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SMART CITIES: CONCEITO, INICIATIVAS E O CENÁRIO CARIOCA Kárys Cristina Diederichs Prado Patrícia Estevão Dos Santos Projeto

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SMART CITIES: CONCEITO, INICIATIVAS E O CENÁRIO CARIOCA Kárys Cristina Diederichs Prado Patrícia Estevão Dos Santos Projeto SMART CITIES: CONCEITO, INICIATIVAS E O CENÁRIO CARIOCA Kárys Cristina Diederichs Prado Patrícia Estevão dos Santos Projeto de Graduação apresentado ao Curso de Engenharia Ambiental da Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Engenheiro. Orientadora: Angela Maria Gabriella Rossi Rio de Janeiro Dezembro de 2014 SMART CITIES: CONCEITO, INICIATIVAS E O CENÁRIO CARIOCA Kárys Cristina Diederichs Prado Patrícia Estevão dos Santos PROJETO DE GRADUAÇÃO SUBMETIDO AO CORPO DOCENTE DO CURSO DE ENGENHARIA AMBIENTAL DA ESCOLA POLITÉCNICA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO COMO PARTE DOS REQUISITOS NECESSÁRIOS PARA A OBTENÇÃO DO GRAU DE ENGENHEIRO AMBIENTAL. Examinado por: Profª. Angela Maria Gabriella Rossi, D.Sc. Prof. Fernando Rodrigues Lima, D.Sc. Profª. Gisele Silva Barbosa, D.Sc. RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ - BRASIL DEZEMBRO DE 2014 Prado, Kárys Cristina Diederichs Santos, Patrícia Estevão dos Smart Cities: Conceito, Iniciativas e o Cenário Carioca/ Kárys Cristina Diederichs Prado e Patrícia Estevão dos Santos. – Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ/ Escola Politécnica, 2014. X, 123 p.: il.; 29,7 cm. Orientadora: Angela Maria Gabriella Rossi Projeto de Graduação – UFRJ/ Escola Politécnica/ Curso de Engenharia Ambiental, 2014. Referências Bibliográficas: p. 109-123. 1. Smart Cities 2. Planejamento Urbano 3. Desenvolvimento Urbano 4. Rio de Janeiro. I. Rossi, Angela Maria Gabriella. II. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola Politécnica, Curso de Engenharia Ambiental. III. Título. iii Resumo do Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Escola Politécnica/ UFRJ como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do grau de Engenheiro Ambiental. Smart Cities: Conceito, Iniciativas e o Cenário Carioca Kárys Cristina Diederichs Prado Patrícia Estevão dos Santos Dezembro/2014 Orientadora: Angela Maria Gabriella Rossi Curso: Engenharia Ambiental A urbanização é um fenômeno que ganha cada vez mais intensidade ao redor do mundo. Devido a isso, as cidades ocupam a posição de maiores consumidoras de recursos naturais disponíveis, o que fortalece a relação entre o ambiente urbano e a engenharia ambiental. Sendo assim, este estudo é pautado na temática do planejamento urbano, com foco dirigido a um novo modelo de desenvolvimento que se encontra em plena expansão e proporciona a inserção do componente tecnológico na urbe: as Smart Cities. O objetivo deste Projeto de Graduação é explorar este conceito, embasando-o com referências teóricas e práticas internacionais, para avaliar com maior propriedade a situação da cidade do Rio de Janeiro neste contexto. Com o auxílio de metodologias de revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, é possível, por fim, identificar os potenciais para soluções smart que o Rio de Janeiro apresenta, avaliando suas perspectivas de tornar-se uma cidade mais inteligente. Palavras-chave: Smart Cities, Planejamento Urbano, Desenvolvimento Urbano, Rio de Janeiro. iv Abstract of Undergraduate project presented to POLI/UFRJ as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Environmental Engineer. Smart Cities: Concept, Initiatives and the Scenario in Rio de Janeiro Kárys Cristina Diederichs Prado Patrícia Estevão dos Santos December/2014 Advisor: Angela Maria Gabriella Rossi Course: Environmental Engineering Urbanization is a growing phenomenon around the world. Due to this, cities have become the greater consumers of available natural resources and this fact strengthens the relation between the urban environment and Environmental Engineering. Thus, this study was conceived around the urban planning thematic, focused in a new expanding development model that enables the introduction of technological components in the city: the Smart Cities. The objective of this Graduation Project is to explore this concept through the use of theoretical references and international practices, in order to consistently evaluate Rio de Janeiro’s situation in this context. Assisted by methodologies of bibliographic review and field research, it’s possible to identify the potential smart solutions applicable to Rio de Janeiro, appraising its perspectives to become a Smart City. Keywords: Smart Cities, Urban Planning, Urban Development, Rio de Janeiro. v Sumário 1 Introdução ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 O Problema ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Justificativa ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Objetivos ................................................................................................................................ 3 2 Metodologia ............................................................................................. 3 2.1 Revisão Bibliográfica ......................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Pesquisa de campo do Rio de Janeiro .......................................................................... 5 3 Fundamentação Teórica ........................................................................... 5 3.1 Conceito .................................................................................................................................. 5 3.1.1 Antecedentes ............................................................................................................................. 5 3.1.1.1 Planejamento e Demografia ............................................................................................................. 6 3.1.1.2 Evolução Tecnológica .......................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.2 Confronto de Conceitos ....................................................................................................... 14 3.1.2.1 Perspectiva Tecnológica ................................................................................................................. 15 3.1.2.2 Perspectiva do Planejamento Urbano ....................................................................................... 16 3.1.2.3 Perspectiva Social .............................................................................................................................. 17 3.1.2.4 Perspectiva da Administração Pública ..................................................................................... 19 3.1.3 Unificação do Conceito ........................................................................................................ 23 3.2 Componentes da Smart City .......................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Infraestrutura Urbana .......................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2 Desmembrando a Smart City ............................................................................................. 26 4 Panorama Atual ...................................................................................... 31 4.1 Oceania ................................................................................................................................. 32 4.1.1 Melbourne ................................................................................................................................. 32 4.1.2 Brisbane ..................................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.3 Sydney ........................................................................................................................................ 39 4.1.4 Christchurch ............................................................................................................................. 41 4.2 Ásia ......................................................................................................................................... 43 4.2.1 Singapura .................................................................................................................................. 43 4.2.2 Yokohama ................................................................................................................................. 48 4.2.3 Songdo IBD ............................................................................................................................... 50 4.2.4 Hong Kong ................................................................................................................................. 54 4.3 Europa ................................................................................................................................... 57 4.3.1 Amsterdã ................................................................................................................................... 57 4.3.2 Santander .................................................................................................................................. 59 4.3.3 Estocolmo .................................................................................................................................. 63 4.3.4 Londres ...................................................................................................................................... 66 4.4 África ....................................................................................................................................
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