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Geolologic Situation in the Aydar-Arnasay Colony and Its Atrophy

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Geolologic Situation in the Aydar-Arnasay Colony and Its Atrophy Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 3, 2020 Review Article GEOLOLOGIC SITUATION IN THE AYDAR-ARNASAY COLONY AND ITS ATROPHY 1Sharipov Shavkat Mukhamajanovich, 2Gudalov Mirkomil Ravshanovich 3Shomurodova Shahnoza Gayratovna National University of Uzbekistan, Candidate of Geographical Sciences1 ([email protected]) Jizzakh state pedogogy institute teacher of Geagraphy2 ,([email protected]) Uzbekistan National University scientific researcher3 ([email protected]) Received: 18.11.2019 Revised: 16.12.2019 Accepted: 14.01.2020 Abstract The dynamic changes in water volume, the composition of the water and the geoecological situation around the lake system OF Aydar-Arnasayhave been studied from 1969 to 2018. Key words: Aydar-Arnasay lekes system, Tuzkon Lake, Mirzachul, Chordara reservoir, dynamic change, geoecological situation, hydrochemical composition, mineralization, water balance, collector-drainage, reclamation conditions, salinity, hydromorph, halophytes. © 2019 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.03.85 INTRODUCTION. Battalion, collector-drainage waters and groundwater were The most fertile for Central Asian natural region in 1969 moving towards Aydarkul and Tuzkon. In 1957, the highest caused the excessive water discharge from the Syrdarya river collector-drainage water flew into Aydar, Arnasay and Tuzkon basin. The Aydar-Arnasay lake system is located in the arid was 82 million m3. In 1968 it increased by 880 million m3 (E. zone, which changes the geoecological situation in the Kholmatov et al., 2000). As a result, water was always stored surrounding area. For this reason, the environmental impact of in the Tuzkon swamp. The amount of water discharged from the Aydar-Arnasay lake system was analyzed by studying the the Chordara reservoir plays an important role in this water origin and hydrochemical composition. balance. 505.02 million m3 of water was discharged to Arnasay in 1967 and 354.5 million m3 in 1968 from Chardara The lakes Aydar, Arnasay and Tuzkon consist of small lakes reservoir. These waters filled the saline depths of the Arnasay, resulted in Mirzachul development and construction of the flooded the ground, and part of it flew into the Tuzkon Lake. In Chardara reservoir. The lakes have been flooded for many total, in 1968, the Arnasai Boot and Tuzkon had 300 million years with deserts on the western slopes of the Turkestan m3 of water, covering an area of 110 km2. Separated small ridge and on the northern slopes of Mount Nurata and floods lakes were formed in the deepest places of the Aydarkul and from Syrdarya. As a result, salty lakes formed in the swamps. Arnasay swamps. The Aydar-Arnasai swamp was composed of And in the dry years, the waters of the swamps evaporated and saltwater and marshes, and separated shallow small lakes, became salty areas (Gudalov M, 2019). where the water dries in the summer and the salt underneath. Intensive development of lands in Mirzachul in the 1960s led Basically, the plants in the galophite group grew. The flooding to the formation of collector-drainage systems. Due to the fact of Aydar, Arnasay and Tuzkon swamps coincided with the that the surface of the area is sloping towards the Aydarkul rainy 1969 year . Main channels chordara Collector reservoir holes Precipitatio n Irrigation through Aydar - Arnasoylakes Arnasay reservoir absorbing system underground Water surface Natural evaporation Groundwa drainage ter Picture 1.1. Water balance in the Aydar-Arnasay lakes system Journal of critical reviews 461 GEOLOLOGIC SITUATION IN THE AYDAR-ARNASAY COLONY AND ITS ATROPHY In 1969, one of the well collected years of the 20th century for the ACT came from Chordara reservoir (NE Gorelkin, AM the natural land of Central Asia, the reservoirs of the Toktogul, Nikitin. 1976). From 1974 to 1993, the ACTT had virtually no Kairakkum and Chordara reservoirs gained water more than water from the Chordara reservoir. Only a few years of poorly runningwater. Excess water could not be discharged from the drained water. Further inflow led to the preservation of water Chardara reservoir downstream of the Syrdarya River. This levels and the creation of large bases of fish stocks. was because the city of Kyzylorda was in danger of flooding. As a result, from February 1969 to March 1970, 21.8 km3 of After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, the only water was flown through the Arnasay Dam into the Arnasai power system in Central Asia collapsed. The sovereign states Dam. of Central Asia have independently established their water and energy consumption regimes. Since 1993, the Kyrgyz Republic Due to rising water levels in the Arnasai swamp, some of the has started to use the Tohtagul reservoir (284 km2 and 19.5 water flew into the Aydarkul Basin. The water collected in km3) for irrigation purposes. As a result, the Toktogul Aydarkul, in turn, went towards Tuzkon. As a result, the reservoir accumulated water in the spring and summer, natural water tank in the middle was disrupted and, as a making maximum use of water in the reservoir during the fall result, a large amount of water flew into Tuzkon Lake. and winter when electricity was high. Starting this year, excess water flowing from the Chordara reservoir to the AACT began In 1969, 21783 million m3 of water was flown from the to flow during the fall and winter. Chardara reservoir to the Aydar-Arnasay dam. From February 1969 to March 1970, for more than a year, the Arnasai According to the Center of Hydrometeorological Service of hydroelectric system pumped 2100 m3 / sec. Uzbekistan, in the early 1990s, the water level in the AACS was 237 m, and in 1998 it reached 243.7 m, reaching 6.5-7.0 m. The From February to July 1969, 15,302 million m3 of water AACT has expanded to 1074 km2 over the years. As a result, flowed from the Chardara reservoir into the Aydar-Arnasay pastures around the lake, shepherd houses and barns and Dam and the water level of Aydarkul was 237.19 meters. At highways were flooded. that time, the water level of Tuzkon Lake was 229.7 meters. According to Uzhydromet experts, in November 1998, the 400,000 m3 of water flowed from the Chardara reservoir to altitude of the ACAC was 243.7 m, the area was 3039 km2, and the Arnasai Fish in 1971 and 580,000 m3 in March and April the water volume was 31 km3. The water level fluctuated from 1972. The water level increased by 22 meters in Tuzkon Lake 0.8-2.3 meters. During the winter and spring, the water level and by about 10 meters in Aydarkul due to increased water increases due to the discharge from the Chardara (see Table flow. This resulted in the formation of the Aydar-Arnasai Lakes 1.1). Maximum water levels in the lake are observed in May. System (AACT) with an area of 2,300 km2 and a total area of During summer and autumn, the maximum evaporation was 20 km3. In 1964-1974, 70% of the volume of water entering up to 3 km3 and the lake level decreased by 0.5-0.7 m. Table-1.1 The volume of water discharged from the Chard т/р Year I I I III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII йилдаво-мида, км3 1 1993 - - - 1390 241 - 1018 - - - -- - - 2 , 6 5 2 1994 2281 3217 2619 982 184 - - - - - - - 9 , 2 9 3 1995 1044 2063 894 - - - - - - - - - 4 , 0 0 4 1996 - - 1207 - - - - - - - - - 1 , 2 1 5 1997 - 762 482 - - - - - - - - - 1 , 2 4 6 1998 - 171 1936 108 - 917 - - - - - - 3 , 1 3 7 1999 1612 924 658 - - - - - - - - - 3 , 2 0 8 2000 1074 1574 24 - - - - - - - - - 2 , 6 7 9 2001 - 316 - - - - - - - - - - 0 , 3 2 10 2002 - - 109 653 168 62 24 310 - - - - 1 , 3 3 11 2003 567 1006 1221 1417 393 - - - - - - - 4 , 6 1 12 2004 - 1020 1280 600 - - - - - - - - 2 , 9 0 13 2005 425 1006 765 514 - - - - - - - - 2 , 7 1 14 2006 - 300 120 - - - - - - - - - 0 , 4 2 15 2007 - 150 - - - - - - - - - - 0 , 1 5 Revised data by DD Nurboev, NE Gorelkin (2004) and National Report (2008) From 1993 to 2007, a large amount of water was pumped from 2005, water in the AACT had reached 44.19 km3, making it the the Chardara reservoir to the Arnasai lake each year (see fourth largest lake in Central Asia. Figure 1.2). The largest amount of water is in 1994. This year, more than 9 km3 of water was discharged to AACT, resulting In 2006, the transfer of water from the Chardara River to the in flooding of more than 120,000 hectares of pastures. By Syrdarya River was completed, and the Arnasai Dam would no longer be flooded unless there was an urgent need. In 2007, a total of 200 m3 of water was dumped into the Arnasai Dam. Journal of critical reviews 462 GEOLOLOGIC SITUATION IN THE AYDAR-ARNASAY COLONY AND ITS ATROPHY Figure 1.2. The amount of water discharged from the Chardara reservoir to the Aydar-Arnasai lake system The inputs of the AACT water balance also include the (PK-6) collector pits. The amount of collector-drainage water groundwater that flows from the environment. They come depends on the amount of irrigation water. In the 1970s, the from the Nurata mountains, the Kyzylkum Desert, Mirzachul amount of water used for irrigation of Mirzachul increased and Chordara reservoirs. The water discharges of Aydarkul from 196 m3 / sec to 219 m3 / sec. In this connection, the and Tuzkon with 230-240 meters of ground water are 1.4-1.6 amount of water discharged from the irrigated lands through m3 / sec.
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