disposal to be recorded, monitored and reported to SEPA as required; and

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-17 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Periodic audits to be conducted to assess implementation of the control measures and results of audits to be reviewed and corrective actions to be implemented.

8.4.7 Hazardous Solid Waste

Design

Waste management plan to address proper collection, segregated storage / recycle of hazardous wastes; and

Suitable storage area (adequately designed to protect from rains and to prevent any run offs) with impervious flooring, bunds, roof and spill collection facilities as appropriate, to be provided for collection and segregated storage and collection methods to be established for hazardous solid wastes. The sizing of such areas to be in accordance with the expected waste quantities and the frequency of recycling/disposal;

Suitable waste skips to be provided as appropriate based on the anticipated waste generation, for segregation of recyclable and non-recyclable hazardous wastes. Waste containers holding the waste material to be properly labeled indicating the material, hazardous nature, etc.; and

O&M control Contaminated soil generated due to remediation of accidental spills to be stored as hazardous waste in appropriate containers. If large quantities of soil to be stored, such may be stored as pile, in designated enclosed area with impervious floor in order to prevent infiltration and runoffs. Storage containers/area to be appropriately labeled; Equipment/piping replaced due to failures / damage to be treated as hazardous waste and to be decontaminated as feasible and reused / recycled; All other solid hazardous wastes such as waste chemicals, empty containers of hazardous materials, waste batteries, etc., to be properly collected, segregated and stored in a dedicated hazardous waste storage area and/or recycled to approved buyers; Potential opportunities for recycling or reusing to be considered for all wastes as feasible. Potential for returning to the suppliers to be explored for wastes such as unused chemicals, empty containers of hazardous materials, etc.; Hazardous wastes should not be mixed with non-hazardous wastes at any time. Non- hazardous wastes suspected to be contaminated with hazardous wastes are to be treated as hazardous wastes; Suitable PPE to be used by workers handling hazardous wastes; and

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-18 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Waste consignment notes to be prepared and documented for transporting wastes from the site identifying the type of waste, hazardous nature, quantity, disposal/recycle location, etc. Approved transporters to be used for transportation of hazardous waste material.

Monitoring Quantities of hazardous wastes generated, stored and transported for recycle/offsite storage to be recorded and monitored and reported to the SEPA as required; and Periodic audits to be conducted to assess implementation of the control measures and results of audits to be reviewed and corrective actions to be taken.

Exhibit 8.3: Environmental Impact and Mitigation Plan

Operational Phase

Aspect Impact Mitigation

Air Chronic Respiratory health Installation of suitable leak and effects gas detection system

Periodic maintenance of

combustion units

NOx reduction measures should be taken and monitoring of operational parameters such as air to fuel ratio Periodic audits to be conducted

Noise Stress Installation of noise barriers Hypertension Periodic maintenance and inspection of machinery

Sign boards indicating high noise Hearing loss levels Headache Provision of adequate PPEs Periodic monitoring and audits to be conducted

Water Water borne diseases Installation of water treatment plant Water scarcity Water drainage system Water pollution Cleaning of effluent sewers

Treated water will be analyzed for relevant parameters Periodic audits

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-19 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Operational Phase

Aspect Impact Mitigation

Hazardous Solid Health hazards Solid waste management plan Waste Property loss Designated area for solid waste storage Unaesthetic conditions Safe disposal and segregation

Record of solid waste generated Provision of PPEs

Non Hazardous Health hazards Solid waste management plan Solid Waste Property loss Designated area for solid waste storage Unaesthetic conditions Safe disposal and segregation

Record of solid waste generated

Roads and Increased no. of vehicles will Traffic management plan will be networks lead to traffic congestion. implemented Signs and reflectors must be boarded for driver’s visibility at night

8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PROGRAM – OPERATION PHASE

Based on the discussions above, an environmental monitoring program summarized in Exhibit 8.4 below is proposed for the operational phase.

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-20 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Exhibit 8.4: Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase

Environmental Frequency of Responsibility S.N Scope of Monitoring / Auditing Method Aspects Monitoring

1 Air Quality Emission monitoring for NOx, SO 2, CO, Portable Gas Monthly KE CO 2 and VOC at bypass and main stacks Analyzers as per SEQS will be done

Monitoring of critical pollutants such as Ambient Air Monthly KE NOx, PM, O 3, Hydrocarbons at analyzers appropriate locations in and around the plant

2 Noise Levels Occupational and ambient noise levels Noise meter Monthly KE

Noise exposure survey for plant personnel Noise meter Quarterly KE

3 Marine outfall Parameters as per SEQS or SEPA Laboratory analys is Monthly KE water requirement

4 Sanitary Flow volume Online flow meter Continuous KE wastewater

5 Process Flow volume Online flow meter Continuous KE wastewater

6 Treated water Parameters as per SEQS or SEPA Laboratory analysis Monthly KE requirement

7 Solid Wastes Quantity of each category of waste Weight or volume Continuous, KE disposed from site measurement monthly inventory to be maintained

GEMSEIA1090716KE Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-21 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of 250 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant KPC-II Karachi Sindh

Environmental Frequency of Responsibility S.N Scope of Monitoring / Auditing Method Aspects Monitoring

8 Hazardous wastes Quantity of each category of waste stored Weight or volume Continuous, KE at site measurement monthly inventory to be maintained

9 Resources such as Quantities of consumption Using flow meters, Continuous, KE gas, fuel, power, energy meters, etc. monthly inventory water, etc. to be maintained

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ANNEXURE-I HSEQ Policy

ANNEXURE-II Layout Plan

ANNEXURE-III Sindh Environmental Quality Standards 2016

ANNEXURE-IV Sindh Hazardous Substances Rules 2014

GOVERNMENT OF SINDH SINDH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Karachi dated the 16 th December, 2014.

NOTIFICATION

NO.EPA/TECH/739/2014 In exercise of the powers conferred by section 36 of the Sindh Environmental Protection Act, 2014, the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency, with the approval of the Government is pleased to make the following rules, namely:-

1. Short title and commencement. (1) These rules may be called the Hazardous Substances Rules, 2014. (2) They shall come into force at once.

2. Definition. (1) In these rules, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context (i) “Act” means the Sindh Environmental Protection Act, 2014;

(ii) “Director -General” means the Director -General of the Agency;

(iii) “environmental impact assessment” means an environmental impact assessment as defined in clause (xv) of section 2;

(iv) “major accident” means an occurrence resulting from uncontrolled developments during industrial activity or from natural events which is likely to cause an adverse environmental effect, involving substantial loss of life and property;

(v) “section” means a section of the Act;

(vi) “Schedule” means Schedule to these rules; and

(vii) “worker” shall have the same meaning as defined in clause (h) of section 2 of the Factories Act, 1934 (XXV of 1934). (2) All other words and expressions used in these rules but not defined shall have the same meanings as are assigned to them in the Act.

3. Substances prescribed as hazardous substances. As provided in sub-clause (b) of clause (xxv) of section 2, substances listed in Schedule-I are hereby prescribed as hazardous substances.

4. Application for licence. An application for grant of licence under section 13 shall be filed with the Agency in Form-A of Schedule-II: Provided that an applicant for grant of licence to import or transport a hazardous substance shall, in addition to information in Form-A, also provide details mentioned in sub-rule (1) of rules 20 and 21 respectively.

5. EIA of project or industrial activity. (1) An application for grant of licence filed under rule 4 shall be accompanied by an environmental impact assessment of the project or industrial activity involving generation, collection, consignment, transport, treatment, disposal, storage, handling or import of a hazardous substance in respect of which the licence is sought.

(2) The environmental impact assessment submitted by the applicant shall include – (a) a safety plan, containing information specified in sub-rule (1) of rule 17; (b) a waste management plan, if hazardous waste shall be generated by the project or industrial activity, containing information specified in sub-rule (1) of rule 19. 6. Applicability of Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2014. The environmental impact assessment accompanying an application for grant of licence shall be prepared, scrutinized, reviewed and decided in accordance with the provisions of the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2014.

7. Issue of Licence. (1) Where the Director General approves an application for grant of licence, the applicant shall be informed accordingly and directed to deposit with the Agency, a licence fee at the rate specified in Schedule-III. (2) On receipt of the licence fee, the Agency shall issue a licence in Form-B of Schedule-II. (3) If a licence is defaced, damaged or lost, duplicate thereof shall be issued on payment of such fee as specified in Schedule-III.

8. Conditions of licence. (1) A licence granted under section 13 shall be subject to the conditions of approval of the environmental impact assessment accompanying the application for licence. (2) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-rule(1), a licence granted under section 13 shall also be subject to the following conditions:- (a) the licensee shall employ qualified technical personnel having necessary knowledge and experience regarding the use, storage and handling of the hazardous substance, and safety precautions relating thereto; (b) the hazardous substance shall be packed and labeled in accordance with rule 9; (c) the premises of the licensee shall comply with the conditions laid down in rule 10; (d) the licensee shall ensure compliance with the provisions of rules 11 and 12 regarding safety precautions; (e) the licensee shall provide necessary information, and where required training, to the persons to whom the hazardous substances are sold or delivered, regarding the use, storage and handling of the hazardous substances, and safety precautions relating thereto; (f) the licensee shall maintain a detailed record of the quantity, type, quality and origin of the hazardous substance and the names and addresses of the persons to whom the hazardous substances are sold or delivered; and (g) the licensee shall not extend his operation beyond the scope of the project or industrial activity in respect of which the environmental impact assessment has been submitted and approval granted. (2) The Agency may, in the light of its review of the environmental impact assessment, require that the licensee maintain adequate insurance cover for any aspect of his operation. (3) The licensee shall provide copy of approval from importing country under the international convention and protocol.

9. Packing and labeling.- (1) A container of a hazardous substance shall be of such size, material and design as to ensure that – (a) it can be stored, transported and used without leakage and safely; (b) the hazardous substance therein does not deteriorate in a manner as to render it more likely to cause, directly or in combination with other substances, an adverse environmental effect. (2) The following information shall be printed conspicuously, legibly and indelibly on every container of a hazardous substance:- (a) name of the hazardous substance; (b) name, address and licence number of the licensee; (c) net contents (volume or weight); (d) date of manufacture and date of expiry, if any; (e) a warning statement comprising – (i) the word “DANGER!” in red on a contrasting background; (ii) a picture of a skull and cross-bones; (iii) pertinent instructions for use, storage and handling and safety precautions relating thereto. (f) instructions regarding return or disposal of the empty container: Provided that if the hazardous substance has an inner container as well as an outer container, the information shall be printed on both containers: Provided further that if it is impracticable to print the aforesaid information on the container itself due to its size, material or design, the same shall be printed on a label or tag which shall be conspicuously affixed or attached to the container in such manner as to render it difficult to remove. The empty chemical containers or drums may not be used for other purposes: (g) basic instructions mentioning immediate steps to be taken in case of any accident or emergency, preferably in local language.

10. Conditions for premises. (1) The premises in which a hazardous substance is generated, collected, consigned, treated, disposed of, stored or handled shall - (a) comply with the conditions specified in Schedule-IV; (b) be fitted with a notice on the outer door or gate bearing the following information:- (i) the words “DANGER ! HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE!” in red, on a contrasting background; and (ii) a prominent picture of a skull and cross-bones. (2) In case of import of hazardous substances, proponent shall provide approval from Climate Change Division (International Convention Wing) Government of Pakistan.

11. General safety precautions. (1) A licensee shall ensure that the following safety precautions are conveyed to persons to whom the hazardous substances are sold or delivered:- (a) carefully read and follow the instructions and safety precautions printed on the container; (Urdu or local language translation of the same may be preferably given to the local buyers); (b) when opening the container, wear protective clothing and equipment including helmet or cloth cap, safety spectacles or goggles, respirator or mask, rubber or plastic gloves, and work boots, as may be required; (c) avoid contact of the hazardous substance with exposed skin or eyes, and if such contact occurs, wash the exposed area immediately and consult a doctor; (d) avoid contaminating clothing, gloves and footwear with the hazardous substance, and if such contamination occurs, remove the clothing, gloves and footwear immediately and wash the same thoroughly before reuse; (e) do not eat, drink or smoke in the vicinity of hazardous substances. (2) The general safety precautions mentioned in sub-rule (1) shall be in addition to such other specific precautions or measures that may be required to be conveyed by the licensee for a particular hazardous substance. The licensee will be bound to inform the Agency, the details of his subsequent consignments as the licence will be issued for a period of one year under section 13.

12. Safety precautions for workers. A licensee shall ensure that the following safety precautions are taken in respect of workers employed by him for handling hazardous substances:- (a) No worker aged below eighteen years or over sixty years shall be employed for any job involving physical handling of hazardous substances. (b) All workers shall be thoroughly trained in safety precautions for handling hazardous substances and shall be supervised by qualified supervisors. (c) Protective clothing and equipment comprising helmet or cloth cap, safety spectacles or goggles, respirators or masks, rubber or plastic gloves and work-boots shall be available for all workers who may be exposed to any hazardous substance, and no worker shall be permitted on job unless and until he is wearing such protective clothing and equipment. (d) Adequate supply of water shall be made available to the workers for personal washing as well as for washing their protective clothing and equipment. (e) Protective clothing and equipment of the workers shall be washed and cleaned as often as may be required to ensure their efficacy. (f) No worker shall be permitted to eat, drink or smoke till he has removed his protective clothing and equipment, washed his hands and face, and left the place of work. (g) All fire-fighting, emergency and safety equipment shall be frequently checked and properly maintained. (h) First-aid medical facility equipped with required antidotes shall be available in the premises, supervised by trained staff. (i) Medical check-up of all workers shall be carried out at the time of employment and at least once a year thereafter. (j) A record of every worker shall be maintained containing, amongst other details, his name and address, his medical check-up history, and the hazardous substances handled by him.

13. Validity of licence. A licence issued under rule 7 shall be valid for a period of one year from the date of issue: Provided that if an application for renewal is made under rule 14, the licence shall continue to remain valid till the application for renewal is decided.

14. Renewal of licence. An application for renewal of licence shall also be made to the Federal Agency in Form-A of Schedule II, at least 30 days before the date of its expiry. (i) An application for renewal shall be accompanied by a brief update of the original environmental impact assessment, unless changes in circumstances require submission of a fresh environmental impact assessment. (ii) the fee for renewal of licence shall be as provided in Schedule-III, and the licence issued on receipt thereof shall also be in Form-B of Schedule II. (iii) the fee for duplicate copy of licence shall be as provided in Schedule-III and the licence issue on the receipt thereof shall also be in Form-B of Schedule-II.

15. Cancellation of the licence. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, if at any time on the basis of information or report received or inspection carried out, the Agency is of the opinion that the conditions of the licence have not been complied with, or that the information supplied by the licensee in his application or approved environmental impact assessment is incorrect, it shall issue notice to the licensee to show cause, within two weeks of receipt thereof, why the licence should not be cancelled. (2) If no reply is received or if the reply is considered unsatisfactory, the Agency may, after giving the licensee an opportunity of being heard - (i) require the licensee to take such measures and to comply with such conditions within such period as it may specify, failing which the licence shall stand cancelled; or (ii) cancel the licence. (3) On cancellation of the licence under sub-rule (2), the licensee shall cease his operations forthwith. (4) The action taken under this rule shall be without prejudice to any other action that may be taken against the licensee under the Act or rules or regulations or any other law for the time being in force.

16. Entry, inspection and monitoring. (1) For the purposes of verification of any matter relating to the conditions of the licence, duly authorized staff of the Agency shall be entitled to enter and inspect the premises in which the hazardous substance is being generated, collected, consigned, treated, disposed of, stored or handled: Provided that the Agency shall inspect the premises at least once a year. (2) The licensee shall ensure cooperation of his staff at the premises to facilitate the inspection mentioned in sub-rule (1). (3) The licensee shall provide such information as may be required by the Agency for effective monitoring of compliance by the licensee with the conditions of the licence.

17. Safety plan. (1) The safety plan to be submitted by an applicant under clause (a) of sub- rule (2) of Rule 5 shall include – (a) an analysis of major accident hazards relating to the hazardous substance involved; (b) an assessment of the nature and scope of the adverse environmental effects likely to be caused by major accidents; (c) a description of the safety equipment and systems installed and safety precautions taken; and (d) a description of the emergency measures proposed to be taken on and off the premises of the applicant to control a major accident, and to mitigate its adverse environmental effect. (2) Before issue of the licence, the Agency shall, in consultation with other relevant Government Agencies and Departments including the licensee, review the safety plan to ensure that it covers all anticipated contingencies and all emergencies likely to result from a major accident involving the hazardous substance involved, and that the concerned Government Agencies, Departments and the licensee are aware of their specific responsibilities thereunder.

(3) After issue of the licence, the licensee shall ensure that all persons liable to be affected by the approved safety plan are informed of the relevant provisions thereof.

18. Notification of major accident. (1) Where a major accident occurs on the premises of a licensee, the licensee shall immediately notify the Agency concerned and shall submit within twenty four hours and weekly thereafter, a report in Schedule-V.

(2) On receipt of the report under sub-rule (1), the Agency shall require the licensee to carry out a detailed environmental audit of the major accident and initiate necessary action, in accordance with the approved safety plan or otherwise, to control the major accident, mitigate its adverse environmental effect and prevent it from recurring.

19. Waste management plan. (1) The waste management plan, if required to be submitted by an applicant under clause (b) of sub-rule (2) of rule 5, shall -

(a) provide for the generation, collection, transport and disposal of the hazardous waste in a manner which shall protect against an adverse environmental effect;

(b) ensure that the hazardous waste is not mixed with non-hazardous waste, unless the applicant can prove that such mixing will better protect against an adverse environmental effect.

(2) The waste management plan shall be reviewed every year by the licensee to take into consideration the development of new technologies and management practices which can better protect against an adverse environmental effect, and if required revised waste management plan and fresh environmental impact assessment shall be submitted with the application for renewal of licence.

(3) If the waste management plan provides for export of the hazardous waste, such export shall only be allowed if it is in accordance with a bilateral, multilateral or regional agreement or arrangement that conforms to the requirements of Article 11 of the Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal, Basel, 1989.

(4) The licensee shall inform the Agency on a yearly basis about - (a) the quantity and characteristics of hazardous waste generated in the previous year; and (b) progress regarding implementation of the waste management plan.

20. Import of hazardous substances. (1) The applicant shall, for grant of licence to import a hazardous substance in addition to the information contained in Form-A of Schedule II, also provide the following details:-

(i) port of entry into Province of Sindh; (ii) particulars of transport from exporting country to Pakistan; (iii) quantity of hazardous substance being imported; (iv) complete information pertaining to safety precautions to be adopted; and (v) the purpose for which the hazardous substance is to be utilized, along with environmental impact assessment in respect thereof, if required under rule 5 . (vi) Licensee shall provide copy of approval from Climate Change Division (International Convention Wing) Government of Pakistan under the provisions of International Convention and Protocol. (2) If the licence applied for is granted, the concerned Federal Agency or Ministry and the Agency and port authority concerned, shall ensure that proper steps are taken for safe off- loading, handling and storage of the hazardous substance on arrival at the port.

21. Transport of hazardous substances. (1) The applicant shall, for grant of licence for transport of a hazardous substance in addition to the information contained in Form-A of Schedule II, also provide the following details :- (i) name and address of the person from whom the hazardous substance is to be collected;

(ii) name and address of the person to whom the hazardous substance is to be delivered; (iii) quantity of hazardous substance to be transported; (iv) mode of transport, including full particulars and specifications of the motor vehicles or other conveyance; (v) route to be adopted between the origin and destination; (vi) date and time of proposed transportation; (vii) nature of waste which may be liquid or solid and its toxicity along with Material and Safety Data Sheet (MSDS); and (viii) contingency or emergency response plan. (2) If the licence applied for is granted, the Agency shall ensure that the Government Departments or Agencies concerned are informed of the relevant particulars of the transportation, for taking necessary safety precautions and other measures.

22. Other approvals. The issuance of a licence under section 13 read with rule 7 shall not absolve the licensee to obtain any other approval or consent that may be required under any law for the time being in force.

DIRECTOR GENERAL SINDH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

SCHEDULE-I (see Rule 3)

List of Prescribed Hazardous Substances or Any Other Synthetically Chemical

S. NO. NAME OF CHEMICALS CAS. NO 1. Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 2. Acetic acid 64-19-7 3. Acetic anhydride 108-24-7 4. Acetone 67-64-1 5. Acetone cyanohydrins 75-86-5 6. Acetone Thiosemicarbazide 7. Acetylene 74-86-2 8. Acetyl chloride 75-36-5 9. Acrolein 107-02-8 10. Acrylamide 79-06-1 11. Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 12. Adiponitrile 111-69-3 13. Aldicarb 116-06-3 14. Aldrin 309-00-2 15. Allyl alcohol 107-18-6 16. Allyl amine 107-11-9 17. Allyl chloride 107-05-1 18. Amino biphenyl 92-67-1 19. 3-Amino-1, 2,4 triazole 61-82-5 20. Aminopterin 21. Amiton 78-83-5 22. Amiton dialate 23. Ammonia 7664-41-7 24. Ammonium chloride 12125-02-9 25. Ammonium sulphamate 7773-06-0 26. Aniline 62-53-3 27. Aniline 2,4,6-Trimethyl 28. Anthraquinone 84-65-1 29. Antimony & Compounds 7440-36-0 30. Arsenic & Compounds 7440-38-2 31. Arsine 7784-42-1 32. Asbestos 1332-21-4 33. Azinpho-ethyl 34. Azinphos methyl 86-50-0 35. Bacitracin S. NO. NAME OF CHEMICALS CAS. NO 36. Barium and Compounds 513-77-9 37. Benzal chloride 98-87-3 38. Benzenamine 3-Trifluoromethyl 39. Benzene 71-43-2 40. Benzene sulfonyl chloride 98-09-9 41. Benzene 1- (chloromethyl) –4 Nitro 42. Benzene arsenic acid 43. Benzidine and Salt 92-87-5 44. Benzimidazole, 4,5-dichloro-2 (Trifluoromethyl) 45. Benzyl chloride 100-44-7 46. Beryllium and Compounds 7440-41-7 47. Bis (2-chloroehyl) Sulphide ? 48. Bis (chloroethyl) ketone ? 49. Bis (Tert-butyl peroxy) cyclohexane ? 50. Bis (Tert-butyl peroxy) butane ? 51. Bis (2,4,6-Trinitrophenylamine) ? 52. Bromo chloro methane 74-97-5 53. Bromoform 75-25-2 54. Butyl amine tert 75-64-9 55. Butvl-n-mercaptan 109-79-5 56. Cadmium and Compounds 7440-43-9 57. Calcium arsenate 7778-44-1 58. Calcium Cyanamide 156-62-7 59. Camphechlor Toxaphene) 8001-35-2 60. Cantharidin ? 61. Captan 133-06-2 62. Carbachol chloride ? 63. Carbaryl 63-25-2 64. Carbofuran 1563-66-2 65. Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 66. Carbon disulphide 75-15-0 67. Carbon monoxide 630-08-0 68. Cellulose nitrate 9004-70-0 ? 69. Chlordane 12789-03-6 70. Chlorinated benzene 108-90-7 71. Chlorine 7782-50-5 72. Chlorine oxide 10049-04-4 73. Chlorine trifluoride 7790-9102 74. Chloroacetaldehyde 107-20-0 75. Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 S. NO. NAME OF CHEMICALS CAS. NO 76. Chloroform 67-66-3 77. Chloromethyl methylether 107-30-2 78. Chloronitrobenzene 88-73-3 79. Chloroethyle Vinyl ether 110-75-8 80. Chromium and Compounds 7440-47-3 81. Cobalt and Compounds 7440-48-4 82. Copper and compounds 7440-50-8 83. Crotonaldehyde 123-73-9 84. Cumene 98-82-8 85. Cyanides and Compounds 151-50-8 86. Cyclohexane 110-82-7 87. DDT 50-29-3 88. Demeton 298-03-3 89. Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1 90. Dichloroethyl ether 111-44-4 91. Dichlorophenol-2.6 87-65-0 92. Dichlorophenol-2.4 120-83-2 93. Dichloropropene-1,3 142-28-9 94. Dichloroproponic acid 127-20-8 95. Dichlorvos 62-73-7 96. Dieldrin 60-57-1 97. Dimethyl hydrazine 57-14-7 98. Dimethyl phenol 2,4 105-67-9 99. Dimethylamine 109-89-7 100. Dimethylaniline 121-69-7 101. Dinitrophenol 2-4 51-28-5 102. Dinitrotoluenes 121-14-2 103. Dinoseb 88-85-7 104. Dinitrobenzene 528-29-0 105. Dioxane-p 123-91-1 106. Dioxathion 78-34-2 107. Diquat 85-00-7 108. Endosulfan 115-29-7 109. Endrin 72-20-8 110. Epichlorohydrine 106-89-8 111. Ethion 563-12-2 112. Ethyl acetate 141-78-6 113. Ethyl benzene 100-41-4 114. Ethyl amine 75-04-7 115. Ethyl ether 60-29-7 S. NO. NAME OF CHEMICALS CAS. NO 116. Ethyl methacrylate 97-63-2 117. Ethylene dichloride 107-06-2 118. Ethylene dibromide 106-93-4 119. Ethylene diamine 107-15-3 120. Ethylene oxide 75-21-8 121. Ethylenimine 151-56-4 122. Fluorine 7782-41-4 123. Formaldehyde 50-00-0 124. Formic acid 64-18-6 125. Furfural 98-01-1 126. Heptachlor 76-44-8 127. Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 128. Hexachlorocyclohexan (Lindane) 608-73-1 129. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 77-47-4 130. Hydrochloric acid 7647-01-0 131. Hydrogen sulphide 7783-06-4 132. Hydrogen cyanide 74-90-8 133. Hydrogen fluoride 7664-39-3 134. Iridium tetrachloride ? 135. Isobutyl alcohol ? 136. Lead (Inorganic) 7439-92-1 137. Lead arsenate 7784-40-9 138. Lindane 58-89-9 139. Magnesium powder or ribbon 7439-95-4 ? 140. Malathion 121-75-5 141. Maleic anhydride 108-31-6 142. Malononitrile 109-77-3 143. Mercury and Compounds 502-39-6 144. Methoxy chloride 145. Methyl alcohol 67-56-1 146. Methyl amine 74-89-5 147. Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) 74-83-9 148. Methyl chloride 74-87-3 149. M ethyl chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) 137-5-3 150. Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 1338-23-4 151. Methyl isocyanate 624-83-9 152. Methyl methacrylate monomer 80-62-6 153. Methyl Parathion 298-00-0 154. Mevinphos 7786-34-7 155. Molybdenum and Compounds 7439-98-7 S. NO. NAME OF CHEMICALS CAS. NO 156. Monocrotophos 6973-22-4 157. Butyl acetate 123-86-4 158. Butyl alcohol 71-36-3 159. Naled 300-76-5 160. Naphthalene 91-20-3 161. Naphthyl amine 91-51-8 162. Nickel salts 7440-02-0 163. Nicotine 54-11-5 164. Nitric acid 7697-37-2 165. Nitric oxide 10102-43-9 166. Nitro benzene 98-95-3 167. Nitrocholorobenzene 100-00-5 168. Nitrocyclohexane 169. Nitrogen dioxide 10102-44-0 170. Nitrogen trifluride 7783-54-2 171. Nitrophenols 88-75-5 172. Nitropropane-2 79-46-9 173. Nitroso dimethyl amine 62-75-9 174. Cresol 1319-77-3 175. Nitroaniline 100-01-6 176. Osmium tetroxide 20816-12-0 177. Oxygen (Liquid) 7727-37-9 178. Oxygen difluoride 7783-41-7 179. Ozone 10028-15-6 180. Paraoxon (diethyl-4 nitrophenyphosphate) 181. Parathion 56-38-2 182. Pentaborane 19624-22-7 183. Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5 184. Pentachlorophenol 87-86-5 185. Pentabromophenol 186. Phenol 108-95-2 187. Phenol,2,2-thiobis (4,6-dichloro) 188. Phenol,2,2-thiobis (4 chioro 6 methyl phenol) 189. Phenol, 3- (1- methyl-ethyl)- methylcarbamate 190. Phorate 298-02-2 191. Phosgene 75-44-5 192. Phosphoric acid 7664-38-2 193. Phosphorus 7723-14-0 194. Phosphorus oxychloride 10025-87-3 195. Phosphorus pentasulphide 1314-80-3 S. NO. NAME OF CHEMICALS CAS. NO 196. Phosphorus trichloride 7719-12-2 197. Phthalic anhydride 85-44-9 198. Picric acid (2,4,6-trnitrophenol) 88-89-1 199. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 1336-36-3 200. Propionic acid 79-09-4 201. Propargyl alcohol 107-19-7 202. Propylene oxide 75-56-9 203. Pyrethrins 8003-34-71 204. Pyridine 110-86-1 205. Quinone 106-51-4 206. Sodium azide 26628-22-8 207. Sodium fluoro-acetate 62-74-8 208. Sodium hydroxide 1310-73-2 209. Strychnine 57-24-9 210. Styrene 100-42-5 211. Sulfuric acid 7664-93-9 212. Tert- Butyl peroxyacetate 213. Tetra ethyl pyrophosphate 107-49-3 214. Tetra nitromethane (Rocket Industry) 509-14-8 215. Tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,7,8 (TCDD) 1746-01-6 216. Tetraethyl lead 78-00-2 217. Thallic oxide 218. Titanium powder 7440-32-6 219. Toluene 108-88-3 220. Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate 584-84-9 221. Toxaphene 8001-35-2 222. Trans-1,4-dichloro-butene 223. Trichloroethylene 79-01-6 224. Trichlorophenols 95-95-4 225. Trichlorophenoxy acetic acid 2,4,5 triethylamine 93-76-5 226. Trichlorophenol 2,3,6 933-75-5 227. Trichlorophenol 2,4,5 95-95-4 228. Triethylamine 121-44-8 229. Triethylene melamine 230. Trinitrobenzene 99-35-4 231. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) 118-96-7 232. Turpentine 8006-64-2 233. Uranium and compounds 7440-61-1 234. Vanadium and compounds 7440-62-2 235. Vinyl acetate 108-05-4 S. NO. NAME OF CHEMICALS CAS. NO 236. Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 237. Vinyledene chloride 75-35-4 238. Warfarin 81-81-2 239. Xylene 1330-20-7 240. Xylidine 1300-73-8 241. Zinc chloride 7646-85-7 242. Zirconium and compounds 7440-67-7 243. Any other substance declared hazardous by Sindh EPA

SCHEDULE-II FORM A (see Rule 4)

Application for grant/renewal of licence for hazardous substance

I/we [ name(s) ______] of [ address ______] hereby apply for grant/ renewal of licence to generate/collect/consign/transport/treat/dispose of/ store/ handle/ import (delete words inapplicable) the following hazardous substance

______at my/our premises situated at [ address ______].

I/we have read, and hereby undertake to comply with, all applicable provisions of the Sindh

Environmental Protection Act, 2014 and rules and regulations made thereunder, including and in particular the Hazardous Substances Rules, 2014.

I/we submit herewith the following documents:-

(i) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the project/industrial activity involving the above-mentioned hazardous substance, including safety plan. Waste management plan is/is not included. [ delete word(s) inapplicable ]. (ii) Approved building plan of the premises mentioned above.

(iii) List of machinery and equipment installed/proposed to be installed.

(iv) List of qualified personnel and number of workers employed/proposed to be employed.

Date: ______Applicant

SCHEDULE-II FORM B (See Rule 7)

Licence for hazardous substance

M/s [ name ______] of [ address ______] is hereby granted licence to generate / collect / consign / transport / treat / dispose of/ store /handle /import ( delete words inapplicable ) the following hazardous substance –

______at its premises situated at [ address ______] subject to the conditions specified below –

1) the following conditions of approval of the EIA accompanying the application for licence –

______

2) the conditions specified in Rule 8 of the Hazardous Substances Rules, 2014.

3) The following additional conditions –

______

This licence shall be valid for a period of one year from the date given below.

Date: ______Director-General Sindh Environmental Protection Agency

SCHEDULE III (see Rule 7) Licence fees

Description Fee

Licence Fee Rs.50,000

Renewal Fee Rs.25,000

Duplicate Fee Rs. 10,000

SCHEDULE IV (see rule 10)

Conditions for premises

1. Location

The premises shall not be located - (a) in a congested, residential, commercial or office area; (b) in small lanes or bye-lanes; (c) close to drinking water sources; or (d) in an area liable to flooding.

2. Building

The building shall - (a) be soundly constructed with good ventilation and protection against direct sunlight; (b) have well-maintained electrical installations; (c) have walls protected by non-flammable or slow-burning material; (d) have fire-resistant doors fitted with self-closing system; (e) have smooth, crack-fee floors impermeable to liquids; (f) have drains, if absolutely necessary, which do not connect directly with the sewerage system; (g) have signs indicating location of emergency exits, escape routes, and fire-fighting equipment, prohibition of smoking, and safety precautions; and (h) have proper washing facilities with adequate supply of water.

SCHEDULE V (see rule 18) Notification of major accident Report no.______1. Name and address of licensee ______2. Licence no. and date ______Nature of industrial activity mentioning Hazardous substance involved. ______3. Description of major accident - (a) Date and time ______(b) Exact location ______(c) Process/operation during which accident took place ______(d) Type and circumstances of accident and estimated quantity of hazardous substance involved. ______4. Known causes of the major accident. ______5. Nature and extent of damage – (a) In the premises; ______(b) Outside the premises. ______6. Description of emergency measures already taken. ______7. Description of further measures proposed to be taken to – (a) mitigate adverse effects ______(b) prevent recurrence ______8. Any other relevant information. ______

Date: ______

Time: ______

Licensee

ANNEXURE-V Stakeholder Engagement Forms

ANNEXURE-VI Air Dispersion Modeling Report

AIR DISPERSION MODELING OF CRITERIA POLLUTANTS EMITTED FROM PROPOSED POWER PLANT

1. INTRODUCTION:

AERMOD is a steady state plume model in that it assumes the concentrations at all distances during a modeled hour which are governed by the temporally averaged meteorology of the hour. The AERMOD modeling system consists of two pre-processors and the dispersion model. The AERMIC meteorological preprocessor (AERMET) provides AERMOD with the meteorological information, it needs to characterize the PBL. The AERMIC terrain preprocessor (AERMAP) both characterizes the terrain and generates receptor grids for the dispersion model (AERMOD ) as shown in Figure 1, AERMOD requires two types of meteorological data files, a file containing surface scalar parameters and a file containing vertical profiles . These two files are produced by the AERMET, a meteorological preprocessor program.

Figure 1: AERMOD Overview

1 2. MODELING SCENARIOS FOR EMISSION DISPERSION FROM PROPOSED POWER PLANT:

The emissions from proposed power plant (250 MW Dual-Fired Power Plant, KPC- II) are due to combustion of fuel (Diesel & Gas. These emissions are from engines/turbines which are designed to be installed. The pollutants emitting to atmosphere include; Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x), Sulphur Dixode (SO 2), Particulate Matter

(TSP, PM 10 & PM 2.5 ), Carbon Monoxides (CO). These are the regulatory pollutants which are required to estimate from the project activities during the operation phase and their impact areas. The using USEPA’s AERMOD tools, the dispersion of these criteria pollutants are modeled for two following scenarios;

Scenario-I: Dispersion of Pollutants from the Proposed Plant when Diesel is used as Fuel

Scenario-II: Dispersion of Pollutants from the Proposed Plant when Natural Gas is used as Fuel

3. MODEL INPUT DATA:

It is assumed that all of the pollutants are emitting from the stacks which is taken as point source of emissions. Following input data is used for modeling in both of the scenarios;

i. Meteorological Data for 2015 (Surface and Upper Air Data) ii. Emission Rates (g/s):

POLLUTANTS SCENARIO-I SCENARIO-II

NO x 69 13.5

SO 2 71 0.3

TSP 3.5 0.1

iii. Stack Height (m): 32 iv. Stack Dia (m): 1.6 v. Exit Gas Temperature (C): 354 (Diesel Fuel) and 385 when Gas is used as fuel vi. Exit Velocity (m/s): 15-20 vii. No of Stack: 13

2 4. MODEL RESULTS

The model was executed for predicting the 1-hrly, 24-hrly and annually averaged concentrations of NO x, SO 2 and TSP contributing from the project for both of the scenarios. The background concentrations of each of the pollutants were taken from the baseline survey in/around the propose project site.

The model results indicate that the predicted incremental 24 hrly averaged 3 concentrations for 67.60328, 70.31775 and 3.5341 !g /m for NO x, SO 2 and TSP respectively. The results are shown in Table 1 to Table 3. The data indicate that the incremental concentration of each of the pollutants in ambient air is less than SEQS limits .

The spatial distribution of 1- hrly, 24-hrly and annual averaged concentrations of NO x,

SO 2 and TSP identifying the impact areas in surroundings of the project sites are shown in Figure 2 to Figure 10 respectively for scenario-I.

Similarly, in case of scenario-II, the incremental concentrations of NO x, SO 2, and TSP were 67.11338, 0.2895102 and 0.07645966 !g/m 3 respectively. The 1-hrly, 24-hrly and annual averaged concentrations for NO x, SO 2 and TSP are given in Table 4 to Table 6 with SEQS limits. The data in tables indicated that the emissions were well within the SEQS limits for each of the modeled pollutants . The spatial distribution of 1-hrly, 24-hrly and annual averaged concentrations for NO x, SO 2 and TSP along with the impact areas in the project surroundings are shown from Figure 11 to Figure 19 respectively.

Table 1 : Model Predicted Concentrations (!g/m 3) of NO x from Proposed Power Project for Scenario-I

Averaging Time 1-hrly 24-hrly Annual

Maximum 3899.894 (13685.3, 8907.6) 814.3729 (13685.3, 8907.6) 893.0383 (13685.3, 8907.6)

Minimum 4.47851 (11846.79, 10850.29) 1.2361 (11606.84, 10507.6) 0.18397 (13873.24, 9239.196)

Incremental Mean 597.8119 67.60328 52.82879 Concentration

SEQS Limits * 120 80 * SEQS limits are not available

Table 2 : Model Predicted Concentrations (!g/m 3) of SO 2 from Proposed Power Project for Scenario-I

Averaging Time 1-hrly 24-hrly Annual

Maximum 4321.808 (13610.44, 8958.777) 895.7068 (13679.9, 8952.7) 1001.355 (13575.71, 8761.815)

Minimum 4.86076 (11841.39, 10895.39) 1.34442 (11841.39, 10895.39) 0.2028 (13853.11, 9252.7)

Incremental Mean 630.8004 70.31775 54.80273 Concentration

SEQS Limits * 120 80 * SEQS limits are not available

Table 3 : Model Predicted Concentrations (!g/m 3) of TSP from Proposed Power Project for Scenario-I

3 Averaging Time 1-hrly 24-hrly Annual

Maximum 216.839 (13679.9, 8952.7) 45.34814 (13679.9, 8952.7) 48.88398 (13575.71, 8761.815)

Minimum 0.23998 (11841.39, 10895.39) 0.06636 (11601.44, 10552.7) 0.00727 (13853.11, 9252.7)

Incremental Mean 31.7348 3.5341 2.761705 Concentration

SEQS Limits * 150 120 * SEQS limits are not available

Table 4 : Model Predicted Concentrations (!g/m 3) of NO x from Proposed Power Project for Scenario-II

Averaging Time 1-hrly 24-hrly Annual

Maximum 3934.92 (13749.36, 8958.777) 827.6409 (13679.9, 8952.7) 900.1338 (13679.9, 8952.7)

Minimum 4.47979 (11841.39, 10895.39) 1.19638 (13867.84, 9284.296) 0.12601 (13853.11, 9252.7)

Incremental Mean 599.2952 67.11338 52.32403 Concentration

SEQS Limits * 120 80 * SEQS limits are not available

Table 5 : Model Predicted Concentrations (!g/m 3) of SO 2 from Proposed Power Project for Scenario-II

Averaging Time 1-hrly 24-hrly Annual

Maximum 17.79502 (13610.44, 8958.777) 3.66375 (13679.9, 8952.7) 3.988 (13575.71, 8761.815)

Minimum 0.01986 (11841.39, 10895.39) 0.00545 (11601.44, 10552.7) 0.00149 (13853.11, 9252.7)

Incremental Mean 2.584821 0.2895102 0.2220685 Concentration

SEQS Limits * 120 80 * SEQS limits are not available

Table 6 : Model Predicted Concentrations (!g/m 3) of TSP from Proposed Power Project for Scenario-II

Averaging Time 1-hrly 24-hrly Annual

Maximum 4.21923 (13543.09, 8976.823) 0.89095 (13679.9, 8952.7) 0.99646 (13575.71, 8761.815)

Minimum 0.00117 (13867.84, 9284.296) 0.00014 (13867.84, 9284.296) 1E-05 (13853.11, 9252.7)

Incremental Mean 0.6765869 0.07645966 0.05745775 Concentration

SEQS Limits * 150 120 * SEQS limits are not available

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Figure 2: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) Hourly Emission of NO x Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-I

Figure 3: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) 24-Hourly averaged Emission of NO x Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-I

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Figure 4: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) Annual averaged Emission of NO x Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-I

Figure 5: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) Hourly Emission of SO 2 Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-I

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Figure 6: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) 24-Hourly Emission of SO 2 Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-I

Figure 7: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1st Maximum) Annual Emission of SO 2 Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-I

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Figure 8: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) Hourly Emission of TSP Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-I

Figure 9: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) 24-Hourly Emission of TSP Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-I

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Figure 10: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) Annual Emission of TSP Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-I

Figure 11: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) Hourly Emission of NO x Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-II

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Figure 12: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) 24- Hourly Emission of NO x Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-II

Figure 13: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) Annual Emission of NO x Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-II

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Figure 14: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) Hourly Emission of SO 2 Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-II

Figure 15: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) 24-Hourly Emission of SO 2 Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-II

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Figure 16: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) Annual Emission of SO 2 Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-II

Figure 17: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) Hourly Emission of TSP Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-II

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Figure 18: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1 st Maximum) 24-Hourly Emission of TSP Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-II

Figure 19: Spatial Distribution of Modeled Predicted (Incremental, 1st Maximum) Annual Emission of TSP Concentration in Surrounding of Project Site for Scenario-II

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ANNEXURE-VII Thermal Plume Modeling Report

THERMAL PLUME DISPERSION MODELING OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE FROM KPC-II PROPOSED POWER PLANT

1. INTRODUCTION:

The mixing behavior of any wastewater discharge is governed by the interplay of ambient conditions in the receiving water body and by the discharge Outfall characteristics. The ambient conditions in the receiving water body, be it stream, river, lake, reservoir, estuary or coastal water, are described by the water body’s geometric and dynamic characteristics. Important geometric parameters include plan shape, vertical cross sections, and bathymetry, especially in the discharge vicinity. Dynamic characteristics are given by the velocity and density distribution in the water body, again primarily in the discharge vicinity. In many cases, these conditions can be taken as steady-state with little variation because the time scale for the mixing processes is usually on the order of minutes up to perhaps one hour. In some cases, notably tidally influenced flows, the ambient conditions can be highly transient and the assumption of steady state conditions may be inappropriate. In this case, the effective dilution of the discharge plume may be reduced relative to that under steady-state conditions 1.

The discharge conditions relate to the geometric and flux characteristics of the submerged outfall installation. For a single port discharge the port diameter, its elevation above the bottom and its orientation provide the geometry; for multiport diffuser installations the arrangement of the individual ports along the diffuser line, the orientation of the diffuser line, and construction details represent additional geometric features; and for surface discharges, the cross-section and orientation of the flow entering the ambient watercourse are important. The flux characteristics are defined by the effluent discharge flow rate, by its momentum flux and by its buoyancy flux. The buoyancy flux represents the effect of the relative density difference between the effluent discharge and ambient conditions in combination with gravitational acceleration. Buoyancy flux is a measure of the tendency for the effluent flow to rise (i.e. positive buoyancy) or fall (i.e. negative buoyancy). The hydrodynamics of an

1 Unser Manual of CORMIX9.0.0, US EPA

1 effluent continuously discharging into a receiving water body can be conceptualized as a mixing process occurring in two separate regions as shown in Figure 1

Figure 1 Conceptual diagram for a regulatory mixing zone (RMZ). Water quality criteria apply at the boundary of the RMZ. Within the RMZ may be a Toxic Dilution Zone (TDZ).

2. OVERVIEW OF CORMIX:

The CORMIX system represents a robust and versatile computational methodology for predicting qualitative features (e.g. flow classification) and quantitative aspects (e.g. dilution ratio, plume trajectory) of the hydrodynamic mixing processes resulting from different discharge configurations and in all types of ambient water bodies, including small streams, large rivers, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, and coastal waters. CORMIX is a comprehensive software system for the analysis, prediction, and design of outfall mixing zones resulting from discharge of aqueous pollutants into diverse water bodies. It contains mathematical models of point source discharge mixing within an intelligent Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) interface. Its focus is environmental impact assessment and regulatory management CORMIX contains four core hydrodynamic simulation models and two post-processor simulation models. The simulation models are: I. Simulation models for single port discharges (CORMIX1). II. Simulation models for submerged multiport diffusers (CORMIX2).

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III. Simulation models for buoyant surface discharges (CORMIX3). IV. 4. Simulation models for dense brine and/or sediment discharges from single port, submerged multiport or surface discharges in laterally unbounded coastal environments (DHYDRO).

3. MODEL INPUT SCENARIO AND OUTPUT RESULTS:

The model was executed to model and predict the discharge temperature from KPC-II power plant into discharge lagoons with existing drainage outfall of as proposed by M/s K Electric in the regulatory mixing zone and to determine the maximum depth for which the temperature of discharge is maintained by 3C to comply the Sindh Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS) limits of rise of temperature of 3C into seas. The scenarios are modeled for NEAR-FIELD REGION (NFR) CONDITIONS where is assumed that the zone is of strong initial mixing. The summery of model input data is as (Annexure-1);

A. AMBIENT PARAMETERS: · Cross-section = unbounded · Average depth HA = 25 m · Depth at discharge HD = 24 m · Ambient velocity UA = 0.5 m/s · Darcy-Weisbach friction factor F = 0.2686 · Calculated from Manning's n = 0.1 · Wind velocity UW = 4.7 m/s · Stratification Type STRCND = U · Surface temperature = 33 degC · Bottom temperature = 33 degC · Calculated FRESH-WATER DENSITY values: · Surface density RHOAS = 994.7016 kg/m^3 · Bottom density RHOAB = 994.7016 kg/m^3

B. DISCHARGE PARAMETERS · Single Port Discharge · Nearest bank = left

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· Distance to bank DISTB = 2000 m · Port diameter D0 = 4.26 m · Port cross-sectional area A0 = 14.2531 m^2 · Discharge velocity U0 = 0.6 m/s · Discharge flowrate Q0 = 8.551855 m^3/s · Discharge port height H0 = 0.5 m · Vertical discharge angle THETA = 0 deg · Horizontal discharge angle SIGMA = 0 deg · Discharge temperature (freshwater) = 31.10 degC · Corresponding density RHO0 = 995.3093 kg/m^3 · Density difference DRHO = -0.6077 kg/m^3 · Buoyant acceleration GP0 = -0.006 m/s^2 · Discharge concentration C0 = 10 deg.C · Surface heat exchange coeff. KS = 0.000000 m/s · Coefficient of decay KD = 0 /s

C. DISCHARGE/ENVIRONMENT LENGTH SCALES LQ = 3.78 m Lm = 4.53 m Lb = 0.41 m

LM = 15.06 m Lm' = 99999 m Lb' = 99999 m

D. NON-DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS

Port densimetric Froude number FR0 = 3.76

Velocity ratio R = 1.2

E. MIXING ZONE / TOXIC DILUTION ZONE / AREA OF INTEREST PARAMETERS § Toxic discharge = no § Water quality standard specified = yes § Water quality standard CSTD = 3 deg.C § Regulatory mixing zone = yes § Regulatory mixing zone specification = distance § Regulatory mixing zone value = 2000 m (m^2 if area) § Region of interest = 2000 m

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F. HYDRODYNAMIC CLASSIFICATION

FLOW CLASS = NH4A2

The other details input are given in Annexure-1

This flow configuration applies to a layer corresponding to the full water depth at the discharge site. The temperature at NFR edge is 33 OC where dilution at edge of NFR is 2.9 m where NFR location (centerline coordinates) is predicted as x = 18.88 m , y = 0 m, z = 0 m. The NFR plume dimensions as half-width 5.66 m and thickness is 5.66 m whereas the Cumulative travel time of the jet is predicted as 37.7533 sec for NFR. The plume is vertically mixed at 77.75 m in downstream. In a subsequent analysis, use an ROI that extends further downstream but the ambient water quality standard was encountered at the following plume position as FFM: a. Water quality standard = 3 deg. C b. Corresponding dilution = 3.3 c. Plume location(centerline coordinates) x = 18.88 m, y = 0 m , z = 0 m d. Plume dimensions: half-width = 6.15 m, thickness = 5.914 m The details of output of the model is given in Annexure-II. Finally, it is concluded that the CORMIX predicted that plume is vertically fully mixed at 77.75 m in downstream. The complete profile of discharge and its variation is shown in Figure 2 and 3.

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Figure 2: A 3-D View of Relative Centerline Variation in Temperature of Discharges

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Figure 3 Different View of Relative Centerline Variation in Temperature of Discharges

7 Annexure-I CORMIX SESSION REPORT

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9

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Annexure-II CORMIX PREDICTION FILE

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12

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